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Fruit properties of promising rose hips (Rosa spp.) from the North-eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey
Abstract
This study was conducted to select promising Rose hip (Rosa spp.) phenotypes in an area situated in North-eastern Anatolia of Turkey from 1993 to 1995. The native rose hip populations consisted of approximately 2500 seedling shrubs and were examined with regard to shrub and fruit properties. Among phenotypes, nine of these, three Rosa dumalis, two Rosa canina and one Rosa hirtissima, Rosa pisiformis, Rosa villosa and Rosa montana found to be superior were selected and evaluated for fruit characteristics. Promising selections exhibited a range of 3.01-5.49 g fruit weight, 61.67-74.20% fruit flesh ratio, 29.02-37.09% total soluble solid and 348-911 mg/100 g ascorbic acid, respectively. These results suggest that the rose hips selected may be suitable for commercial cultivation in the region.
... Commersialisation of products derived from the fruits of dogroses has instead mainly involved the harvesting of wild-growing plants that are either indigenous, e.g., in Germany (Graf and Kreß, 1996), Turkey (Ercisli and Güleryuz, 2006) and Azerbaijan (Shamsizade and Novruzov, 2005) or naturalised, e.g. in Chile (Joublan and Rios, 2005). Recently, dogrose orchards have, however, been planted in Scandinavia, eastern Europe including Turkey, and Chile, using material originating from selections among wild-growing plants (Joublan and Rios, 2005;Kovacs et al., 2005;Uggla and Martinsson 2005;Ercisli and Güleryuz, 2006). ...
... Commersialisation of products derived from the fruits of dogroses has instead mainly involved the harvesting of wild-growing plants that are either indigenous, e.g., in Germany (Graf and Kreß, 1996), Turkey (Ercisli and Güleryuz, 2006) and Azerbaijan (Shamsizade and Novruzov, 2005) or naturalised, e.g. in Chile (Joublan and Rios, 2005). Recently, dogrose orchards have, however, been planted in Scandinavia, eastern Europe including Turkey, and Chile, using material originating from selections among wild-growing plants (Joublan and Rios, 2005;Kovacs et al., 2005;Uggla and Martinsson 2005;Ercisli and Güleryuz, 2006). Only a few of these selections have been named, and their cultivation may still be restricted to a certain grower organization or company, as is the case for 'Hyben Vital Lito' (http://www.hybenvital.com/info/plantning.html) developed in Denmark and grown for production of a food supplement with medicinal properties. ...
... 225 tonnes DW (Shamsizade and Novruzov 2005). Large-scale harvesting and processing of rosehips from wild-growing dogroses is undertaken also in Eastern Turkey (Ercisli and Güleryuz, 2006). ...
Introduction Taxonomy Utilization Production Genetics and Breeding Summary Literature Cited
... Hips include average 40 seeds per fruit. Approximately 30 -35% of fruit is made up of seed while the remaining 65 -70% is pericarp (Ercisli and Guleryuz, 2006). Turkey has a long history of rose hip cultivation. ...
... Despite their wide usage in the Turkey, no standard rose hip cultivars has been developed in Turkey (Ercisli, 2005). Several studies on the pomological diversity of rose hip genotypes of Turkey have been conducted (Kara and Gercekcioglu, 1992; Sen and Gunes, 1996; Ercisli and Guleryuz, 2006). Rose hip populations are large and diverse in Van region and selection studies are needed to assess variation. ...
A few temperate zone fruit species such as apples, pears, apricots and cherries dominate the fruit production in Eastern Anatolia region in Turkey, while the other species (e.g rose hip, hawthorn, sea buckthorn etc.) are less known. Native species grown in their natural ecosystems could be exploited as new foods, valuable natural compounds and derivatives. In the last few years, interest in the rose hip as a fruit crop has increased considerably due to its nutritive and health promoting values. The study was conducted between 2005 and 2006. Among 5000 natural growing rose hip plants around the Van region were examined and among them 26 genotypes were selected. Thirteen genotypes belong to Rosa canina. The fruit weight, length and width of genotypes were ranged between 1.79 -4.95 g; 15.28 -33.83 mm and 13.11 -19.26 mm, respectively. Soluble solid content ranged from 17.73% (VRS132) to 28.45% (VRS 234). Ascorbic acid levels ranged between 517 to 1032 mg/100 ml. The phenotypically divergent genotypes identified in this study could be of much use in the future breeding program.
... Ubaydullayev and Gaffarov [32], in their assessment of 32 varieties from different rose species, found fruit lengths, diameters, and weights ranging from 19 to 35 mm, 14 to 21 mm, and 2.3 to 6.4 g, respectively, with fruit flesh proportions varying from 58.3% to 85.2%. Ercisli and Guleryuz [33] identified promising varieties with mesocarp-to-fruit ratios of 61.67-74.20%, supporting our findings. ...
Although they have been extensively studied in many species of the genus Rosa L., garden roses’ hips have largely been overlooked. To investigate their potential use in the food industry, this study evaluated five cultivars from ‘Aurora’ collection: ‘Purple Aurora’, ‘Berry Bush Aurora’, ‘Aromatic Aurora’, ‘Butterfly Aurora’, and ‘Rugose White Aurora’. Morphological characterization, along with the assessment of the phenolic profile, vitamin C levels, and biological activities—including antioxidant and neuroprotective effects—was conducted. The fruit mass reached 5.15 g, while the mesocarp mass ranged from 3 to 4 g, resulting in a mesocarp-to-fruit ratio of over 75%. The total phenolic content ranged from 37.1 to 63.9 mg GAE/g de, while total flavonoids were present in amounts from 0.85 to 2.14 mg QE/g de. Rosehip extracts from four out of five cultivars exhibited a very high vitamin C content, reaching 2384 µg/g fw. Quinic acid and 31 phenolic compounds were found in the rosehip extract of at least one cultivar. Results indicated ‘Aurora’ rosehips have potent antioxidant properties and a moderate inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase, highlighting their potential as a source of functional food. Additional research is needed to fully leverage these benefits and establish garden rosehips as a viable alternative to synthetic antioxidants.
... Rose hip fruits include averagely 40 seeds per fruit. About 30-35% of the fruit consists of seed and the remaining 65-70% is pericarp 6 . ...
... It has been observed that ADY5 genotype's vitamin C content was close to ADY2 genotype. It has been determined that vitamin C content of rosehip genotypes ranged between 73-987 mg/100 g in Van (Kazankaya et al. 2001), 517-1032 mg/100 g (Celik et al. 2009), 406-993 mg/100 g (Yıldız and Çelik 2011), 132-1273 mg/100 g in Gümüşhane (Ercişli and Güleryüz 2006), 133-266 mg/100 g in Izmir (Mısırlı et al. 1999), 283-1173 mg/100 g in Tokat (Güneş andŞen 2001), 1074-2557 mg/100 g in Erzurum (Ercişli and Eşitken 2004), 109-909 mg/100 g in Amasya (Güneş and Dölek 2010) and 301-1183 mg/100 g in Eastern Anatolian Region (Kazankaya et al. 2005). The results of these studies held in various parts of Turkey were parallel to the vitamin C contents of rosehip genotypes in Adıyaman province. ...
Turkey is an important gene centre of rosehip populations and rosehip is naturally grown in the province of Adıyaman. This study has been conducted on rosehip fruits found in various altitudes in Adıyaman to determine the changes of their physico-chemical characteristics. The fruit weights of the genotypes used in the study ranged between 2.72 g–1.29 g, fruit width between 14.12–10.44 g and fruit length has ranged between 23.18 mm–18.62 mm. The rosehip genotypes to be processed to food are required to have a bulky fruit and a high amount of fruit flesh. The genotype with the highest fruit flesh ratio was found to have the lowest seed weight by 0.25 g, while the genotypes with the highest seed weight had this value ranging between 0.50–0.59 g. Rosehip genotypes dry matter ratio has ranged between 44.27 and 37.11%. While the a*, b*, C* and h° values of rosehip fruits had significant differences based on the genotypes, L* values had similarities. Genotypes had ranging WSDM contents of 33.56–22.50%, TA contents of 2.96–1.57%, pH values of 4.06–3.82, C vitamins of 782.34–352.16 mg/100 g, total phenol contents of 5.42–3.62 mg GAE/g DM and antioxidant activities of 113.60–56.80 µmol TE/g DM. The rosehip fruits containing high levels of fructose and glucose were found to be low in saccharose content. Fructose, glucose and saccharose contents of rosehip genotype fruits were found to be 22.93–16.86, 20.22–13.77 and 0–0.90 g/100 g DM, respectively. According to the outcomes of the study, physico-chemical characteristics of the rosehip fruits displayed significant differences, and these differences were affected by type, genotype and ecologic conditions.
... The fruits (rose hip) include average 40 seeds per fruit. Approximately 30-35 % of fruit made up of seed while the remaining 65-70 % is pericarp 6 . The seeds of rose hips are also considered a low-value by-product that may used in animal feeds as an energy source in diets in particular eastern part of Turkey where roses were abundant. ...
The metals content in seeds of six rose species (Rosa canina L., Rosa dumalis subsp. boissieri L., Rosa dumalis subsp. antalyensis L.. Rosa villosa subsp. villosa L., Rosa pisiformis (Christ) D. Sosn and Rosa pulverulanta Bieb.) which found in same collection orchard in Agricultural Faculty of Ataturk University were determined semi quantitatively by using Wave-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (WDXRF). A qualitative analysis of spectral peaks showed that there were differences among species in terms of percentage of P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Ba and Sr in its seeds.
... Çoruh valley holds a rich gene pool of rose plants in different agro-climatic regions but these resources are threatened by genetic erosion due to the drastic increase in human population. There is now a strong need for conserving the existing rose germplasm in Turkey (Ercisli and Güleryüz, 2006). İris spp. ...
In Ispir region of the Çoruh Valley, wild edible plants have been used as a source of food from ancient times onward. Some of them are used as sources of ethereal oils, natural dyes, tea, vegetable and other goods. Genera that are important in this regard and that have definite economic significance as well include: Fruit trees (Prunus, Mespilus, Malus, Cydonia, Amygdalus, Cerasus, Cornus, Coryllus, Sorbus, Crataegus, Juglans, Pyrus, Punica, Rosa, Morus and Rubus), herbs and plants with rich essential oils (Achillea, Artemisia, Origanum, Mentha, Thymus, Satureja, Sideritis, Melissa, Salvia, Angelica and Geranium spp.), medicinal plants (Crocus sativus, Datura stramonium, Foeniculum vulgare, Mentha pulegium, Peganum harmala, Rhamnus pallasii, Teucrium polium, Artemisia, Digitalis, Haplophyllum, Hyoscyamus, Linaria, Marrubium, Papaver, Pedicularis, Symphytum, Thymus and Verbascum spp.), dye plants (Alkanna tinctoria, Anchusa italica, Anthemis tinctoria, Isatis tinctoria, Rubia tinctoria), and horticultural plants (Allium, Asparagus, Bellevalia, Colchicum, Cyclamen, Fritillaria, Gagea, Gentiana, Galanthus, Gladiolus, Iris, Lilium, Orchis, Ornithogalum, Rosa, Scilla and Tulipa spp.). Most of the edible plants were used as wild vegetables (Plantago major, Prangos uechtritzi, Asphodelus ramosus, Malva sylvestris, Urtica dioica, Rheum ribes, Falcaria vulgaris, Trangopogon reticulates, Allium scorodoprasum, Atriplex parula, Helianthus tuberosus, Polygonum aviculare, Rumex acetocella, Rumex crispus, Rumex scutatus, Polygonum cognatum, Sinapsis arvensis, Portulaca oleraceae, Barberau vulgaris, Lepidium latifolium, Nasturtium officinale, Lactuca serriola, Mentha pulegium, as flavouring (Satureja, Thymus and Nepeta spp.) and for jam making (Rosa, Pyrus, Fragaria, Cornus, Crateagus, Cerasus, Rubus and Cydonia spp.). Some local wild plants such as Plantago minor, Polygonum bistorta, Astrodaucus orientalis, Camelina rumelica, Galium rotundifolium, Chenopodium album, Lathyrus tuberosus and Sisymbrium officinale have been used as food or vegetable in Ispir region
Keywords: Medicinal and aromatic plants, biological diversity, herbal tea, Çoruh Valley.
... Çoruh valley holds a rich gene pool of rose plants in different agro-climatic regions but these resources are threatened by genetic erosion due to the drastic increase in human population. There is now a strong need for conserving the existing rose germplasm in Turkey (Ercisli and Güleryüz, 2006). İris spp. ...
Wildlife tourism is one of the fastest growing tourism sectors worldwide. Ecotourism often considered an economic alternative for rural areas facing decreasing profits. Ecotourism promote conservation in ecologically fragile regions, benefit the economies of local communities, provide the public with a nature-based education experience and introduce visitors to local culture. In contrast to mass tourism, nature-based tourism is characterized by individualism, small tourist groups and geographically scattered supply of services, which makes economic and regional development evaluation difficult. Nature-based tourism already plays a role in maintaining the population in peripheral, rural locations and in bringing precious additional jobs to regions suffering from heavy structural unemployment. İspir region an important area for for-ecotourism activities such as Trekking and Nature Walks, Wildlife Viewing and River Cruise, yayla (high-altitude summer pasture) tourism, water sports, Discover the local flora and fauna, Botanical tourism, alpinizm, Adventure Sports, kayaking, horse riding, observation of natural life, Environmental Education, terrain bicycling, flora discoveries, Nature Camps, Eco-friendly Accommodation, Herbal Ecotourism, shooting, Angling or sport fishing, Cave exploration, Birdwatching and and camping.
Keywords: Ecotourism, botanical tourism, alpinizim, river cruise
... Çoruh valley holds a rich gene pool of rose plants in different agro-climatic regions but these resources are threatened by genetic erosion due to the drastic increase in human population. There is now a strong need for conserving the existing rose germplasm in Turkey (Ercisli and Güleryüz, 2006). İris spp. ...
Çoruh valley and İspir region contains rich biological diversity of plants, wildlife, and ecosystems. The valley with its varied agro-climatic conditions provide an ideal habitat for rich repository of number of medicinal and aromatic plants which provide raw material for medicinal and aromatic plants which provide raw material for drug of pharmaceuticals and medicinal and spices, herbal tea, soft drinks, food, perfume, cosmetic industry. Rich biodiversity and endemic species of these valuable ecoregions are unknown and not use by inhabitant, which desperately need more protection. Several important medicinal and aromatic and ornamental plants species are found in this region. It is considered that Thymus, Origanum, Satureja, Nepeta, Ziziphora, Melissa, Menta, Salvia, Ziziphora, İnula, Rubus, Colchicum, Cotoneaster, Crataegus, Pirus, Punica, Prunus, Sorbus, Rumex, Capparis, Rosa, Hypericum, Allium, Achillea, Anemone, Anthemis, Arctium, Artemisia, Asperula, Astragalus, Calamintha, Calendula, Cephalaria, Chelidonium, Chysanthemum, Colchicum, Consolida, Coriandrum, Crocus, Cyclamen, Dactylorhiza, Digitalis, Dianthus, Equisetum, Ferula, Filipendula, Fritillaria, Fumaria, Galanthus, Galium, Gentiana, Gladiolus, Glychirrza, Helichrysum, İris, Isatis, Juniperus, Linaria, Malva, Marrubium, Micromeria, Orchis, Paeonia, Papaver, Pedicularis, Plantago, Potentilla, Polygonum, Polygala, Primula, Rhamnus, Rhus, Sambucus, Scorzonera, Scutellaria, Sideritis, Stachys, Tanecetum, Teucrium, Trigonella, Tulipa, Tussilago, Verbascum, Verbena and Peganum species may be evaluated economically. Development and Protection of these rich biological diversity are very important living for people in the region.
Keywords: Medicinal and aromatic plants, biological diversity, endemic plant, herbal tea
... Rose hip fruits include averagely 40 seeds per fruit. About 30-35% of the fruit consists of seed and the remaining 65-70% is pericarp 6 . ...
The seed oil of rose hip is mainly used for cosmetic and medicinal purposes. This study deals with detecting the seed oil contents of five rose hip species growing in Hakkâri, Eastern Turkey. By GC, seed oil contents were determined as 4.97% for Rosa canina, 5.26% for Rosa dumalis var. boissieri, 6.59% for Rosa pulverulanta, 5.44% for Rosa iberica, and 7.95% for Rosa heckeliana subsp. vanheurckiana. Seeds contained 4.25-5.15% of palmitic acid, 0.22-0.89% of palmitoleic acid, 1.80-2.43% of stearic acid, 20.35-23.03% of oleic acid, 41.14-51.06% of linoleic acid, 19.66-23.83% of linolenic acid, and 0.94-1.29% of arachidic acid depending on the species. The contents of saturated fatty acid were between 7.39% (Rosa heckeliana subsp. vanheurciana) and 8.84% (Rosa dumalis var. boissieri). The contents of unsaturated fatty acids ranged from 83.28% (Rosa dumalis var. boissieri) to 91.57% (Rosa heckeliana subsp. vanheurciana). The oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids were major fatty acids in all rose hip species.
... The great nutritive and medicinal value of native populations of Rosa spp. are derived mainly from their chemical composition in sugars, proteins, lipids, tannins, pectin, organic acids, amino acids, essential oils and minerals (Celik et al., 2009; Chai and Ding, 1995; Daels-Rakotoarison et al., 2002; Erdurak-Kiliç et al., 2005; Ercisli and Guleryuz, 2006; Hornero-Mendez and Minquez-Mosquera, 2000; Olsson et al., 2005; Razungles et al., 1989; Uglla et al., 2003). Within Romanian flora there are known 29 spontaneous and subspontaneous species, and also 5 hybrids of Rosa L. genus. ...
There is great evidence regarding the beneficial influence of rose hips on human and animal health. In this respect, fruits of native populations of Rosa spp. collected from the northeastern part of Romania (400-1060 m altitude) were assayed for nutritional and some morphological properties, in order to select the best genotypes. The results show a great quantitative variability of analyzed genotypes, regarding dimensions and biochemical indicators as follow: ascorbic acid: 866.91 mg/100 g fw (R. rubiginosa), 615.98 mg/100 g fw (R. caesia); carotenes: 34.95 mg/100 g fw (R. subcanina), 24.64 mg/100 g fw (R. nitidula); protein content: 0.47 g/100 g fw (R. micrantha), 0.25 g/100 g fw (R. caesia); total sugars: 17.63 g/100 g fw (R. andegavensis), 11.55 g/100 g fw (R. caryophyllacea). The fruits length, width and dry weight were: 25 mm (R. canina), 12 mm (R. micrantha), 16.5 mm (R. corymbifera), 8 mm (R. micrantha) and 25% dry weight (R. rubiginosa), 38% dry weight (R. nitidula), respectively. The present study demonstrates the existence of a rich rose germplasm source in north-east area, with good biotechnological fruit quality, which recommends them as functional foods according to their chemical contents (R. rubiginosa, R. vosagiaca, R. subcanina, R. canina and R. caryophyllacea) and also as sources for natural colorants in food technology.
... The rosehip fruit (Rosa canina L.) is an excellent source of total phenols [13], vitamin C (300-4000 mg/100g) [6], carotenoids (497.6 mg/kg) [12], carbohydrates: glucose, sucrose and other sugars by 18-28% [22], organic acids: malic acid (9.8 %), citric acid (3 %), gallic acid (0.5 %) [18] and mineral substances [1,2,19,21]. ...
In order to obtain a probiotic dairy product, ROSALACT (manufactured fromcos milk, rosehip extract and liquorice extract), the growth of probiotic bacteria in a aqueous medicinal plant extracts medium was evaluated in this study. The fermentation process was performed at 42 °C, for about 5 hours, using a probiotic freeze dried culture's ABY 3 and ABT 5, supplied by Chr. Hansen laboratories, Denmark. Titratable acidity, pH values, lactose content and cfu/mL values were measured during incubation and storage period. Data's for the cell growth obtained during the incubation period was modelled by two sigmoidal functions, Gompertz and Logistic models, to evaluate similarities between the models. For all the samples, the Gompertz and Logistic equations were statistically sufficient to describe of the bacterial growth curve. For all modelated results by two sigmoidal functions, the correlation coefficient values were estimated between 0.9529 and 0.9999.
Strawberry is one of the important fruit crop of temperate region, hence its cultivation is gaining popularity in Kashmir valley. Yield and fruit quality of strawberry is influenced by a number of factors like growing environment, soil condition and cultivars. Growth and productivity of eight strawberry cultivars were studied during 2009-10 and 2010-11 growing seasons under open and polyhouse conditions at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Pulwama of South Kashmir. The study was conducted to identify the suitable environment for earliness and high production of good quality fruits. Under polyhouse conditions, first flower was produced by Tioga after 107 days of planting, whereas Catskill produced after 142 days in open conditions. Chandler produced flower for long duration (46.56 days) along with maximum number of flowers, i.e. 24.15 and 28.64 under both growing conditions, while in open conditions Confutura flowered for maximum number of days, i.e. 62.53 days. Maximum yield was obtained in open conditions from Chandler (2.41 kg/ plot) closely followed by Tioga (2.38 kg/ plot), while under polyhouse conditions Tioga (1.63 kg/ plot) yielded maximum followed by Chandler (1.62 kg/ plot). Strawberry fruits were of similar quality regardless of the growing condition, however, earliness in fruiting was evident under protected condition, which also provided protection from low temperatures and in turn, making its cultivation more remunerative. Yield was more under open conditions compared to protected conditions.
To identify promising sources of antioxidants, 22 fruit species were studied for total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity. The total phenolic content in fruits estimated as gallic acid equivalent (GAE) ranged from 2.64 mg per g dry weight (DW) for kiwifruit to 90.64 mg per g GAE for walnut. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in rose hip as 92.31 %, while the lowest was in orange (32.43 %), respectively. The antioxidant activity of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) were found 90.7 and 89.9 %, respectively. There was no correlation (R = 0.788) between total phenolic content and antioxidant activity among species. The results indicate the presence of significant antioxidant activity, which strongly affected by species in fruit families.
The use of plants to remove heavy metals-from soil (phytoremediation) is emerging as a cost-effective to conventional methods. The objective of this study was to investigate heavy metal uptake capacity of fruit flesh and seeds of 6 rose species (Rose canina, Rosa dumalis subsp. boissieri, Rosa dumalis subsp. antalyensis, Rosa villosa subsp. villosa, Rosa pisiformis and Rosa pulverulenta) of same age from a collection orchard in Erzurum city, Eastern part of Turkey. Results indicated that significant differences were found in terms of heavy metal uptake among species and fruit parts. Among species tested, Rosa pulverulenta were more effective for Cd, Al and Si uptake and Rosa dumalis subsp. boissieri for Ni uptake. According to results, Rosa pulverulenta could be useful for remediation of heavy metal from Cd, Al and Si contaminated area.
The experiment was conducted at the farmer’s okra field in Randomized Block Design with 8 treatments replicated thrice. The bio-efficacy of different novel insecticides against white fly revealed that among the treatments, seed treatment of imidacloprid 5 g/kg seed + neem Azal @ 5000 ppm spray + indoxacarb 75 g a.i/ha spray + Bacillus thuringiensis (Biolep) @1 kg/ha spray was significantly most effective treatment and reduced whitefly count by 63.01 - 52.13 and 52.45 - 42.34% at one and seven days after first and second spraying, respectively. However, imidacloprid 5 g/kg seed + neem Azal @ 5000 ppm + indoxacarb 75 g a.i/ha + Bt @ 1 kg/ ha combination was not so much effective treatment after 3rd spray as that was after 1st and 2nd spray of the insecticides and biopesticides.
The ornamental value of the rose flower is well-known, but rose plants have long been appreciated also for their fruits, the rosehips. These rosehips are sometimes harvested from cultivated or, more commonly, wild or naturalized stands to produce juice, dessert soup, jelly and other tasty products. Rosehips of especially the dogroses, i.e., Rosa sect. Caninae , have recently enjoyed a renewed interest due to their very high levels of antioxidant compounds, mainly polyphenols, but also carotenoids and vitamins B, C and E. Other important rosehip-producing species are found in sections Rosa and Gallicanae, as well as R. roxburghii in subgenus Platyrhodon. Medicinal preparations are presently produced and marketed for the treatment of, e.g., osteoarthritis and various stomach problems. The seeds contain high contents of unsaturated fatty acids, which are used for production of oils for skin treatment and as cosmetics. The amount and composition of bioactive compounds in rosehips vary greatly with genotype and environment. Breeding of improved dogrose genotypes or of intersectional hybrids is, however, complicated by the unique canina meiosis, resulting in widely different offspring in reciprocal crosses, and occasionally also producing offspring by apomixis. © 2015, International Society for Horticultural Science. All rights reserved.
Thirty six wild hip rose (Rosa canina L.) genotypes collected from different areas of Kashmir valley in India were assessed for overall diversity detecting similarities among important pomological, fruit quality and yield parameters. The genotypes differed significantly for these traits. Nine variables were scored and subjected to multivariate analysis. Results showed a considerable phenotypic diversity among hip rose genotypes in bush height (2.45-9.00 m), hip yield (0.75-7.5 kg/bush), fruit diameter (8.05-14.89 mm), fruit length (11.69-24.85 mm), fruit weight (0.46-2.20 g), fruit pulp weight (0.26-1.30 g), fruit: pulp ratio (44.05-89.37), seed number per hip (137) and TSS (29.8-39.6°Brix). The cluster analysis classified genotypes into six distinct groups according to their distinct characteristics. The groups I, II and III were found superior in terms of fruit characteristics and tree traits, whereas, I and VI were most diverse. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that traits related to fruit diameter, fruit weight, pulp weight, number of seeds per hip accounted for a large proportion of the observed variability and four genotypes, namely, ‘RH-PH-1’, ‘RH-OAF-18’ and RH-12 ‘RH-11’ were found superior for yield attributing traits.
A dog rose (Rosa canina L) is one of the most widespread wild species of the genus Rosa in our country, and fairly represented in the natural, rural and even urban areas. Although in the world a dog roses are studied, cultivated and refined, in Croatia its cultivation almost does not exists. In nature you can see major differences between plants, especially considering the size of the fruit, often in very small habitats. The study was conducted at 8 rose dog bushes at about 1 ha of abandoned experimental field 'Jazbina' in Zagreb. From each plant, 120 fruits were randomly collected at a technological maturity. The average fresh fruit weight ranged from 1.88 to 2.96 g, the average fresh flesh portion from 65.4 to 74.7 % and the average dry flesh matter content (after drying at 105 °C), in relation to the fresh fruit weight, from 22.9 to 28.6 %. The length, width, thickness, and shape of the fruits were significantly different (P≤0.05).
Since plants were grown in uniform climatic and edaphic conditions, it can be concluded that a relatively large phenotypic, and probably the genotypic variability of dog rose plants exists in such a small location. With the reasonable assumption that the Croatian territory has a lot of similar dog rose habitats, the results of this study indicate a rich genetic potential of dog rose, which could be used for initial selection of plants with superior characteristics intended to be introduced in cultivation.
This experiment was conducted to determine nutrient composition of rosehip seed and determine the effects of various chemical treatments on its nutritive value for ruminants. Three, 2 years old Awassi rams were incubated with rosehip seed subjected to no treatment, ammonization (4%), urea addition (4%) and NaOH treatment (1.5%). After 72 h incubation, ruminal disappearance and degradation kinetics of nutrients in response to different chemical treatment and treatment duration were analyzed using nonlinear model. Concentrations of DM, CP, NDF, ADF, ADL and crude ash were 95.05, 8.84, 60.00, 51.80, 29.91 and 3.49%, respectively, in untreated rosehip seed. Treatments significantly altered nutrient composition, especially protein content. Effective degradability of DM, CP, NDF and ADF were 29.1, 79.6, 9.3 and 4.8% for untreated rosehip seed; 25.7, 69.6, 1.0 and 6.2% for rosehip seed treated with 4% ammonia; 24.3, 83.4, 4.5 and 3.9% for rosehip seed treated with 4% urea and 1.28, 17.9, -1.3 and -8.6% for rosehip seed treated with 1.5% NaOH, respectively.
Propagation by seed may become an important means of obtaining material for commercial rosehip plantings. We have therefore applied some cheap and simple seed stratification treatments to improve seed germination, which is generally reported to be low in dogroses. A total of ca. 50000 seeds were divided into two groups. The first group was exposed to 20°C for 12 weeks followed by 12 weeks at 5°C, whereas the second group was exposed to 5°C for the entire 24 weeks. The resulting germination was registered in early summer. The remaining non-germinated seeds from both treatments were kept outdoors until the end of October and then at 5°C for 24 weeks. Again, the resulting germination was registered in early summer. Large interspecific differences were noted in overall germination percentages as well as in the response to the various treatments.
Turkey is one of the most significant and unique countries in the world from the point of view of plant genetic resources and plant diversity. Over 85 fruit species, including almost all the deciduous fruit species, most of the subtropical and some tropical fruit are grown. Matters regarding their distribution within the provinces, nomenclature, characteristics, ethnobotanical aspects and uses are discussed, as well as knowledge about the germplasm of those species of greater economic importance, namely Malus spp., Pyrus spp., Cydonia spp., Crataegus spp., Sorbus spp., Amygdalus spp., Prunus spp., Castanea sativa L., Coryllus spp., Pistacia spp., Juglans regia L., Ribes spp., Ficus spp., Morus spp., Punica granatum L., Rubus spp., Rosa spp., Fragaria spp., Cornus mas L. and Olea spp. Several tables and distribution maps of some fruit species in Turkey are included.