No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the authors.
Place Matters: An Investigation of Farmers' Attachment to Their Land
Abstract
Place attachment research can shed light on how farmers form relationships with their land and therefore have implications for landscape management and food systems. Unknown is how farmers develop place attachment. In this qualitative study, we examine psychological and physical experiences as antecedents to place attachment using attachment theory. Following 29 semi-structured interviews with 34 respondents in Upcountry South Carolina, we examined farmers’ security-seeking and exploration behaviors. Farmers receive security through feelings of peace and safety while on their farm and provide economic security to their families and environmental security to their land. Farmers’ exploring behaviors include trying to be more innovative in sustainable management of their land. This research helps elucidate how farmers develop attachment. It has implications for how farmers manage their resources as well as understanding the environmental, social, and economic impacts of these decisions and land conservation in the American south.
... Farmers can form a separate attachment to each of these elements (farms) in a special way. At the same time, some people believed that for farmers, land is not only a space to provide them with life, work, entertainment, and social communication, but also a place with symbolic significance and repositories of emotion [22,36,37]. Therefore, land attachment can be said to be place attachment in a narrow sense, which refers to the positive emotional relationship between people and land [38]. ...
... Carr [40] found that Chaga women on Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania have a deep attachment to their land and home. Quinn and Halfacre [22] also found that both farmers living on their own land and farmers renting land have a strong attachment to land. ...
... Why do farmers get attached to their land? Because land brings not only a living environment and material output [22,40], but also social relations and social identity [47]. What impact does land attachment have on farmers' behavior? ...
It is of great significance to explore the influencing factors of land flow to promote moderate-scale agricultural operation. However, few studies have explored the quantitative influences of land attachment and intergenerational difference on land transfer. Based on the survey data of 540 rural households in Sichuan Province, this study uses factor analysis method to divide land attachment into land satisfaction, land rootedness, and land dependence, and further empirically tests the impact mechanism of land attachment and intergenerational difference on land flow by using Probit model and Tobit model. The results are as follow: (1) land attachment is significantly correlated with land flow-out, but not with land flow-in. (2) Different dimensions of land attachment have different impacts on land flow-out. Among them, land rootedness and land dependence have significant negative impacts on farmers’ land flow-out behavior and land flow-out area, while land satisfaction has a significant positive impact on farmers’ land flow-out behavior and has no significant impact on the land flow-out area. (3) Different generations of land attachment have different impacts on land flow-out. Among them, the land attachment of the new-generation farmers has no significant impact on land flow-out. Among middle-aged farmers, land dependence had a significant negative impact on land flow-out behavior and area, and land rootedness had a significant negative impact on land flow-out behavior; however, land satisfaction had a significant positive impact on land flow-out behavior and area. Among the older generation of farmers, land dependence has a significant negative impact on land flow-out behavior and area, while land satisfaction and land rootedness have no significant impact on land flow-out behavior and area. Therefore, in promoting the practice of land flow, we should pay attention to the differences of farmers’ emotional demands, improve the supporting policies of land flow by classification, reduce farmers’ dependence on “land security”, solve farmers’ concerns on land flow, and promote the rational flow of land factors.
... The existing research has demonstrated that landowners may develop a strong emotional connection to their land, which has important implications on their land-management decisions (Gruver et al., 2017;Selinske et al., 2015). However, the mechanisms through which landowners construct this emotional connection have been largely neglected in research (Quinn & Halfacre, 2014). In particular, the psychological sense of ownership as a potentially influential construct to understand the ownerland relationship requires further investigation. ...
... By considering agricultural production their lifestyle, landowners feel proud of their occupation, which they often view as enjoyable and fulfilling (Sorice et al., 2012). For example, Quinn and Halfacre (2014) have found that South Carolina farmers describe working on the land as a recreational, restorative and therapeutic activity. From the analysis of the interviews with the farmers, Quinn and Halfacre (2014) concluded that through sustainable farming operations, land provides security for the families and a family legacy for generations to come. ...
... For example, Quinn and Halfacre (2014) have found that South Carolina farmers describe working on the land as a recreational, restorative and therapeutic activity. From the analysis of the interviews with the farmers, Quinn and Halfacre (2014) concluded that through sustainable farming operations, land provides security for the families and a family legacy for generations to come. ...
Land fragmentation and conversion compromise the integrity of the privately-owned landscape nationwide. Landowners’ choices and actions play a critical role in these dynamics. To better understand these individuals’ land-management behaviors, this phenomenological study used the theory of psychological ownership to explore landowners’ lived experiences with their properties. We conducted nine semi-structured interviews with landowners holding properties in the Hill Country region of Texas, the leading state in the loss of agricultural land. Our results showed that the owner-land relationship extends beyond feelings of psychological ownership by embracing a combination of human-centered and nature-centered philosophies. With the current study, we expand the understanding of socio-psychological dimensions of landownership by providing a detailed examination of landowners’ personal contexts, experiences, conservation views, and other factors associated with owning land. We conclude by providing a definition of landownership as a socio-psychological phenomenon.
... We explore if the above described relationship to agriculture can, among all the other complex socioeconomic factors and processes, play a role in forming the place attachment of rural inhabitants, directly through farm activities or interaction with farmers and visual appreciation of farming processes of all kinds. By place attachment, we understand the desire of an inhabitant in a given area to stay in the area or to return to it once left due to a combination of bonds formed with social and physical attributes of the area (Low and Altman 1992;Quinn and Halfacre 2014;Eisenhauer et al. 2000). McAndrew (1998, p. 411) mentioned that strong place attachment would cause expectations of future stability, and would be attended by local knowledge and "greater investment of time in resources in that place." ...
... Their findings pointed to the assumption that the farmers were committed to pursue agriculture despite the difficult terrain because they felt attached. Quinn and Halfacre (2014) asked farmers in the US about their attachment to their land and focused on behaviors that could lead to place attachment. According to Quinn and Halfacre (2014) farmers received security from their land which led to strong place attachment. ...
... Quinn and Halfacre (2014) asked farmers in the US about their attachment to their land and focused on behaviors that could lead to place attachment. According to Quinn and Halfacre (2014) farmers received security from their land which led to strong place attachment. Walker and Ryan (2008) are some of the few scholars that researched place attachment of inhabitants in rural areas. ...
The presence of agriculture is diminishing in today’s society: it provides only a small percentage of jobs, and the number of visible farms that can provide exposure to agricultural processes is continuously decreasing. We hypothesize that the direct involvement with farm activities or interaction with farmers and visual appreciation of agricultural processes of all kinds, influences rural inhabitants’ relationship to agriculture. We assume that the latter plays a role in how far inhabitants are attached to their place, and more specifically, perceive rural place. In this paper, we aim to initiate a discussion on this complex social relationship and suggest a model to capture fine interactions between relationship to agriculture and rural place attachment. We examine the direct and indirect effects from the density of resident farmers on these interactions. We set up a model using data from empirical research in Germany conducted in 2016. We surveyed rural inhabitants and interviewed farmers in villages purposefully sampled based on high and low density of resident farmers. To reveal underlying relationships among the latent constructs and more directly measurable indicators, as well as the indirect effect of farm presence on place attachment through its effect on forming perceptions about agriculture, we operationalized our analysis using a structural equation model. Besides a good model fit, our initial results indicate that rural inhabitants form stronger relationship to agriculture when the density of resident farmers is higher. Further, farm presence and attachment to rural place are positively related, but needs to be better captured.
... Places can be narrated in discourse, and they can also be constructed in shared practice. Lived experiences that are shared by a community within a location infuse the physical environment with shared and individual meanings ( Dominy, 2001 ;Gray, 2011 ;Grubb, 2005 ;Marshall & Foster, 2002;Quinn & Halfacre, 2014 ). ...
... The various tasks involved with raising goats and sheep have ordered their social life and behavior to the point that it has become their very identity. This is similar to what Dominy (2001 ), Quinn and Halfacre (2014 ), Gray (2011 ), andGrubb (2005 ) found in their studies on how shared lived experiences revolving around activities such as farming, shepherding, and fi shing can connect people to the land and shape individual and group identity. "Identity and belonging can thus be created, constructed, shaped, and maintained through engaging in practices and behaviors that connect individuals to particular landscapes" ( Sampson & Goodrich, 2009 , p. 904). ...
Communities in the Jazan mountains of southern Saudi Arabia experience language discrimination through an uneven distribution of the communication burden and the stigmatization of their way of speaking. This study examines how residents of Harūb, a community in the Jazan mountains, deal with marginality. Using a discourse analysis approach, this study explores how individuals in Harūb use linguistic and place-making resources to construct belonging through the discursive construction of the social category Badu. As forces of modernization have dislocated the communities in the Jazan mountains and positioned them in the margins, language and place have become increasingly meaningful. In response, through everyday communication, values connected to their traditional subsistence farming and shepherding lifestyle such as self-sufficiency and freedom are drawn on to imbue the mountains with these values. In turn, place becomes a symbol as well as a resource for defining Badu identity. Through engaging in the politics of belonging, constructing belongingness, and place-making, the people in Harūb put themselves back in the “center” giving themselves a place to belong.
... 15) is reportedly associated with work friends, participation, and team orientation [28]. While we did not investigate personal reasons behind feelings of professional efficacy, it has been reported that farmers find meaning and value in their roles as stewards of the land and caretakers of animals [33]. This view of farming as "a calling that provides purpose to their lives" [33] (p. ...
... While we did not investigate personal reasons behind feelings of professional efficacy, it has been reported that farmers find meaning and value in their roles as stewards of the land and caretakers of animals [33]. This view of farming as "a calling that provides purpose to their lives" [33] (p. 127) may also help explain our professional efficacy findings. ...
While farmers in several countries worldwide are reported to be at higher risk for poor mental health outcomes like chronic stress, depression, and anxiety, there is a paucity of research on burnout in farmers. This cross-sectional study used an online survey administered between September 2015 and February 2016 to investigate burnout (as measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS)) amongst farmers in Canada. The specific objectives were to measure the three components of burnout (exhaustion, cynicism, and professional efficacy), and to explore potential associated risk factors, as well as to determine the prevalence of the different burnout profiles (engaged, ineffective, overextended, disengaged, and burnout). MBI-GS results were obtained from 1075 farmers. Approximately 70% of the study sample identified as male and 30% as female, and participants were from a variety of farming commodities. Scores for exhaustion, cynicism, and professional efficacy were all higher than international norms. While 43% of participants were classified as engaged, 44% were classified in the ineffective, overextended, or disengaged profiles (i.e., intermediate profiles on the engagement - burnout continuum), and 12% were classified in the burnout profile. Risk factor results highlighted the positive effects of farmer support from spouse/romantic partner, friends, and industry. Overall, the results from this study demonstrate cause for concern with respect to farmer burnout, suggest potential avenues for intervention, and serve as a call to action to better support farmers in Canada.
... Household differentiation is one of the prominent phenomena in China's rural areas, which affects the farmland utilization decisions of different households [29]. In essence, it is a process of farmers starting businesses away from the soil and splitting their land attachment [30][31][32]. This difference between farmers is reflected in time as generational change, and it is generational change that forms generational differences. ...
The deepening of rural population aging and the lack of labor transfer cause the phenomenon of land abandonment to become more serious, which threatens regional and even national food security. Based on the survey data of 540 farmers in Sichuan Province, the theoretical analysis framework of land attachment, intergenerational difference and land abandonment was constructed, and Probit and Tobit models were constructed to empirically analyze the influence of land attachment and intergenerational difference on land abandonment. Research results show that: (1) 10.9% of the farmers abandoned their arable land, with an average area of 0.17 mu; the interviewed farmers are mainly of the middle-aged generation; the scores of the three dimensions of farmers' land attachment were all at the above average level. (2) Land dependence has no significant effect on land abandonment, while satisfaction and embeddedness have significant negative effects on land abandonment. (3) There are generational differences in the influence of land attachment on land abandonment. Among them, the land attachment of the middle-aged generation had no significant effect on land abandonment; the satisfaction and embeddedness of the older generation of farmers have negative effects on land abandonment; the satisfaction of the new-generation farmers has a significant negative effect on farmland abandonment. Based on this research, countermeasures and suggestions are put forward: (1) Pay attention to the emotional appeals of farmers and improve their well-being. (2) Cultivate new types of agricultural business entities and stimulate the potential of new human resources.
... Our population was predominantly illiterate or just contented with basic education. Indeed men tend to have more opportunities in terms of education, but because they work primarily in agriculture, it is more crucial for them to work on their land and preserve it for future generations [23]. For women, education was more likely a qualification that raises the bar when selected for marriage. ...
Abstract Background One of the aspects that helps to understand the genetic structure of a population throughout its biological history is the description of its matrimonial practices. Thus, the objective of this study is to explore consanguinity, one of these practices, to its full extent by identifying the prevalence, determinants, and trends of a consanguineous marriage, as well as its impact on fertility and spontaneous abortions in the Chaouia population, a region located in the western center of Morocco. Therefore, a survey-based cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2019 and January 2020. The sample was collected by province using a stratified random sampling approach, yielding a sample of 788 people. The association between consanguinity and socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, as well as reproductive health and pregnancy outcomes, was described using chi-square and ANOVA analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the predictors of a consanguineous marriage. Results Our findings revealed a consanguinity rate of 25.38%. The mean inbreeding coefficient was 0.012214. The most common type of union was between first cousins. This practice was strongly associated with an early age at marriage for both genders and with endogamy and immobility of couples, according to their place of birth. Consanguinity was significantly associated with fertility (p
... Lantbrukaren har kanske en gård som förts vidare i flera generationer, och har stor kunskap om jordbruk och skötsel, vilket gör att det kan vara svårt att tänka sig att flytta och byta karriär. Det finns en identitet i att vara lantbrukare och de har specialiserade kunskaper och färdigheter som har tagit lång tid att förvärva (även om de många gånger saknar en längre formell utbildning för det arbetet) (Lewicka, 2011;Quinn & Halfacre, 2014;Sjölander-Lindqvist, 2009;Xu m.fl., 2017). Det gör att steget till att söka ett arbete inom en annan bransch många gånger är långt (jmf. ...
This study highlights the importance of taking place attachment among farmers and
hunters into account when discussing the consequences of large carnivore presence.
The results from our survey show that very few people want to or can consider
moving from the area in which they live, even if they have had negative experiences
with large carnivores, and regardless of whether they are highly concerned about
their presence or not. In addition to farmers often being connected to a place and
possessing local knowledge about the area and the land, they, along with hunters,
are often part of a social network of contacts with other farmers and hunters. This
attachment to place then contributes to a sense of local identity. Therefore, this
type of relation to place and experience-based knowledge are important factors
to highlight and take into account in discussions around the socioeconomic and
psychosocial consequences of large carnivores.
... Promises of clean water, health services, and electric power supply also remain unfulfilled. As Table 5 shows, the displaced peasants I interviewed (n = 15) in the Omo valley overwhelmingly reported that they had lost their livelihood to sugar projects and ironically could not afford sugar to sweeten their food and drink and would not be able to in the foreseeable Land is a crucial resource for rural communities, and its ownership determine socio-economic status of a person (Muchomba 2017;Quinn and Halfacre 2014). Loss of land is not only a form of economic deprivation and impoverishment but also detrimental to the social fabric of rural communities that are based on land (Terminski 2014:13). ...
This article explores the recent increase in the demand for sugar in Ethiopia, and the ways in which the distribution and sale of sugar have been manipulated for political gain after the country’s demand outstripped production and supply. It also examines how agro-industrial expansion programs have resulted in land dispossession and the resettlement of smallholder farmers in the southern Ethiopian lowlands who were promised better living standards through modernization. The results of this study indicate that the expansion of Ethiopian sugar projects took place not only because of the increased demand for sugar in the country, but also because of the global political economy that shapes the nature of development projects in Global South.
... Even though place attachment predictors can help to guide the identification of potential place attachment processes, they do not clarify how individuals become attached to places. In terms of the research on place attachment, less time has been spent on the development and process and more research is needed to understand how place attachment is formed (Lewicka, 2011), (Quinn & Halfacre, 2014), (Williams & Vaske, 2003). ...
Urban designers, planners and policy-makers are working together to meet the emerging demands as cities in the developed countries are growing at an increased speed and intensity. Therefore, a socio-economic conception is needed to be conceived and more deliberately assimilated in terms of urban planning and in regards to designing urban areas in order to develop cities sustainably so they are planned well. Since parks are public space they have a great importance in creating a social environment for people, particularly for those who live in cities. This is in addition to the, physical and ecological impacts of parks. Those who live in the city spend a little time in the edge of everyday life with their friends and families and, as such, they are distracted from social life. This situation adversely affects the elderly who need the most care in our busy daily life. This article seeks to address the gap in the field by exploring the phenomenon of the bonding between elderly people and place in urban parks in an analytical context and focuses on the core concept of place attachment which has gained traction over the past three decades because of the role it plays in explaining the consequences of the connection between people and place in term of predicting behaviors. This article aims to explore how elderly people who have exposed themselves to an environment develop place satisfaction and place attachment in the urban parks and to create more sustainable, civic and environmentally conscientious communities. Based on literature reviewed, this study proposes a conceptual framework of elderly’s source, dimension of place attachment in urban parks. It is anticipated that place satisfaction and place attachment contribute to elderly behavior and might improve their behavior in the urban park environment. This article further evaluates the affective and cognitive views as well as the commitment of the elderly to sustainable development.
... Personality traits may affect farmland renting behaviour, just like affecting other agricultural production and investment decisions. However, farmland is not only an essential factor in agricultural production but may also possess non-economic values like emotional attachment, status, or social security (Kuehne, 2013;Quinn & Halfacre, 2014;Wang & Zhang, 2017;Zhang & Donaldson, 2010). These non-economic values may depend to a certain extent on specific personality traits. ...
Individual differences in personality traits and economic preferences have been found to be powerful in explaining key labour market success. Yet, much of their impact on agricultural production decisions in the rural context remains unclear. This thesis aims to provide more insights into the contribution of personality traits and economic preferences to smallholders’ economic decisions in agricultural production and farm management, using available data sets from China. It starts with an investigation of smallholders’ perception of land tenure security from perspectives of both cognitive-consequentialist and risk-as-feelings. The subsequent two chapters centre on the roles of personality traits and preferences in two important input decisions regarding smallholders’ agricultural production: land renting and fertilizer use. This thesis further examines if human personality has a direct impact on smallholder farmers’ overall farm management performance. Unravelling the mysterious role that personality traits play in smallholder farmers’ decision-making processes is vital for designing policies aimed at increasing agricultural production and alleviating rural poverty.
... Therefore, we thought it was not reasonable to assume that their negative stance was based on crop damages and the spread of disease due to avian influenza. Previous studies have shown that farmers have place attachments towards their farmlands (Brown & Raymond, 2007;Quinn & Halfacre, 2014), and they negatively perceived abandoned farmlands (Benjamin et al., 2007;Ruskule et al., 2013;van der Zanden et al., 2018). With the choice situation for product purchase or recreational sites, for example, there may be a few problems because their choice situations may be ad hoc and may not be related to relational values. ...
The initial purpose of our study was to understand preferences of stakeholders on green infrastructure for flood control using a discrete choice experiment. However, the results of our study included unexpected findings. According to the utility theory of economics, an inexpensive green infrastructure scenario should have been chosen under ceteris paribus conditions, but our results differed from this expectation. Inconsistent results like ours are often interpreted as indicating bias and/or questionnaire design issues. However, our results can be interpreted using relational values. We studied green infrastructure in a large‐scale flood control basin in Naganuma, a town in the Hokkaido prefecture in Northern Japan. We conducted a discrete choice experiment with town residents as stakeholders of the green infrastructure. Through the examination of choice and membership parameters of our results, we interpreted that individual identity and place attachment, which are types of relational values, are taken into consideration in the choice situation of the discrete choice experiment. We also found that a notion of social responsibility, which is also a relational value, can help us to understand unexpected findings that cannot be interpreted in terms of economic theory alone. Relational values contribute to our interpretation of preferences related to managing ecosystem services with implications for green infrastructure, culturally significant wildlife, wildlife‐related recreation and flood control. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
... Land for farmers is not only a place for growing crops, jobs, and leisure activities, it is also a site full of history (touching symbols) and repository feelings (Nassauer, 2011;Quinn et al., 2014;Tveit et al., 2006). The shift in land used results in the sense of loss (Maladi, 2013), pleasure, sorrow, and nostalgia (Canter, 1977), which reduces farmers' agricultural interests (Wrachien, 2003). ...
The relationship between place attachments and agricultural land conversion for developing countries had not been studied in many studies. This study aimed to provide empirical evidence of the psychological relationship between place attachment and agricultural land conversion, in contributing to sustainable agriculture in rural areas. The method used was the calculation of the placement attachment index, while examining the relationship between latent and dependent variables implemented in Structural Equation Model (SEM), applied in AMOS Software. The result of the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) calculation demonstrated the relationship between place attachment and agricultural land conversion. The attitude towards land development also had a weight of 0.657, which is substantially optimistic. Also, the weight value indicated that the place attachment relationship positively impacted the desire to maintain land, as maintenance decision was higher when the place attachment was high. That was accompanied by a 31.6% value of R2, meaning that the place attachment influenced 31.6% of the variance in the decision to preserve land.
... In Latin America, NTFP do not usually make people rich, but the income is commonly used to build household assets and pay children's school fees, supporting quality of life and better opportunities for future generations (Shackleton et al. 2011b). In seeking economic security and a family legacy, farmers use the land to create a safe place and livelihood for their family; the farm provides security and farmers develop a deep place attachment and connection to their land (Quinn and Halfacre 2014). ...
The concept of ecosystem services (ES) and related conceptual frameworks like the cascade model, can be relevant to explore the ways through which people and nature are connected and how the benefits of nature, upon which people depend, are realised. An integrated cascade framework was used to study the ES pathway of pine resin, a traded forest product, in a rural mountain community in Mexico. We conducted mixed-methods research, combining participatory tools with measures of service capacity, resin yield, and key farmer endowments. Resin was co-produced by an intricate interaction between the human and natural components of the social-ecological system. Substantial human inputs and coordinated efforts were required to realise resin benefits, and people’s appreciation and plural values emerged along the whole service pathway. Though there were stark differences in natural resource endowments, working farmers gained a high share of resin’s income through labour, labour relations and social networks. But most social conflicts and struggles also occurred over labour relations and organisation, revealing power dynamics. Furthermore, external actors controlled different mechanisms of access, and exerted power over the community’s ability to derive benefits from resin. In resin co-production, values connect people to the landscape, while labour and power mediate the access to nature’s benefits.
... They are focused on their work, not admiring the landscape, and, although farmers spend a great deal of time observing the daily rhythms of crops and animals and the surrounding landscape, the rural setting is nothing unusual for them. This way, however, farmers unconsciously build and maintain bonds with their setting (Quinn and Halfacre, 2014), and thus, farmland is not only a space that supports life and work, but also a place of symbolic meaning and a repository for emotions, and a location within history (Tveit et al., 2006;Nassauer, 2011;Carvalho-Ribeiro et al., 2013). ...
Open-cast lignite mining often arouses discontent due to its controversial use of land. This is particularly apparent when a mining operation interferes with well-managed agricultural areas. Mining investments usually face resistance from farmers who are attached to a rural setting and farmland. This paper summarises the results of a study on farmers’ attachment to place and patrimony. The placeoriented research was conducted among a traditionally farming-oriented community that expressed its disapproval of a lignite coal operation. Data were collected via questionnaire. The measurement of place attachment used a five-point Likert scale. The survey was distributed among the rural dwellers of two communes, Krobia and Miejska Górka (in the Wielkopolska Region, Poland), which will be affected by open-cast mining and a power station; both are dependent on the “Oczkowice” lignite deposit. The results show that the farmers have a deep attachment to their farmland; however, only a little attachment was detected to the local community.
... We explore if the above described relationship to agriculture can, among all the other complex socioeconomic factors and processes, play a role in forming the place attachment of non-farmer residents in rural areas, directly through farm activities or interaction with farmers and visual appreciation of farming processes of all kinds. By place attachment, we understand the desire of an inhabitant in a given area to stay in the area or to return to it once left due to a combination of bonds formed with social and physical attributes of the area (LOW and ALTMAN, 1992;QUINN and HALFACRE, 2014;EISENHAUER et al., 2000). MCANDREW (1998: 411) mentioned that strong place attachment would be associated with expectations of future stability, and would be attended by local knowledge and "greater investment of time in resources in that place." ...
Starting out from the current political efforts in some German Federal states to stronger regulate the agricultural land market, the argumentation shifted from the agricultural sector development to concerns about negative social impacts of existing trends for rural society. These concerns link the discussion to the international land grabbing debate. In this paper, first, we elaborate conditions that justify the term land grabbing for some of the trends in agricultural land transactions in Germany. Second, as advocates for a new law state that vitality in rural communities is at risk, we will empirically examine how farm structure can influence non-farmer residents’ perceptions about agriculture and affect people’s attachment to rural place that is still largely associated with agriculture. Thus, we aim to initiate a discussion on the complex social relationships and suggest a model to capture fine interactions between relationship to agriculture and rural place attachment. In doing so, we examine the direct and indirect effects from density of resident farmers on these interactions to capture some key assumptions formulated in the political debate. We test our model set-up using data from empirical research in Germany conducted in 2016. We surveyed non-farmer residents and interviewed farmers in villages purposefully sampled based on high and low density of resident farmers. To reveal underlying complex relationships, that are characterized by lengthy causal processes with difficulty of attribution, we operationalized our analysis using a structural equation model.
... La integración de herramientas comprensivas sobre el vínculo con lugares significativos y los procesos de memoria colectiva (Aravena, 2003;Baeza, 2011;Cárdenas, Páez, Rimé, Bilbao y Asún, 2014;Halbwachs, 2004;Low y Altman, 1992;Muller y Bermejo, 2016;Piper-Shafir, Fernández-Droguett e Íñiguez-Rueda, 2013; Sepúlveda-Galeas, Sepúlveda, Piper y Troncoso, 2015) ayuda a comprender el impacto de desastres naturales o antrópicos (Cardona, 1993;Jha, 2010;Romero y Maskrey, 1993), que pueden llegar a promover o acentuar graves transformaciones sociales, físicas e incluso respuestas ante tales transformaciones. Es de gran importancia comprender las implicaciones de drásticos acontecimientos, como los desastres, que cambian los lugares que valoramos, en torno a los cuales se construyen lazos que aportan a nuestra experiencia de salud y bienestar (Duff, 2009;Quinn y Halfcare, 2014). ...
El trabajo que se presenta entrega aportes para comprender el impacto de desastres naturales o antrópicos, como terremotos, maremotos, huracanes, terrorismo, entre otros, producidos por efectos de la acción de fenómenos naturales o acciones humanas, en personas. Su objetivo es comprender el impacto del terremoto 8.8 ° y tsunami del 27 de febrero de 2010, en Dichato, localidad costera al sur de Chile, a partir de la necesidad de generar conocimiento sobre los alcances traumáticos de lo consignado en el bienestar en ese lugar. Se trabajó a partir de los relatos de habitantes sobrevivientes sobre su trayectoria de vida en el lugar, en quienes emerge el recuerdo y superposición de la experiencia traumática de la vivencia del terremoto y tsunami mencionados, a lo que fue la dictadura militar de Augusto Pinochet de 1973-1990, como acontecimiento desastroso equivalente en sus vidas. Los resultados amplían la comprensión de desastre, más allá de sus alcances materiales, individuales o de corto plazo. Concluimos que el impacto socio-histórico-emocional, el daño al sujeto social y su bienestar de lugar, son aspectos que deben considerarse ante las transformaciones y cambios en el lugar de vida, conociendo y comprendiendo las respuestas colectivas que puedan emerger.
Palabras clave: Desastres; Memoria colectiva; Bienestar; Bienestar de lugar; Chile.
... Oromo nationalists claim that historically the city has failed to absorb the displaced smallholders and that the displacement and the Oromo"s political and economic marginalization and ethnic othering shows that the government of Ethiopia still only reflects the identities of the northern elite, meaning that feelings of ethnic otherness are becoming normalized. Quinn and Halfacre (2014) examined the social, emotional, and cultural attachments of peasants to the land they used to cultivate beyond its use as the base of their subsistence. Terminski (2014: 13) states that the displacement of people from their land in the name of development not only deprives them of their sustenance but also destroys the cultural, spiritual, and emotional fabric of their lives, which are strongly linked to the land. ...
This paper explores the impacts of the fast spatial expansion of Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia, on the suburb small-scale farming community. Recently, combined with rapid population growth and booming economy, the city experienced a rapid physical expansion without proper urban planning. The sprawl of the city has dislocated small-scale farming communities in the suburbs and led to one of the major deadly popular protests against land dispossession in the modern history of the country. The physical expansion to surrounding farmlands has threatened the socioeconomic life of farming communities surrounding the city through dislocation, resource dispositioning, and why the situation has received ethnic dimension. This study highlights that in addition to the natural urban growth, corruption in the government and the use of land for political leverages have played a significant role in the forced eviction of peasants.
... Personality traits may affect farmland renting behavior, just like affecting other agricultural production and investment decisions. However, farmland is not only an essential factor in agricultural production but may also possess non-economic values like emotional attachment, status, or social security (Kuehne, 2013;Quinn & Halfacre, 2014;Zhang & Donaldson, 2010). These non-economic values may depend to a certain extent on specific personality traits. ...
This study investigates the effects of smallholders’ personality traits on their land rental market decisions. We develop a conceptual framework and show that these internal factors could affect smallholders’ land rental market participation beyond institutional and socio-demographic factors. Our empirical analysis is based on a survey of 2119 rural households collected in the North China Plain. We found that smallholders with a higher level of openness were more active in participating in the farmland rental market. Moreover, internal locus of control played a significant role in explaining smallholders’ land renting behavior. We further show that need for achievement mediated the link between internal locus of control and the smallholder’s intention to rent land, indicating that fostering a higher level of internal locus of control—and subsequently achievement desire—could play a significantly positive role in promoting smallholders’ land-renting behavior. More generally, our results imply that taking rural smallholders’ personality traits into account in designing land rental policies may increase the effectiveness of policies aimed at promoting land rental market participation among smallholders and incubating crop farm scale enlargement in rural China.
... Wallace et al. (1994) refer to this as a "household work strategy," and as a consequence of this strategy children become accustomed to work on the farm in order to help the family. Children from farms describe their family relationships as closer and as more supportive than those from non-farm peers (Quinn and Halfacre, 2014). Moreover, they appreciate the experience of being raised on a farm, and their self-identities accentuate the values of hard work, independence and responsibility (Esterman and Hedlund, 1994). ...
Purpose
Family farms, in which business and family life are intricately interwoven, offer an interesting context for better understanding the interdependence between the family and business system. Many family farms struggle to survive, and the succession process is a key period in which the low returns on investment become evident but also the emotional attachment of the family to the farm and the willingness to transfer the business to the next generation. We take the perspective of non-succeeding siblings since they are crucial for a successful succession but their role and position in this process is far from clear. This study will help to increase our knowledge of how fairness is perceived by non-successors and of the impact of perceived (in)justice on the family business system.
Design/methodology/approach
To analyze the effect on sibling relationships of an unequal outcome of the succession process, we choose the family farm context. We used interview data from multiple family members from several family farms in the Netherlands in different stages of succession. We utilized a framework based on justice theory to analyze perceptions of fairness among non-succeeding siblings. The central research question for this study is as follows: How do non-succeeding siblings perceive justice with regard to family firm succession?
Findings
The acceptance of the outcomes of the succession process by non-succeeding siblings is influenced by their perception of the fairness of the process itself and decisions made by the incumbent and successor with regard to these outcomes. It seems that stakeholders who occupy multiple roles with conflicting justice perspectives handle these contradictions with the help of an overarching goal—in this study, preserving the continuity of the family farm—and by prioritizing and adjusting the justice perspectives accordingly. The findings further show that both distributive justice and procedural justice are important and interact with each other.
Originality/value
Our study contributes to the literature by applying the theoretical framework of distributive and procedural justice to the context of family farm succession. This helps us to understand the position of non-succeeding siblings and their role and position in the succession process, which is important because sibling relationships have a significant impact on family harmony, with potential consequences for the business as well.
... Sumado a lo precedente, vinculan positivamente la posibilidad que el lugar les otorga para vivir en familia, compartir con sus cercanos, entre otros aspectos. En consecuencia, más que mostrar los comportamientos que se desprenden del apego al lugar, enseñan los comportamientos que contribuyen en la construcción del apego al lugar (Quinn & Halfcare, 2014 ...
El objetivo de esta investigación es comprender la construcción de identidad étnica y apego al lugar del pueblo Diaguita del Valle del Huasco, norte de Chile, en base a discursos sobre acontecimientos que han cambiado el lugar en el que viven. Para ello se desarrollaron entrevistas biográficas con 19 adultos del pueblo Diaguita, se realizó trabajo de campo entre el 2017 y 2019 en el mismo lugar, y a su vez se efectuó una investigación documental, considerando notas de prensa publicadas entre 2010 y 2018 en las que se presentaban discursos públicos provenientes del pueblo Diaguita. Realizando un análisis basado en la teoría fundamentada, emergieron categorías analíticas denominadas inscripción de la memoria, identidad interpelada, acciones colectivas y bienestar cultural, que aportan con el objetivo de esta investigación.
Se concluye que la construcción de identidad étnica y apego al lugar del pueblo Diaguita involucra un proceso de interacción de las categorías en su conjunto, y en ellas se observa que el bienestar cultural resulta crítico en dicho proceso. Así también, es de gran relevancia considerar, que son las acciones colectivas, las que construyen la manera en que estas interacciones se desarrollan. Por último, se plantea que el lugar de vida presenta un valor emocional y simbólico inconmensurable, asociado a tradiciones, prácticas y artefactos ancestrales, presentándose como la raíz de vida del pueblo Diaguita, otorgando libertad y protección hacia el pueblo, construyendo posibilidades para definirse, distinguirse, sentir, conocer y relacionarse, materializando el pasado, presente y devenir de la cultura, donde su destrucción y amenaza ha sido protagonizada por acciones u omisiones del Estado de Chile.
Palabras clave: Identidad étnica, apego al lugar, bienestar, Diaguita, pueblos indígenas, Psicología Social, imaginarios, violencia, justicia
... Farms often also serve more than purely economic functions. Quinn and Halfacre (2014) find that farmers report their attachment to farmland as due to their want for security, by developing a thriving economic business and leaving a family legacy. Land also provides a place to live and a way to own a means of supply (Sikorska, 2008). ...
The Republic of Ireland possesses a land market that is constrained by minimal sales each year, less than 1%. In an effort to capitalise on milk quota abolition and to increase dairy production, a suite of tax incentives has recently been introduced in the Republic of Ireland to encourage land mobility and long-term leasing among Irish dairy farmers. Using Irish Farm Accountancy Database Network (FADN) data from 2011–2017 to examine this, a Heckman sample selection model explores two aspects; (i) the factors that influence a farmer’s decision to rent, or continue renting, land and (ii) the profitability of dairy farmers renting in land. We find self-selection into the rental market is driven by farm traits that include a high level of hired labour, the presence of a successor, intensive farming practices and dairy discussion group membership. The results show that rental agreements assist farms in achieving economies of scale. The findings provide evidence to support government intervention such as tax incentives for renting out land and knowledge sharing discussion groups.
... repositories of emotion. Although literature is light, researchers have demonstrated farmers often have deep embedded place attachment(Kuehne, 2013;Quinn & Halfacre, 2014) ...
Land tenure is an important variable impacting the vulnerability of people staying on leased land the world over. Land tenure-ship security is widespread in countries where the land is owned by the state or traditional people. The problem in securing a tenured land manifests itself in a number of ways that accentuate environmental and socio-economic impacts. Mounting evidence of reduced tenure security shows that affected communities are often unable to evolve equitably and enjoy long term economic stability. In the Fijian context, many displaced Fijians have moved on and settled in the periphery of towns and cities thus changing the socio-economic equilibrium of the environment. A qualitative study using a case study research design was undertaken to establish the perceptions of a group of sugar cane farmers who had become victims of non- renewal of their land leases in 2002. Findings reveal that expiry and non-renewal of land leases leads to social, economical, cultural, political and even psychological and emotional consequences on internally displaced people. The article outlines the pain and agony of the displaced farmers and how they have made integral adjustments to cope with the challenges of resettling in new environments. Having faced the adversities of extradition and then resettling, the dilemmas of ensuing nomadic journeys present a more daunting unfolding for many - only that they have realized it as a fact of life.
... In addition, they are much less connected to commercial networks (IFAD, 2013;Pfitzer et al., 2009). Due to their personal situation, their emotional ties to land and resources (Quinn and Halfacre, 2014), and their emphasis on social reproduction goals, risk avoidance and securing livelihood sustenance are at the centre of their decisions (Perz, 2005). The lack of capital and connectivity in combination with their socio-cultural preferences greatly restrain their economic choices, which partly explains why poor forest dwellers, if provided with legal access to larger forest areas, function as effective caretakers of the forests (Campos and Nepstad, 2006). ...
... These findings suggest that these bonds extend into the physical and geographic places where the relationship was experienced. This supports previous findings by Quinn and Halfacre (2014), who describe farmers as developing a strong attachment to place-drawing on a sense of safety, peace, reflection and recuperation from their connection with the farm, particularly during personal hardship. These geographic and physical elements of connection, along with the individual relationships that develop within this context, should be considered if there is to be a comprehensive understanding of continuing bonds within those with deep connection to faming land. ...
This article presents qualitative data to explore the experience of farming family members faced with accidental or suicide death and understand how this is experienced within the farming context. Individual semistructured interviews were conducted with 25 members of Australian farming families bereaved by suicide or accidental death. Qualitative data was thematically analyzed. Three interconnected themes were identified: acceptance of risk, normalization of death, pragmatic behavior patterns and connection to place. Bereavement and reconstruction of meaning following suicide or accidental death for farming families is influenced by the cultural, social, geographical, and psychological contexts of farming families. This article challenges traditional conceptions of suicide and accidental death as necessarily experienced as “violent” or “traumatic,” bereavement as experienced similarly across western cultures, and the reaction to suicide or accidental death as one that challenges people’s understanding of their world and leaves them struggling to find a reason why the death occurred.
... In addition, they are much less connected to commercial networks (IFAD, 2013;Pfitzer et al., 2009). Due to their personal situation, their emotional ties to land and resources (Quinn and Halfacre, 2014), and their emphasis on social reproduction goals, risk avoidance and securing livelihood sustenance are at the centre of their decisions (Perz, 2005). The lack of capital and connectivity in combination with their socio-cultural preferences greatly restrain their economic choices, which partly explains why poor forest dwellers, if provided with legal access to larger forest areas, function as effective caretakers of the forests (Campos and Nepstad, 2006). ...
... In attending to this lacuna, this paper aims to unpack the emotional aspects of "land" within the Chinese context. It is argued that the term "land" not only represents a space that supports life, work, recreation, and social communication, but is also a place full of meaningful symbolism [17][18][19][20]. For example, Carvalho-Ribeiro [19] explored the notion of land as an important component of subjective landscape image. ...
This paper examines the concept of land attachment—a positive emotional relationship between a resettled farmer and his or her rural land—in the context of China’s rapid urbanization and the resultant huge number of resettled and landless farmers. It explores the nature of resettled farmers’ emotional relationships to rural land to reveal the kinds of land that are meaningful to famers’ lives, and the differences among different groups. The study’s conceptual framework was based on place attachment theory. Grounded theory was applied to analyze qualitative data obtained from in-depth interviews. The results show that land attachment can be divided into seven categories: landscape, lifestyle, land income, land rights, land rootedness, land culture, and villagers’ relationships. We also observed three categories of emotional relationships between resettled farmers and rural land: “reluctant to give up rural land and with land attachment”, “willing to give up rural land but with land attachment”, and “willing to give up rural land and without land attachment”. This study’s exploration of the concept of land attachment revealed that rural land is not merely an objective asset but that it also has a multidimensional existence, and may be the focus of subjective loss. The study also observed that it would be helpful to deepen understandings of the subjective loss experienced by resettled farmers as a result of land-requisition policies. Drawing from its findings, the paper concludes with suggestions supportive of the sustainable development of future policies and communities.
... One identity farmers may cultivate is that of a land steward -a person who acts according to a stewardship virtue [44][45][46]. Social relations and experiences of caring for the land are critical antecedents of a stewardship virtue [47], including building soil, distributing water, removing weeds, building fences and raising animals [48]. Possessing stewardship values has been shown to increase farmer willingness to participate in conservation efforts and programs [49,50,51 ]. ...
Understanding farmers’ values regarding biodiversity conservation, and how these values inform land use decisions within and around farms is essential because of the amount of land under agricultural production regionally and globally. New research within the emerging context of relational values offers a nuanced perspective that can deepen our understanding of farmer values and subsequent decision making, with direct applications to agricultural policy. Here we provide an initial review of some of the relational values articulated for agricultural systems associated with biodiversity conservation in a diverse literature. We illustrate that these relational values are complex, contribute to the maintenance of multifunctional landscapes, and frequently do not adequately intersect with current conservation policy. We use the literature to identify new areas of conservation biology and sustainability science research that might bridge this gap by understanding farmer's values in relation to conservation policy in multifunctional agricultural landscapes.
... In addition, they are much less connected to commercial networks (IFAD, 2013;Pfitzer et al., 2009). Due to their personal situation, their emotional ties to land and resources (Quinn and Halfacre, 2014), and their emphasis on social reproduction goals, risk avoidance and securing livelihood sustenance are at the centre of their decisions (Perz, 2005). The lack of capital and connectivity in combination with their socio-cultural preferences greatly restrain their economic choices, which partly explains why poor forest dwellers, if provided with legal access to larger forest areas, function as effective caretakers of the forests (Campos and Nepstad, 2006). ...
The Collaborative Partnership on Forests (CPF) tasked the Global Forest Expert Panels initiative (GFEP) to initiate and coordinate a global scientific “Rapid Response
Assessment” on illegal logging and related timber trade. This assessment is designed to gain a deeper understanding of the meaning of illegal logging and associated
timber trade, its scale, drivers and consequences as well as to identify the opportunities and constraints of existing policy and governance initiatives. It aims to provide
a global structured synthesis of existing scientific and expert knowledge on illegal logging and associated timber trade while adding to existing studies and reports by
providing new insights, e.g. a criminology perspective, and new information about timber and timber product trade flows.
trade flows. This comprehensive and unified assessment
also explores future policy options regarding illegal logging
by reaching out to international as well as national
policymakers and stakeholders concerned with legal and
sustainable forest management. Furthermore, it brings together
scientists from various academic disciplines (e.g.,
forest-related policy, law, governance, economics, management,
timber trade) working on the advancement of
the state of knowledge related to illegal logging and associated
timber trade
... Hence, in the present analysis we considered values to be fundamental permeating motives that are closely related to situations and specific circumstances. A farmer may moreover be motivated by a range of factors, from financial to more social and emotional (Burton 2004;Quinn and Halfacre 2014;Howley et al. 2015). Values are formed through social learning from family and friends or through direct experiences (Baron and Byrne 1984). ...
Access to land is a key challenge for prospective farmers in Europe. Retiring family farmers who lack a successor resort to leasing or selling their land, but the decision has implications for the community and the rural landscape for generations to come. It is thus crucial to know more about values and decisions linked to keeping, leasing or selling land, and the opportunities these provide for young farmers seeking to establish a business. It is also important to consider the choice of lessee/buyer and the relationship between the former farmer and lessee/buyer. This study is based on interviews with retired farmers, young farmers and farm advisors in Sweden. The results revealed that the lessee/buyer tends to be carefully chosen by the outgoing farmer and that non-monetary values and motivations, such as social interaction and concern for the environment, the rural community and the agricultural landscape are important. In some cases, the relationship between landowner/former farmer and lessee/buyer resembled family ties. The decision to lease/sell sometimes appeared to be a relief for the retiring farmer. For some lessees/buyers a close relationship with the former farmer provided valuable mentorship, while others valued the greater degree of freedom in leasing/buying compared with inheritance. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
... Efforts to provide context and understand the topics for exploration came first. The reviewed literature ranged from underpinnings of Southern Agrarians and local food traditions in the U.S. South (Grey 2014;Prody and Inabinet 2014;Prody 2013) and articles on the environmental impacts of agriculture and the U.S. Farm Bill (Quinn and Halfacre 2014;Foley et al. 2011) to a study in multimedia ethnographic research methodology (Tobin and Hsueh 2007). Students also learned about the culture of the Na and Nuosu villages of southwest China to gain deeper understanding of the audiences that would participate in the media exchange (Blumenfield 2003;Blumenfield 2014). ...
Global connections are key to undergraduate research, but educators and students rarely connect globally using media that can make education interdisciplinary, engaged with local communities, and maximally sustainable. This article discusses a project that accomplished the aims of the Association of American Colleges & Universities " global learning " criteria, involving interdisciplinary study, external engagement through documentary production and photography, and cultural sharing focused on sustainability. Coordinated by anthropology, Asian studies, and communication studies faculty and carried out with students from these fields and sustainability science, the project combined social sciences, natural sciences, and the humanities to address cultural differences and changes in food production in the United States and China. Outcomes and assessment of independent study and work-study are examined, and recommendations are offered based on lessons learned.
... In addition, they are much less connected to commercial networks (IFAD, 2013;Pfitzer et al., 2009). Due to their personal situation, their emotional ties to land and resources (Quinn and Halfacre, 2014), and their emphasis on social reproduction goals, risk avoidance and securing livelihood sustenance are at the centre of their decisions (Perz, 2005). The lack of capital and connectivity in combination with their socio-cultural preferences greatly restrain their economic choices, which partly explains why poor forest dwellers, if provided with legal access to larger forest areas, function as effective caretakers of the forests (Campos and Nepstad, 2006). ...
... In addition, they are much less connected to commercial networks (IFAD, 2013;Pfitzer et al., 2009). Due to their personal situation, their emotional ties to land and resources (Quinn and Halfacre, 2014), and their emphasis on social reproduction goals, risk avoidance and securing livelihood sustenance are at the centre of their decisions (Perz, 2005). The lack of capital and connectivity in combination with their socio-cultural preferences greatly restrain their economic choices, which partly explains why poor forest dwellers, if provided with legal access to larger forest areas, function as effective caretakers of the forests (Campos and Nepstad, 2006). ...
... In addition, they are much less connected to commercial networks (IFAD, 2013;Pfitzer et al., 2009). Due to their personal situation, their emotional ties to land and resources (Quinn and Halfacre, 2014), and their emphasis on social reproduction goals, risk avoidance and securing livelihood sustenance are at the centre of their decisions (Perz, 2005). The lack of capital and connectivity in combination with their socio-cultural preferences greatly restrain their economic choices, which partly explains why poor forest dwellers, if provided with legal access to larger forest areas, function as effective caretakers of the forests (Campos and Nepstad, 2006). ...
The new assessment report is the most comprehensive scientific analysis to date on illegal logging, related timber trade and available response options. More than 40 renowned scientists from around the world collaborated on the study, which has been coordinated by the International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO) on behalf of the Collaborative Partnership on Forests (CPF). In the report, scientists call for policy measures that fully address all dimensions of illegal logging in order to provide for a sustained future of forests.
... In addition, they are much less connected to commercial networks (IFAD, 2013;Pfitzer et al., 2009). Due to their personal situation, their emotional ties to land and resources (Quinn and Halfacre, 2014), and their emphasis on social reproduction goals, risk avoidance and securing livelihood sustenance are at the centre of their decisions (Perz, 2005). The lack of capital and connectivity in combination with their socio-cultural preferences greatly restrain their economic choices, which partly explains why poor forest dwellers, if provided with legal access to larger forest areas, function as effective caretakers of the forests (Campos and Nepstad, 2006). ...
... Smallholders will also have a relationship with their land that goes beyond its market value as a production factor. Even colonist families develop tight emotional linkages to their land (Quinn and Halfacre 2014). Smallholders also tend to know very well their land and resources and hold profound practical experiences and knowledge of the land, crops and natural resources within their realm (IAASTD 2009). ...
The paper introduces the Special Issue of International Forestry Review, Smallholders and forest landscape transitions: Locally devised development strategies of the tropical Americas. It reviews the existing knowledge on the role of smallholders in rural development, and then contrasts this with the major insights gained from the studies presented in this Special Issue. The paper shows that while there is opportunity to more actively engage smallholders in local development and environmental protection of tropical America, this requires major changes in policy design and implementation. Within the prevailing policy frameworks only a smaller proportion of smallholder families can become economically successful, providing they receive the right support. If policy frameworks are better adapted to the needs and capacities of smallholders, their role in regional sustainable development can be significantly boosted. Whether such a shift of the policy framework is likely in a world where relevant policy mechanisms are dominated by decision makers representing the interests of the societies in urban and developed contexts is an open question. The fact that also these societies will be increasingly faced with the severe effects of climate change, poverty migration, financial crises and food insecurity give grounds for a cautious optimism that more integrative approaches to rural development will be pursued that put smallholders of tropical America and elsewhere, and nature at the centre.
Spanish
El artículo introduce un Volumen Espacial del International Forestry Review, Los pequeños productores y la transición de los paisajes forestales: Estrategias de desarrollo locales las Américas tropicales. El artículo revisa el conocimiento existente sobre el papel de los pequeños productores en el desarrollo rural, y contrasta esto con las conclusiones de los artículos del Volumen Especial. El artículo muestra que, si bien existe la oportunidad de que los pequeños productores participen en el desarrollo local y la protección del medio ambiente de América tropical, esto requiere cambios importantes en el diseño y aplicación de políticas relacionadas. Dentro de los marcos políticos imperantes sólo una pequeña proporción de familias de pequeños productores lograran éxitos económicos, y solo cuando reciban el apoyo adecuado. Si los marcos de la política de desarrollo rural se adaptan mejor a las necesidades y capacidades de los pequeños productores, el papel de ellos en el desarrollo sostenible de la región podrá aumentar de manera significativa. Si un cambio de las políticas de este tipo es probable en un mundo donde los mecanismos de política pertinentes están dominados por los tomadores de decisiones que representen los intereses de las sociedades en contextos urbanos y desarrollados, es una pregunta abierta. El hecho que también estas sociedades confrontaran fuertemente las amenazas enormes del cambio climático, la migración de la pobreza, las crisis financieras y la inseguridad alimenticia, dan razón por un optimismo cuidadoso de que en el futuro se aplicara enfoques más integradores para el desarrollo rural que pondrán los pequeños productores de las Américas tropicales y de otros lugares, y la naturaleza en el centro.
French
Ce papier introduit l'édition spéciale du rapport de la Foresterie internationale Petits exploitants et transitions de paysage forestier: stratégies de développement des amériques tropicales formées localement. Il examine tout d'abord la connaissance existante du rôle des petits exploitants dans le développement rural, et place en contraste les points de vue majeurs des papiers de cette édition spéciale avec cette connaissance. Le papier montre que bien qu'il existe une opportunité d'engagement des petits exploitants dans le développement local et dans la protection environnementale de l'Amérique des tropiques, des changements majeurs sont nécessaires dans la formation et la mise en exécution des politiques. Seule une faible proportion des familles de petits exploitants peuvent espérer devenir des acteurs économiques viables dans les principaux cadres de politiques actuels, et ce, si elles reçoivent un soutien. Si les cadres de politiques sont mieux adaptés aux besoins et aux capacités des petits exploitants, leur rôle dans le développement régional durable peut être considérablement magnifié. Une question ouverte demeure: un changement dans le cadre politique est-il probable dans un monde où les mécanismes politiques appropriés sont dominés par des preneurs de décision représentant les intérêts des sociétés des contextes urbains et développés? A la lueur des menaces énormes, incluant le changement climatique, la migration de la pauvreté, les crises financières et l'insécurité alimentaire, de fortes raisons existent de poursuivre des approches plus intégrantes de développement rural plaçant les petits exploitants, de l'Amérique tropicale et d'ailleurs, et la nature au centre.
English is omnipresent in Gulf societies, and the field of Higher Education (HE) is no exception. While in practice the mixing of linguistic resources through translanguaging is common and natural in students’ daily lives, issues arise when such practice clashes with monolingual language policies and ideologies in English-medium instruction (EMI) settings. Drawing on previous Gulf research, the chapter looks at the mismatch between students’ fluid mixing of Arabic and English in everyday life and English-only policies in HE, with resultant implications on identities and a sense of belonging. From a translanguaging perspective, encouraging learners to utilize full linguistic repertoires in educational settings can promote inclusion and authenticity. Here, teachers and students, as bottom-up language-policy makers, can embrace translanguaging as a source of empowerment which supports and strengthens linguistic identities. Finally, the need for larger scale changes to inclusivity in EMI HE at an institutional and international level is stressed.
Resettlement policy has broken the emotional link between farmers and rural communities. However, most research in this area has focused on the perspective of economic compensation rather than emotional cognition. This study considered the emotional cognition of resettled farmers using the theory of “place attachment,” based on a statistical analysis of questionnaire results following 32 in-depth interviews. A theoretical hypothesis was constructed to explain the influence of resettlement policy on place attachment using the results of 315 questionnaires, with the structural equation model (SEM) method applied to test the hypothesis. The results showed that the classical two-dimensional classification of place attachment (place dependence and place identity) had good statistical applicability for expressing the emotional link between resettled farmers and their former rural community. It was found that six factors generated by the resettlement policy affect farmers’ place attachment: policy evaluation, space shortage, space improvement, rural attributes, land rootedness, and community inclusion. Our findings indicate that in the context of Chinese social culture, resettlement policy has not only materially changed the spatial environment but also the fundamental meaning of place for farmers. Our results provide new insight into how resettlement policy has influenced resettled farmers in the urbanization of China.
This chapter charts the shifting contexts and underlying matrix of ideals that led to contemporary policy settings as experienced at Goolhi, including the deep changes since World War II driven by global economic crises as the impetus for structural reform, the rise of the neoliberal paradigm and intensifying globalisation. Through this time, Australia has taken a significantly different posture towards trade and farm policy and retreated from state-supported agriculture. Together with significant deregulation, Australia’s preference for free trade and the rising importance of China as key trade partner has shifted the set of political priorities in this arena. Through a re-calibration of the role of the state, farm operations have necessarily become focused on efficiency and productivity and there have been significant sociological effects.
This chapter provides an overview of the theoretical basis of economic sociology to situate this book at the intersection of political economy, the politics of space, and issues of place and identity that take particular import in a farming context. This theory demonstrates that capitalism, as the dominant mode of economic organisation, involves significant social change because economic systems are socially and culturally constructed and embedded. Following Polanyi, the state is always involved in the construction of the market and it is this relation that shapes outcomes. This locates the book as a response to calls for research into the actual processes of change and highlights the key understandings of interpretive economic sociology as a way of understanding the relationship between macro- and micro-contexts.
Since the 1980s, many parts of rural Australia have experienced persistent financial difficulties. However, there is a lack of accounts on how farmers have improved business performance while maintaining traditional farming culture. By focusing on dairy farmers in the Illawarra region in New South Wales, Australia, this study examines the evolution of family farming culture under global agricultural change. Dairy farming dominates Illawarra agriculture, and has been constantly pressured by neoliberal policy reform and adverse market conditions. This study draws on public data, semi‐structured interviews, and participant observation. In recent decades, dairy farming has shown a trend of declining farm numbers. A longstanding culture of family farming has existed in the Illawarra and continues to shape farmers' lifestyle and business. Farmer interviewees shared this culture, and continued farming partly for non‐economic reasons. However, under economic pressures farmers both compromised some elements of this traditional farming culture, and drew on the strategic value of other elements.
This paper discusses the decline of traditional pottery making in rural southwestern Ethiopia and its causes and looks at the potters’ responses to socio-economic and cultural shocks that have been instigated by the decline. Pottery making in southwestern Ethiopia forms a distinct female-only occupational identity, and potters are socially marginalized and forced into endogamous social groups. Recent government land policies have limited their already meager access to clay resources, while imported plastic and enamel objects offer comparative advantages over locally made ceramics. However, potters have not passively accepted the shocks brought about by the land policy and the influx of imported objects. Instead, they have devised strategies to obtain clay and have included imported foreign objects into their technology, despite the fact that these new objects are not part of their technological traditions.
The gap between quantitative and qualitative analysis was largely bridged with the increasing availability of digital texts and the dramatic improvement of algorithmic methods for extracting information from text.Most researchers working with data analytics software find that R-language capabilities are widely accepted and are utilizedin research and teaching. Currently, open source software utilization practices have been adopted by our Department in empirical research and research work for which the acceptance and enthusiasm of students is significant. Following are characteristics and functions of coding, aggregation, and data visualization of the open source RQDA qualitative analysis software, a R package that is now widely accepted by a broad range of disciplines.
http://ejournals.lib.auth.gr/synthesis/article/view/7729/7514
The Psychology of Place Attachment confirms the cognitive-emotional bond that humans, since early times, have with a specific place. A material place is not only shaped physically and psychologically/spiritually by its inhabitants, but it in turn also shapes them, as it mediates the meanings ascribed to it through its sensuous presence. Appreciating Ps 128 through the "readerly lens" of place attachment (also as part of the ma'ªalôt-collection and Psalter as a whole), it was found that the poet(s) of this wisdom (-Torah ethical) psalm intuitively grasped the psychological benefits that a place exerts on its inhabitants. The experiences of memory, belonging, positive emotions, privacy and reflection, comfort and security, entertainment and aesthetics are reflected in the psalm. Both the small, intimate household and larger community Zion/Jerusalem, mediate Yahweh's presence and blessing, also as a retributive response to a wise life-style. Zion/Jerusalem and all it encompasses, become the centre of the universe, the place par excellence for a fulfilled life.
Abstract:
___________________________________________________________________________________
With the increasing availability of digital texts and the dramatic
improvement of algorithmic methods for extracting information from text, the gap between quantitative and qualitative analysis has been bridged. Most researchers working with data analytics software find that R-language capabilities are widely accepted and are utilized in research and teaching. Currently, open source software utilization practices have been adopted by our Department in empirical research and research work for which the acceptance and enthusiasm of students is significant. Following are characteristics and functions of coding, aggregation, and data visualization of the open source RQDA qualitative analysis software, a R package that is now widely accepted by a broad range of disciplines.
_______________________________________________________________________________
Keywords:
Qualitative Research, Open-source Software, Grounded Theory, RQDA
_______________________________________________________________________________
Περίληψη:
Με τη διαθεσιμότητα ψηφιακών κειμένων να αυξάνει εκθετικά, και τη θεαματική βελτίωση αλγοριθμικών μεθόδων για την εξαγωγή πληροφοριών από σώματα κειμένων έχει γεφυρωθεί η απόσταση μεταξύ ποσοτικής και ποιοτικής ανάλυσης. H πλειοψηφία ερευνητών που ασχολούμαστε με λογισμικά ανάλυσης δεδομένων, διαπιστώνουμε ότι οι δυνατότητες της γλώσσας R αναγνωρίζονται ευρύτατα και αξιοποιούνται ερευνητικά και διδακτικά. Εδώ και κάποια χρόνια, έχουν υιοθετηθεί στο οικείο Τμήμα και Εργαστήριο πρακτικές αξιοποίησης λογισμικού ανοικτού κώδικα σε εμπειρικές έρευνες, αλλά και ερευνητικές εργασίες για τις οποίες η αποδοχή και ο ενθουσιασμός των φοιτητών είναι αξιοσημείωτος. Ακολούθως παρουσιάζονται δυνατότητες και λειτουργίες κωδικοποίησης, συνάθροισης και οπτικοποίησης δεδομένων του ανοικτού λογισμικού ποιοτικής ανάλυσης RQDA , που αποτελεί πρόσθετο πακέτο της γλώσσας R, η οποία πλέον απολαμβάνει σημαντική αποδοχή από ευρύ φάσμα επιστημονικών πεδίων.
_______________________________________________________________________________
Λέξεις Κλειδιά: Ποιοτική Ανάλυση, Ανοικτό Λογισμικό, Εμπειρικά Θεμελιωμένη Θεωρία, RQDA
_______________________________________________________________________________
CITE AS:
Koutsoupias, N. (2019). Ποιοτική Ανάλυση με Ανοικτό Λογισμικό. Synthesis, 8(1), 188-223. https://doi.org/10.26262/syn.v8i1.7729
_______________________________________________________________________________
Companion site: http://qdas.uom.gr
The relationship between the state and the market has undergone significant change in many nations over the last half-century and Australia is an instructive example of this change, with neoliberal economic reforms governing much of Australia's recent economic development. Nation-building policies after World War II included the provision of land settlement options for returned servicemen. A detailed case study of one of these settlements, that of Goolhi in New South Wales, Australia provides a telling account of the lived experience of the effects of neoliberal economic reform in Australia within the agricultural sector, and more specifically of the deregulation of the Australian Wheat Board. Whilst having been established as a direct result of nation-building policies, the community at Goolhi was effectively dismantled through the deep restructure of the sector brought about through the state's intensifying neoliberal stance. This research demonstrates both the sociological and subjective effects of the experience of the changing role of the state, particularly the experience of new burdens in a ‘free’ market. This small-scale and in-depth study provides a detailed empirical case study of a community that sits at the intersection of outcomes of deeply changed policy orientations.
This paper explores the conceptual possibilities of place friendship, and posits it as a valid form of place relationship that is different from the more widely accepted place relationship concepts typically considered under the broader construct of sense of place. After reviewing the literature on friendship, a framework for envisioning child-friendly places based on six essential conditions of friendship is proposed: mutual affection and personal regard; shared interests and activities; commitment; loyalty; self-disclosure and mutual understanding; and horizontality. These concepts, when translated into environmental terms with the help of literature from the fields of environment-behavior, environmental psychology and children's geography, help to define a child-friendly place from a socio-physical perspective. This definition is in contrast to the broad, rhetorical, rights-based goals of health, education, safety, etc. that currently underpin the UN vision of the child-friendly city. This paper proposes that research needs to investigate the functional and phenomenological possibilities of places that children consider to be their friends in order for child-friendly cities to have any real meaning for children.
To enhance land managers' ability to address deeper landscape meanings and place-specific symbolic values in natural resource decision making, this study evaluated the psychometric properties of a place attachment measure designed to capture the extent of emotions and feelings people have for places. Building on previous measurement efforts, this study examined the validity and generalizability of place attachment across measurement items, places, and dimensions (place dependence and place identity) of attachment. Colorado State University students (n = 65) rated four forest-based recreation sites on two dimensions of place attachment. In addition, data from a sample of University of Illinois students (n = 380) and visitors to Shenandoah National Park (n = 2005) and Mt. Rogers National Recreation Area (n = 369) were analyzed and compared to the Colorado sample. Confirmatory factor analysis of these four data sets demonstrated that subjects distinguish between two dimensions of attachment and assign different levels of attachment to the different areas. Generalizability analysis of the Colorado data provided additional evidence for the two-dimensional structure and suggested that each attachment dimension can be reliably measured with as few as four questionnaire items. Convergent validity was supported through analyses of the relationships between the place attachment measures and both behavioral and psychological variables predicted to be related to place attachment. FOR. SCI. 49(6):830840.
Although sense of place definitions nominally include the physical environment, much research has emphasized the social construction of sense of place and neglect the potentially important contributions of the physical environment to place meanings and attachment. This article presents research that tests several models that integrate (1) characteristics of the environment, (2) human uses of the environment, (3) constructed meanings, and (4) place attachment and satisfaction. The research utilized a mail survey of 1,000 property owners in a lake-rich region (the Northern Highlands Lake District of Northern Wisconsin). Structural equation modeling revealed that the best fit model integrating environmental variables with sense of place was a meaning-mediated model that considered certain landscape attributes (i.e., level of shoreline development) as predictive of certain meanings related to attachment and satisfaction. This research demonstrates that landscape attributes matter a great deal to constructed meanings; these constructions are not exclusively social.
This paper presents a discussion of my personal experiences of selling a family farm and analyses those experiences using the layered account form of autoethnographic writing. I describe how the cultural influences from family farming led me, a farmer’s son, to also become a farmer, why farmers may choose to continue in their occupation sometimes against increasingly negative economic pressures, why I continued farming for as long as I did, and the thoughts and feelings associated with my decision to sell my farm and exit the industry. I discuss the emotions that I experienced and place them in a theoretical context that makes them more understandable to others. Because this paper examines the effects from my decision to retire from farming it makes a contribution to the limited literature on farmer’s retirement.
The purpose of this investigation was to explore the meanings recreationists tenting at an agricultural fair associated with the settings in which their fair experience occurred. Using a symbolic interactionist framework, our analysis of data collected through onsite observation and using photo-elicitation guided interviews illustrated that informants' place meanings were the product of interactive processes involving the individual, their social world and the physical setting. These interactions elicited meanings tied to place that were largely independent of the physical attributes that defined the setting. Most significant were specific place experiences shared with family and close friends. The importance attached to these relationships and experiences were embedded in the spatial contexts that encapsulated informants' fair experience. Findings from this investigation shed light on the social construction of place meaning within a built environment.
Place theory offers no explanation of the developmental processes by which place attachment arises. Drawing on recent findings in human attachment theory, this study offers a developmental model of the process by which place attachment emerges from a childhood place experience. A pattern of positively affected experiences of place in childhood are generalised into an unconscious internal working model of place which manifests subjectively as a long-term positively affected bond to place known as place attachment. Qualitative analysis of adult remembrance of childhood place experience provides support for this model and finds important parallels in the developmental processes underpinning place attachment and human attachment as well as some differences.
Carrying forward his inquiry into the nature and conditions of normal and abnormal development, Lichtenberg focuses on motivation. His goal is to offer an alternative to psychoanalytic drive theory that accommodates the developmental insights of infancy research while accounting for the entire range of phenomena addressed by the theory of instinctual drives. To this end, he propounds a comprehensive theory of the self, which then gains expression in five discrete yet interactive motivational systems.
This Special Issue presents research and theoretical developments concerning farm-family transitions. Specifically, how qualitative methods sometimes combined with quantitative approaches can bring new understanding to farm-family functioning and the transitions experienced over several generations or years. The research provides rich details about transition points such as marriages and succession, and changes in production techniques or commodity. This information supports theory building about the family response to ecological (e.g., physical, economic, political, social) opportunities and constrains. The Special Issue authors offer useful conceptualizations, research strategies, and theory building that can enhance knowledge about the interplay of farm and family, business and lifestyle. Information is presented about family farming in a dozen or more countries. In this article the authors present background information about family farming as a context for introducing the articles in the Special Issue. An attempt is made to explain why the family farm is still a significant organisational element in farming, even in the industrialised-capitalist west. An explanation is given of how different farming paradigms (yeoman, entrepreneur) and farm-family types (Traditional farmers on the break-even point; Modernizers out of necessity, Part-time farmers, Innovative entrepreneurs) can lead to diverse strategies for responding to issues of modernity and changing agricultural conditions.
Place attachment is the symbolic relationship formed by people giving culturally shared emotional/affective meanings to a particular space or piece of land that provides the basis for the individual’s and group’s understanding of and relation to the environment. This chapter applies this definition of place attachment in order to identify a range of types of place attachment in cultural terms, and to present ethnographic examples of each type. It is argued that while there are often strong individualistic feelings that may be unique to specific people, these feelings are embedded in a cultural milieu. Thus, place attachment is more than an emotional and cognitive experience, and includes cultural beliefs and practices that link people to place. This discussion is illustrated with examples of how these often overlapping place attachment processes occur in the central plaza of San José, Costa Rica. Future research directions for a cultural analysis of place attachment are suggested as part of the conclusion.
In spite of the fact that chain referral sampling has been widely used in qualitative sociological research, especially in the study of deviant behavior, the problems and techniques involved in its use have not been adequately explained. The procedures of chain referral sampling are not self-evident or obvious. This article attempts to rectify this methodological neglect. The article provides a description and analysis of some of the problems that were encountered and resolved in the course of using the method in a relatively large exploratory study of ex-opiate addicts.
Farmers have traditionally been perceived as having a deep attachment to land and place that contrasts with the mobility of modern society. In this paper, we use this work as a starting point for analysing new forms of attachments among a cohort of Australian farmers who are highly mobile in their business activities. In response, we devise a new way of thinking about farmer attachments that involves decoupling three elements: attachment to farming as an activity and source of agrarian identity; attachment to the farm as an economic and social unit; and attachment to place. Individual farmers recombine these different elements of attachment in different ways, depending on their specific context, promoting both mobility and stasis. We illustrate these recombinant attachments through examples of globally engaged Australian farmers who enact different configurations of attachment of place, farm business and farming identity.
Many coastal communities have strong links to fishing that span generations where fishing is a way of life that goes beyond the means to earning a living. Fishing's influence is not confined to those activities that take place at sea, but spills over onto land to create a particular identity and sense of place in coastal towns inherently linked to fishing. Using Hastings in south-east England, with Britain's largest beach-launched fleet, as a case study, this paper considers how marine fishing contributes to place-making. Through an examination of the physical environment and semi-structured interviews, the study found that fishers have deep attachments to the fishing beach, called the Stade, which also defines their identity as individuals and as a fishing community. Non-fishers also value the contribution that fishing makes to the character of the town and its importance for related industries such as tourism. A deeper understanding of the attachments that fishers and non-fishers form with fishing places is needed to inform both local planning and regeneration strategies and, more broadly, fisheries and marine policy.
This paper reviews research in place attachment and organizes the material into three sections: research, method, and theory. A review of several hundred empirical and theoretical papers and chapters reveals that despite mobility and globalization processes, place continues to be an object of strong attachments. The main message of the paper is that of the three components of the tripartite model of place attachment (Scannell & Gifford, 2010a), the Person component has attracted disproportionately more attention than the Place and Process components, and that this emphasis on individual differences probably has inhibited the development of a theory of place attachment. Suggestions are offered for theoretical sources that might help to fill the gaps, including theories of social capital, environmental aesthetics, phenomenological laws of order, attachment, and meaning-making processes that stem from movements and time-space routines.
Several years ago Hidalgo and Hernandez reported a curvilinear, U-shaped, relationship between scale of place (apartment, neighborhood, city) and strength of attachment to the place. In this paper four studies are presented, carried out in four Central-European cities, that (1) confirmed the reported curvilinear relationship using five places (apartment, building, neighborhood, city district, city) in three out of four cities and for five items of the Place Attachment Scale, (2) revealed a consistent curvilinear, inverse U-shaped relationship between scale of place and percentage of variance of place attachment predicted by three groups of factors: physical (type of housing, size of building, upkeep and personalization of house precincts, etc.), social (neighborhood ties and sense of security in the residence place), and socio-demographic (age, education, gender, length of residence, family size), and (3) identified strength of direct and indirect effects of the three groups of predictors on attachment to the five types of places. The curvilinear relationship between place scale and place attachment was particularly strong in highly attractive cities and in those scale items that described people's emotional reactions to places whereas a linear relationship was obtained in the least attractive city and in the items that referred to sense of security, amount of control and knowledge of place. In all four cities the best predicted variable was attachment to middle ranges of the place scale (building and neighborhood). The overall best direct predictor of place attachment was neighborhood ties, followed by direct and indirect effects of length of residence, building size, and type of housing. In conclusion it is argued that the usual choice of predictors of place attachment is biased by researchers' interest in the middle scales of place (neighborhood) at the expense of other place scales. In the paper a claim is made that attachments to smaller (apartments, homes) and larger (city) scales of place along with their unique predictors deserve more attention from environmental psychologists.
phenomenological philosophy / psychological research on consciousness / descriptive and qualitative research / doing psychological research from a phenomenological perspective
data gathering / data from self-reflection / data gathered from participants / selection of subjects / interview / data from previously developed descriptions / results of data collection
data analysis / essential structures as findings / a search for lived-structures of essences / steps in the analysis / transformation and synthesis of the data
expressions of the findings / the research report / issues of validity / usefulness of phenomenological research (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Developments in the agricultural industry are requiring dramatic in the role of the farmer away from intensive production oriented approaches towards more sustainable forms of agiculture. While this may appear to require a relatively simply change in emphasis, production based roles not only contain economic value, but contain social value in that they are used to communicate status as a 'good farmer'. Thus, when farmers are asked to change approaches to agriculture, they are not only incurring economic costs but also social costs and this is rarely, if at all, acknowledged. This study uses a symbolic interactionist framework to investigate the symbolic meaning of intensive agricultural production: how crops/livestock are perceived by farmers, how they convey status, and how they are linked with the status of the farm family within the farming community. It concludes that understanding the true meaning of agricultural activities on the farm and considering these factors in the development of policy may reduce the potential loss of established farm families from the land and the subsequent loss of decades or even centuries of experience, knowledge and local history.
The concept of place identity has been the subject of a number of empirical studies in a variety of disciplines, but there have been relatively few attempts to integrate this literature into a more general theory of identity and environment. Such endeavors have been limited by a lack of studies that simultaneously examine identification with places of different scale. This article addresses this critical omission by analyzing how residents of Cape Cod, Massachusetts, develop a sense of home with respect to dwelling, community, and region. Our results suggest that different social and environmental factors discriminate identification across place loci: specifically, that demographic qualities of residents and interpretive residential affiliations are critical to dwelling identity; that social participation in the local community is essential for community identity; and that patterns of intercommunity spatial activity promote a regional identity. Such understandings, we propose, are important to constructing an integrated theory of place identity, one sensitive to the complex ways the self is situated in the social-spatial environment.
Neighborhood attachment relates to one’s emotional connection to physical and social environments. Such bonds are critical for shaping how people interact with their local environments, connect with others and may be vital for fostering sustainable health behavior change related to nutrition and physical activity. Using data from a population-based survey of neighborhood environments and health in Denver, Colorado (n = 410 respondents; n = 45 block-groups) and hierarchical linear modeling techniques, we examined the relationship between objective and perceived neighborhood conditions (e.g., crime, physical incivilities, sense of safety), social processes (e.g., collective efficacy) and recreational gardening and neighborhood attachment. Results indicate length of residency, collective efficacy, and home and community garden participation are associated with neighborhood attachment. Further research is warranted to consider neighborhood attachment as an intervening mechanism through which gardens and other outdoor everyday places may influence health behavior change.
The theme of this paper is the family farm and the problems of defining it. The approach taken is to recognize the difference between theoretical definitional practices of sociologists and anthropologists, on the one hand, and everyday definitional practices of family farmers on the other. The former focus upon observable behaviour and/or quantitative measures that are used to construct an analytical concept with precise boundaries; the latter are not interested in defining the boundaries of the concept of the family farm but in understanding the nature and operations of their family farms so that they can reproduce them in their everyday activities. They attend to what is most central and ideal to the family farm and this is the basis of their concept of the family farm. Through an ethnographic account of hill sheep farms in the Scottish borderlands, the paper argues that the essence of family farms is a consubstantial relation between family and farm such that the distinct existence and form of both partake of or become united in a common substance that is transmitted over generations. The analysis highlights the economic and social interdependence of family and farm, the process by which the farm becomes embodied through family labour, the strategies adopted by the family to ensure the transfer of the farm to the following generation, and the use of a genetic metaphor to transpose a legal relation between family and farm into a consubstantial one.
Early studies and observations of working-class communities reveal the physical environment itself as a very meaningful aspect of urban social life, a finding strongly borne out by the study of the relocation of several thousand people from the West End of Boston (1958–1961). Attachment to place is a characteristic feature of life in many poor, ethnic, immigrant communities. The development of a sense of spatial identity is a critical component of attachment experiences in such local areas.As a consequence of such spatial identity, built on the convergence of physical places and social relationships, displacement from the community entails widespread grief and mourning. But life, even in these relatively stable and enclosed communities, is not simply continuous: people change, communities change, social discontinuities are inevitable. And the stable forms of attachment which are so highly adaptive to the first or second generation ethnic community inhibit progression to new urban environments and to new conditions of social life when these become desirable or necessary. While community ties are often of importance at all social class levels and serve as stabilizing forces, the transition to new statuses, wider opportunities, and new conditions of life implies a more attenuated form of place attachment. However, many people remain addicted to encompassing forms of continuity in community attachments. Spatial identities which are highly functional at one point can thus become dysfunctional. These commitments can become the basis for contagious violence and bloodshed especially after the demise of long-term autocratic controls which leave a political hiatus and present us with pathologies of community attachment, visible in the territorial conflicts of recent decades.
One of the limitations in the study of attachment to place has been its restriction to the spatial range of neighbourhood. Apart from some studies analysing attachment to house, there is a gap regarding other spatial environments. In this sense, we do not know to what extent people can be attached to other spatial categories, i.e., to bigger or smaller places, and whether the neighbourhood range is effectively the basic level of attachment, as many studies assume. On the other hand, most studies on attachment to place have viewed places as social environments only. We have found very few references to the physical dimension of place in the definition of the concept and also few regarding its operationalization. In this study, we measured place attachment within three spatial ranges (house, neighbourhood, and city) and two dimensions (physical and social), in order to establish some comparison between them. We did so by interviewing 177 people from different areas of Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Spain). The results indicate that attachment to place develops to different degrees within different spatial ranges and dimensions. Among the results, we can highlight that: 1) attachment to neighbourhood is the weakest; 2) social attachment is greater than physical attachment; and 3) the degree of attachment varies with age and sex.
Place attachment has been researched quite broadly, and so has been defined in a variety of ways. The various definitions of the concept are reviewed and synthesized into a three-dimensional, person–process–place organizing framework. The person dimension of place attachment refers to its individually or collectively determined meanings. The psychological dimension includes the affective, cognitive, and behavioral components of attachment. The place dimension emphasizes the place characteristics of attachment, including spatial level, specificity, and the prominence of social or physical elements. In addition, potential functions of place attachment are reviewed. The framework organizes related place attachment concepts and thus clarifies the term. The framework may also be used to stimulate new research, investigate multidimensionality, create operational definitions for quantitative studies, guide semi-structured interviews for qualitative studies, and assist in conflict resolution for successful land-use management.
Climate, vegetation, and soils
- G Carbone
- J J Hidore
Carbone, G., & Hidore, J. J. (2008). Climate, vegetation, and soils. In D. G.
Bennett and J. C. Patton (Eds.), A Geography of the Carolinas. Boone, NC:
Parkway Publishers.
Calling the station home
- M D Dominy
Dominy, M. D. (2001). Calling the station home. Lanham, MD: Rowman and
Littlefield Publishers.
RQDA: R-based qualitative data analysis
- R Huang
Huang, R. (2012). RQDA: R-based qualitative data analysis. R package version
0.2-3. Retrieved from http://rqda.r-forge.r-project.org/