Article

Place Matters: An Investigation of Farmers' Attachment to Their Land

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Abstract

Place attachment research can shed light on how farmers form relationships with their land and therefore have implications for landscape management and food systems. Unknown is how farmers develop place attachment. In this qualitative study, we examine psychological and physical experiences as antecedents to place attachment using attachment theory. Following 29 semi-structured interviews with 34 respondents in Upcountry South Carolina, we examined farmers’ security-seeking and exploration behaviors. Farmers receive security through feelings of peace and safety while on their farm and provide economic security to their families and environmental security to their land. Farmers’ exploring behaviors include trying to be more innovative in sustainable management of their land. This research helps elucidate how farmers develop attachment. It has implications for how farmers manage their resources as well as understanding the environmental, social, and economic impacts of these decisions and land conservation in the American south.

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... Foresight or prospective analysis is a systematic approach to anticipating and preparing for the future (Prager and Wiebe, 2021 [147]; Popper, 2023 [148]). It uses various tools and methods, both quantitative and qualitative, to identify emerging trends, uncertainties, and potential disruptions, moving beyond prior data predictions to evidence-based plausible futures (Wiebe et al., 2018[149]). ...
... The studies typically adopt a midto long-term perspective and seek to anticipate developments that will likely occur over several years. Taking a comprehensive approach allows for systematic consideration of scenarios to anticipate and prepare for future agricultural developments and can thus be helpful in understanding the future and the upcoming challenges of farming, and combining global trends with local solutions and policies (Prager and Wiebe, 2021 [147]). Foresight analysis also helps in shaping the future of agriculture, informing decisionmakers and policy design to craft effective policies to improve productivity and sustainability (Wiebe et al., 2018[149]; Barrett et al., 2021[150]) and is often used by governments, international organisations, and private companies. ...
... Prager and Wiebe (2021 [147]) discussed how alternative investments in agricultural research may function given anticipated futures associated with various drivers, such as climate change, increasing wealth, and changing policy environment. Other studies linked digitalisation scenarios with environmental sustainability. ...
Technical Report
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New entrants into agriculture are critical for the transformation of food systems. New entrants in OECD countries are younger, have higher levels of education and entrepreneurial skills, and are more likely to adopt new technologies than those already working in the sector. Yet, negative perceptions of farming, limited access to capital and land, lower access to services and regulatory complexities can all deter the entry to the sector. Digital technologies can make agriculture more attractive by reducing arduous tasks and health risks, enhancing working conditions, and supporting on-farm income diversification. Foresight analysis of macro trends and challenges to a digitalised, sustainable and inclusive future can be a useful tool to help anticipate farmer skills needs and transform mindsets. Governments can facilitate new entrants in agriculture, including by investing in human capital, improving digital infrastructure services, promoting innovation systems, and removing barriers to entry.
... Farmers can form a separate attachment to each of these elements (farms) in a special way. At the same time, some people believed that for farmers, land is not only a space to provide them with life, work, entertainment, and social communication, but also a place with symbolic significance and repositories of emotion [22,36,37]. Therefore, land attachment can be said to be place attachment in a narrow sense, which refers to the positive emotional relationship between people and land [38]. ...
... Carr [40] found that Chaga women on Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania have a deep attachment to their land and home. Quinn and Halfacre [22] also found that both farmers living on their own land and farmers renting land have a strong attachment to land. ...
... Why do farmers get attached to their land? Because land brings not only a living environment and material output [22,40], but also social relations and social identity [47]. What impact does land attachment have on farmers' behavior? ...
Article
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It is of great significance to explore the influencing factors of land flow to promote moderate-scale agricultural operation. However, few studies have explored the quantitative influences of land attachment and intergenerational difference on land transfer. Based on the survey data of 540 rural households in Sichuan Province, this study uses factor analysis method to divide land attachment into land satisfaction, land rootedness, and land dependence, and further empirically tests the impact mechanism of land attachment and intergenerational difference on land flow by using Probit model and Tobit model. The results are as follow: (1) land attachment is significantly correlated with land flow-out, but not with land flow-in. (2) Different dimensions of land attachment have different impacts on land flow-out. Among them, land rootedness and land dependence have significant negative impacts on farmers’ land flow-out behavior and land flow-out area, while land satisfaction has a significant positive impact on farmers’ land flow-out behavior and has no significant impact on the land flow-out area. (3) Different generations of land attachment have different impacts on land flow-out. Among them, the land attachment of the new-generation farmers has no significant impact on land flow-out. Among middle-aged farmers, land dependence had a significant negative impact on land flow-out behavior and area, and land rootedness had a significant negative impact on land flow-out behavior; however, land satisfaction had a significant positive impact on land flow-out behavior and area. Among the older generation of farmers, land dependence has a significant negative impact on land flow-out behavior and area, while land satisfaction and land rootedness have no significant impact on land flow-out behavior and area. Therefore, in promoting the practice of land flow, we should pay attention to the differences of farmers’ emotional demands, improve the supporting policies of land flow by classification, reduce farmers’ dependence on “land security”, solve farmers’ concerns on land flow, and promote the rational flow of land factors.
... The existing research has demonstrated that landowners may develop a strong emotional connection to their land, which has important implications on their land-management decisions (Gruver et al., 2017;Selinske et al., 2015). However, the mechanisms through which landowners construct this emotional connection have been largely neglected in research (Quinn & Halfacre, 2014). In particular, the psychological sense of ownership as a potentially influential construct to understand the ownerland relationship requires further investigation. ...
... By considering agricultural production their lifestyle, landowners feel proud of their occupation, which they often view as enjoyable and fulfilling (Sorice et al., 2012). For example, Quinn and Halfacre (2014) have found that South Carolina farmers describe working on the land as a recreational, restorative and therapeutic activity. From the analysis of the interviews with the farmers, Quinn and Halfacre (2014) concluded that through sustainable farming operations, land provides security for the families and a family legacy for generations to come. ...
... For example, Quinn and Halfacre (2014) have found that South Carolina farmers describe working on the land as a recreational, restorative and therapeutic activity. From the analysis of the interviews with the farmers, Quinn and Halfacre (2014) concluded that through sustainable farming operations, land provides security for the families and a family legacy for generations to come. ...
Article
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Land fragmentation and conversion compromise the integrity of the privately-owned landscape nationwide. Landowners’ choices and actions play a critical role in these dynamics. To better understand these individuals’ land-management behaviors, this phenomenological study used the theory of psychological ownership to explore landowners’ lived experiences with their properties. We conducted nine semi-structured interviews with landowners holding properties in the Hill Country region of Texas, the leading state in the loss of agricultural land. Our results showed that the owner-land relationship extends beyond feelings of psychological ownership by embracing a combination of human-centered and nature-centered philosophies. With the current study, we expand the understanding of socio-psychological dimensions of landownership by providing a detailed examination of landowners’ personal contexts, experiences, conservation views, and other factors associated with owning land. We conclude by providing a definition of landownership as a socio-psychological phenomenon.
... Farmers who choose to work outside the home are also usually reluctant to transfer their farmland for reconfiguration (Ito et al., 2016). The phenomenon stems from the instability of many migrant workers' occupations within cities, prompting them to retain farmland as a safety net against potential unemployment (Quinn and Halfacre, 2014). Nevertheless, once the right to farmland was established, individuals increasingly personalized its ownership, perceiving it as a source of anticipated income and thus favoring farmland abandonment over its transfer (Dehnert and Gunkel, 2023). ...
... The results indicate that farmers experiencing famine are more likely to choose to abandon their farmland and leave it uncultivated as they migrate to urban areas. This phenomenon stems from the precariousness of many migrant workers' careers in the city, which leads them to retain farmland as a safety net against potential unemployment (Quinn and Halfacre, 2014). They are more likely to abandon their farmland rather than leave it to be farmed by others (Dehnert and Gunkel, 2023). ...
Article
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The growing severity of farmland abandonment in rural areas has sparked concerns about the lack of people willing to cultivate the land. This study attempts to find the endogenous factors of farmland land abandonment among Chinese farmers and to curb land degradation to stabilize food security. Based on the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey (2016–2018), this paper explores the effect of famine experience on farmland abandonment using logit and DID models. We find that famine experience does increase the probability and extent of farmland abandonment, and undergo a series of robustness tests. We also find that the famine stigma effect increases the likelihood and extent of farmland abandonment by increasing risk aversion and reducing social trust and investment in agriculture. The growth of urbanization in China worsens the effects of famine, whereas local communal production services remove the effects of famine. The overall findings of this study provide useful insights for the government to protect land quality and food security and to carefully consider the role played by communities.
... Consequently, studying female family succession might be crucial to open the debate about women in leadership positions and women's land ownership, extending beyond women workers. Through emphasizing the uniqueness of this specific setting, including owners' attachment to their land (Quinn and Halfacre 2014), sociocultural specificities, family traditions and heritage, and gender inequality prevalent in rural areas… ...
... Turning the attention to a specific context, we suggest studying their willingness to take over agricultural family businesses. According to Quinn and Halfacre (2014), owners often have a strong attachment to their lands. Consequently, investigating this unique aspect could provide a better understanding of the distinction between a regular family business and a farm family business. ...
Article
Although CEO succession literature has witnessed a momentous evolution in the last few decades, research on female succession remains fragmented and limited. This comprehensive study aims to overview the existing knowledge on women in family firm succession. We systematically reviewed 62 papers published in 28 academic peer-reviewed journals from 1990 to 2022 in Scopus database. To begin with, we highlighted theoretical lenses, methodological approaches, and geographical focus investigated in this field. Later, through content analysis, we classified and structured the articles under investigation into four major thematic clusters: (1) Factors influencing women’s succession, (2) Female succession process, (3) Women’s roles in the business transfer, and (4) Female’s identity and legitimacy construction. Beyond that, we provided a comprehensive structured view (thematic map) of the state-of-the-art, including three levels (antecedents, process, and outcomes), to guide next-generation researchers. Finally, we revealed scientific voids in the current literature on female succession and offered prominent insights for future research in this field.
... Places can be narrated in discourse, and they can also be constructed in shared practice. Lived experiences that are shared by a community within a location infuse the physical environment with shared and individual meanings ( Dominy, 2001 ;Gray, 2011 ;Grubb, 2005 ;Marshall & Foster, 2002;Quinn & Halfacre, 2014 ). ...
... The various tasks involved with raising goats and sheep have ordered their social life and behavior to the point that it has become their very identity. This is similar to what Dominy (2001 ), Quinn and Halfacre (2014 ), Gray (2011 ), andGrubb (2005 ) found in their studies on how shared lived experiences revolving around activities such as farming, shepherding, and fi shing can connect people to the land and shape individual and group identity. "Identity and belonging can thus be created, constructed, shaped, and maintained through engaging in practices and behaviors that connect individuals to particular landscapes" ( Sampson & Goodrich, 2009 , p. 904). ...
Chapter
Communities in the Jazan mountains of southern Saudi Arabia experience language discrimination through an uneven distribution of the communication burden and the stigmatization of their way of speaking. This study examines how residents of Harūb, a community in the Jazan mountains, deal with marginality. Using a discourse analysis approach, this study explores how individuals in Harūb use linguistic and place-making resources to construct belonging through the discursive construction of the social category Badu. As forces of modernization have dislocated the communities in the Jazan mountains and positioned them in the margins, language and place have become increasingly meaningful. In response, through everyday communication, values connected to their traditional subsistence farming and shepherding lifestyle such as self-sufficiency and freedom are drawn on to imbue the mountains with these values. In turn, place becomes a symbol as well as a resource for defining Badu identity. Through engaging in the politics of belonging, constructing belongingness, and place-making, the people in Harūb put themselves back in the “center” giving themselves a place to belong.
... As discussed, low attachment, and an individualistic culture, can improve OWB by granting individuals' greater control over their investments, and reducing obligations to share resources (Di Falco and Bulte, 2009). "when people think individually they know the consequences of every decision … they are very analytical in making economic decisions … But if it is a group it is for nobody … that attachment … is not the same" (3,DPO) However, low attachment can limit access to cultural ecosystem services, nature-based mental health benefits (Grinde and Patil, 2009;Heerwagen, 2009;Ingulli and Lindbloom, 2013;Wolsko and Lindberg, 2013) and higher levels of community togetherness, which are important components of SWB (Quinn and Halfacre, 2014;Ma et al., 2022;Schutte et al., 2022). ...
Article
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Introduction Despite a growing interest in the measurement and conceptualization of wellbeing, the integration within sustainability research, and the understanding of how different wellbeing outcomes relate, is limited. Many studies focus on singular, often objectively measured, outcomes, without acknowledging the breadth of available measures. This approach can result in crucial subjective information, which can be explored to understand actors’ behaviors and responses, being omitted from research and policy. This study explores objective and subjective wellbeing outcomes, and how they relate, within an environmentally vulnerable context. Wellbeing and environmental services are intrinsically interlinked, therefore, appropriate policy solutions are required to address human needs and pressures on supporting ecosystems. Methods This paper uses binary logistic regression modelling, and qualitative participatory rural appraisal methods, to understand the environmental conditions, including climatic hazards and landscape characteristics, associated with households experiencing different objective/subjective wellbeing outcomes within Volta Delta, Ghana. Results The mixed method approach highlights a differing relationship between inland agricultural areas impacted by drought and erosion, and coastal/riverine, peri-urban landscapes exposed to flooding and salinization. Agricultural areas associate with “poor but happy” outcomes, whereas peri-urban landscapes associate with being “non-poor but unhappy.” Drawing on existing literature, and both quantitative and qualitative results, these varying outcomes are hypothesized to be driven by differences in livelihood vulnerability, relative comparisons to others, responses to climatic hazards, and individualistic/collective wellbeing conceptualizations. Discussion Our study concludes that environmental conditions influence objective and subjective wellbeing through different mechanisms. Sustainable development research should incorporate both objective and subjective measures when implementing and monitoring policy to more comprehensibly capture, and improve, wellbeing in environmentally vulnerable locations.
... On reflection, farmers want their children to continue their family farms and therefore prepare their children for that occurrence (Coopmans et al., 2021;Hicks et al., 2012;Suess-Reyes & Fuetsch, 2016). This means that some farmers still want their children to have a future in farming, at least in our study area, which emphasised the strong sense of place and attachment to the land and the protection of family farms (Quinn & Halfacre, 2014). Farmers generally feel deeply connected to their farm lifestyle and therefore, they often plan to never retire or only semi-retire from farming (Kirkpatrick, 2013). ...
Article
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Our study aimed to examine the factors affecting family farm succession plannung. Results from a survey of 368 elderly farmers showed that some farmers were at an early planning stage (Stage 1; 12%), starting conversations with their children about the potential succession, while most were at a more advanced stage, which included involving their children in daily farm work (Stage 2; 38%). Approximately 22% of respondents involved their children in farm decision‐making while gradually transferring full responsibility to them (Stage 3). Farmers whose children indicated an interest in farming were more likely to be at the advanced stages of planning.
... While the place attachment framework has been used in the context of agriculture (Cross et al. 2011;Quinn and Halfacre 2014) and parks (Ramkissoon et al. 2012;Halliwell et al. 2021) research into the role of place attachment in forestry has developed more slowly. This has begun to change, with various publications addressing the association between place attachment and landscape preservation (e.g., Davenport and Anderson 2005;Brehm et al. 2013) management for conservation (Leahy and Lyons 2021;Mook et al. 2022) and forestland retention (Creighton et al. 2016). ...
Article
Family forest landowners own 54% of forestland in Georgia. However, most forest landowners are older than 65 years, and it is unclear what will happen to these forests when they can no longer care for their land. We apply the tripartite model of place attachment to assess the roles of person, place, and process dimensions concerning forest land-owners' future bequest intentions. Using data from 1,143 family forest landowners in Georgia, we find that the person dimension is the strongest predictor for wanting to keep the forestland in the family. Being involved in the process of forestland management is also a significant but weaker predictor, while the role of the place itself seems less important. Place attachment dimensions are more robust predictors for bequest intentions than any other control variable. These findings shed new light on bequest intentions and could inform future developments of family forest landownership.
... In this study, we use the diffusion of innovations theory to examine how farmers' social connections with family, peers, and other farmers enable them to adopt and spread new practices and technologies [37,38]. This framework helps us understand how farmers disseminate new entrepreneurial ideas and the impact of demographic characteristics on their adoption of these ideas. ...
Article
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A growing body of research has examined farmers’ increasing economic challenges in the United States and the new models adopted to help them increase profit, remain in business, and achieve agricultural sustainability. However, the entrepreneurial strategies that Western Corn (Zea mays) Belt farmers use to overcome economic challenges and achieve agricultural sustainability remain understudied. The model system used in this study was eastern South Dakota, and it examined the entrepreneurial aspirations of commodity crop producers using mail and online survey data collected in 2018. Using the diffusion of innovations framework, we investigated how innovation and entrepreneurialism spread among farmers; whether frequent training, building, and using social networks were essential to farmers’ business success; and how age, education level, and farm size relate to their entrepreneurial aspirations. We analyzed these three socio-demographic characteristics of farmers against their adoption of entrepreneurship and engagement in networking and training. Our results show that (1) farmers are looking for ways to adopt entrepreneurship; (2) education and farm size are positively related to the adoption of entrepreneurship; (3) age is negatively related to farmers’ adoption of entrepreneurship, and (4) a larger farm size is associated with farmers’ use of social networks and their participation in training. This study highlights the importance of providing farmers with entrepreneurial training, equipping them with necessary skills, maximizing their use of social networks and opportunities, and encouraging strategic planning and best management practices.
... In this case, the diffusion of innovation theory helps us understand the likelihood of spreading certain practices among farmers. In particular, farmers have strong social connections with their families, relatives, peers, neighbors, and other farmers that facilitate the spread of innovative ideas and help them to access information and learn about innovative and technological methods that other farmers may have adopted [44,45]. ...
Preprint
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A growing body of research has examined farmers' increasing economic challenges in the United States and the new models adopted to increase profit, remain in business, and achieve agricultural sustainability. However, the entrepreneurial strategies that western corn (Zea mays) belt farmers use to overcome economic challenges and achieve agricultural sustainability remain understudied. The model system used in this study was eastern South Dakota, and it examined the entrepreneurial aspirations of commodity crop producers using mail and online survey data collected in 2018. Using the diffusion of innovations framework, we investigated how innovation and entrepreneurialism spread among farmers, whether frequent training, building, and using social networks were essential to farmers' business success, and how age, education level, and farm size relate to their entrepreneurial aspirations. We analyzed these three socio-demographic characteristics of farmers against their adoption of entrepreneurship and engagement in networking and training. Our results show that: 1) farmers are looking for ways to adopt entrepreneurship; 2) education and farm size were positively related to the adoption of entrepreneurship; 3) age was negatively related to farmers' adoption of entrepreneurship, and 4) larger farm size is associated with farmers' use of social networks and participation in training. This study emphasizes the need to train farmers, equip them with entrepreneurial skills, maximize their utilization of social networks and opportunities, and encourage them to adopt strategic planning and best management practices.
... A snowball sampling technique was used for data collection, and 160 farmers (i.e., McBride, 80 and Ezola, 80) were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire, where at least 30% of the sheep farmer's population participated in this study as it was once used [15]. We divided the questionnaire into three sections: Demographic information, knowledge of sheep scab prevalence, and knowledge of control methods. ...
Article
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Background and Aim Sheep scab is one of the most contagious diseases of sheep found in rural communities worldwide and is a major health and welfare concern for sheep farming. Information on the attitudes of communal farmers to sheep scab remains speculative in the Eastern Cape Province. This study aimed to investigate knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to the prevalence of sheep scab among communal sheep farmers in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Materials and Methods From June to August 2022, a cross-sectional survey using a semi-structured questionnaire (n = 160) was conducted in two rural communities of the Enoch Mgijima Local Municipality in Eastern Cape Province. Purpose sampling was used to obtain respondents’ knowledge, attitudes, and management practices regarding sheep scabs. Results Among respondents, 81% were males and 19% were females. The majority of sheep farmers (59%) in both communities were aware of sheep scabs, but the majority (64%) did not receive any farming training. The majority of sheep farmers (65%) believed that sheep scab was the most serious threat to their sheep production since it increased mortality. In the past 3 years, approximately 57% of respondents reported an increase in the prevalence of sheep scab. The majority of farmers reported wool loss as the most noticeable clinical symptom (73%). More than 80% of sheep farmers do not use acaricide on a regular basis. Sixty-one percent of farmers prefer a pour-on topical application method. The frequency of annual dipping was every fortnight (40%), during summer and winter (24%). Most farmers (66%) regularly vaccinate their sheep. Conclusion The prevalence of sheep scab is increasing in these communities; however, a better understanding of the factors that facilitate its transmission is required to allow improved management and control of this disease. The government must involve extension officers and distribute them to disseminate information to farmers. Thus, it will be easy to translate the literature into action.
... Land management behaviors across types of landowners, including absentees, have been investigated from the perspective of the owner-land relationship [40]. While research focusing on the relationship between ALs and their properties is limited, investigations into the owner-land relationship across landowner categories can provide insights into understanding how ALs feel about their land [41][42][43][44][45][46][47]. ...
Article
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Approximately 30% of the private land in Texas, USA is under absentee ownership. Understanding who absentee landowners are and their land management behaviors is vital for the protection of privately owned landscapes and the ecosystem services that they support, including surface water quality. By focusing on absentee landowners with properties in five watersheds in Texas, we utilized the theory of place attachment to gain insights into absentee landowners' land management decisions and their involvement in water quality conservation programs, such as watershed protection plans (WPPs). By conducting a mail-out survey, we obtained 100 responses, which were analyzed using an exploratory factor analysis and a series of nonparametric assessments. The results revealed that, contrary to the term "absentee", the landowners in our study demonstrated strong feelings of place attachment and heightened land stewardship. Based on these findings, we suggest that instead of considering absentee landowners as obstacles to collaborative conservation initiatives, such as WPPs, natural resource practitioners should recognize and capitalize on the emotional attachment that these landowners have to their properties, thereby fostering their involvement. By demonstrating the owner-land relationship and its behavioral outcomes among absentee landowners, this study provides a novel contribution to the existing literature on place attachment in the context of private land management and conservation.
... Agricultural activities are place-bound (Cheshire et al., 2013;Quinn and Halfacre, 2014) and depend on the structure and organisation of the space in which they occur. Spatial planning therefore essentially shapes conditions for farming (Adelaja et al., 2011;OECD, 2009;Wachter and Wytrzens, 2022). ...
Article
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With the EU aiming to secure agricultural land for food production, the relationship between spatial planning and agriculture has gained attention. However, little is known about farmers' interests regarding spatial planning. This study addresses this research gap by adopting an exploratory mixed-methods approach to examine farming-related interests regarding local spatial planning among Austrian farmers. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 18 farmers, followed by 12 semi-quantitative interviews and an online questionnaire survey completed by 430 farmers. Four main interests were identified: preservation of agricultural land, spatial separation of farms and residential areas, sufficiently wide roads and expansion opportunities for farm buildings. All identified interests could be shown to be rooted in the farmers' "self-interest" as derived from actor-centred institutionalism. Binomial logistic regression models identified predictors of the identified interests among farmer, farm and municipality characteristics. The results present farmers as individual actors with diverse interests reaching beyond the preservation of agricultural land. A knowledge base could be created, to support further research on farmers as stakeholders in spatial planning and to inform the integration of farmers' interests in planning processes.
... Land attachment originates from place attachment theory. Drawing on literature related to place attachment, land attachment, and land complex (Williams et al., 2003;Chen, 2013;Quinn and Halfacre, 2014;Xu et al., 2019), this article defines land attachment as farmers' affection, possession (or nostalgia), and dependence on the land they own (or used to own). Furthermore, the article categorizes it into three dimensions: land satisfaction, land rootedness, and land dependence. ...
Article
Farmland abandonment is a pernicious environmental problem in the world. As farmers are decision-makers with regard to farmland utilization and abandonment, it is the key to study the influencing factors from the farmers’ perspective. Using the data from 540 rural households in Sichuan Province, this study analyses the impact of farmers’ differentiation on farmland abandonment and further explores the effects of land attachment and generational differences on the above impact. The results show that farmers’ differentiation positively affects farmland abandonment. Meanwhile, land attachment is the mediator between farmers’ differentiation and farmland abandonment. Among the three dimensions of land attachment, land rootedness and land dependence play the main mediating effect. Moreover, generational differences are the moderator between farmers’ differentiation and farmland abandonment. Among the three generations, the differentiation of the middle-aged and the older generation of farmers positively affects farmland abandonment, while the differentiation of the new generation of farmers does not significantly affect farmland abandonment. This study can deepen the understanding of the impact mechanism of farmers’ differentiation and farmland abandonment and provide a reference for the formulation and implementation of land policy.
... For farmers, agricultural land is often meaningful beyond economics and its role in business (e.g., Chouinard, Paterson, Wandschneider, & Ohler, 2008;Rogers et al., 2013;Sheeder & Lynne, 2011). The working landscape of the farm creates a unique environment to foster an attachment to place (Cross, Keske, Lacy, Hoag, & Bastien, 2011;Rajala & Sorice, 2022;Quinn & Halfacre, 2014). Daily interactions with the land allow for a greater connection to the place and more in-depth feelings toward the location (Curry, 2000;Goudy, 1982;Pred, 1983;Rowles, Oswald, & Hunter, 2003;Tuan, 1975). ...
Article
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A farm family’s land succession plan is vital to ensure that high-value farmland continues to benefit the family for generations to come. However, many farmers have been reluctant to develop succession plans. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of place attachment on farmers’ land succession planning. This exploratory mixed methods research involved farmers within 10 years of retirement age (55 years of age or older), both with and without a land succession plan. Surveys and interviews utilized Raymond, Brown, and Weber’s (2010) five dimensions of place attachment: place identity, place dependence, nature bonding, family bonding, and friend bonding. Survey results showed farmers with a succession plan had significantly higher place identity, place dependence, nature bonding, and overall place attachment than farmers without a succession plan. Seven themes emerged from the qualitative analysis of interviews of farmers with a succession plan and six themes emerged from interviews of farmers without a succession plan. Three themes: connection to family, sense of community, and enjoyment of the outdoors were held in common. This study adds to the literature exploring the complex factors affecting the transition of the family farm to the next generation.
... Household differentiation is one of the prominent phenomena in China's rural areas, which affects the farmland utilization decisions of different households [29]. In essence, it is a process of farmers starting businesses away from the soil and splitting their land attachment [30][31][32]. This difference between farmers is reflected in time as generational change, and it is generational change that forms generational differences. ...
Article
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The deepening of rural population aging and the lack of labor transfer cause the phenomenon of land abandonment to become more serious, which threatens regional and even national food security. Based on the survey data of 540 farmers in Sichuan Province, the theoretical analysis framework of land attachment, intergenerational difference and land abandonment was constructed, and Probit and Tobit models were constructed to empirically analyze the influence of land attachment and intergenerational difference on land abandonment. Research results show that: (1) 10.9% of the farmers abandoned their arable land, with an average area of 0.17 mu; the interviewed farmers are mainly of the middle-aged generation; the scores of the three dimensions of farmers' land attachment were all at the above average level. (2) Land dependence has no significant effect on land abandonment, while satisfaction and embeddedness have significant negative effects on land abandonment. (3) There are generational differences in the influence of land attachment on land abandonment. Among them, the land attachment of the middle-aged generation had no significant effect on land abandonment; the satisfaction and embeddedness of the older generation of farmers have negative effects on land abandonment; the satisfaction of the new-generation farmers has a significant negative effect on farmland abandonment. Based on this research, countermeasures and suggestions are put forward: (1) Pay attention to the emotional appeals of farmers and improve their well-being. (2) Cultivate new types of agricultural business entities and stimulate the potential of new human resources.
... Our population was predominantly illiterate or just contented with basic education. Indeed men tend to have more opportunities in terms of education, but because they work primarily in agriculture, it is more crucial for them to work on their land and preserve it for future generations [23]. For women, education was more likely a qualification that raises the bar when selected for marriage. ...
Article
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Abstract Background One of the aspects that helps to understand the genetic structure of a population throughout its biological history is the description of its matrimonial practices. Thus, the objective of this study is to explore consanguinity, one of these practices, to its full extent by identifying the prevalence, determinants, and trends of a consanguineous marriage, as well as its impact on fertility and spontaneous abortions in the Chaouia population, a region located in the western center of Morocco. Therefore, a survey-based cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2019 and January 2020. The sample was collected by province using a stratified random sampling approach, yielding a sample of 788 people. The association between consanguinity and socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, as well as reproductive health and pregnancy outcomes, was described using chi-square and ANOVA analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the predictors of a consanguineous marriage. Results Our findings revealed a consanguinity rate of 25.38%. The mean inbreeding coefficient was 0.012214. The most common type of union was between first cousins. This practice was strongly associated with an early age at marriage for both genders and with endogamy and immobility of couples, according to their place of birth. Consanguinity was significantly associated with fertility (p
... Lantbrukaren har kanske en gård som förts vidare i flera generationer, och har stor kunskap om jordbruk och skötsel, vilket gör att det kan vara svårt att tänka sig att flytta och byta karriär. Det finns en identitet i att vara lantbrukare och de har specialiserade kunskaper och färdigheter som har tagit lång tid att förvärva (även om de många gånger saknar en längre formell utbildning för det arbetet) (Lewicka, 2011;Quinn & Halfacre, 2014;Sjölander-Lindqvist, 2009;Xu m.fl., 2017). Det gör att steget till att söka ett arbete inom en annan bransch många gånger är långt (jmf. ...
Research
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This study highlights the importance of taking place attachment among farmers and hunters into account when discussing the consequences of large carnivore presence. The results from our survey show that very few people want to or can consider moving from the area in which they live, even if they have had negative experiences with large carnivores, and regardless of whether they are highly concerned about their presence or not. In addition to farmers often being connected to a place and possessing local knowledge about the area and the land, they, along with hunters, are often part of a social network of contacts with other farmers and hunters. This attachment to place then contributes to a sense of local identity. Therefore, this type of relation to place and experience-based knowledge are important factors to highlight and take into account in discussions around the socioeconomic and psychosocial consequences of large carnivores.
... Promises of clean water, health services, and electric power supply also remain unfulfilled. As Table 5 shows, the displaced peasants I interviewed (n = 15) in the Omo valley overwhelmingly reported that they had lost their livelihood to sugar projects and ironically could not afford sugar to sweeten their food and drink and would not be able to in the foreseeable Land is a crucial resource for rural communities, and its ownership determine socio-economic status of a person (Muchomba 2017;Quinn and Halfacre 2014). Loss of land is not only a form of economic deprivation and impoverishment but also detrimental to the social fabric of rural communities that are based on land (Terminski 2014:13). ...
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This article explores the recent increase in the demand for sugar in Ethiopia, and the ways in which the distribution and sale of sugar have been manipulated for political gain after the country’s demand outstripped production and supply. It also examines how agro-industrial expansion programs have resulted in land dispossession and the resettlement of smallholder farmers in the southern Ethiopian lowlands who were promised better living standards through modernization. The results of this study indicate that the expansion of Ethiopian sugar projects took place not only because of the increased demand for sugar in the country, but also because of the global political economy that shapes the nature of development projects in Global South.
... Even though place attachment predictors can help to guide the identification of potential place attachment processes, they do not clarify how individuals become attached to places. In terms of the research on place attachment, less time has been spent on the development and process and more research is needed to understand how place attachment is formed (Lewicka, 2011), (Quinn & Halfacre, 2014), (Williams & Vaske, 2003). ...
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Urban designers, planners and policy-makers are working together to meet the emerging demands as cities in the developed countries are growing at an increased speed and intensity. Therefore, a socio-economic conception is needed to be conceived and more deliberately assimilated in terms of urban planning and in regards to designing urban areas in order to develop cities sustainably so they are planned well. Since parks are public space they have a great importance in creating a social environment for people, particularly for those who live in cities. This is in addition to the, physical and ecological impacts of parks. Those who live in the city spend a little time in the edge of everyday life with their friends and families and, as such, they are distracted from social life. This situation adversely affects the elderly who need the most care in our busy daily life. This article seeks to address the gap in the field by exploring the phenomenon of the bonding between elderly people and place in urban parks in an analytical context and focuses on the core concept of place attachment which has gained traction over the past three decades because of the role it plays in explaining the consequences of the connection between people and place in term of predicting behaviors. This article aims to explore how elderly people who have exposed themselves to an environment develop place satisfaction and place attachment in the urban parks and to create more sustainable, civic and environmentally conscientious communities. Based on literature reviewed, this study proposes a conceptual framework of elderly’s source, dimension of place attachment in urban parks. It is anticipated that place satisfaction and place attachment contribute to elderly behavior and might improve their behavior in the urban park environment. This article further evaluates the affective and cognitive views as well as the commitment of the elderly to sustainable development.
... Personality traits may affect farmland renting behaviour, just like affecting other agricultural production and investment decisions. However, farmland is not only an essential factor in agricultural production but may also possess non-economic values like emotional attachment, status, or social security (Kuehne, 2013;Quinn & Halfacre, 2014;Wang & Zhang, 2017;Zhang & Donaldson, 2010). These non-economic values may depend to a certain extent on specific personality traits. ...
Thesis
Individual differences in personality traits and economic preferences have been found to be powerful in explaining key labour market success. Yet, much of their impact on agricultural production decisions in the rural context remains unclear. This thesis aims to provide more insights into the contribution of personality traits and economic preferences to smallholders’ economic decisions in agricultural production and farm management, using available data sets from China. It starts with an investigation of smallholders’ perception of land tenure security from perspectives of both cognitive-consequentialist and risk-as-feelings. The subsequent two chapters centre on the roles of personality traits and preferences in two important input decisions regarding smallholders’ agricultural production: land renting and fertilizer use. This thesis further examines if human personality has a direct impact on smallholder farmers’ overall farm management performance. Unravelling the mysterious role that personality traits play in smallholder farmers’ decision-making processes is vital for designing policies aimed at increasing agricultural production and alleviating rural poverty.
... Therefore, we thought it was not reasonable to assume that their negative stance was based on crop damages and the spread of disease due to avian influenza. Previous studies have shown that farmers have place attachments towards their farmlands (Brown & Raymond, 2007;Quinn & Halfacre, 2014), and they negatively perceived abandoned farmlands (Benjamin et al., 2007;Ruskule et al., 2013;van der Zanden et al., 2018). With the choice situation for product purchase or recreational sites, for example, there may be a few problems because their choice situations may be ad hoc and may not be related to relational values. ...
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The initial purpose of our study was to understand preferences of stakeholders on green infrastructure for flood control using a discrete choice experiment. However, the results of our study included unexpected findings. According to the utility theory of economics, an inexpensive green infrastructure scenario should have been chosen under ceteris paribus conditions, but our results differed from this expectation. Inconsistent results like ours are often interpreted as indicating bias and/or questionnaire design issues. However, our results can be interpreted using relational values. We studied green infrastructure in a large‐scale flood control basin in Naganuma, a town in the Hokkaido prefecture in Northern Japan. We conducted a discrete choice experiment with town residents as stakeholders of the green infrastructure. Through the examination of choice and membership parameters of our results, we interpreted that individual identity and place attachment, which are types of relational values, are taken into consideration in the choice situation of the discrete choice experiment. We also found that a notion of social responsibility, which is also a relational value, can help us to understand unexpected findings that cannot be interpreted in terms of economic theory alone. Relational values contribute to our interpretation of preferences related to managing ecosystem services with implications for green infrastructure, culturally significant wildlife, wildlife‐related recreation and flood control. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
... Land for farmers is not only a place for growing crops, jobs, and leisure activities, it is also a site full of history (touching symbols) and repository feelings (Nassauer, 2011;Quinn et al., 2014;Tveit et al., 2006). The shift in land used results in the sense of loss (Maladi, 2013), pleasure, sorrow, and nostalgia (Canter, 1977), which reduces farmers' agricultural interests (Wrachien, 2003). ...
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The relationship between place attachments and agricultural land conversion for developing countries had not been studied in many studies. This study aimed to provide empirical evidence of the psychological relationship between place attachment and agricultural land conversion, in contributing to sustainable agriculture in rural areas. The method used was the calculation of the placement attachment index, while examining the relationship between latent and dependent variables implemented in Structural Equation Model (SEM), applied in AMOS Software. The result of the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) calculation demonstrated the relationship between place attachment and agricultural land conversion. The attitude towards land development also had a weight of 0.657, which is substantially optimistic. Also, the weight value indicated that the place attachment relationship positively impacted the desire to maintain land, as maintenance decision was higher when the place attachment was high. That was accompanied by a 31.6% value of R2, meaning that the place attachment influenced 31.6% of the variance in the decision to preserve land.
... In Latin America, NTFP do not usually make people rich, but the income is commonly used to build household assets and pay children's school fees, supporting quality of life and better opportunities for future generations (Shackleton et al. 2011b). In seeking economic security and a family legacy, farmers use the land to create a safe place and livelihood for their family; the farm provides security and farmers develop a deep place attachment and connection to their land (Quinn and Halfacre 2014). ...
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The concept of ecosystem services (ES) and related conceptual frameworks like the cascade model, can be relevant to explore the ways through which people and nature are connected and how the benefits of nature, upon which people depend, are realised. An integrated cascade framework was used to study the ES pathway of pine resin, a traded forest product, in a rural mountain community in Mexico. We conducted mixed-methods research, combining participatory tools with measures of service capacity, resin yield, and key farmer endowments. Resin was co-produced by an intricate interaction between the human and natural components of the social-ecological system. Substantial human inputs and coordinated efforts were required to realise resin benefits, and people’s appreciation and plural values emerged along the whole service pathway. Though there were stark differences in natural resource endowments, working farmers gained a high share of resin’s income through labour, labour relations and social networks. But most social conflicts and struggles also occurred over labour relations and organisation, revealing power dynamics. Furthermore, external actors controlled different mechanisms of access, and exerted power over the community’s ability to derive benefits from resin. In resin co-production, values connect people to the landscape, while labour and power mediate the access to nature’s benefits.
... They are focused on their work, not admiring the landscape, and, although farmers spend a great deal of time observing the daily rhythms of crops and animals and the surrounding landscape, the rural setting is nothing unusual for them. This way, however, farmers unconsciously build and maintain bonds with their setting (Quinn and Halfacre, 2014), and thus, farmland is not only a space that supports life and work, but also a place of symbolic meaning and a repository for emotions, and a location within history (Tveit et al., 2006;Nassauer, 2011;Carvalho-Ribeiro et al., 2013). ...
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Open-cast lignite mining often arouses discontent due to its controversial use of land. This is particularly apparent when a mining operation interferes with well-managed agricultural areas. Mining investments usually face resistance from farmers who are attached to a rural setting and farmland. This paper summarises the results of a study on farmers’ attachment to place and patrimony. The placeoriented research was conducted among a traditionally farming-oriented community that expressed its disapproval of a lignite coal operation. Data were collected via questionnaire. The measurement of place attachment used a five-point Likert scale. The survey was distributed among the rural dwellers of two communes, Krobia and Miejska Górka (in the Wielkopolska Region, Poland), which will be affected by open-cast mining and a power station; both are dependent on the “Oczkowice” lignite deposit. The results show that the farmers have a deep attachment to their farmland; however, only a little attachment was detected to the local community.
... We explore if the above described relationship to agriculture can, among all the other complex socioeconomic factors and processes, play a role in forming the place attachment of non-farmer residents in rural areas, directly through farm activities or interaction with farmers and visual appreciation of farming processes of all kinds. By place attachment, we understand the desire of an inhabitant in a given area to stay in the area or to return to it once left due to a combination of bonds formed with social and physical attributes of the area (LOW and ALTMAN, 1992;QUINN and HALFACRE, 2014;EISENHAUER et al., 2000). MCANDREW (1998: 411) mentioned that strong place attachment would be associated with expectations of future stability, and would be attended by local knowledge and "greater investment of time in resources in that place." ...
Conference Paper
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Starting out from the current political efforts in some German Federal states to stronger regulate the agricultural land market, the argumentation shifted from the agricultural sector development to concerns about negative social impacts of existing trends for rural society. These concerns link the discussion to the international land grabbing debate. In this paper, first, we elaborate conditions that justify the term land grabbing for some of the trends in agricultural land transactions in Germany. Second, as advocates for a new law state that vitality in rural communities is at risk, we will empirically examine how farm structure can influence non-farmer residents’ perceptions about agriculture and affect people’s attachment to rural place that is still largely associated with agriculture. Thus, we aim to initiate a discussion on the complex social relationships and suggest a model to capture fine interactions between relationship to agriculture and rural place attachment. In doing so, we examine the direct and indirect effects from density of resident farmers on these interactions to capture some key assumptions formulated in the political debate. We test our model set-up using data from empirical research in Germany conducted in 2016. We surveyed non-farmer residents and interviewed farmers in villages purposefully sampled based on high and low density of resident farmers. To reveal underlying complex relationships, that are characterized by lengthy causal processes with difficulty of attribution, we operationalized our analysis using a structural equation model.
... La integración de herramientas comprensivas sobre el vínculo con lugares significativos y los procesos de memoria colectiva (Aravena, 2003;Baeza, 2011;Cárdenas, Páez, Rimé, Bilbao y Asún, 2014;Halbwachs, 2004;Low y Altman, 1992;Muller y Bermejo, 2016;Piper-Shafir, Fernández-Droguett e Íñiguez-Rueda, 2013; Sepúlveda-Galeas, Sepúlveda, Piper y Troncoso, 2015) ayuda a comprender el impacto de desastres naturales o antrópicos (Cardona, 1993;Jha, 2010;Romero y Maskrey, 1993), que pueden llegar a promover o acentuar graves transformaciones sociales, físicas e incluso respuestas ante tales transformaciones. Es de gran importancia comprender las implicaciones de drásticos acontecimientos, como los desastres, que cambian los lugares que valoramos, en torno a los cuales se construyen lazos que aportan a nuestra experiencia de salud y bienestar (Duff, 2009;Quinn y Halfcare, 2014). ...
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El trabajo que se presenta entrega aportes para comprender el impacto de desastres naturales o antrópicos, como terremotos, maremotos, huracanes, terrorismo, entre otros, producidos por efectos de la acción de fenómenos naturales o acciones humanas, en personas. Su objetivo es comprender el impacto del terremoto 8.8 ° y tsunami del 27 de febrero de 2010, en Dichato, localidad costera al sur de Chile, a partir de la necesidad de generar conocimiento sobre los alcances traumáticos de lo consignado en el bienestar en ese lugar. Se trabajó a partir de los relatos de habitantes sobrevivientes sobre su trayectoria de vida en el lugar, en quienes emerge el recuerdo y superposición de la experiencia traumática de la vivencia del terremoto y tsunami mencionados, a lo que fue la dictadura militar de Augusto Pinochet de 1973-1990, como acontecimiento desastroso equivalente en sus vidas. Los resultados amplían la comprensión de desastre, más allá de sus alcances materiales, individuales o de corto plazo. Concluimos que el impacto socio-histórico-emocional, el daño al sujeto social y su bienestar de lugar, son aspectos que deben considerarse ante las transformaciones y cambios en el lugar de vida, conociendo y comprendiendo las respuestas colectivas que puedan emerger. Palabras clave: Desastres; Memoria colectiva; Bienestar; Bienestar de lugar; Chile.
... Oromo nationalists claim that historically the city has failed to absorb the displaced smallholders and that the displacement and the Oromo"s political and economic marginalization and ethnic othering shows that the government of Ethiopia still only reflects the identities of the northern elite, meaning that feelings of ethnic otherness are becoming normalized. Quinn and Halfacre (2014) examined the social, emotional, and cultural attachments of peasants to the land they used to cultivate beyond its use as the base of their subsistence. Terminski (2014: 13) states that the displacement of people from their land in the name of development not only deprives them of their sustenance but also destroys the cultural, spiritual, and emotional fabric of their lives, which are strongly linked to the land. ...
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This paper explores the impacts of the fast spatial expansion of Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia, on the suburb small-scale farming community. Recently, combined with rapid population growth and booming economy, the city experienced a rapid physical expansion without proper urban planning. The sprawl of the city has dislocated small-scale farming communities in the suburbs and led to one of the major deadly popular protests against land dispossession in the modern history of the country. The physical expansion to surrounding farmlands has threatened the socioeconomic life of farming communities surrounding the city through dislocation, resource dispositioning, and why the situation has received ethnic dimension. This study highlights that in addition to the natural urban growth, corruption in the government and the use of land for political leverages have played a significant role in the forced eviction of peasants.
... Personality traits may affect farmland renting behavior, just like affecting other agricultural production and investment decisions. However, farmland is not only an essential factor in agricultural production but may also possess non-economic values like emotional attachment, status, or social security (Kuehne, 2013;Quinn & Halfacre, 2014;Zhang & Donaldson, 2010). These non-economic values may depend to a certain extent on specific personality traits. ...
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This study investigates the effects of smallholders’ personality traits on their land rental market decisions. We develop a conceptual framework and show that these internal factors could affect smallholders’ land rental market participation beyond institutional and socio-demographic factors. Our empirical analysis is based on a survey of 2119 rural households collected in the North China Plain. We found that smallholders with a higher level of openness were more active in participating in the farmland rental market. Moreover, internal locus of control played a significant role in explaining smallholders’ land renting behavior. We further show that need for achievement mediated the link between internal locus of control and the smallholder’s intention to rent land, indicating that fostering a higher level of internal locus of control—and subsequently achievement desire—could play a significantly positive role in promoting smallholders’ land-renting behavior. More generally, our results imply that taking rural smallholders’ personality traits into account in designing land rental policies may increase the effectiveness of policies aimed at promoting land rental market participation among smallholders and incubating crop farm scale enlargement in rural China.
... Wallace et al. (1994) refer to this as a "household work strategy," and as a consequence of this strategy children become accustomed to work on the farm in order to help the family. Children from farms describe their family relationships as closer and as more supportive than those from non-farm peers (Quinn and Halfacre, 2014). Moreover, they appreciate the experience of being raised on a farm, and their self-identities accentuate the values of hard work, independence and responsibility (Esterman and Hedlund, 1994). ...
Article
Purpose Family farms, in which business and family life are intricately interwoven, offer an interesting context for better understanding the interdependence between the family and business system. Many family farms struggle to survive, and the succession process is a key period in which the low returns on investment become evident but also the emotional attachment of the family to the farm and the willingness to transfer the business to the next generation. We take the perspective of non-succeeding siblings since they are crucial for a successful succession but their role and position in this process is far from clear. This study will help to increase our knowledge of how fairness is perceived by non-successors and of the impact of perceived (in)justice on the family business system. Design/methodology/approach To analyze the effect on sibling relationships of an unequal outcome of the succession process, we choose the family farm context. We used interview data from multiple family members from several family farms in the Netherlands in different stages of succession. We utilized a framework based on justice theory to analyze perceptions of fairness among non-succeeding siblings. The central research question for this study is as follows: How do non-succeeding siblings perceive justice with regard to family firm succession? Findings The acceptance of the outcomes of the succession process by non-succeeding siblings is influenced by their perception of the fairness of the process itself and decisions made by the incumbent and successor with regard to these outcomes. It seems that stakeholders who occupy multiple roles with conflicting justice perspectives handle these contradictions with the help of an overarching goal—in this study, preserving the continuity of the family farm—and by prioritizing and adjusting the justice perspectives accordingly. The findings further show that both distributive justice and procedural justice are important and interact with each other. Originality/value Our study contributes to the literature by applying the theoretical framework of distributive and procedural justice to the context of family farm succession. This helps us to understand the position of non-succeeding siblings and their role and position in the succession process, which is important because sibling relationships have a significant impact on family harmony, with potential consequences for the business as well.
... Sumado a lo precedente, vinculan positivamente la posibilidad que el lugar les otorga para vivir en familia, compartir con sus cercanos, entre otros aspectos. En consecuencia, más que mostrar los comportamientos que se desprenden del apego al lugar, enseñan los comportamientos que contribuyen en la construcción del apego al lugar (Quinn & Halfcare, 2014 ...
Thesis
El objetivo de esta investigación es comprender la construcción de identidad étnica y apego al lugar del pueblo Diaguita del Valle del Huasco, norte de Chile, en base a discursos sobre acontecimientos que han cambiado el lugar en el que viven. Para ello se desarrollaron entrevistas biográficas con 19 adultos del pueblo Diaguita, se realizó trabajo de campo entre el 2017 y 2019 en el mismo lugar, y a su vez se efectuó una investigación documental, considerando notas de prensa publicadas entre 2010 y 2018 en las que se presentaban discursos públicos provenientes del pueblo Diaguita. Realizando un análisis basado en la teoría fundamentada, emergieron categorías analíticas denominadas inscripción de la memoria, identidad interpelada, acciones colectivas y bienestar cultural, que aportan con el objetivo de esta investigación. Se concluye que la construcción de identidad étnica y apego al lugar del pueblo Diaguita involucra un proceso de interacción de las categorías en su conjunto, y en ellas se observa que el bienestar cultural resulta crítico en dicho proceso. Así también, es de gran relevancia considerar, que son las acciones colectivas, las que construyen la manera en que estas interacciones se desarrollan. Por último, se plantea que el lugar de vida presenta un valor emocional y simbólico inconmensurable, asociado a tradiciones, prácticas y artefactos ancestrales, presentándose como la raíz de vida del pueblo Diaguita, otorgando libertad y protección hacia el pueblo, construyendo posibilidades para definirse, distinguirse, sentir, conocer y relacionarse, materializando el pasado, presente y devenir de la cultura, donde su destrucción y amenaza ha sido protagonizada por acciones u omisiones del Estado de Chile. Palabras clave: Identidad étnica, apego al lugar, bienestar, Diaguita, pueblos indígenas, Psicología Social, imaginarios, violencia, justicia
... Farms often also serve more than purely economic functions. Quinn and Halfacre (2014) find that farmers report their attachment to farmland as due to their want for security, by developing a thriving economic business and leaving a family legacy. Land also provides a place to live and a way to own a means of supply (Sikorska, 2008). ...
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The Republic of Ireland possesses a land market that is constrained by minimal sales each year, less than 1%. In an effort to capitalise on milk quota abolition and to increase dairy production, a suite of tax incentives has recently been introduced in the Republic of Ireland to encourage land mobility and long-term leasing among Irish dairy farmers. Using Irish Farm Accountancy Database Network (FADN) data from 2011–2017 to examine this, a Heckman sample selection model explores two aspects; (i) the factors that influence a farmer’s decision to rent, or continue renting, land and (ii) the profitability of dairy farmers renting in land. We find self-selection into the rental market is driven by farm traits that include a high level of hired labour, the presence of a successor, intensive farming practices and dairy discussion group membership. The results show that rental agreements assist farms in achieving economies of scale. The findings provide evidence to support government intervention such as tax incentives for renting out land and knowledge sharing discussion groups.
... repositories of emotion. Although literature is light, researchers have demonstrated farmers often have deep embedded place attachment(Kuehne, 2013;Quinn & Halfacre, 2014) ...
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Land tenure is an important variable impacting the vulnerability of people staying on leased land the world over. Land tenure-ship security is widespread in countries where the land is owned by the state or traditional people. The problem in securing a tenured land manifests itself in a number of ways that accentuate environmental and socio-economic impacts. Mounting evidence of reduced tenure security shows that affected communities are often unable to evolve equitably and enjoy long term economic stability. In the Fijian context, many displaced Fijians have moved on and settled in the periphery of towns and cities thus changing the socio-economic equilibrium of the environment. A qualitative study using a case study research design was undertaken to establish the perceptions of a group of sugar cane farmers who had become victims of non- renewal of their land leases in 2002. Findings reveal that expiry and non-renewal of land leases leads to social, economical, cultural, political and even psychological and emotional consequences on internally displaced people. The article outlines the pain and agony of the displaced farmers and how they have made integral adjustments to cope with the challenges of resettling in new environments. Having faced the adversities of extradition and then resettling, the dilemmas of ensuing nomadic journeys present a more daunting unfolding for many - only that they have realized it as a fact of life.
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Refaat Alareer’s chapter “Gaza Asks: When Shall This Pass?” In this opening chapter, Alareer, a Gaza-based educator and professor of English literature, captures how he, as an individual and as a son, husband, sibling, and member of a community, has experienced violence in Gaza throughout multiple stages of his life.
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English is omnipresent in Gulf societies, and the field of Higher Education (HE) is no exception. While in practice the mixing of linguistic resources through translanguaging is common and natural in students’ daily lives, issues arise when such practice clashes with monolingual language policies and ideologies in English-medium instruction (EMI) settings. Drawing on previous Gulf research, the chapter looks at the mismatch between students’ fluid mixing of Arabic and English in everyday life and English-only policies in HE, with resultant implications on identities and a sense of belonging. From a translanguaging perspective, encouraging learners to utilize full linguistic repertoires in educational settings can promote inclusion and authenticity. Here, teachers and students, as bottom-up language-policy makers, can embrace translanguaging as a source of empowerment which supports and strengthens linguistic identities. Finally, the need for larger scale changes to inclusivity in EMI HE at an institutional and international level is stressed.
Article
Resettlement policy has broken the emotional link between farmers and rural communities. However, most research in this area has focused on the perspective of economic compensation rather than emotional cognition. This study considered the emotional cognition of resettled farmers using the theory of “place attachment,” based on a statistical analysis of questionnaire results following 32 in-depth interviews. A theoretical hypothesis was constructed to explain the influence of resettlement policy on place attachment using the results of 315 questionnaires, with the structural equation model (SEM) method applied to test the hypothesis. The results showed that the classical two-dimensional classification of place attachment (place dependence and place identity) had good statistical applicability for expressing the emotional link between resettled farmers and their former rural community. It was found that six factors generated by the resettlement policy affect farmers’ place attachment: policy evaluation, space shortage, space improvement, rural attributes, land rootedness, and community inclusion. Our findings indicate that in the context of Chinese social culture, resettlement policy has not only materially changed the spatial environment but also the fundamental meaning of place for farmers. Our results provide new insight into how resettlement policy has influenced resettled farmers in the urbanization of China.
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This chapter charts the shifting contexts and underlying matrix of ideals that led to contemporary policy settings as experienced at Goolhi, including the deep changes since World War II driven by global economic crises as the impetus for structural reform, the rise of the neoliberal paradigm and intensifying globalisation. Through this time, Australia has taken a significantly different posture towards trade and farm policy and retreated from state-supported agriculture. Together with significant deregulation, Australia’s preference for free trade and the rising importance of China as key trade partner has shifted the set of political priorities in this arena. Through a re-calibration of the role of the state, farm operations have necessarily become focused on efficiency and productivity and there have been significant sociological effects.
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This chapter provides an overview of the theoretical basis of economic sociology to situate this book at the intersection of political economy, the politics of space, and issues of place and identity that take particular import in a farming context. This theory demonstrates that capitalism, as the dominant mode of economic organisation, involves significant social change because economic systems are socially and culturally constructed and embedded. Following Polanyi, the state is always involved in the construction of the market and it is this relation that shapes outcomes. This locates the book as a response to calls for research into the actual processes of change and highlights the key understandings of interpretive economic sociology as a way of understanding the relationship between macro- and micro-contexts.
Article
Since the 1980s, many parts of rural Australia have experienced persistent financial difficulties. However, there is a lack of accounts on how farmers have improved business performance while maintaining traditional farming culture. By focusing on dairy farmers in the Illawarra region in New South Wales, Australia, this study examines the evolution of family farming culture under global agricultural change. Dairy farming dominates Illawarra agriculture, and has been constantly pressured by neoliberal policy reform and adverse market conditions. This study draws on public data, semi‐structured interviews, and participant observation. In recent decades, dairy farming has shown a trend of declining farm numbers. A longstanding culture of family farming has existed in the Illawarra and continues to shape farmers' lifestyle and business. Farmer interviewees shared this culture, and continued farming partly for non‐economic reasons. However, under economic pressures farmers both compromised some elements of this traditional farming culture, and drew on the strategic value of other elements.
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This paper discusses the decline of traditional pottery making in rural southwestern Ethiopia and its causes and looks at the potters’ responses to socio-economic and cultural shocks that have been instigated by the decline. Pottery making in southwestern Ethiopia forms a distinct female-only occupational identity, and potters are socially marginalized and forced into endogamous social groups. Recent government land policies have limited their already meager access to clay resources, while imported plastic and enamel objects offer comparative advantages over locally made ceramics. However, potters have not passively accepted the shocks brought about by the land policy and the influx of imported objects. Instead, they have devised strategies to obtain clay and have included imported foreign objects into their technology, despite the fact that these new objects are not part of their technological traditions.
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The gap between quantitative and qualitative analysis was largely bridged with the increasing availability of digital texts and the dramatic improvement of algorithmic methods for extracting information from text.Most researchers working with data analytics software find that R-language capabilities are widely accepted and are utilizedin research and teaching. Currently, open source software utilization practices have been adopted by our Department in empirical research and research work for which the acceptance and enthusiasm of students is significant. Following are characteristics and functions of coding, aggregation, and data visualization of the open source RQDA qualitative analysis software, a R package that is now widely accepted by a broad range of disciplines. http://ejournals.lib.auth.gr/synthesis/article/view/7729/7514
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The Psychology of Place Attachment confirms the cognitive-emotional bond that humans, since early times, have with a specific place. A material place is not only shaped physically and psychologically/spiritually by its inhabitants, but it in turn also shapes them, as it mediates the meanings ascribed to it through its sensuous presence. Appreciating Ps 128 through the "readerly lens" of place attachment (also as part of the ma'ªalôt-collection and Psalter as a whole), it was found that the poet(s) of this wisdom (-Torah ethical) psalm intuitively grasped the psychological benefits that a place exerts on its inhabitants. The experiences of memory, belonging, positive emotions, privacy and reflection, comfort and security, entertainment and aesthetics are reflected in the psalm. Both the small, intimate household and larger community Zion/Jerusalem, mediate Yahweh's presence and blessing, also as a retributive response to a wise life-style. Zion/Jerusalem and all it encompasses, become the centre of the universe, the place par excellence for a fulfilled life.
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This paper explores the conceptual possibilities of place friendship, and posits it as a valid form of place relationship that is different from the more widely accepted place relationship concepts typically considered under the broader construct of sense of place. After reviewing the literature on friendship, a framework for envisioning child-friendly places based on six essential conditions of friendship is proposed: mutual affection and personal regard; shared interests and activities; commitment; loyalty; self-disclosure and mutual understanding; and horizontality. These concepts, when translated into environmental terms with the help of literature from the fields of environment-behavior, environmental psychology and children's geography, help to define a child-friendly place from a socio-physical perspective. This definition is in contrast to the broad, rhetorical, rights-based goals of health, education, safety, etc. that currently underpin the UN vision of the child-friendly city. This paper proposes that research needs to investigate the functional and phenomenological possibilities of places that children consider to be their friends in order for child-friendly cities to have any real meaning for children.
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To enhance land managers' ability to address deeper landscape meanings and place-specific symbolic values in natural resource decision making, this study evaluated the psychometric properties of a place attachment measure designed to capture the extent of emotions and feelings people have for places. Building on previous measurement efforts, this study examined the validity and generalizability of place attachment across measurement items, places, and dimensions (place dependence and place identity) of attachment. Colorado State University students (n = 65) rated four forest-based recreation sites on two dimensions of place attachment. In addition, data from a sample of University of Illinois students (n = 380) and visitors to Shenandoah National Park (n = 2005) and Mt. Rogers National Recreation Area (n = 369) were analyzed and compared to the Colorado sample. Confirmatory factor analysis of these four data sets demonstrated that subjects distinguish between two dimensions of attachment and assign different levels of attachment to the different areas. Generalizability analysis of the Colorado data provided additional evidence for the two-dimensional structure and suggested that each attachment dimension can be reliably measured with as few as four questionnaire items. Convergent validity was supported through analyses of the relationships between the place attachment measures and both behavioral and psychological variables predicted to be related to place attachment. FOR. SCI. 49(6):830–840.
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Although sense of place definitions nominally include the physical environment, much research has emphasized the social construction of sense of place and neglect the potentially important contributions of the physical environment to place meanings and attachment. This article presents research that tests several models that integrate (1) characteristics of the environment, (2) human uses of the environment, (3) constructed meanings, and (4) place attachment and satisfaction. The research utilized a mail survey of 1,000 property owners in a lake-rich region (the Northern Highlands Lake District of Northern Wisconsin). Structural equation modeling revealed that the best fit model integrating environmental variables with sense of place was a meaning-mediated model that considered certain landscape attributes (i.e., level of shoreline development) as predictive of certain meanings related to attachment and satisfaction. This research demonstrates that landscape attributes matter a great deal to constructed meanings; these constructions are not exclusively social.
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The purpose of this investigation was to explore the meanings recreationists tenting at an agricultural fair associated with the settings in which their fair experience occurred. Using a symbolic interactionist framework, our analysis of data collected through onsite observation and using photo-elicitation guided interviews illustrated that informants' place meanings were the product of interactive processes involving the individual, their social world and the physical setting. These interactions elicited meanings tied to place that were largely independent of the physical attributes that defined the setting. Most significant were specific place experiences shared with family and close friends. The importance attached to these relationships and experiences were embedded in the spatial contexts that encapsulated informants' fair experience. Findings from this investigation shed light on the social construction of place meaning within a built environment.
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Place theory offers no explanation of the developmental processes by which place attachment arises. Drawing on recent findings in human attachment theory, this study offers a developmental model of the process by which place attachment emerges from a childhood place experience. A pattern of positively affected experiences of place in childhood are generalised into an unconscious internal working model of place which manifests subjectively as a long-term positively affected bond to place known as place attachment. Qualitative analysis of adult remembrance of childhood place experience provides support for this model and finds important parallels in the developmental processes underpinning place attachment and human attachment as well as some differences.
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Carrying forward his inquiry into the nature and conditions of normal and abnormal development, Lichtenberg focuses on motivation. His goal is to offer an alternative to psychoanalytic drive theory that accommodates the developmental insights of infancy research while accounting for the entire range of phenomena addressed by the theory of instinctual drives. To this end, he propounds a comprehensive theory of the self, which then gains expression in five discrete yet interactive motivational systems.
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This Special Issue presents research and theoretical developments concerning farm-family transitions. Specifically, how qualitative methods sometimes combined with quantitative approaches can bring new understanding to farm-family functioning and the transitions experienced over several generations or years. The research provides rich details about transition points such as marriages and succession, and changes in production techniques or commodity. This information supports theory building about the family response to ecological (e.g., physical, economic, political, social) opportunities and constrains. The Special Issue authors offer useful conceptualizations, research strategies, and theory building that can enhance knowledge about the interplay of farm and family, business and lifestyle. Information is presented about family farming in a dozen or more countries. In this article the authors present background information about family farming as a context for introducing the articles in the Special Issue. An attempt is made to explain why the family farm is still a significant organisational element in farming, even in the industrialised-capitalist west. An explanation is given of how different farming paradigms (yeoman, entrepreneur) and farm-family types (Traditional farmers on the break-even point; Modernizers out of necessity, Part-time farmers, Innovative entrepreneurs) can lead to diverse strategies for responding to issues of modernity and changing agricultural conditions.
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Place attachment is the symbolic relationship formed by people giving culturally shared emotional/affective meanings to a particular space or piece of land that provides the basis for the individual’s and group’s understanding of and relation to the environment. This chapter applies this definition of place attachment in order to identify a range of types of place attachment in cultural terms, and to present ethnographic examples of each type. It is argued that while there are often strong individualistic feelings that may be unique to specific people, these feelings are embedded in a cultural milieu. Thus, place attachment is more than an emotional and cognitive experience, and includes cultural beliefs and practices that link people to place. This discussion is illustrated with examples of how these often overlapping place attachment processes occur in the central plaza of San José, Costa Rica. Future research directions for a cultural analysis of place attachment are suggested as part of the conclusion.
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This paper reviews research in place attachment and organizes the material into three sections: research, method, and theory. A review of several hundred empirical and theoretical papers and chapters reveals that despite mobility and globalization processes, place continues to be an object of strong attachments. The main message of the paper is that of the three components of the tripartite model of place attachment (Scannell & Gifford, 2010a), the Person component has attracted disproportionately more attention than the Place and Process components, and that this emphasis on individual differences probably has inhibited the development of a theory of place attachment. Suggestions are offered for theoretical sources that might help to fill the gaps, including theories of social capital, environmental aesthetics, phenomenological laws of order, attachment, and meaning-making processes that stem from movements and time-space routines.
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Several years ago Hidalgo and Hernandez reported a curvilinear, U-shaped, relationship between scale of place (apartment, neighborhood, city) and strength of attachment to the place. In this paper four studies are presented, carried out in four Central-European cities, that (1) confirmed the reported curvilinear relationship using five places (apartment, building, neighborhood, city district, city) in three out of four cities and for five items of the Place Attachment Scale, (2) revealed a consistent curvilinear, inverse U-shaped relationship between scale of place and percentage of variance of place attachment predicted by three groups of factors: physical (type of housing, size of building, upkeep and personalization of house precincts, etc.), social (neighborhood ties and sense of security in the residence place), and socio-demographic (age, education, gender, length of residence, family size), and (3) identified strength of direct and indirect effects of the three groups of predictors on attachment to the five types of places. The curvilinear relationship between place scale and place attachment was particularly strong in highly attractive cities and in those scale items that described people's emotional reactions to places whereas a linear relationship was obtained in the least attractive city and in the items that referred to sense of security, amount of control and knowledge of place. In all four cities the best predicted variable was attachment to middle ranges of the place scale (building and neighborhood). The overall best direct predictor of place attachment was neighborhood ties, followed by direct and indirect effects of length of residence, building size, and type of housing. In conclusion it is argued that the usual choice of predictors of place attachment is biased by researchers' interest in the middle scales of place (neighborhood) at the expense of other place scales. In the paper a claim is made that attachments to smaller (apartments, homes) and larger (city) scales of place along with their unique predictors deserve more attention from environmental psychologists.
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phenomenological philosophy / psychological research on consciousness / descriptive and qualitative research / doing psychological research from a phenomenological perspective data gathering / data from self-reflection / data gathered from participants / selection of subjects / interview / data from previously developed descriptions / results of data collection data analysis / essential structures as findings / a search for lived-structures of essences / steps in the analysis / transformation and synthesis of the data expressions of the findings / the research report / issues of validity / usefulness of phenomenological research (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
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Developments in the agricultural industry are requiring dramatic in the role of the farmer away from intensive production oriented approaches towards more sustainable forms of agiculture. While this may appear to require a relatively simply change in emphasis, production based roles not only contain economic value, but contain social value in that they are used to communicate status as a 'good farmer'. Thus, when farmers are asked to change approaches to agriculture, they are not only incurring economic costs but also social costs and this is rarely, if at all, acknowledged. This study uses a symbolic interactionist framework to investigate the symbolic meaning of intensive agricultural production: how crops/livestock are perceived by farmers, how they convey status, and how they are linked with the status of the farm family within the farming community. It concludes that understanding the true meaning of agricultural activities on the farm and considering these factors in the development of policy may reduce the potential loss of established farm families from the land and the subsequent loss of decades or even centuries of experience, knowledge and local history.
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The concept of place identity has been the subject of a number of empirical studies in a variety of disciplines, but there have been relatively few attempts to integrate this literature into a more general theory of identity and environment. Such endeavors have been limited by a lack of studies that simultaneously examine identification with places of different scale. This article addresses this critical omission by analyzing how residents of Cape Cod, Massachusetts, develop a sense of home with respect to dwelling, community, and region. Our results suggest that different social and environmental factors discriminate identification across place loci: specifically, that demographic qualities of residents and interpretive residential affiliations are critical to dwelling identity; that social participation in the local community is essential for community identity; and that patterns of intercommunity spatial activity promote a regional identity. Such understandings, we propose, are important to constructing an integrated theory of place identity, one sensitive to the complex ways the self is situated in the social-spatial environment.
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Neighborhood attachment relates to one’s emotional connection to physical and social environments. Such bonds are critical for shaping how people interact with their local environments, connect with others and may be vital for fostering sustainable health behavior change related to nutrition and physical activity. Using data from a population-based survey of neighborhood environments and health in Denver, Colorado (n = 410 respondents; n = 45 block-groups) and hierarchical linear modeling techniques, we examined the relationship between objective and perceived neighborhood conditions (e.g., crime, physical incivilities, sense of safety), social processes (e.g., collective efficacy) and recreational gardening and neighborhood attachment. Results indicate length of residency, collective efficacy, and home and community garden participation are associated with neighborhood attachment. Further research is warranted to consider neighborhood attachment as an intervening mechanism through which gardens and other outdoor everyday places may influence health behavior change.
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The theme of this paper is the family farm and the problems of defining it. The approach taken is to recognize the difference between theoretical definitional practices of sociologists and anthropologists, on the one hand, and everyday definitional practices of family farmers on the other. The former focus upon observable behaviour and/or quantitative measures that are used to construct an analytical concept with precise boundaries; the latter are not interested in defining the boundaries of the concept of the family farm but in understanding the nature and operations of their family farms so that they can reproduce them in their everyday activities. They attend to what is most central and ideal to the family farm and this is the basis of their concept of the family farm. Through an ethnographic account of hill sheep farms in the Scottish borderlands, the paper argues that the essence of family farms is a consubstantial relation between family and farm such that the distinct existence and form of both partake of or become united in a common substance that is transmitted over generations. The analysis highlights the economic and social interdependence of family and farm, the process by which the farm becomes embodied through family labour, the strategies adopted by the family to ensure the transfer of the farm to the following generation, and the use of a genetic metaphor to transpose a legal relation between family and farm into a consubstantial one.
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Early studies and observations of working-class communities reveal the physical environment itself as a very meaningful aspect of urban social life, a finding strongly borne out by the study of the relocation of several thousand people from the West End of Boston (1958–1961). Attachment to place is a characteristic feature of life in many poor, ethnic, immigrant communities. The development of a sense of spatial identity is a critical component of attachment experiences in such local areas.As a consequence of such spatial identity, built on the convergence of physical places and social relationships, displacement from the community entails widespread grief and mourning. But life, even in these relatively stable and enclosed communities, is not simply continuous: people change, communities change, social discontinuities are inevitable. And the stable forms of attachment which are so highly adaptive to the first or second generation ethnic community inhibit progression to new urban environments and to new conditions of social life when these become desirable or necessary. While community ties are often of importance at all social class levels and serve as stabilizing forces, the transition to new statuses, wider opportunities, and new conditions of life implies a more attenuated form of place attachment. However, many people remain addicted to encompassing forms of continuity in community attachments. Spatial identities which are highly functional at one point can thus become dysfunctional. These commitments can become the basis for contagious violence and bloodshed especially after the demise of long-term autocratic controls which leave a political hiatus and present us with pathologies of community attachment, visible in the territorial conflicts of recent decades.
Article
One of the limitations in the study of attachment to place has been its restriction to the spatial range of neighbourhood. Apart from some studies analysing attachment to house, there is a gap regarding other spatial environments. In this sense, we do not know to what extent people can be attached to other spatial categories, i.e., to bigger or smaller places, and whether the neighbourhood range is effectively the basic level of attachment, as many studies assume. On the other hand, most studies on attachment to place have viewed places as social environments only. We have found very few references to the physical dimension of place in the definition of the concept and also few regarding its operationalization. In this study, we measured place attachment within three spatial ranges (house, neighbourhood, and city) and two dimensions (physical and social), in order to establish some comparison between them. We did so by interviewing 177 people from different areas of Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Spain). The results indicate that attachment to place develops to different degrees within different spatial ranges and dimensions. Among the results, we can highlight that: 1) attachment to neighbourhood is the weakest; 2) social attachment is greater than physical attachment; and 3) the degree of attachment varies with age and sex.
Article
Place attachment has been researched quite broadly, and so has been defined in a variety of ways. The various definitions of the concept are reviewed and synthesized into a three-dimensional, person–process–place organizing framework. The person dimension of place attachment refers to its individually or collectively determined meanings. The psychological dimension includes the affective, cognitive, and behavioral components of attachment. The place dimension emphasizes the place characteristics of attachment, including spatial level, specificity, and the prominence of social or physical elements. In addition, potential functions of place attachment are reviewed. The framework organizes related place attachment concepts and thus clarifies the term. The framework may also be used to stimulate new research, investigate multidimensionality, create operational definitions for quantitative studies, guide semi-structured interviews for qualitative studies, and assist in conflict resolution for successful land-use management.
Climate, vegetation, and soils
  • G Carbone
  • J J Hidore
Carbone, G., & Hidore, J. J. (2008). Climate, vegetation, and soils. In D. G. Bennett and J. C. Patton (Eds.), A Geography of the Carolinas. Boone, NC: Parkway Publishers.
Calling the station home
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Dominy, M. D. (2001). Calling the station home. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers.
RQDA: R-based qualitative data analysis
  • R Huang
Huang, R. (2012). RQDA: R-based qualitative data analysis. R package version 0.2-3. Retrieved from http://rqda.r-forge.r-project.org/