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Approach to Pablo Neruda’s love metaphors through cognitive poetics
Abstract
Interest in literature, culture, and thought, although deeply rooted in ancient
traditions, emerges as a modern issue sustained by contemporary theories of
language and cognition. This thesis aims to bring together the study of poetry
and current debates regarding the centrality of metaphor within the cognitive
paradigm as approached by Cognitive Poetics. The purpose is to show that
underlying Neruda’s poems, particularly his poetic love metaphors, there is a
consistent structure that ties together his conceptualisation of emotion. This
structure is a folk cognitive model: the Model of Love that is activated by
certain conceptual metaphors via various love scenarios throughout the poet’s
love lyric.
This investigation moves away from the purely tropological
interpretations characteristic of previous analyses that emphasise critics’ own
coherent prototypical readings. After Amado Alonso (1940), studies on
Neruda’s language tend to highlight the rhetorical nature of his literary style.
It is the aim of this thesis to put forward an original interpretation of the
poet’s love language that brings closer literature and emergent theories of
cognition from an interdisciplinary stance.
The thesis is divided into three chapters. Following the Introduction,
Chapter 1 reviews a series of central points concerning salient theories of
metaphor, and its current status in contemporary thought. Attention is
focused on its phenomenological and epistemological implications, such as
the entrenchment of the emotion of love in human physiology and in
environmental factors, and its embodiment in the poetic love lexicon. This is
achieved in Chapter 2 through the analysis of an ontology of cases from the
poet’s book CSA in order to highlight what central metaphors evoke a series of love scenarios. Chapter 3 presents the Model of Love with attention to its
genesis, functioning, and characteristics.
The ideas behind this investigation are in tune with the work by literary
criticism, although the procedure for metaphor analysis is loosely based on
George Lakoff and Mark Johnson’s analysis of the love metaphor (1980, 1989),
integrating Gilles Fauconnier and Mark Turner’s theory of conceptual
blending (2002). The model of love proposed in this thesis is largely based on
Roy D’Andrade’s Folk Model of the Mind (1995), and Zoltán Kövecses’
metaphor and emotion approach to the study of the love metaphor (2000).
Looking into Neruda’s love lyric under a new light, this is the first
research to introduce the Model of Love embodied in the poet’s love lexicon.
It presents a method to assess the poetic love metaphor based on an eclectic
outlook across disciplines that gives a holistic outlook of the poet’s
conceptualisation of the emotion. The approach here is in synchronicity with
prevailing intellectual enterprises enquiring into the nature of human
thought, with an interest in literary products of cognition.
College students have problems in studying literature in general and poetry in particular. They depend fully on the lectures of their instructors and the internet notes and Wikipedia sources that are widely spread via internet. Hence, the present study is an unprecedented one that seeks to find some solutions to this problem that faced both the instructors and the students. Its aims are as follows: identifying the cognitive poetic schema (henceforth, CPS) used in the interpretation of the poems involved in the study ; finding whether there are any differences among the three selected poems in students' CPS; Finding whether there are any differences among the four levels of the college students in the six components of the CPS rubric. To fulfill the aims of the study, the following procedures are carried out: first, a thorough and comprehensive survey of old and modern related literature to both fields of study, schema and cognitive poetics. Second, a model of CPS management is pinpointed and adopted from Stockwell’s well-known book Cognitive Poetics (2002). Third, three poems are selected from the poems of Liverpool poets by a jury of experts. Fourth, questions and their rubric are exposed to a jury of specialists. Fifth, a pilot study and later a final application of the test to the four levels of college students at the Department of English, College of Education for Women, are carried out. Results show that there are significant differences among college students in the four levels of the college. In the light of these findings, the study ended with some conclusions and recommendations.
Recent work in metaphorical analysis makes it clear that many of our most basic concepts (and our reasoning via those concepts) are embodied: Lived experiences in our bodies inspire and constrain the way we conceive and articulate many of our other experiences. That is exactly what metaphor is based on, i.e., on experiential, body-linked, physical core of reasoning abilities (Lakoff and Johnson, 1999). Metaphor has the capacity to "introduce a sensory logic at the semantic level alluding to a more complex scenario of interrelated meanings and experiences of the world" (Cacciari, 1998 p.128). One of the most common types of metaphoric transfer is synaesthesia, i.e., the transfer of information from one sensory modality to another.
Pablo Neruda's Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair (1942) is one of the cardinal books of Spanish American lyric sociability and sentimental education. However, this work has been widely scrutinized and examined -turned from document into "monument"- both its generative process and socio-critical correlative context have not been sufficiently pondered in order to tackle the mechanisms and procedures that co-construct its second published edition by the poet. From bio-bibliographical, critical, and historical references, this article attempts to synthetically explore the textual, aesthetic and socio-cultural strategies articulated in Twenty Love Poems 'manufacture, proposing an interpretation that emphasizes the author 's self-critical exhaustively, and the paradoxes of this work s valuation, especially considering its reception in Chile.
The papers in this volume, a multidisciplinary collaboration of anthropologists, linguists, and psychologists, explore the ways in which cultural knowledge is organized and used in everyday language and understanding. Employing a variety of methods, which rely heavily on linguistic data, the authors offer analyses of domains of knowledge ranging across the physical, social, and psychological worlds, and reveal the importance of tacit, presupposed knowledge in the conduct of everyday life. The authors argue that cultural knowledge is organized in 'cultural models' - storylike chains of prototypical events that unfold in simplified worlds - and explore the nature and role of these models. They demonstrate that cultural knowledge may take either proposition-schematic or image-schematic form, each enabling the performance of different kinds of cognitive tasks. Metaphor and metonymy are shown to have special roles in the construction of cultural models. The authors also demonstrates that some widely applicable cultural models recur nested within other, more special-purpose models. Finally, it is shown that shared models play a critical role in thinking, allowing humans to master, remember, and use the vast amount of knowledge required in everyday life. This innovative collection will appeal to anthropologists, linguists, psychologists, philosophers, students of artificial intelligence, and other readers interested in the processes of everyday human understanding.
Metaphor and Metonymy at the Crossroads is a collection of essays, most of them written from a cognitive linguistics standpoint by leading specialists in the fields of conceptual metaphor and metonymy, and conceptual integration (blending). The book has two main goals. One of them is to discuss in new, provocative ways the nature of these conceptual mappings in English and their interaction. The other goal is to explore by means of several detailed case studies the central role of these mappings in English. The studies are, thus, concerned with the operation of metaphor and metonymy in discourse, including literary discourse or with the effect of metaphorical and/or metonymic mappings on some aspects of linguistic structure, be it polysemy or grammar. The book is of interest to students and researchers in English and linguistics, English literature, cognitive psychology and cognitive science. © 2000, 2003 by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, D-10785 Berlin.
Conceptual integration - also known as “blending�? is a basic mental operation whose uniform structural and dynamic properties apply over many areas of thought and action, including metaphor and metonymy. Conceptual integration creates networks of connections between mental spaces. Some of these mental spaces serve as inputs to a new, blended mental space that typically develops emergent meaning not contained in the inputs. In the case of metaphor, a source and a target serve as inputs to the blend. Creating the blend often involves the exploitation of metonymies. © Copyright 2002, 2003 by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, D-10785 Berlin. All rights reserved.
Mental spaces are very partial assemblies constructed as we think and talk for purposes of local understanding and action. It has been hypothesized that at the neural level, mental spaces are sets of activated neuronal assemblies and that the connections between elements correspond to coactivation-bindings. On this view, mental spaces operate in working memory but are built up partly by activating structures available from long-term memory. A crucial property of language, cognitive constructions, and conceptual links is the access principle (also called the identification principle). The cases of referential opacity and transparency noted by many scholars for propositional attitudes turn out to be only special instances of the more general access principle. Spoken languages offer considerable evidence for mental space organization. But interestingly, independent evidence is also available from sign languages, such as American Sign Language, which operate in a different modality, visualgestural rather than oral-auditory. This article also discusses tense and mood and the many linguistic devices for guiding the construction and connection of mental spaces.
Karl Bühler (1879-1963) was one of the leading theoreticians of language of the twentieth century. Although primarily a psychologist, Bühler devoted much of his attention to the study of language and language theory. His masterwork Sprachtheorie (1934) quickly gained recognition in the fields of linguistics, semiotics, the philosophy of language and the psychology of language. This new edition of the English translation of Bühler's theory begins with a survey on 'Bühler's legacy' for modern linguistics (Werner Abraham), followed by the Theory of Language, and finally with a special 'Postscript: Twenty-five Years Later …' (Achim Eschbach). Bühler's theory is divided into four parts. Part I discusses the four axioms or principles of language research, the most famous of which is the first, the organon model, the base of Bühler's instrumental view of language. Part II treats the role of indexicality in language and discusses deixis as one determinant of speech. Part III examines the symbolic field, dealing with context, onomatopoeia and the function of case. Part IV deals with the elements of language and their organization (syllabification, the definition of the word, metaphor, anaphora, etc).The text is accompanied by an Introduction (Achim Eschbach); Translator's preface (Donald Fraser Goodwin); Glossary of terms; and a Bibliography of cited works.
Thesis--Indiana University. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 241-277). Microfilm of typescript. Ann Arbor, Mich. : University Microfilms International, [1978]. -- 1 reel ; 35 mm.
Ensayo leído en la Biblioteca Nacional de Santiago de Chile el lunes 10 de agosto de 1964, durante el ciclo de conferencias sobre "La creación poética de Pablo Neruda"] Pablo Neruda es un poeta que ha hecho de su vida la materia y la sustancia de su poesía, como bien lo ha subrayado Fernando Alegría. Y fue exacto el propio Neruda en 1943, cuando inició una conferencia suya con estas palabras: "Si ustedes me preguntan qué es mi poesía, debo decirles: no sé; pero si le preguntan a mi poesía, ella, les dirá quién soy yo". En efecto, Neruda ha sido siempre el poeta de su propia vida, pero no a la manera de un biógrafo de sí mismo, sino realizando su vida a través de su poesía, quizás un poco a la manera de Whitman, de Victor Hugo o de Proust. La poesía de Neruda no es un biografía anecdótica, aunque recoja a menudo la anécdota: es ante todo la historia de una conciencia humana en su proceso de integración, en su proceso de formación, de crecimiento y desarrollo, en sus orígenes, en su incorporación al mundo, en su vinculación cada vez más profundizada con la naturaleza, con los objetos, con los hombres, con la cultura, con el movimiento de la historia, con el sentido del esfuerzo humano, con el impulso del hombre hacia la plenitud. Toda la obra de Pablo Neruda, desde sus comienzos, ha sido siempre el reflejo artístico y paralelo de la vida del poeta, determinada en cada paso por su circunstancia histórico-personal más concreta. Pero sucede que al comentar poéticamente el despliegue de su propia existencia, Neruda ha venido recogiendo las vidas de muchos otros hombres, por no decir la vida del hombre contemporáneo de América, con sus hechos, con sus objetos, con sus gestos y con sus esperanzas. A través de la sinceridad, y del manejo dialéctico de la razón y la intuición, Neruda ha logrado universalizar su personal y única experiencia hasta un nivel muy rara vez alcanzado en la literatura. En esta ocasión nos ocuparemos de los modos de autorreferencia en la obra de Pablo Neruda. Esto es queremos mostrar hasta qué punto, dentro de una poesía tan coherente y consecuente como es la de Neruda, las referencias explícitas que el poeta hace respecto de sí mismo, las autoalusiones, van documentando también, como otros signos claves lo pueden hacer de un modo parecido, la historia y el desarrollo de la conciencia del mundo en Pablo Neruda.
Quam bellum est velle confiteri potius nescire quod nescias, quam ista effutientem nauseare, atque ipsum sibi displicere.
This is an advance of a variable from a doctoral thesis on the factors that shape the identity of Pablo Neruda in his work. His mother-child relationship, the home-life in the Araucanía, the absence and need of the motherly figure, his first readings as a child in Parral, adolescence as a process of identity transformation in his erotic nature. The rose, a feminine name and a vegetable flower, is the key word of his personal references and of his subsequent experiences with different women. Rosauras, Rosías, Rosarios, Rosaledas, Rositas, etc. From Neruda's semantic resources we could appreciate a double identity, between his person and the polysemic messages of his poetry. However, his protoidentity was always intact and unitary
The papers in this volume, a multidisciplinary collaboration of anthropologists, linguists, and psychologists, explore the ways in which cultural knowledge is organized and used in everyday language and understanding. Employing a variety of methods, which rely heavily on linguistic data, the authors offer analyses of domains of knowledge ranging across the physical, social, and psychological worlds, and reveal the importance of tacit, presupposed knowledge in the conduct of everyday life. The authors argue that cultural knowledge is organized in 'cultural models' - storylike chains of prototypical events that unfold in simplified worlds - and explore the nature and role of these models. They demonstrate that cultural knowledge may take either proposition-schematic or image-schematic form, each enabling the performance of different kinds of cognitive tasks. Metaphor and metonymy are shown to have special roles in the construction of cultural models. The authors also demonstrates that some widely applicable cultural models recur nested within other, more special-purpose models. Finally, it is shown that shared models play a critical role in thinking, allowing humans to master, remember, and use the vast amount of knowledge required in everyday life. This innovative collection will appeal to anthropologists, linguists, psychologists, philosophers, students of artificial intelligence, and other readers interested in the processes of everyday human understanding.
A scholarly examination, literary rather than psychological, of the concept 'meaning.' Harvard Book List (edited) 1938 #127 (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Metaphor and Thought, first published in 1979, reflects the surge of interest in and research into the nature and function of metaphor in language and thought. In this revised and expanded second edition, the editor has invited the contributors to update their original essays to reflect any changes in their thinking. Reorganised to accommodate the shifts in central theoretical issues, the volume also includes six new chapters that present important and influential fresh ideas about metaphor that have appeared in such fields as the philosophy of language and the philosophy of science, linguistics, cognitive and clinical psychology, education and artificial intelligence.