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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to measure the erect penile length and circumference in Korean males. The subjects (n = 279, mean age 26.8, range 20-38 years) were drawn from five colleges and seven companies in the Seoul metropolitan area. The data were collected using a modified standardised self-measurement technique on the erect penis. Measurement tools (paper tapes) were designed for user convenience and to minimise measurement errors. Respondents were carefully instructed how to use the tapes for measuring their penile size after self-stimulation. The distances between marks on the returned tapes were measured with a steel ruler to the nearest 1 mm. Mean length of the erect penis was 126.6 mm (95% Cl 125 to 128 mm, median 125 mm) and mean circumferences were 112.8 mm (95% Cl 83 to 141 mm, median 113 mm) at the base, 107.5 mm (95% Cl 78-137 mm, median 108 mm) at the shaft just below the shaft-glans junction, and 113.3 mm (95% Cl 77 to 146 mm, median 113 mm) at the glans. Measurement variations with age (20-24, 25-29 and over 30 years) were not statistically significant. These Korean men's penises on average had a more or less cylindrical shape which was narrower in the middle and they were smaller by all parameters than published samples of Caucasian men. Korean men need a wider range of condoms than is currently marketed to them.
... There have been lots of works on similar subject by several other researchers [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. ...
... Table 3 shows the mean minimum and maximum values of the measured dimensions of the human subjects; the mean penile length was 11.57±2.56 SD (range: [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] and the mean height was 176.00±5.12 (range: 168-184). ...
... From our results the average flaccid penile length 11.57±2.56 SD(range: [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. A study consisting of 500 men ages 18 to 60 published in the International Journal of Impotence Research found flaccid length to be 8.21 cm (3.23 in) [3]. ...
... Scientific research has sought to establish empirical data on the dimensions of the erect penis to examine a range of physiological and psychological issues. The collection and reporting of scientific data has been used to address the concerns of males regarding their normality (Jamison & Gebhard, 1988 ), particularly in response to increased reported dissatisfaction with phallus dimensions and request for surgical enhancement (da Ros et al., 1994); to investigate the relation between condom failure and penile dimensions (Han, Park, Lee, & Choi, 1999; Richters, This article was received, reviewed, and accepted for publication under the editorship of Richard Green. 1 Family and Child Psychology Research Centre, City University, London, England. 2 To whom correspondence should be addressed at Department of Primary Care and Population Sciences, University College and Royal Free School of Medicine, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, England; e-mail: r.harding@pcps.ucl.ac.uk. Gerofi, & Donovan, 1995; Tovey & Bonell, 1991 ); to evaluate the effectiveness of permanent elongation of the penis (Shealy, Cady, & Cox, 1995 ); to study the effects of aging on longitudinal deformation (Bondil, Costa, Daures, Louis, & Navratil, 1992); and to estimate sexual arousal among offenders in a sexual behavior clinic (Furr, 1991). ...
... However , variations between population groups have been identified. Men from different ethnic groups have been shown to have significantly different lengths of erect penis (Han et al., 1999; Wessells, Lue, & McAninch, 1995 World Health Organization [WHO], 1998). Therefore, it is important to take into account the ethnic composition of any sample. ...
... Therefore, it is important to take into account the ethnic composition of any sample. In addition, aging has been shown to significantly decrease the extensibility of the penis (Bondil et al., 1992; Delmas, Bondil, Dauge, Smet, & BocconGibod, 1991) although it has been shown that age does not affect the size of erection of fully developed adults (Han et al., 1999; Wessells et al., 1996 ). A relation between mean length of erect penis and circumcision has been identified, with circumcised men reporting a shorter mean penis length than those not circumcised (Richters et al., 1995 ). ...
Both physiological and self-measurement methods have been employed to collect data on the dimensions of the erect penis. However, self-measurement using paper strips has often been favored as a less intrusive and time-consuming method, despite the recognition of the increased chance of bias through exaggeration. The current study aimed to establish the test-retest reliability of measurement of the erect penis using paper strips in a sample of 312 gay men. The men were issued with color-coded measuring strips printed with instructions but no calibrations, and asked to measure both the length and circumference of their partners' erect penis. Three months later they were asked to repeat these measures. Mean length on first measurement was 15.3 cm and 15.2 cm on second measurement. Mean girth at first measurement was 12.5 cm and 12.6 cm at second measurement. Test-retest reliability of measurement was found to be moderately low at r = .60 for length and r = .53 for girth. No relation was found between measurement discrepancy and the age, social class, education, ethnicity, or employment status of the partner taking the measurements. Although self-measurement strips are both convenient and acceptable, and widely reported in the literature, they only have moderate test-retest reliability. This may be due to both natural variability in penis size within subjects over time and unreliability of the measurement method.
... The possibility of measuring the length of the penis and evaluating the measurement standards for the human population allows the necessary knowledge to resolve clinical situations related to dissatisfaction with its length [5,6], but, at the same time, may raise concerns about the normativity of this length and, with this, feelings of dissatisfaction or anxiety, such as the small penis syndrome, in which the man is ashamed because of the size of his penis [7], or still, penile dysmorphophobia that describes a condition where the man seeks aesthetic or medical-surgical treatment for believing that his penis is too short, even if both the measure and the sexual function are normal [8,9]. Given the scientific and academic importance of penile morphometry, it is possible to find several studies in literature, focusing mainly on the length and circumference of the penis [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18], making it possible to state that, according to the systematized data collected in a total of 15.521 men from around the world, on average, the measurements for length are: 9.16 cm (SD=1.57) while flaccid, 13.24 cm (SD=1.89) ...
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between penile morphometrics and erectile function in a sample of healthy Portuguese men. Methods: A sample of 1416 adult men with an average age of 39 years were surveyed and completed the following measures: socio-demographic questionnaire, penile morphometrics evaluation questionnaire, and the Portuguese version of the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5). Results: The average result for penis length was 16.75 cm (SD=2.25) and a circumference of 9.56 cm (SD=2.38). Levels of satisfaction with the morphometrics of the penis were relatively high (7.61 on a scale of 1 to 10, SD=1.87), as well as overall levels of erectile function (4.21 on a scale of 1 to 5; SD=0.61). Results showed a negative association between penis length and erectile function (r=-242; p<0.05), and positive association between the circumference and erectile function (r=0.183; p<0.05); penile length and circumcision was associated with less erectile function. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that penile morphometrics interferes with erectile function and this is an important source of information for professionals working in the male sexual health field.
... Most sexual literature available to doctors and men come from the Western world and thus may raise incorrect expectations and perceptions of normal sexual performance and genital size. The results presented here provide a useful baseline to help clinicians counselling men who desire to know where they stand among their fellows, to investigate the relationship between condom failure and penile dimensions, and or establish the change in size percentile following penile augmentation procedure, which is becoming a growing request in different populations with unclear indications and many complications [18][19][20]. The 50th percentile (median) FPL of the age groups 20-59 years was constant at 9 cm, with a reference range of normal values of 7-12 cm. ...
Objectives: To establish a baseline reference range for flaccid (FPL) and stretched penile lengths (SPL) in adult males and to compare with reports from different nationalities, as concerns over penile size are common among men and currently the number of men seeking help for the perceived problem of a ‘short’ penis is increasing.
Subjects and methods: Over a 1-year period, FPL and SPL measurements were taken from males undergoing medical examination in the outpatient clinic of the Al-Karama Teaching Hospital, using a rigid centimetre ruler. The correlation between penile length and age was investigated.
Results: In all, 223 apparently healthy males were included in this study with a mean (SD; range) age of 41.3 (15.0; 20–77) years. The mean (SD; range) FPL was 9.8 (2.0; 5–17) cm and the SPL was 12.6 (1.9; 7.5–19.5) cm. Statistical analysis showed that penile length is increased in older age (>55 years). A penile length nomogram was constructed, showing that the 50th percentiles of FPL and SPL were 9.0 and 12.5 cm, respectively.
Conclusion: Our data establish a baseline reference range for adult male penile lengths in the Capital of Iraq (Baghdad), which should be useful for urologists when counselling patients.
... Such a tool may be a helpful for clinicians to counsel men who desire to know where they lie within a normal distribution or to establish one's change in size percentile following a procedure claiming size augmentation. Building such a nomogram may also be of academic interestfor example to investigate the discrepancy between individuals perceived and actual penis size; or to investigate the relationship between condom failure and penile dimensions [14]. However, there have been no formal systematic reviews of penile size measurements and no attempts to combine the existing data into Accepted Article a definitive nomogram for flaccid and erect penile length and circumference (or "girth"). ...
Objectives
To systematically review and create nomograms on flaccid and erect penile size measurements.Methods
Study key eligibility criteria: measurement of penis size by a health professional using a standard procedure; a minimum of 50 participants per sampleExclusion criteria were samples with a congenital or acquired penile abnormality. previous surgery, complaint of small penis size or erectile dysfunctionSynthesis methods: Calculation of a weighted mean and pooled standard deviation and simulation of 20,000 observations from the normal distribution to generate nomograms of penis size.ResultsNomograms for flaccid pendulous (n = 10,704, mean 9.16cm, sd 1.57) and stretched length (n=14,160, mean 13.24cm, sd 1.89), erect length (n = 692, mean 13.12cm, sd 1.66), flaccid circumference (n = 9,407, mean 9.31cm, sd 0.90); and erect circumference (n = 381, mean 11.66cm, sd 1.10) were constructed.Consistent and strongest significant correlation was between flaccid stretched or erect length and height, which ranged from r = 0.2 to 0.6.Conclusionspenis size nomograms may be useful in clinical and therapeutic settings to counsel men and for academic research.Limitations: a relatively small number of erect measurements were conducted in a clinical setting and the greatest variability between studies was with flaccid stretched length.
This study compared failure rates of a standard-sized condom and a condom fitted to a man's penile length and circumference and assessed users' perceptions of condom acceptability and confidence in the efficacy of both condoms.
Using an experimental crossover design with Internet-based daily diaries, 820 men who wore at least one of each condom type reported outcomes and perceptions of condoms used during vaginal and anal intercourse events for which they were the insertive partner.
Breakage for fitted condoms (0.7%) was significantly less than for standard-sized condoms (1.4%). When assessed by penile dimensions, significantly less breakage of fitted condoms than standard-sized condoms was observed among men in the middle circumference category (12-13 cm) during anal intercourse (1.2% versus 5.6%), men in the larger circumference category (> or =14 cm) during vaginal intercourse (0.6% versus 2.6%), and men in the longer length category (> or =16 cm) for both vaginal (0.5% versus 2.5%) and anal (3.0% versus 9.8%) intercourse. More slippage upon withdrawal after vaginal intercourse occurred with fitted condoms among men in the middle penile length (1.9% versus 0.9%) and circumference (2.2% versus 0.7%) categories.
Fitted condoms may be valuable to sexually transmitted infection prevention efforts, particularly for men with larger penile dimensions. That fitted condoms slipped more for some men provides insights into the need for unique educational materials to accompany such products. Findings also highlight the need for participatory approaches between public health, condom manufacturers, and the retail industry to integrate fitted products into our work successfully.
Condom research conducted in the Dominican Republic, Ghana, Kenya, Mali, Mexico, Nepal, Sri Lanka and the United States shows that condom breakage rates during vaginal intercourse using lubricated latex condoms range from 0.6% of all condoms used in Sri Lanka to 13.3% in Ghana. Most research sites reported breakage rates below 5%. The rate at which the condom slipped off completely is as high as 9.3% in Kenya, with most of the remaining sites reporting rates below 4%. When breakage and slippage are combined, total condom failure rates range from 3.8% to 13.3%. Although such high condom failure rates may cause alarm, there is evidence that for a majority of users, condoms provide an effective method of preventing pregnancy and sexually transmitted disease infection if they are used correctly. The high overall breakage and slippage rates may be caused by incorrect behavior or by certain characteristics of a few participants.
Purpose:
We provide guidelines of penile length and circumference to assist in counseling patients considering penile augmentation.
Materials and methods:
We prospectively measured flaccid and erect penile dimensions in 80 physically normal men before and after pharmacological erection.
Results:
Mean flaccid length was 8.8 cm., stretched length 12.4 cm. and erect length 12.9 cm. Neither patient age nor size of the flaccid penis accurately predicted erectile length. Stretched length most closely correlated with erect length.
Conclusions:
Only men with a flaccid length of less than 4 cm., or a stretched or erect length of less than 7.5 cm. should be considered candidates for penile lengthening.
Although millions of couples rely on male latex condoms to protect against unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections, their use is limited in part by questions about their performance. Rates of condom breakage and slippage, two measures of performance, vary broadly across studies. This variation in part reflects study variability and limitations, including sample size, reliance on subjects' memory, user populations, and products evaluated. In an effort to define condom performance in a group of monogamous couples typical of those using condoms for contraception, we conducted a clinical trial of a single brand of lubricated condoms (Durex Ramses). A total of 4637 attempts to use the condom were evaluated. Six breaks occurred before intercourse (nonclinical breaks), and 10 condoms broke during intercourse or were only noted to have broken upon withdrawal (clinical breaks), resulting in a nonclinical breakage rate of 0.13% (95% confidence interval, 0.05-0.28%), clinical breakage rate of 0.28% (0.15-0.48%), and a total breakage rate of 0.41% (0.25-0.64%). The rate of complete slippage was 0.63% (0.42-0.90%), and total failure (clinical breaks plus complete slips) was 1.04% (0.76-1.37%). These rates are lower than those in other studies with the exception of one, a prospective investigation in a population of female prostitutes. Results indicate that condoms can, in experienced, motivated populations, provide excellent performance and suggest that their efficacy at preventing pregnancy may equal that of the most reliable forms of contraception. Because this study involved a single condom brand, these results may not be generalizable to other brands.
This study examined the effect of penis dimensions on the probability of complete condom slippage and condom breakage in actual use. Men were recruited through advertising, used the condoms supplied and completed a diary sheet for each condom used. A total of 3658 condoms were used by 184 men of which 1.34% broke and 2.05% slipped off. No significant effect was demonstrated for penile dimensions on the probability of complete condom slippage. However, condom breakage was strongly associated with penile circumference. These findings suggest that condom manufacturers may need to increase the range of condom sizes available, or some aspects of their performance, in order to ensure that condoms meet the needs of all men without unduly exposing them to risk.
PIP
Anecdotal reports suggest large penis size may be associated with condom breakage, while small penis size increases the risk of condom slippage. The effect of penis dimensions on the likelihood of both these events was investigated in 184 male volunteers recruited through advertisements and posters in Victoria, Australia. Each participant was provided with 12 condoms at a time and instructed to complete a diary sheet for each condom. According to self-measurements, men had a mean total penis length of 15.71 cm and a mean basal circumference of 13.19 cm. Of the 3658 condoms used by these men, 49 (1.34%) broke and 73 (2.05%) slipped. 30 men (16.3%) experienced at least one instance of breakage and 35 (19.0%) experienced complete slippage. There was no evidence for an effect of penis length or circumference on condom slippage. Condom breakage, on the other hand, was strongly associated with penis circumference. Each additional centimeter of penile circumference increased the risk of condom breakage by 50-100%. This finding suggests a need to increase either the range of condom sizes available or the lateral extension of currently available condoms.