No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the author.
Enhancing Qualitative and Mixed Methods Research with Technology
Abstract
In light of the expensive nature of quantitative research, such as experiments, researchers must seek other methods of understanding the world around them. As such, new qualitative methods are gaining ground in the modern research community. Enhancing Qualitative and Mixed Methods Research with Technology explores the integration of new digital tools into the research process. Including current information on data visualization, research design, information capture, as well as social media analysis, this publication serves as an ideal reference source for academicians, scientists, information specialists, business managers, and upper-level students involved in interdisciplinary research.
... Video conference technology enabled face-toface interaction between the researcher and participant and allowed observation of nonverbal communication that can enhance interpretation and the credibility of findings. 45 In line with the phenomenological approach, the interview guide ( Fig. 1) consisted of 1 grand tour, or contextualization question asking participants to talk about their experience of active involvement in APTA. This was followed by 3 structural questions and prompts to explore and clarify the phenomenon through meaning-making and imaginative variation. ...
... Although use of video conferencing is generally considered acceptable, technological difficulties have been identified as the greatest limitation for interviews. 45 To mitigate these limitations, we used several strategies to limit bias and increase methodological rigor. Establishing criteria for data saturation a priori created transparency and mitigated some of the subjectivity during data analysis. ...
Objective
Professional associations rely on the work of volunteer leaders to serve their members. There is little known about the experiences of individuals who choose to seek and participate in these volunteer roles in the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA). The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand the lived experience of early career professionals engaged in volunteer leadership in the APTA.
Methods
The study used a phenomenological design to explore the experience of volunteer leadership by novice physical therapists. Physical therapists holding a volunteer leadership position in the APTA and in the first 7 years of clinical practice were recruited using purposeful sampling. One-on-one semi-structured interviews were conducted. Following transcription, interviews were analyzed and coded using the constant comparison method.
Results
Thirteen physical therapists participated. Eleven themes emerged that represented internal factors that facilitated volunteerism: Passion, Internal drive, Always involved, Protect and advance the profession; external forces that facilitated and sustained volunteer leadership: Professional role models, Meeting the leaders, Someone asked, Support of others; and behaviors that sustained their involvement: Learning while doing, Future plans, and Encouraging others involvement.
Conclusions
Novice physical therapists who volunteer for leadership roles within the APTA have a passion for protecting and advancing the profession that leads to their decision to volunteer. Other members including faculty and experienced leaders in the association facilitate their initial volunteerism and help to sustain their engagement. Support from employers, including time off and flexible schedules, and making plans for future involvement were crucial to their continued volunteer activity.
... Esta complejidad en las técnicas de recopilación y análisis de datos en la investigación de TEL se ve facilitada por el uso de herramientas tecnológicas. El apoyo tecnológico para la investigación de TEL no solo se refiere a paquetes de software cada vez más eficaces y abiertos para el análisis estadístico, sino también a herramientas específicamente dirigidas al análisis cualitativo (Duca & Metzler, 2019;Hai-Jew, 2015). El papel del apoyo tecnológico para la investigación de TEL se hace aún más relevante en el caso de los diseños de investigación de métodos mixtos (Greene, 2007). ...
... En esos diseños, los investigadores de TEL necesitan incorporar técnicas de análisis que permitan la triangulación eficaz y eficiente de los datos procedentes de fuentes tanto cualitativas como cuantitativas. En muchos casos, esas técnicas de análisis no serían viables sin el apoyo que proporcionan los instrumentos tecnológicos (Hesse-Biber & Griffin, 2013;Hai-Jew, 2015). ...
Nowadays, technologies play a key role in educational research processes, especially in the context of complex designs or integrative perspectives (qualitative and quantitative). Affordances provided by new tools and technological devices are constantly impacting the way educational research is carried out. Consequently, this growing importance (and dependence on) technology for educational research calls for a deeper reflection, not only about its clear benefits, but also about its potential drawbacks and limitations. This paper explores this tension in a specific mixed-methods research design aimed at understanding the barriers preventing the adoption of Learning Design (LD) tools/methods, a significant problem in the research field of Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL). Different actors (teachers and researchers) were involved in the research design, which included a systematic literature review, a Delphi study and a case study. Such an articulated design required the adoption of technologies to support the process in all its phases. The paper describes the main methodological implications of the employed technologies in the different methods applied and in the overall research. The conclusions of the paper highlight that while technologies definitely support a higher level of complexity and articulation of the research design, they might also lead to superficial or biased results.
En la actualidad las tecnologías desempeñan un papel fundamental en los procesos de investigación educativa, especialmente cuando se realizan diseños complejos o desde perspectivas integradoras (Cuantitativas y Cualitativas). Las facilidades ofrecidas por nuevas herramientas y dispositivos tecnológicos influyen constantemente en la forma en que se lleva a cabo la investigación educativa. Por consiguiente, esta creciente importancia de la tecnología para la investigación educativa exige una reflexión más profunda, no sólo sobre sus evidentes beneficios, sino también sobre sus posibles inconvenientes y limitaciones. En este artículo se explora esa tensión en un diseño de investigación desde una estrategia mixta centrada en la identificación y comprensión de las barreras que impiden la adopción de herramientas/métodos de Diseño de Aprendizaje, un problema importante en el campo del aprendizaje mejorado por tecnología (Technology Enhanced Learning). Diferentes actores (profesores e investigadores) han participado en el diseño de la investigación, que incluye una revisión sistemática de la literatura, un estudio Delphi y un estudio de caso, generando un diseño muy articulado con tecnologías para cada fase. En el documento se describen las principales repercusiones metodológicas de las tecnologías empleadas en los diferentes métodos aplicados y en la investigación en general. Las conclusiones del documento ponen de relieve que, si bien las tecnologías apoyan en gran medida un nivel alto de complejidad y ayudan a articular el propio diseño, también pueden dar lugar a resultados superficiales o sesgados.
... Although 4IR is about emerging technologies and how they blend into the physical world, it is also about the size, speed and scope of change and access to knowledge (Schwab, 2016). 4IR changed not only how researchers work, but also how they express themselves and obtain data for analysis with more opportunities for knowledge sharing since technologies connect people and ideas globally (Shalin, 2015). Researchers nowadays have considerable advantages because of the speed of and greater access to technology and connectivity, but these also pose challenges (Sappleton, 2013). ...
... Since researchers set great store on access to new technologies and the ease with which they can study and report on previously unattainable topics (Shalin, 2015), it is acknowledged that combining a social media study with Q methodology could make the study more time-consuming. This should, however, not deter social media researchers to enrich their studies with a unique alternative method. ...
This paper proposes that social media studies could be complemented with Q methodology when a topic that plays out in social media is complex, controversial or sensitive to allow for deep-seated, integrated online and off-line perspectives. Although the Fourth Industrial Revolution brought researchers more opportunities and advantages to study topics that were previously inaccessible, using technologies for research does not come without challenges. This is especially the case with social media studies comprising large datasets and where it is not always possible to identify fake profiles, bots, spam or manipulated information without having access to advanced data analysis software. Another point is that views expressed in social media do not always represent offline perspectives. However, while Q methodology has, over the years, adapted its techniques to accommodate new technologies, more can be done to embrace a web 2.0 environment. Why and how social media studies could be augmented with Q methodology to reveal individuals’ perspectives and attitudes about topics will be examined and potential difficulties will be highlighted. Not yet a mainstream method, Q methodology combines the strengths of two robust qualitative and quantitative methods sequentially to reveal and isolate the subjective perspectives of groups of participants. This methodology could, therefore, be useful when a social media study puts forward novel ideas and findings that should be supported by offline views. In this regard, the paper provides some guidelines by referring to the five phases of a Q study and describing how a social media study could not only benefit from but also apply Q methodology to augment results. Supplementing social media research with Q methodology could be empowering and provide opportunities for further research and debate.
... It was easy for me to use these apps as I was still able to audio-record the interviews and all participants had access to either or both (on their computer, iPad or cell-phones) and used them frequently. The main problem -as posed by one of these women -involved their level of comfort in sharing personal stories in a space that may not be private (Hai-Jew 2014). This was in relation to the fact that using a video-conferencing software could impact on perceptions of privacy as oftentimes the participants cannot be sure that they are alone which could result in a more 'stifled' form of communication. ...
... Interestingly, using these apps did not appear to impact negatively on the telling of the stories which were often compelling, rich and personal. Similar to the experience of Deakin and Wakefield (2013) and Hai-Jew (2014), these women seemed relaxed and comfortable in participating in relatively long interviews (often over an hour) on really tight and busy schedules. I attributed this to two main factors: ...
This article highlights the additional marginalisation of black female academics within the UK academy of higher education. The article engages with the narratives of eight such women as they navigate their careers as a minority-of-minorities within high-ranking institutions. The literature on black academic severe under-representation, intersectionality theory and the author’s own experience as a black female academic is used abductively to story the narratives and engage the reader towards an emancipatory aim. Critically, it highlights the additional marginalisation of black academics due to racism and the double marginalisation of black females based primarily on their race and gender. The findings both confirm and richly contextualise the literature from an insider perspective. The narratives provide implications for policy and further research.
... Each and every interview was recorded through an audio recording device and the interviews were fully transcribed in the next step. Translating data is widely recognized as an important aspect of qualitative analysis since it provides deep meaning and understanding into the obtained data (Shalin, 2014). Following that, the data from interviews conducted was evaluated using the thematic content analysis approach (Maguire and Delahunt, 2017). ...
Abstract: The whole world is now buffering for the COVID 19 pandemic. Bangladesh is not beyond that. The COVID 19 pandemic
began in November 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei, China (COVID-19 pandemic – Wikipedia, 2022).In Bangladesh, this COVID 19 virus was
identified in the human body on 8th March 2020 (IEDCR, 2020).To arrest the mass outbreak of this virus along with observing this
pandemic situation, The Government of Bangladesh had decided to shut down all educational institutions from 18 March until 13th
September in 2021. As a consequence, Bangladesh's public education system, like that of most other countries throughout the world,
has been severely impacted by the covid-19 pandemic. To mitigate the loss of the students and keep going on education, the
government of Bangladesh decided to implement an online education system without physical attendance in classes. This pandemic
has a huge impact on every aspect of human life from day-to-day life to the economy of the whole world. As a result, the way of the
education system of Bangladesh has been changed dramatically like any other country in the world. The whole world is now moving
towards an online education system. This online education system has some positive and negative aspects. The objective of this study
is to explore the challenges faced by teachers, especially primary school teachers in rural areas of Bangladesh while conducting online
classes. This study is conducted in the Barishal division of Bangladesh during COVID 19 pandemic from the year 2020 to 2021. This
study identifies and explains the challenges faced by the primary school teacher in the Barishal division of Bangladesh while
conducting online classes. This is a qualitative study and exploratory in nature. The purposive sampling procedure was used to select
the 30 respondents of the study. The respondents were primary school teachers of rural villages from different primary schools of the
Barishal division of Bangladesh. The semi-structured in-depth interview method was used to collect Primary data extending from 30 to
45 minutes. The collected data were analyzed using the thematic analysis method and six themes were developed. (Familial Support as
a Determinant of Women Career Development: A Qualitative Study, 2020)
... Clay (2020: 2) thus concludes that pandemics "are not fallow periods, neither are they holidays for researchers but rather times they must get busy with other alternative ways of carrying out their research activities". Instead, they are critical times for researchers to consider the multiple challenges brought about by the pandemic (Nehls, Smith & Schneider, 2015). https://doi.org/10.38140/pie.v41i4.6668 ...
The objective of this study was to ascertain the impact and effects of Covid-19 on postgraduate students at a university of technology. A qualitative exploratory research approach was used to guide the study, and semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with postgraduate students (N=10) from the Faculty of Health Sciences. Analysis of the study results indicated that postgraduate students encountered numerous challenges and issues that affected their mental health negatively and hindered their holistic academic experience. Findings of the study suggest that the institution should implement concerted efforts to assist students with psychological, social, and financial support that would reduce the adversity experienced through the Covid-19 pandemic.
... Although participants in the online study were asked the same questions as the in-person participants, a different approach was needed to build rapport with subjects over video (Hai-Jew, 2015). To address this, the author delivered a welcoming and informal introduction for their presentation to a cross-Government symposium on data issues. ...
A prototype Metaverse experience was created in which users could explore hierarchical cybersecurity data. A small group of participants were surveyed on their attitudes to the Metaverse. They then completed a short series of tasks in the environment. Questions were asked to assess if they were suffering from Cybersickness. After completing further tasks, their attitudes were surveyed regarding future uses of the metaverse in the organisation. A second cohort of participants attended an online seminar. They completed a survey about their attitudes to the Metaverse. They then watched a short video of the Metaverse experience. Afterwards, they answered questions related to their attitudes towards future uses of the metaverse in the organisation. The results of these questionnaires were assessed to see whether participants were receptive to the idea of working with data inside the Metaverse in the future.
... Timeline of the data collection Since the research period was in the COVID-19 pandemic, all the interviews were conducted online via the video-conferencing platform Zoom due to travel restriction. By following the protocols and experts' suggestions, the researcher paid extra attention to the participants' facial expressions, verbal and non-verbal clues to ensure the quality of the data collected from the online interviews (Hai-Jew, 2015;Janghorban et al., 2014;Sullivan, 2012). Although the researcher was unable to observe the participants' live lessons due to border closure and COVID-19 public health concern, she observed the recorded lessons and invited the participants to share their teaching materials and students' work to add trustworthiness to this study with multiple data sources (Creswell, 2012;Merriam & Tisdell, 2016). ...
Current studies of Chinese heritage language education mainly focussed on learners’ motivations, behaviours and the appropriate pedagogies. Very few studies focussed on heritage language teachers’ motivations. To close such research gap, this study aimed to examine Chinese immigrant teachers’ motivations in heritage language teaching in Australia with the guidance of Social Cognitive Career Theory. With the aim stated above, the research was guided by two research questions: first, how do Chinese immigrant teachers describe their experiences of teaching heritage language in Australia; second, why do Chinese immigrant teachers decide to continue their heritage language teaching. This study adopted a qualitative approach to scaffold their mental representation of their teaching experiences and decision-making process by conducting 120 one-on-one semi-structured interviews and 24 focus group meetings with 60 Chinese immigrant teachers who are currently teaching Chinese heritage language in Australian schools. Three themes and six subthemes were categorised. The findings reflected that traditional Confucian beliefs, a favourable learning environment and the attainment of teaching goals are the factors motivating the teachers to continue teaching heritage language. The information can be useful to utilise the talents of immigrant teachers to alleviate the teacher shortage problem and provide better support for heritage language teachers.
... To ensure the participants would not withhold the most important yet confidential lived experiences, the researchers allowed the participants to choose a place where they were the most comfortable with to conduct the online interviews (Seidman, 2013). The researchers also paid extra attention to the video and audio quality to ensure the participants' voices, facial expressions and the body gestures could be captured (Janghorban et al., 2014;Hai-Jew, 2015). As a result, each interview session lasted 49-72 min. ...
This study aims to study how the incorporation of digitized heritage buildings into blended English as a second language (ESL) teaching can facilitate Students’ attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) target of quality education, specifically increasing cultural awareness and consciousness of global citizenship. Based on the lens of social cognitive theory and case study approach, the researchers collected qualitative data from 40 participants who enrolled in a blended English-as-a-Second Language course in a community college in the United States. The results indicated that cultural heritage and buildings in the blended language learning curriculum, expanding the knowledge to other subject matter, and beyond the book were the three main themes. Based on the current course and curriculum designs with the elements of cultural heritage, buildings, and senses of SDGs, students expressed positive experiences in the fields of second language acquisition, employments of the computer-aided and technologically assisted tools, and interdisciplinary knowledge. University leaders, department heads, curriculum developers, instructors, and trainers should use this study as the reference to reform and upgrade their current materials with cultural heritage, buildings, and senses of SDGs in order to offer the comprehensive training to college and university students.
... Bilindiği gibi sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırmaların yoğunluğu giderek artmaktadır (Kocabıyık, 2016, s.55). Bunun nedenleri nitel araştırmalar konusunda temel eserler ortaya koymuş araştırmacılar tarafından ayrıntılı olarak yapılmıştır (Bogdan ve Biklen, 2006;Meriam, 2009;Creswell, 2012;Patton, 2015;Hai-Jew, 2015;Yin, 2016;Creswell, 2016). Özet bir cümleyle ifade etmek gerekirse sosyal olayları ve insan doğasına ilişkin olguları anlamada ve anlamlandırmada nitel araştırmaların önemli bir gücü olmasıdır. ...
... Bilindiği gibi sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırmaların yoğunluğu giderek artmaktadır (Kocabıyık, 2016, s.55). Bunun nedenleri nitel araştırmalar konusunda temel eserler ortaya koymuş araştırmacılar tarafından ayrıntılı olarak yapılmıştır (Bogdan ve Biklen, 2006;Meriam, 2009;Creswell, 2012;Patton, 2015;Hai-Jew, 2015;Yin, 2016;Creswell, 2016). Özet bir cümleyle ifade etmek gerekirse sosyal olayları ve insan doğasına ilişkin olguları anlamada ve anlamlandırmada nitel araştırmaların önemli bir gücü olmasıdır. ...
... To maximize the range of perspectives by reducing barriers to participation, such as distance from the hospital and/or the daily demands of providing care, we conducted focus groups and interviews either in person or via teleconference (13). The interview mode was chosen by each participant. ...
Rationale:
Expansion of chronic ventilation options and shared-decision making have contributed to an increasing population of technology-dependent children. One particularly vulnerable group is children with tracheostomy who depend on technology for basic respiratory functions. Chronic critical care is now provided in the homecare setting with implications for family caregivers.
Objective:
This study explores the experience of family caregivers of children and young adults with a tracheostomy during the transition from hospital to home care. We sought to identify the specific unmet needs for families to direct future interventions.
Methods:
We recruited a convenience sample of families from an established home ventilation program to participate in semi-structured interviews. Sessions were conducted in person or via teleconference. A grounded-theory qualitative analysis was performed.
Results:
Between March 2017 and October 2018, we interviewed 13 individuals representing 12 families of children and/or young adults with tracheostomy. Patients ranged in age from 9 months-28 years, had a tracheostomy for 8 months-18 years and represented a variety of underlying diagnoses. Five key themes emerged: 1) navigating home nursing, 2) care coordination and durable medical equipment (DME) impediments, 3) learning as a process, 4) managing emergencies, and 5) setting expectations.
Conclusion:
Our findings support the need for family-centered discharge processes including coordination of care and teaching focused on emergency preparedness.
... The depen-dent variable reflects the current state of CC adoption in HEIs from the perspective of key stakeholders, namely IT security personnel, administrators and IT managers, whereas the independent variable reflects the three security elements that influence trust that were identified in the research model, namely data confidentiality, integrity and availability. Moreover, a quantitative approach was used to obtain data reflecting users' feedback of cloud trust via a questionnaire (Hai-Jew, 2014). Several Universities with key stakeholders were asked to complete a questionnaire. ...
Cloud computing has the potential of adding strategic value to the higher education domain owing to exemplary growth in ubiquitous data and communication services ranging from student access to educational materials to developing teaching and research practices. Despite the wide adoption of CC in HEIs, there is a paucity of research that specifically addresses the issue of trust in cloud adoption in the UK HEI context, as well as identifying smarter and more efficient strategies to overcome the existing CC trust issue in this domain. The authors propose a five-stage strategic roadmap to address the trust issues impacting the uptake of cloud services in UK universities. They conclude that IT and management participation and support are the keys to the success of the strategic framework.
... The activities include introducing why ILS is vital, making a final report of action research, writing scientific articles, presenting results through a poster for information exhibition, and reading vast information to strengthen the shape of their writing skills. The size of participants is by purposeful sampling relevant to design goals, target population (Edmonds & Kennedy, 2017) and the topic (Hai-Jew, 2015) with respect to two interrelated causes; first, the participants' readiness to complete the questionnaire and take the ILS test; and second, the representativeness of the participants of each district/city within East Java Province. ...
This research was aiming at analyzing information literacy skills (ILS) among teachers, the challenges of mastering ILS, and the expected ILS training. The study involved 58 secondary school teachers in East Java, Indonesia. The questionnaire and the information literacy test were administered after the training to capture the data. The data were then descriptively analyzed with NVivo 12 and Minitab 16 Windows. The results have shown that more than half of all participants had scores below the standard of 70. The other findings indicated that the teachers were good at determining types of information and understanding research terminologies. However, they were still not successfully extracting what was important in mastering ILS determined by eight other indicators. To employ ILS, teachers should deal with the challenges, such as time management, motivation, and knowledge of writing. To sum up, the teachers still need more training sessions which focus on the continuity of making scientific articles for professional development. This training can even build some foundation to improve ILS to teachers.
... Para analizar los mensajes generados por la entidad, la información fue exportada al software Nvivo 11 ya que de esta manera se reduce significativa- mente las implicaciones de tiempo y la complejidad asociada con la categori- zación manual. Utilizando el software Nvivo 11 fue posible identificar temas con características comunes permitiendo la clara identificación de diferentes categorías en las que se organizará la información y se establecerán los princi- pales atributos a los que hace referencia la entidad en los mensajes de las redes sociales para la promoción de México como destino turístico (Hai-Jew, 2014). ...
El papel estratégico de la actividad turística desempeña una función importante
en el crecimiento y desarrollo económico de muchos países, como es
el caso de México como destino turístico. Así, los organismos públicos se
encargan de realizar estrategias para promocionar su destino turístico, entre
las que destacan las realizadas a través de las redes sociales. En este estudio
se va a analizar la estrategia seguida en las redes sociales por el Consejo de
Promoción Turística de México. Para ello, se han obtenido los datos de su
intervención en las redes sociales mediante la metodología PRGS (Presencia,
Respuesta, Generación y Sugerencia) y, posteriormente, se han analizado las
publicaciones realizadas en las redes sociales de Facebook y Twitter a través
del software de análisis de contenido Nvivo 11. Así, se obtiene información
interesante sobre las publicaciones y acciones que la entidad proyecta en su
estrategia en las redes sociales. En los resultados se destaca a Facebook como
red social más utilizada, no obstante, está cobrando bastante importancia
Instagram que ha experimentado un gran crecimiento durante el año 2017
situándose como la red social que genera mayores interacciones. En las publicaciones
se comprueba que destaca la comunicación persuasiva seguida de
los atributos del destino y, posteriormente, la alusión a destinos, pueblos o
ciudades del país.
... To analyze the publications made by the organizations, the information was exported to the Nvivo 11 software, as this significantly reduces the time implications and complexity associated with manual categorization (Bosangit and Mena, 2009). Using the Nvivo 11 software, it was possible to identify topics with common characteristics allowing the clear identification of different categories, in which the information will be organized, and the main topics or issues referred to by the organizations will be established (Hai-Jew, 2014). This method of data analysis has been used in Jiménez's study (2018), referring to the analysis of publications in the tourism sector. ...
This study’s aim is to learn about the communication of Spanish immigration NGOs in their official social network, Facebook. Therefore, a content analysis of the publications made by the NGOs was performed using the software Nvivo11, to identify the main topics and categorize and subcategorize the publications. In addition, the study sought to identify the most popular topics, the ones that generated greater degree of interaction, greater number of feedback posts, and also the number of likes and comments, for each category and subcategory. The results showed NGOs focus to be centered on the geographical locations where immigration problems occur, and on the subjects that generate greater user’s interest, such as immigrants problems and consequences, but also maritime environment. Moreover, findings also shown there is more interaction in positive messages, among users, than in those messages related to problems and injustices. In addition, users were found to be more reluctant to participate in discussions that required a more active and personal interaction, or a greater involvement with immigrants, such as reception, integration and participation. Lastly, findings highlight the importance of educational topics in the communication of NGOs, due to users’ concern about mafias in immigration.
... Messages, comments, images or links to videos and meta tags or labels assigned to user-generated content and SmartFuerteventura were extracted. (Hai-Jew, 2014). Affective The emotional attributes that users associate with the brand can be measured and analyzed. ...
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects of co-creation of a tourist brand image projected in Twitter by using NVIVO 11. It takes the case study of the Smart Fuerteventura brand, an ecotourism association made up of a group of local firms. The brand concept is linked to the enhancement of heritage of the island of Fuerteventura, that is included in the World Network of Biosphere Reserves. The results show that there is no brand awareness and co-creation is negative. This analysis can contribute to methodologies on marketing strategies within the framework of co-creation in similar destinations.
Digital methods in healthcare research have been steadily gaining ground but, until recently, were superseded by conventional face-to-face approaches wherever possible. However, the COVID-19 pandemic rendered in-person forms of data collection largely impossible, propelling digital approaches to the forefront. This book offers a digital lens in the participatory perspective of ethnography, a qualitative methodology. A series of chapters from internationally distinguished and rising authors present digital platforms and techniques and apply these to a wide range of healthcare studies. The authors highlight the different aspects of digital research approaches as well as reflecting on and proffering digital approaches to qualitative research for the future. Will these new digital health techniques be embraced, or will researchers be keen to revert to the traditional methods? With its unique approach, this is an invaluable resource for both prospective and experienced qualitative researchers in a broad array of medical and health disciplines.
This chapter seeks to investigate the use of convergent mixed methods design, explanatory mixed methods design, exploratory mixed methods design, embedded mixed method design, transformative mixed methods design, and multiphase mixed methods design in 61 mixed methods-based LIS doctoral dissertations and theses completed between 2006 and 2018, retrieved from the ProQuest Library Science Database. Their retrieval was achieved through search for the term “mixed methods” in the abstract, based on the assumption that each author mentions their research method in the abstract. The aim is to assess the effectiveness of mixed methods use, including advantages and possible challenges of each type. The premise for doing so is that the mixing of methods must be a deliberate, skillfully crafted, not a haphazardly concocted fusion.
The people of Afghanistan experienced profound transformations across various spheres following the political upheaval of August 15, 2021, wherein the Islamic Republic government was replaced by the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. The new government has introduced various policies that are impacting people's lives differently from before. One of these policies is placing limitations on the education of women, signaling a significant shift in how educational opportunities are being provided to female students. The study adopted a qualitative case study with a sample of female school students across five provinces of Afghanistan, including Kabul, Herat, Bamiyan, Farah and Jalalabad. Each of the five provinces represented by 10 students, for 50 respondents. The findings of the research highlights that depriving girls of education has had a number of detrimental effects on them, including emotional and psychological issues, forced marriage, migration, a loss of hope for the future, and other long-term effects. The study highlights the value of providing girls with equal educational opportunities and contributes to the creation of more effective policies and methods to guarantee girls' access to education in Afghanistan and other countries facing similar difficulties.
Background: Past research on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a chronic endocrine condition, has focused on the experiences of cisgender women.
Aims: The purpose of the present study was to address the knowledge gap about gender-diverse individuals by exploring their lived experiences with PCOS and to better understand if and how their gender identity affected their experience of PCOS.
Methods: To explore this, we recruited nine non-binary people and one transgender man with a PCOS diagnosis for qualitative interviews.
Results: Three overarching themes emerged: PCOS as a burden, PCOS as an occasion, and PCOS as a benefit. While some aspects of PCOS created an additional burden for our participants, other symptoms such as excess body and facial hair could be empowering and affirming, revealing a positive aspect of this chronic condition.
Conclusion: This study is the first to describe the lived experiences of gender-diverse individuals with PCOS, uncovering burdens as well as some benefits. Future research in this population may reveal not only the particulars of what PCOS is like for them but also more generalizable insights into the highly gendered perception and treatment of PCOS.
In response to the Covid-19 pandemic, a large number of employed individuals all over the world were obliged to work remotely during lockdown. This article focuses on the coping mechanisms which individuals used to manage this difficult situation, specifically the impact which loving and caring for pets had on the way in which people dealt with the challenges of the remote-working environment. Methodologically, this qualitative study used a phenomenological research design to understand the lived experience of the participants in the study. Ten qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with pet owners during the Covid-19 lockdown period in South Africa. The sample was recruited using purposeful and snowball sampling techniques. Data were analysed through content analysis while qualitative quality criteria were applied. Findings show pets supported their owners in many different ways during the pandemic and only the animal’s presence supported the owners at home physically, psychologically and emotionally. They helped to reduce the stress of their owners and create a homely atmosphere. Pets played a specific role in providing love, companionship, strong emotional and affective bonds and by creating experiences of comfort, positive as well as negative distraction from work, and physical presence. The experience of love was one major aspect of the relationships between pets and humans. Conclusions are drawn and recommendations are given with regard to future research, highlighting how organisations and consultants can use the positive influences of pets in remote-working scenarios.
This research aims to gain new insight by exploring the thoughts, feelings and experiences of therapists working with clients who have autism. Three professional talking therapists participated in the study. Unstructured interviews were conducted and analysed using interpretive phenomenological analysis. Six main themes and 13 sub‐themes were found which include therapists’ validation of autism, how therapists integrated autism when addressing mental health problems, how their personal experiences of autism impacted on their work and how they experienced the situation in which autism emerges during the therapy. Helpful suggestions are made for clinicians, namely, to zoom‐in and zoom‐out of autism, hold the knowledge that people with autism process information differently, incorporate working with trauma, consider disclosing a personal connection to autism and consider carefully whether, or not, to tell a client that they may have autism.
Background
Prevalence of sexual dissatisfaction and dysfunction is high in trans people, as reflected in lower sexual pleasure scores compared to cis people.
Aim
The aim of this study is to explore components of good sex and sexual pleasure in young, urban trans people assigned female at birth (AFAB).
Methods
16 semi-structured interviews were conducted with young urban AFAB trans people. The interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis.
Outcomes
Main outcomes were providing participants components of good sex and sexual pleasure.
Results
Regarding components of good sex, the participants of this study described various influences on their ability to relax as well as strategies to increase relaxation during sex. Next to general influences on relaxation, the ability to relax was influenced by the way their partners interacted with them and thus how accepted they felt in their identities and feeling safe. Further, transition and coming-out status, physical and sexual function changes due to hormone therapy and gender affirming surgeries, specific sexual techniques and aids, social constructs and the circumstances in which sex took place were important. Strategies to increase relaxation included using aids such as penis prostheses, preferring certain sexual practices, that is, being more dominant or on eye-level, reducing visual aspects, drinking alcohol, and deconstructing gender and sexual norms.
Clinical Implications
When working with trans clients, inhibitors of relaxation should be assessed and addressed, which could include working on clients believes about trans sexuality, gendered sexual scripts or various techniques to reduce body dysphoria, if present, during sexual practices.
Strengths & Limitations
Following a non-clinical community sampling with no treatment-related dependency between researchers and participants, the sample provides an open access to the participating trans people's sexuality. However, the sample is small, selective, and it includes only able-bodied trans people from Christian religious backgrounds.
Conclusion
Next to sexual problems and dysfunctions, future research on the relationship between medical transition and sexuality should additionally address positive aspects of sexuality, such as sexual pleasure and sexual satisfaction, and its possible function as a resource pre, during and post transition.
Engelmann, AJ. Nicklisch, S. Nieder, TO. Components of Good Sex in Young Urban Trans People Assigned Female at Birth: A Qualitative Interview Study. J Sex Med 2022;XX:XXX–XXX.
Background and objectives:
How do qualitative researchers collect meaningful and representative data, and engage in action research, when constrained by cost, distance or unforeseen events? In our work investigating health and older-person services in Tasmania, we had to confront this question in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, redesigning our methodological approach to support participant engagement in qualitative group research to meet unpredictable pandemic isolation and ethics requirements.
Study type:
Rapid review.
Methods:
We searched three academic databases, limited to the past 5 years, cross-referencing to identify strategies to support online qualitative group research and assess the suitability of videoconferencing (specifically through Zoom and Skype) as a tool for participant engagement in qualitative group research.
Results:
After removing duplicates found across the three databases, 866 articles were screened by title and abstract. After manually searching citations deemed to add to our understanding of online qualitative methods, 66 articles were included in this rapid review. The review found that the strengths of videoconferencing include its cost effectiveness and ability to reach disparate populations, but that several concerns must be addressed to capture its benefits: rapport, technical issues, planning, privacy and equity.
Conclusion:
In response to the methodological challenge of engaging with participants without using routine face-to-face qualitative methods, our rapid review identified several advantages of using videoconferencing applications, such as Zoom or Skype, to facilitate research. However, to enhance data quality and the research experience for participants, consideration must be given to technical issues, planning, privacy and rapport. Underpinning these elements is consideration of equity of access.
Travel restrictions in the COVID-19 pandemic cause a significant drop in international student enrolment. To cope with such drastic change, this study aims to assess the international student enrolment strategies in Australian universities during the pandemic. Using the critical theory as a theoretical framework, this case study first probed into the problems of the current international student enrolment strategies by taking power and discourses into consideration. The problems identified include the marginalisation of international students and hindrance in their empowerment. Then, this study proposed some future directions for international student enrolment in relation to international students' concerns and needs, alongside migration policies and workforce demands. The future directions include increasing their chances to be academically competitive and equip them to prepare for their future career. The findings can be useful for university management to devise better strategies to recruit and retain international students in the post-pandemic era.
Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, which began in 2020, included local and international travel restrictions alongside limits on face-to-face gatherings. These measures impinged on participatory research examining local impacts of environmental change. In response, many researchers adopted techniques that could be implemented without travel. This article explores some of the consequent research ethics issues.
Cuando comenzó a percibirse las redes sociales como un factor importante que podía afectar al negocio empresarial muchas organizaciones la han tenido en cuenta para el desarrollo de su gestión. Esta utilización de las redes sociales es especialmente relevante en las empresas turísticas ya que dependen en gran medida de la opinión y la experiencia del cliente. Así, en este estudio se ha planteado conocer el uso y la importancia de las redes sociales en el sector hotelero a través de una investigación cualitativa mediante entrevistas a diez responsables de la gestión de redes sociales de establecimientos hoteleros. De esta manera se ha tenido en cuenta el marco teórico para obtener las categorías y realizar las preguntas de investigación. Posteriormente, mediante un análisis de contenido a través del software Nvivo 11, se obtuvo inductivamente subcategorías con características comunes que se dividieron en unidades de análisis mediante la codificación de los datos, facilitando así la interpretación de la información. En los resultados los gestores de redes sociales entrevistados destacaron la importancia que tienen los medios sociales en el sector hotelero para relacionarse e interactuar con los usuarios, de manera que consideran esencial el planteamiento de objetivos propios para este ámbito y el desarrollo de estrategias dependiendo de las redes sociales en las que vayan a intervenir. Así, las ventajas más destacadas son la visibilidad, la facilidad de acceder a la información y la posibilidad de tener una mejor comunicación, relación e interacción con los usuarios.
The proliferation of new video conferencing tools offers unique data generation opportunities for qualitative researchers. While in-person interviews were the mainstay of data generation in qualitative studies, video conferencing programs, such as Zoom Video Communications Inc. (Zoom), provide researchers with a cost-effective and convenient alternative to in-person interviews. The uses and advantages of face-to-face interviewing are well documented; however, utilizing video conferencing as a method of data generation has not been well examined. The purpose of this paper is to examine the specific attributes of Zoom that contribute to high quality and in-depth qualitative interviews when in person interviewing is not feasible. While video conferencing was developed to facilitate long-distance or international communication, enhance collaborations and reduce travel costs for business these same features can be extended to qualitative research interviews. Overall, participants reported that Zoom video conferencing was a positive experience. They identified strengths of this approach such as: (1) convenience and ease of use, (2) enhanced personal interface to discuss personal topics (e.g., parenting), (3) accessibility (i.e., phone, tablet, and computer), (4) time-saving with no travel requirements to participate in the research and therefore more time available for their family. Video conferencing software economically supports research aimed at large numbers of participants and diverse and geographically dispersed populations.
Las redes sociales como canal de comunicación se establecen como un elemento ideal y relevante para la promoción turística ya que permiten difundir la imagen del destino a un mercado globalizado y generar una comunicación más interactiva con los usuarios. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer la imagen que se proyecta sobre los destinos turísticos de los países sudamericanos a través de su red social oficial de Facebook mediante un análisis de contenido de las publicaciones a través del software Nvivo 11 en la que se identifican a través de categorías y subcategorías cuáles son los principales atributos o características de los destinos. Además, para conocer los atributos más utilizados y aquellos que generan mayor actividad o interacción se obtiene el número de publicaciones, así como el número de “likes” y de comentarios para cada categoría y subcategoría. En los resultados destacan las categorías “naturaleza” y “cultura” como las más utilizadas, no obstante, son las referidas a “actividades” y “gastronomía” las que generan mayor interacción e interés por parte de los usuarios. Sobre las subcategorías predominan los atributos “entorno natural”, “entorno acuático”, “eventos culturales”, “tradición”, “historia” y “arte”. En la interacción caben resaltar aspectos de la gastronomía como la cocina y se muestra un gran interés por parte de los usuarios de la subcategoría “aventuras”. Aspectos relacionados con la naturaleza reciben una buena interacción, no obstante, aquellos relacionados con la cultura como “tradición” y “arte”, reciben una baja respuesta.
Web-based surveys and web-based interviews are useful techniques to collect data through the web in educational research. In addition, web activities such as blogging, searching, and web mining have become quite convenient to collect and extract data from the web for research purposes. The purposes of this chapter are to describe and discuss techniques and tools for collecting and extracting data from the web for educational research purposes. First, a survey and a web-based or online survey are described and explained with examples. Second, web-based or online interviews, which are often similar to the face-to-face interview protocols are discussed and exemplified. After presenting the synchronous and asynchronous online interview tools, the selection criteria of the online interviewing tools are discussed. Lastly, this chapter describes and discusses web activities such as blogging, searching, and web mining to collect and extract data from the web.
The rise of new media through network globalisation has led to innovative forms of “new” social movements. This study will explore whether Occupy London, a branch of the global Occupy movement, fits within the realm of a “new” social movement. A further six areas of contention are drawn from a review of literature exploring old and new social movement theory, globalisation/alter-globalisation and perspectives on sousveillance and new media. Through ethnographic participant observation and semi-structured interviewing during Occupy Democracy’s May 2015 occupation of Parliament Square, this research studies the political makeup of the movement, its demogaphy, perception by law enforcement and use of traditional and alternative sousveillance techniques in order to fully understand the advancement of the movement, its aims and future. It further analyses how the movement’s advancement in their use of the Internet and other new media platforms could potentially cause a shift from its continuous media blackout to a more growing presence within the criminological landscape.
After a wave of studies discussing the effects of sugarcane crop expansion on changes in land use, the possible impacts on deforestation and its contribution to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, a thematic change has taken place that focuses on the evaluation of local impacts due to the emergence of new areas of ethanol production. The international debate around biofuels has brought several macro constrains to its expansion but few research was done about the local perspective of real impacted people. The aim of this paper is to focus on local community and the relation between the types of stakeholders, regions and issues to redefine the priorities where the police makers should pay attention to avoid the negative impacts of biofuel expansion. For this purpose, a survey with 269 respondents and 4573 records was carried out during the 2016 in 30 cities of five Brazilian States (provinces). The results were submitted to an exploratory analysis with MCA methodology (Spad´n, not covered by this paper) and a qualitative analysis using SRM system. The conclusion indicates a general good acceptance of sugarcane expansion on the visited regions although some critical stakeholder has constraints about environmental issues mainly and some differences among the regions demands public polices adapted for some new approaches of old questions.
The purpose of this chapter is to offer perspectives of basic principles of writing discussion section in a qualitative research article or dissertation. The first portion of the chapter explains how to link the discussion of the findings to each component: brief summary of the findings, contribution to previous studies, contribution to the theory, implications, and limitations. The explanation includes examples that help readers get a glimpse of the connection. Built on the aforementioned explanation, this chapter also raises the common problems related to each element and further discusses the challenges for novice scholars. The second portion of the chapter focuses on scholars' expected development of knowledge and abilities for meaningfully connecting these five elements. Additionally, the importance of seeing findings through a holistic lens is discussed and meaningful implications for educational research, practice, and/or policy are provided.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.