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Effect of mass of kapas on quality of ginned lint
Abstract
Impact of mass of kapas on quality of ginned lint has been studied using MCU-5 variety. It is found that with the increase in mass of kapas, the quantity of lint and its length increase. The other physical properties of lint are also found to be superior with the increase in mass of kapas. Irrespective of the mass of kapas, the ginning machine setting shows significant impact on fibre properties. The strength and elongation of fibre vary significantly with varying length of oscillation of beater knife from the edge of fixed knife. This is because the removal of fibres from the seed is accomplished by a fixed knife held tightly against a single ginning roller and a moving (reciprocating) knife that co-operates with the roller and fixed knife to separate the fibre from the seeds. The range of increase in short fibre content and nep (content/g) is found to be significantly higher in the sample below 100 mg. If feeding is done in the form of locule in the ginning machine, the fibre deterioration is significantly lesser as compared to feeding as kapas.
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The background to India's ginning and pressing factories is noted, with roller gins numbered at around 40,000 and saw gins around 1,200. The recent study by SITRA on saw gins is reported. The investigation was conducted on a saw gin installed near Coimbatore in a ginning factory with double roller gins of normal and jumbo types. Eight listed cotton types were processed, and fibres tested after ginning for fibre length and length uniformity, fibre cleanliness and presence of neps with the appropriate test instruments noted. A preliminary trial was conducted. Fibre quality attributes were described in comprehensive detail, with outcomes for trash, nep levels and fibre-seed separation. Yarn quality attributes were examined with nep levels in card sliver samples and carded yarns evaluated, with total yarn imperfections. It emerged that saw gins could be used very well for medium and long staple cottons though two problems were noted.
Productive Maintenance, a concept introduced from the USA, has three components: Preventive maintenance, corrective maintenance and maintenance prevention. When the aim is to restructure the corporate culture through the improvement of human resources and plant equipment it is termed Total Productive Maintenance (TPM). The authors argue that implementation of TPM in India could lead to greater customer satisfaction and cheaper production.
An experiment was run to determine the optimum frequency of the rotary knife on a roller gin stand. Six treatment levels of rotary knife frequency, 150, 300, 450, 600, 750, and 900 rpm, were chosen. (The manufacturer's specification for rotary knife frequency on the gin stand tested is 389 rpm.) The factors considered in determining the optimum rate included fiber and cottonseed quality, lint turnout, bale value, and ginning rate. There were no significant differences due to treatment with respect to fiber properties. Overall, fiber strength and elongation by the Stelometer averaged 27.8 g/tex and 6.98%, respectively; fiber span length and uniformity by the Fibrograph averaged 3.52 cm (1.38 in.) and 47.5, respectively; and fiber grade, staple, and micronaire by the USDA-AMS Classing office averaged 2.17, 46.8 32nd-in., and 38.1, respectively. These fiber properties are on samples taken from the bale and included two mill-type/air-jet lint cleaners. With the exception of linters content, there were no significant differences due to treatment on the cottonseed properties. Overall, foreign matter content of the cottonseed averaged 2.16%, and cottonseed grade averaged 114. Linters content ranged from 1.67 to 2.88% on the 300 and 900 rpm treatment, respectively. Lint turnout and bale value were not significantly different due to treatment, averaging 35.3% and $438.71 overall. Ginning rate was significantly different due to treatment; the highest rate occurred on the 300 rpm treatment and was 350 kg/m/h (1.90 bales/h). Using regression analysis, the optimum rotary knife frequency occurs at 269 rpm. At rotary knife frequencies less than 269 rpm, some of the ginning area on the roller is wasted, and roller damage is possible due to tags that cannot be cleared. At rotary knife frequencies greater than 269 rpm, compromises are made between ginning rate, seed cotton carryover, and choke-ups.