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Two new species of Ethmia Hübner from China (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae: Ethmiinae)
Abstract
Two new species Ethmia antennipilosa and E. cribravia from Guangxi and Yunnan provinces of China are described. Photographs of the adults and genital structures are provided.
... Ethmia cribravia was described by Wang and Li (2004) ten years ago, based on three male specimens from Yunnan Province of China. In the collection of the Hungarian Natural History Museum (Budapest) we found two male and two female specimens of this little-known species. ...
The previously unknown female of Ethmia cribravia Wang and Li, a species known from Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated with colour photographs of the habitus, as well as images of genitalia mounted on slides. The species is sexually dimorphic, with the male having prominent androconial scales on the hindwing.
... Two prominent black streaks in the forewing pattern of E. falkovitshi sp. n. easily distinguishes it from other moths of the distigmatella species group (quadrinotella Mann, 1861; quadrinotella atticella Caradja, 1920;galaxaea Meyrick, 1922;quinquenotella Chrétien, 1915; quadrinotella heratella Amsel, 1969 rouana Yang, 1977, andcribravia Wang &Li, 2004). In male genitalia the new species (Fig. 4a, b) is very similar to E. q. quadrinotella (Mann, 1861), differing in the shape of the valva being more round. ...
Three new species of Ethmiidae are described from Central Asia: Ethmia falkovitshi sp. n. (type locality: Western Kazakhstan, Mangistau Region, N 43°44'04'' E 53°37'17", in coll. ZISP), E. nykta sp. n. (type locality: Southwest China, Sichuan, Chang Jiang river basin, environs Bana-Dzhun, in coll. ZISP), and E. albollnella sp. n. (type locality: Southwest China, Sichuan, Chang Jiang river basin, environs Bana-Dzhun, in coll. ZISP). Images of the adults and genitalia structures of type specimens of the little-known E. vidua flavilaterella Danilevsky, 1975, E. soljanikovi Danilevsky & Zaguljaev, 1975, E. sibirica Danilevsky, 1975, E. ubsensis Zagulajev, 1975, E. elimatella Danilevsky, 1975, Dasyethmia Mentalis Danilevsky, 1969, and E. zaguljaevi Kostjuk, 1980 are given. The previously unknown females of E. elimatella Danilevsky, 1975 and E. turkmeniella Dubatolov & Ustjuzhanin, 1998 are described. The species E. turkmeniella Dubatolov & Ustjuzhanin, 1998, originally described from Turkmenistan, is found in Kalmyk Republic and is therefore new for Russia and Europe.
... Historically the higher classification of the MINGO et al. (2003) (Europe), have increased the species number in the fauna up to 29. The Oriental fauna was first assessed in SATTLER's (1967) work and subsequently studied by DIAKONOFF (1969), YANG (1977), LIU (1980), andZHENG (1997), KUN and SZABÓKY (2000), KUN (2001KUN ( , 2002KUN ( , 2004 and WANG and LI (2004). The New World fauna comprises about 140 species in 3 genera, about a half of the world fauna (POWELL 1973, CAPUSE 1981, HEPPNER 1988. ...
The subfamily Ethmiinae is a microlepidopteran group comprising more than 350 species in seven genera worldwide. The core genus Ethmia comprises 47 species-groups and many species unassigned to species groups. Their hostplant associations involve at least seven angiosperm families, of which Boraginaceae is utilized by the majority of the species. We attempted to reconstruct the phylogeny of the Ethmiinae to elucidate if the high diversity of Ethmia correlates with colonization on Boraginaceae. We first selected 52 Ethmia species having host-plant records to represent 21 of the 47 species-groups and used
Orophia, Depressaria, Agonopterix, Chrysethmia and Agrioceros as the outgroups. Seventy six adult morphological characters were identified and were partitioned into two subsets, non-colour patterns versus
colour pattern, to detect the impact of colour pattern characters on the phylogenetic structure. We employed maximum parsimony method to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of the Ethmiinae and found that neither the genus Ethmia nor most species-groups proposed by previous authors are monophyletic. The characters relevant to colour patterns produced significant effects on the tree topology, although the wing patterns may not be involved in mimicry. Optimalization of host associations reveals that the clades using Hydrophylaceae, Rosaceae, Phytolaccaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Ranunculaceae, and Malvaceae have evolved independently from the clade using Boraginaceae.
One new species of the genus Ethmia Hübner [1819], viz. E. apispinata sp. nov., is described based on the specimens collected in Yunnan Province; two new synonyms are proposed: Ethmia pseudozygospila Kun & Szabóky, 2000, syn. nov. (= E. guangzhouensis Liu, 1980), and Ethmia amissus Kun, 2001, syn. nov. (= E. pingxiangensis Liu, 1980); the male of E. pingxiangensis is described for the first time. Images of adults and illustrations of genitalia are provided.
The characterization of the Ethmiinae species of Taiwan, with the descriptions of Ethmia penesella sp. n., E. pseudozygospila sp. n. and E. susa sp. n. are given. The taxonomic status of E. okinawana (MATSUMURA, 1931) is revised, the male genitalia of E. zygospila MEYRICK and E. octanoma MEYRICK are described and illustrated for the first time. With 56 figures.
The purpose of this work was to develop and characterize a protein and peptide injectable drug delivery system in agarose hydrogel nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were prepared by using a new emulsion-converted-to-suspension in situ method. This is an emulsifier-free method that has advantages for protein and peptide drug encapsulations. Ovalbumin, used as a model protein drug, was successfully encapsulated into nearly spherical agarose hydrogel nanoparticles under mild conditions. The nanoparticles possessed a log-normal size distribution with an average size of 504 nm. They imbibed a large amount of water (66.85% to 84.33%) and the water content was a function of temperature; the water content increased with increase in temperature. Release studies of the ovalbumin from the agarose hydrogel nanoparticles revealed a diffusion-controlled release mechanism with a temperature dependence; the ovalbumin release rate was higher at 37 degrees C than that at room temperature. The great biocompatibility of agarose hydrogel, plus the mild conditions for drug encapsulation, make the agarose hydrogel nanoparticles a potential system for protein and peptide drug delivery.