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Imitating Closely Related Varieties

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Abstract

Typically, older dialects are “leveling” to become more like national languages. This is regrettable when the last articulate traces of a culture are lost, but it also promotes a complex dynamics of interaction as speakers shift from dialect to standard and to intermediate compromises between the two in their forms of speech. Varieties of speech thus live on in modern communities, where they still function to mark provenance, but increasingly cultural and social provenance as opposed to pure geography. They arise at times from the need to function throughout the different groups in society, but they also may have roots in immigrants’ speech, and just as certainly from the ineluctable dynamics of groups wishing to express their identity to themselves and to the world. The future of dialects is a selection of the papers presented at Methods in Dialectology XV, held in Groningen, the Netherlands, 11-15 August 2014. While the focus is on methodology, the volume also includes specialized studies on varieties of Catalan, Breton, Croatian, (Belgian) Dutch, English (in the US, the UK and in Japan), German (including Swiss German), Italian (including Tyrolean Italian), Japanese, and Spanish as well as on heritage languages in Canada.
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... As I have stated in previous works (Schäfer et al. 2016;Schäfer 2017b, forthcoming), fictional language is linked to structures of natural language(s). All the features we find in the Jewish speech of "Die Klabriaspartie" can be traced back to structures known from Yiddish and/or German dialects. ...
... Additionally, the works bySchäfer et al. (2016) andSchäfer (forthcoming) show that the authenticity of linguistic imitation is confirmed by experiments with German speakers who imitate closely related varieties (German, Yiddish, andDutch dialects). The identifiable features that are used for imitating closely related languages are based on features of the natural languages they imitate. ...
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This article shows what we can learn from Vienna Jewish cabaret, so-called Jargontheater ‘jargon theater’ and the language situation of Vienna Jews at the end of the 19th century. By analyzing one of the most popular plays of this genre, we can see how structures from Yiddish dialects fused with Viennese German and what may have caused ‘Vienna Jewish speech,’ a Judeo-German city variety in the First Austrian Republic (1920s and 1930s).
... Data of a type different from the classical questionnaire can also be a rich source for dialectological research. Examples include data -from dialect imitation (Schäfer et al. 2016;Vandekerckhove & Ghyselen 2017) relevant to perceptual-dialectological approaches; -from ultrasound imaging of articulatory movements (Lawson et al. 2008;Scobbie et al. 2012;Spreafico 2016;Ooijevaar in prep.); -from experiments, e.g. ...
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The days when dialectology was a quiet island in the (sometimes rough) ocean of modern linguistics seem to be over. Since the so-called social turn and the integration of quantitative methods into the study of urban as well as rural dialects, the barriers between early ‘Labovian’ sociolinguistics and dialectology have gradually been broken down. Of late, the study of dialect variation has become more and more an integral part of mainstream formal theory as ‘micro-variation’. Even more recently, constructivist approaches (such as Usage-based Phonology and Exemplar Theory for phonetics as well as ethnographic perspectives) are entering and enriching the field. Apart from these various developments, at least in the Old World, the object appears to be changing more and more rapidly, giving rise to the erosion of traditional dialect landscapes and the emergence of supra-local koinai as well as dialect/standard continua. This paper addresses some of the main aspects of these tendencies. We will discuss questions such as: how can the new types of language variety be studied; can dialectology be enriched with other than the traditional data and methods; how far-reaching is the innovative impact of the various disciplinary, inter-subdisciplinary and inter-disciplinary cross-fertilisations?
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The artistic freedom of authors is generally regarded as a disturbing factor in dialectology and historical linguistics (see Ebert 1978: 6, Glaser 1997: 15). For the investigation of historical oral communication, the preferable data are functional and not fictional texts. Artistic licence, however, is far more useful than commonly known. This paper shows how literary texts can be used both for linguistic history and for research on language contact. The data base includes poetic texts – predominantly plays – of the German-language literature of the 19th century, in which Jewish figures are characterized linguistically by using imitations of Yiddish. These imitations are a creative product of the contact between German and Yiddish and, in the artificial space of poetic language, exhibit reflexes of natural language structures.
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