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Smertefulle møter mellom jordmødre og somaliske fødekvinner i Norge
... Fødselskomplikasjoner er signifikant hyppigere hos kvinner med kjønnslemlestelse enn hos kviner uten, og risikoen øker med inngrepets alvorlighetsgrad Berggren, Gottvall, Isman, Bergström, & Ekéus, 2013;Johansen, 2006cJohansen, , 2011 (Vangen et al., 2002). Til tross for høyere risiko for fødselskomplikasjoner hos kvinner med kjønnslemlestelse er ikke årsakssammenhengene ferdig utforsket. ...
... De psykiske reaksjonene kan skyldes ekstrem smerte og redsel under og etter inngrepet. De kan også skyldes senere komplikasjoner, som plager ved urinering og menstruasjon, smertefulle og vanskelige samleier og fødsler (Glazer, 2012;Johansen, 2006bJohansen, , 2011. Opplevelsene kan dessuten reaktiveres senere i livet i situasjoner som minner om selve kjønnslemlestelsen, f.eks. ...
... Helsetjenesten nektet familien inngrepene, og rådet ham til å vente til døtrene ble eldre. Slike og liknende misforståtte kulturelle hensyn har tidligere vist å kunne vaere til hinder for optimal helsehjelp (Johansen, 2006a(Johansen, , 2011. ...
The report investigates whether the systems that has been established to ensure that refugees and asylum seekers in Norway receive the necessary information about female genital mutilation functions according to its intention. The aims of this program for the dissemination of knowledge about female genital mutilation is to prevent girls living in Norway from female genital mutilation and to provide health care services for girls and women who have been exposed to this procedure. We found that only 2/3 of health education institutions provided training on female genital mutilation and in those that did, there were large variations in the extent and content of teaching. This implies that there are major variations in healthcare provider's competence to carry out their respective tasks in this area. Furthermore, we identified some shortcomings in the routines for the dissemination of information: Some immigrants groups were frequently targeted with repetitive information, whereas other groups never received any information. We also found that the form and content of existing information was limited and therefore in need of strengthening. One area that could strengthen the work is to increase the use of long-term discussion groups, include more resource persons from affected groups in the work and expand the messages provided. The latter refers to a need to openly discuss the factors motivating female genital mutilation in the first place. Furthermore, we found that service providers in smaller places with few residents from affected groups often experienced major challenges in their work: Many had less access to resources, less opportunities for professional updates and fewer discussion partners. Many felt that alone with challenging tasks, and often experienced confidentiality as a serious restriction for professional exchange and good decisions. The study also revealed that there may be a need to strengthen and better coordinate the provision of health care to provide a more equal offer, make the offer more acceptable to the user groups.
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