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Digital media use and social engagement: How social media and smartphone use influence social activities of college students

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Abstract

Social media and mobile phones have emerged as important platforms for college students' communication activities. This study examined how college students' psychological need to belong is associated with their use of social media and smartphones. In addition, it further investigated the effects of college students' digital media use on their social engagement. Findings revealed that students' need to belong was positively related with their use of social media and smartphones, which could further facilitate their social engagement. Moreover, the relationship between the need to belong and social engagement was mediated by college students' digital media use. This study offers empirical evidence of the positive effects of digital media on social behaviors and contributed to further understanding about the mechanisms by which need to belong leads to social engagement through digital media use.

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... Guided by the framework, we mainly test whether the intensity of social media usage can enhance international students' behavioral engagement and adjustment in academic/ social domains. Regarding behavioral engagement, we simultaneously consider academic behavioral engagement (abbreviated as BE-academic referring to students' participation in academic learning and school tasks; Reeve, 2012) and social behavioral engagement (abbreviated as BE-social referring to minority members' participation in local social events or activities with local members; Kim et al., 2016). We also simultaneously consider two main types of cross-cultural adjustment: academic adjustment (i.e., how well international students adjust to host universities' academic demands and approaches, for example, instructional methods, learning strategies, classroom interactions, and management styles; Gong & Fan, 2006) and social adjustment (i.e., "ability to 'fit in', to acquire culturally appropriate skills and to negotiate interactive aspects of the host environment"; Ward & Kennedy, 1999). ...
... In social communities, BE-social is conceptualized as international students' participation in local social events and activities with local members (Kim et al., 2016). Based on the conceptualization, BE-social incorporates the two components of dynamic interactions with the host society and its members in the physical environment, both of which can be intensified by social media usage since online relationships are likely to be transferred to offline relationships (Lev-On & Lissitsa, 2015). ...
... We measured international students' behavioral engagement in social activities with local members using six items from Kim et al., (2016). Examples included "How often do you attend social gatherings with Chinese locals?" and "How often do you chat with Chinese locals about social events?". ...
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WeChat is a highly popular social media in China and many other Asian countries, but little is known about its effectiveness in facilitating international students’ academic and social functioning. Hence, the present study aimed to examine causal or reciprocal relationships among WeChat usage intensity, behavioral engagement in academic learning (BE-academic) and in local social activities (BE-social), and academic and social adjustment. To this end, we employed a three-wave longitudinal design among international students in China with data collected at three times (i.e., Time 1 data collected in December of 2020, Time 2 data collected in March of 2021, and Time 3 data collected in June of 2021). Results based on the cross-lagged panel analyses indicated that in academic domains, WeChat usage intensity positively predicted longitudinal changes in BE-academic and academic adjustment positively predicted longitudinal changes in WeChat usage intensity across Time 1 and Time 3. In social domains, WeChat usage intensity positively predicted longitudinal changes in BE-social and social adjustment, and BE-social positively predicted longitudinal changes in social adjustment from Time 1 to Time 2. Additionally, the reverse effects of social adjustment on WeChat usage intensity were revealed across Time 1 and Time 3.
... to reduce the spread of the virus and its devastating effects on public health, governments across the globe responded by introducing unprecedented measures (loades et al., 2020). Such measures resulted in periods of lockdown, quarantine, and self-isolation, which required people to stay at home and have very limited in-person interactions to minimise the spread of the virus (atalan, 2020; Kharroubi & Saleh, 2020). these measures negatively impacted individuals, with many reporting a significant increase in loneliness, anxiety, depression, insomnia, alcohol and substance use, self-harm, and suicidal behaviours (Kumar & Nayar, 2021;Meyerowitz-Katz et al., 2021). ...
... these were some of the positive outcomes related to online interactions during coviD-19. these reports are similar to earlier findings conducted prior to coviD-19, where the need to belong was positively related to screen time and use of social media (Kim et al., 2016). ...
Article
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As Covid-19 circulated worldwide, lockdowns forced individuals to connect virtually in order to continue maintaining relationships. The current study sought to understand the impact of these online interactions on students’ mental health and wellbeing. Semi structured interviews were conducted with 17 students. Two main themes were uncovered: control (1) and no control (2). Participants reported that having control over online interactions helped them to choose when, how often and with whom to connect as well as disconnect which benefited and enhanced their wellbeing during the lockdown period. On the other hand, lack of control over interactions online resulted in students feeling anxious, stressed and unable to maintain healthy boundaries. The concept of control and its link to wellbeing has previously been explored in literature and this study reinforces the idea that individuals experience an enhanced sense of wellbeing when able to control important areas of their lives.
... Most often it is associated with combining stationary and remote sales (Lim and Srai, 2018). Social media are also increasingly included in the e-commerce sales processes (Han and Kim, 2016). Personalization is also a very important trend in modern ecommerce. ...
... Such outcomes are congruent with experiences of developing countries (Bharathi & Bhattacharya, 2015;Hossain & Rahman, 2018;Karaoglu et al., 2021). Kim, Wang & Oh (2016) provide empirical evidence of the positive effects of social media use on social behaviours, and subsequently on job-seeking activities of young adults. ...
Conference Paper
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Packaging is a major side issue in the consumption of products, mainly food goods. Therefore, the introduction of more eco-friendly packaging has been one of the strongest trends in the packaging sector in recent years. However, in many markets, the perception of packaging as environmentally friendly is not entirely clear. The purpose of this paper is to assess the perception and importance of the environmental aspects of food product packaging by its purchasers, which might serve to further identify existing barriers or opportunities in their purchase. Consumers expect environmentally friendly packaging, but this did not correlate with their market behaviour. For nearly 50% of the respondents, food product packaging did not influence their purchasing choices. Also, when given the choice between standard and eco-friendly packaging, the majority of the respondents declared that they would choose the former. The main constraints on purchasing environmentally friendly packaging included price constraints and the availability of eco-friendly packaging, but also situation-related factors, particularly the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. During the pandemic, the purchasing behaviour of buyers was mainly directed towards the aspect of current health and life protection, pushing the ecological aspect into the background. The level of knowledge of eco-labels placed on food product packaging should be considered insufficient and differentiated by gender, i.e. a lower percentage of the women than the men correctly identified the symbols on the packaging.
... According to the reviewed studies and based on the authors' knowledge, the relationship between social media use and effectiveness, specifically from the perspective of awareness, community engagement, and fundraising, is neglected. The use of the social media has a significant effect on awareness (Alnsour & Tayeh, 2019;Chierici, Del Bosco, Mazzucchelli, & Chiacchierini, 2019), community engagement (Kim, Wang, & Oh, 2016;Naim & Lenka, 2017), and fundraising (Okada, Ishida, & Yamauchi, 2017. In addition, management commitment plays a critical role in technology adoption (Abed, 2020;Maroufkhani, Tseng, Iranmanesh, Ismail, & Khalid, 2020), specifically in NPOs. ...
... This process entails interaction with other non-profit and for-profit organizations, open discussion with the public, and posts on events. Furthermore, social media use has a significant impact on community engagement, as observed in several studies (Gil de Zúñiga, Jung, & Valenzuela, 2012;Kim & Chen, 2015;Kim et al., 2016;Kim, Hsu, & de Zúñiga, 2013;Naim & Lenka, 2017). In part, the confluence of marketing strategy with consumer/supporter engagement has been brought by creating the social media as a new site for public relations that simultaneously manages to achieve both of these purposes. ...
Article
The growing social media use worldwide has encouraged researchers to research on how and why it is adopted. However, the majority of studies have focused on the individual rather than the organizational level. There is also a relative paucity of research on organizational level factors that affect the use of social media applications by non-profit organizations (NPOs). Hence, this study aims to bridge this gap in research by analyzing the factors that determine social media use, which leads to increasing the effectiveness (i.e., awareness, community engagement, and fundraising) of NPOs. The data were collected through questionnaires distributed to public relations practitioners in 325 NPOs in Jordan and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results supported the vital role of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, social influence, and management commitment on the actual usage of social media. The results also showed that using social media has a significant positive effect on awareness and community engagement, while no significant impact is reported regarding fundraising. Theoretically, this study extends the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) by incorporating new factors, namely management commitment, awareness, community engagement, and fundraising, and proposing new relationships in the model. Practically, this research provides implications for stakeholders of NPOs, including policymakers and public relations practitioners.
... This is why Metaj-Stojonova (2017) stated that the media is responsible for increasing the public's knowledge of violence and challenging its stance in society. Kim et al. (2016) stated that the media, particularly new media, have so much influence that they can determine how news consumers perceive critical societal issues. This implies that, how the media report problems determines the public's perceptions of and reactions to such problems. ...
Article
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Domestic violence affects both men and women, crossing boundaries of race, education and ethnicity. It has evolved from a social issue into a public health concern. While much attention has been paid on domestic violence against women, less attention has been placed on women as perpetrators. This study examines how new media, particularly social media, frames domestic violence against men in Nigeria, addressing the limited research on this topic. Anchored on the media framing, agenda setting, and muted group theories, this paper adopts a qualitative research design, using a phenomenological approach and homogeneous purposive sampling technique to gather empirical data. Data was obtained from an in-depth interview with six male victims of domestic violence in Nigeria using Braun and Clarke's (2006) multistage thematic analysis. This analysis incorporates data from interview transcripts based on the research objectives. Findings reveals that social media framing of domestic violence against men in Nigeria perpetuates gender inequalities, marginalizes male victims, and reinforces harmful stereotypes as well as lack of support which discourages them from seeking help or engaging in social media discussion. The paper then recommends the promotion of inclusive narratives that validates male victimhood alongside female victimhood, thereby balancing narratives of domestic violence, as well as increase in awareness through advocacy campaigns which should be aimed at educating the public on the realities of domestic violence against men.
... Researchers are confident that there is a strong relationship between social media and college students' desire to develop interpersonal attachments and their need to "belong" (Kim & Kim, 2017). Students' interactions on social media are often mediated by this developmental need (Kim et al., 2016), and their loneliness and feelings of social exclusion are often mitigated by their use of image-based media like Instagram and Snapchat (Pittman & Reich, 2016). For Gen Y and Gen Z college students, their need to belong appeared to spark engagement with social media during these formative, developmental years. ...
Article
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To mark ACPA's 100th anniversary, this paper will review what we currently know about the impact of one of the most consequential technologies for this generation of college students: social media. Social media have had significant effects on the lives of college students today and will continue to shape college student life going forward.
... With the development of the internet, internet use has become an indispensable part of college students' daily study and life [1,2], which provides them with convenience in study, life, communication, and entertainment. However, long-term addiction to the internet is likely to cause problems or the dilemma of internet addiction [3], which will not only produce the symptoms of internet addiction, causing problems such as inattention, depression, and poor social adaptability [4,5] but also make internet addicts more likely to experience more social anxiety and loneliness [6], which is likely to lead to the negative emotions of college students [7,8]. ...
Article
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Objective To investigate the relationship between internet use, physical activity, social adaptability, and depressive tendencies of college students, and to reveal the “advantages” and “disadvantages” of internet use around the “dose-effect”. Method The Revised Chinese Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS-R), Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3), Chinese College Student Social Adjustment Scale (CCSAS), and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) were used to conduct a random sampling survey among 3008 college students in China. Results (1) Internet use could directly and positively predict the depressive tendencies of college students. (2) Physical activity and social adaptability have a significant chain mediating effect between internet use and depressive tendencies. (3) There was a “U-shaped” dose-effect relationship between internet use and depression tendencies, indicating that normal internet use could directly and negatively predict depressive tendencies, and through the chain mediating effect of physical activity and social adaptability negatively predict depressive tendencies. In contrast, internet use dependence and addiction could directly predict depressive tendencies, and through the chain mediating effect of physical activity and social adaptability positively predict it. Conclusion Therefore, normal or moderate internet use has potential protective benefits on the physical and mental health of college students and can promote the positive development of physical activity and social adaptability to a certain extent, and prevent or reduce depressive tendencies, otherwise, it is not conducive to the healthy development of related behaviors and psychology.
... The PROCESS macro (Model 6) was used to analyze the hypothetical sequential mediation mode (Hayes, 2022), which could also perform the fixed effects model by analyzing direct and indirect effects using Bootstrap arithmetic, which was by repeatedly sampling from the original data and estimating the model in each re-sampling (Kim et al., 2016). The study selected the nonparametric percentile method of bias correction with 5000 times bootstrapping. ...
... Findings of this study indicated no significant correlation between students' use of social media and their interpersonal skills. This, too, is in contrast to studies that have previously explored the relationship between the digital media use of students and their socialization (Kim et al., 2016). This, too, needs to be explored further for consolidation and refutation. ...
Article
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The rapid increase in internet usage worldwide has significantly impacted various aspects of life, with social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and Instagram becoming integral parts of daily life, especially among younger generations. Social media's influence extends into educational, social, cultural, and political spheres, transforming how individuals interact and communicate. It provides students with tools to engage with peers and educators, potentially enhancing their socialization and educational experiences. This study explored the relationship between using various social media applications, online community participation, information-seeking, and socialization of BS students at public sector universities in Azad Jammu & Kashmir (AJ&K). Using a proportionate random sampling technique, 300 students were selected from three public universities of AJ&K. The data was collected through a structured questionnaire survey that allowed for the systematic gathering of responses, ensuring consistency across the sample. The data was analysed using statistical analysis. The findings revealed no substantial relationship between social media use and socialization among university students in this region. An important implication of the findings of this study might be that contrary to common assumptions, social media might play a minor role in these students’ socialization process. However, caution is needed regarding the generalization of the findings, and further studies using triangulation-based designs need to be conducted to have further insights into this topic.
... As constructive use of smartphones and digital media can provide immediate and positive outcomes ranging from enhanced productivity (Bertschek & Niebel, 2016) to facilitated social engagement (Y. Kim et al., 2016), it is not difficult to see why smartphone use could start as "adaptive" behavior that contributes to adolescents' attempt to control their environment. ...
Article
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Problematic smartphone use (PSU) and its negative consequences among adolescents are so commonly observed that they have become a matter of public concern. Utilizing life history (LH) theory, this study aims to examine how childhood risks (i.e., childhood harshness and unpredictability) would be associated with adolescent PSU via cognitive and emotional processes of LH strategy and psychological distress. A sample of 459 Chinese high school students aged from 14 to 18 (M = 16.90) participated in this study and voluntarily completed an anonymous survey. The results showed that childhood unpredictability and psychological distress were positively correlated with PSU, whereas childhood harshness and the two processes of LH strategy were negatively correlated with PSU. Path analysis further supported a partial mediation model, in which childhood unpredictability increased PSU, via serial mediators of the emotional process of LH strategy and psychological distress. The findings support the efficacy of LH theory in elucidating the development of behavioral addiction. However, the direct and negative association of childhood harshness with PSU was unexpected. It implicates the complexity of childhood environment on adolescent behavioral addictions and warrants further investigation.
... smartphones, tablets, laptops) in sports can bring certain benefits, the negative impact on athletic and academic performance as a consequence of their use has also been explored (5)(6)(7). The use of social media through smartphones has been shown as one of the factors that can acutely and chronically affect health (chronic sleep deprivation, decreased academic performance, socioemotional disturbances, cognitive control) (8)(9)(10) and athletic performance (decreased multitasking abilities, problem-solving and decision-making skills, and decreased physical and technical capabilities) (8,11,12). ...
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This study aimed to explore the immediate effects of smartphone-based social media use on table tennis performance variables such as reaction speed, stroke execution accuracy, and focus. A total of 14 young athletes, consisting of 7 males and 7 females (10.86 ± 1.83 years; 2.43 ± 0.65 years of experience in table tennis) participated in a randomized and counterbalanced quasi-experimental study divided into two groups: (a) social media group (SMG) and (b) table-tennis videos group (TTVG). The study assessed four variables: Stroop Test, reaction speed, a specific table tennis test, and focus (Toulouse-Piéron Test). The results indicated significant pre-and post-differences in hits, errors, and total points for both groups (p < .01), with no significant differences between groups in the three field tests. In conclusion, a 30-minute exposure to either game-related videos or social media stimuli in children led to improved scores, hits, and errors in the Stroop Test. These results suggest that acute exposure to virtual stimuli, regardless of type, enhances inhibitory control and attention abilities.
... Media sosial telah memasuki ranah kehidupan golongnan dewasa awal (Lau, 2017). Mahasiswa mengakses media sosial dalam rangka ekspresi diri, membangun jejaring pertemanan dan opini (Kim, Wang, & Oh, 2016). Sangat disayangkan, banyak orang kecanduang gawai akibat menggunakannya secara berlebihan (Waslh, White & Young, 2007). ...
Article
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The Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted the conventional learning process. So a solution is needed to answer this problem. Online learning is one alternative that can overcome this problem. The purpose of the study was to obtain an overview of the implementation of online learning in the Islamic Education Study Program of STAI Assalamiyah as an effort to suppress the spread of covid-19 in universities. The research subjects are students of Biology Education Study Program. Data was collected by interview via zoom cloud meeting. Data analysis was performed using Miles & Huberman's interactive analysis technique. The results showed that: (1) students already had the basic facilities needed to take part in online learning; (2) online learning has flexibility in its implementation and is able to encourage the emergence of independent learning and motivation to be more active in learning; and (3) distance learning encourages the emergence of social distancing behavior and minimizes the emergence of student crowds so that they are considered to reduce the potential for the spread of Covid-19 in the university environment. Weak supervision of students, lack of strong signal in remote areas, and high quota fees are challenges in online learning. Increasing learning independence, interest and motivation, the courage to express ideas and questions are other advantages of online learning
... After reviewing studies on SNT (e.g., Facebook, Twitter, wikis, blogs), Schindler et al. (2017) suggested that most SNTs positively impacted behavioral, cognitive, and emotional engagement. Kim et al. (2016) revealed that social engagement positively relates to SNT usage. Karaoglan-Yilmaz and Yılmaz (2023) found that students' emotional and cognitive engagement in flipped classrooms supported by the Facebook-based virtual learning community is higher than those without using Facebook. ...
Article
Over the past decades, Social Networking Tools (SNT) have been applied in educational settings to support students' engagement in learning communities. Previous studies suggested the positive effects of including students' voices in technological and instructional design. However, educators usually cannot revise the features of SNT as they like, which may limit the possibility of enhancing students' engagement (i.e., cognitive, emotional, and social-behavioral engagement). Therefore, this study explored whether changing SNT technological and instructional design based on students' voices can improve engagement. We developed a photo-sharing web-based SNT and examined whether refining the SNT and instruction design based on students' input would enhance their multifaceted engagement in a learning community. We collected the opinions and feedback from 114 undergraduate students in an environmental psychology course at a private university in the USA using surveys every three weeks. We refined the technological and instructional design accordingly. Students' engagement was measured four times during the semester, and after the semester, nine students were interviewed with regard to how the technological and instructional design changes influenced their engagement. With successive iterations, we found that students' cognitive and emotional engagement significantly improved, while their social-behavioral engagement did not change significantly during the study. Interview results further explained how the design changes influenced students' engagement. The findings suggested soliciting students’ input into SNT technological and instructional design can benefit their engagement in a learning community, while engagement was also influenced by many other factors.
... The sense of belonging of college students positively influences their behavior of using social media, leading to greater social engagement. Social media usage also impacts the relationship between a need to belong and social engagement among university students (Kim et al., 2016). ...
Article
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Purpose: HistCite provides a literature review based on the Web of Science and the results of a systematic literature search focusing on the psychological effects of social media use on university students. This study focuses on the development of social media use, and its relationship to psychological well-being, the motivations and fallacies behind problematic use, and the societal implications of social media usage. Design/methodology/approach: This dataset consisted of 892 publications after screening and supplementation. Bibliometric analyses and network scores were used to sort out the knowledge structures and connections between the literature relevant to this study. Findings: The study summarised four strands of research into the psychological effect of social media use on university students. This study systematically analyzed the relationships between the literature in this area using the HistCite technique, which allowed better identification of research priorities and overcoming research blind spots. Research & Practical Implications: This study systematically demonstrated the relationship between the literature using technology, providing a more precise direction for a subsequent study. What this study offers are a perspective on the effect of social media use on the lives of university students that is both exhaustive and in-depth. Given findings from existing studies and future directions, there is an opportunity to further explore the impact of social media on the psychological well-being of university students. Originality/Value: This paper provides a meaningful guide on conducting bibliometric analysis using technological tools and a direction on research methods for future related studies. This study involves three areas: psychology, marketing, and education. Future research could build on the lessons learned from this study and explore possible cross-disciplinary research methods in addition to research in related areas.
... Smartphones are increasingly used in a widening range of social activities (Poushter, 2016) and social media platforms and social networking sites (henceforth referred to as social media) like Instagram, Snapchat, Facebook, TikTok, Twitter (now X), Reddit, and VSCO are now part of daily life. Social media is frequently used by adolescents and adults to chat, send images, share stories, and keep up with friends (Auxier & Anderson, 2021;Kim et al., 2016); it is also the preferred way for young people to communicate with one another (Common Sense Media, 2018). Although social media interactions are associated with positive well-being , and increased social connectedness (Ryan et al., 2017), they can also undermine relationships (Faber et al., 2022;Tandon et al., 2021). ...
Article
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A new measure to assess friendship jealousy in the context of social media was developed. This one-factor, seven-item measure was psychometrically sound, showing evidence of validity and reliability in three samples of North American adults (Study 1, n = 491; Study 2, n = 494; Study 3, n = 415) and one-, two-, and three-year stability (Study 3). Women reported more social media friendship jealousy than men (Studies 2 and 3) and younger women had the highest levels of social media friendship jealousy (compared with younger men and older men and women; Study 2). Social media friendship jealousy was associated with lower friendship quality (Study 1) and higher social media use and trait jealousy (Study 2). The relation between social media friendship jealousy and internalizing symptoms indicated positive within time associations and longitudinal bidirectional relations (Study 3). Specifically, social media friendship jealousy predicted increases in internalizing problems, and internalizing problems predicted greater social media friendship jealousy accounting for gender and trait levels of social media friendship jealousy and internalizing problems. Anxious and depressed adults may be predisposed to monitor threats to their friendships via social media and experience negative consequences because of this behavior. Although social media interactions can be associated with positive well-being and social connectedness, our results highlight that they can also undermine friendships and mental health due to jealousy.
... Climate change is caused by western countries, they should be responsible for mitigating the effects not poor African countries. (Coloured Participant, 15) Categorization •I am a member of a social group [102] •I try to reflect and practice the values, interests, and norms of my social group [103] •My social group is visibly different from other outgroups [104] •I care about the success of my social group [105] Sense of belonging •I am an active participant of activities in my social group [106] •I will do my best to safeguard the interest of my group [107] •I have an emotional connection to my group [108] Attitudinal positioning •I feel a sense of community in my social group [109] •I believe my social group reflects positive attributes [110] ...
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In recent years, change in behaviour towards the environment has gained prominence as a policy tool to influence positive environmental value. Simultaneously, the role played by social identity in promoting pro-environmental action is gaining recognition. Within this work, the intersection between collective group identity and environmental behaviour has received very little attention. Group norms are considered a strong predictor of pro-environmental behaviour, yet the influence of social identity and collective action on environmental action has not been adequately investigated in a multi-ethnic setting. Within this context, this study examines the affective component of social identity influence on pro-environmental action. More succinctly, this study demonstrates how outgroups and in-groups’ relations and broader socio-cultural structures, values, interest, and norms impact environmental and sustainability transitions behaviours. Through interviews with participants across the four dominant social groups in South Africa, this study provides compelling evidence that country wide expressions of social identity and in-group dynamics shapes the individual behaviour regarding environmental and sustainability concerns and further strengthen the individual’s perspective for social environmental transformation. This study advances the need for a social-identity centred approach to foster pro-environmental and sustainability outcomes.
... Kooli and Muftah (2022) examined the use of artificial intelligence in healthcare, considering a comprehensive review of its ethical concerns. Kim et al. (2016) conducted a study on how the use of social media and smartphones influences the social engagement activities of college students. Mulyana et al. (2021) undertook a study investigating information communication technologies and social media as marketing communication platforms for facilitating engagement in the digital era. ...
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Digital tools have evolved into a way of life, and as a result, they have become a growing area of interest for academics who research teaching and learning. Scholars increasingly agree that because digital tools affect human-to-human connection, a greater emphasis on understanding their function in engagement from an interdisciplinary viewpoint is required. However, there does not appear to have been much research on how these tools facilitate social engagement, especially in teaching and learning. This mixed methods study employs a case-study design and explores how digital tools help or hinder social engagement in teaching and learning at a South African-based tertiary institution. A questionnaire consisting of open and closed questions was used to collect data from 88 students from four academic departments at a University of Technology (UoT): Media, Retail and Business Management, Entrepreneurship, and Food Science. Based on the concept of social engagement and the uses and gratifications theory, this interdisciplinary project examines how different fields employ digital tools for social engagement. Some of the findings are that of the communication technologies considered, WhatsApp (97%), video conferencing via Blackboard Collaborate (96.6%) and blackboard course content (95.5%) were the top three ranked tools. Further, WhatsApp was the preferred digital tool for communication with lecturers and peers, while Blackboard was the preferred platform for accessing course materials such as readings and videos. Other than video conferencing platforms such as Zoom, Blackboard Collaborate and YouTube, students use digital tools for engagement with peers. For example, around a quarter of students who used Blackboard Discussion Forums reported engaging with each other. From the qualitative reflections, the study found that students were communicating more with their lecturers through digital tools. Despite having access to lecture recordings, there was still a sense that the educational experience was not as engaging as students wanted it to be because of the lack of in-person engagement.
... Besides, the student's sense of belonging has a documented relationship with the academic environment, which is also positively associated with feelings of social acceptance and academic competence (Pittman and Richmond, 2008). Furthermore, the results of a previous study also revealed that students' need to belong was positively associated with their use of social media, which facilitated their engagement in social activities and AP (Kim et al., 2016). The scholars also discovered that people with low self-esteem regularly engaged in mobile conversation and social media communication to feel connected to other social group members (Bianchi and Phillips, 2005). ...
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Purpose Due to the incredible criticisms by scholars of the excessive use of social media networks, this study aims to explore students’ motivation for social media use (SMU) and its effects on academic performance (AP) in the light of uses and gratification theory. Design/methodology/approach Using the simple random and snowball sampling techniques, this study has considered 299 responses and critically analyzed them using structural equation modeling through the AMOS version 24. The mediation analysis has been done to explore the effective use of social media networks. Findings The results reveal that video clip watching and nonacademic learning intentions significantly influence SMU and AP. Besides, socialization through friends and family connections has tremendously fostered SMU intention, while it could not benefit AP. This study found an exceptional result that the entertainment intention of the students did not influence SMU but dramatically impacted their AP. Again, SMU has robust effects on enhancing students’ academic achievement. This study also concluded the results of the mediation analysis. Practical implications The learners, professionals, higher education policymakers, etc. may benefit from following this study's guidelines for using social media networks. Social implications This study may tremendously contribute to changing the mindset of youth from addiction to SMU and improving AP. Originality/value The prime novelty of this study is to justify the mediation analysis for SMU to explore whether it can truly influence students’ AP and critically examine the deep insight of certain factors associated with SMU.
... Intercultural engagement. The six-item scale (Kim et al., 2016) was used to assess how frequently international students engaged in Chinese social gatherings or events (item example: How often do you attend Chinese social events?). Response categories ranged from 1 = not at all to 5 = very often (α = 0.90). ...
Article
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China has become one of the leading study abroad destinations worldwide. Recent research also indicates that international students encounter diverse life challenges and mental health issues in China. Therefore, scholars have shown increasing interest in their adjustment in Chinese social and academic settings. Seeking theoretical guidance from the Job Demands-Resources Model with mediation and moderation assumptions, our study aimed to test the dual processes (i.e., the health impairment process and the motivational process) leading to academic, sociocultural, and psychological adjustment, among international students sojourning in China. Using a convenience sampling method, our study recruited 1,001 participants (535 males and 466 females; Mage = 22.73; SD = 1.62) who completed an online survey including scales of perceived cultural distance (contextual demands), social support from local members (contextual resources), coping self-efficacy (personal resources), acculturative stress, intercultural engagement, as well as three types of cross-cultural adjustment (academic, sociocultural, and psychological adjustment). Results based on the structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses indicated that perceived cultural distance had indirect relationships with the three types of adjustment through the mediator of acculturative stress. Social support from locals had indirect relationships with the three types of adjustment through the mediators of acculturative stress and intercultural engagement. Coping self-efficacy had indirect relationships with academic and sociocultural adjustment through the mediator of intercultural engagement. Additionally, social support from locals was revealed as a moderator that buffered the relationship between perceived cultural distance and acculturative stress. These mediated and moderated relationships not only confirmed the dual processes underlying international student adjustment, but also added new knowledge of how demands and resources can interplay to predict the dual processes.
... Medoa social telah memasuki ranah kehidupan golongan dewasa awal ( Lau, 2017). Mahasiswa mengakses media social dalam rangka ekspedisi diri, membangun jejaring pertemanan dan opini (Kim, Wang, & Oh, 2016). Sangat disayangkan banyak orang kecanduan gawai akibat menggunakan secara berlebihan (Waslh, White & Young, 2007). ...
Article
Tujuan dari Penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh gambaran pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring di fakultas ekonomi yang mana sebagai upaya penekanan penyebaran covid – 19 di perguruan tinggi. Subjek penelitian adalah mahasiswa fakultas ekonomi. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara lewat media aplikasi ZOOM. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh bahwa (1). Mahasiswa telah memiliki fasilitas- fasilitas dasar yang dibutuhkan untuk mengikuti pembelajaran secara daring; (2). Pembelajaran daring ini juga dapat mendorong kepada mahasiswa untuk belajar mandiri dan untuk lebih aktif dalam belajar. Dan (3). Pembelajaran jarak jauh ini mendorong munculnya perilaku social distancing dan meminimalisir terjadinya kerumunan mahasiswa yang dianggap sebagai potensi mengurangi penyebaran covid – 19 dilingkungan perguruan tinggi. Lemahnya pengawasan terhadap mahasiswa, kurang kuatnya sinyal didaerah pelosok dan mahalnya biaya kuota adalah merupakan tantang dalam melakukan pembelajaran daring. Dengan meningkatnya kemandirian bekajar, minat dan motivasi, keberanian untuk mengemukakan suatu gagasan dan pertanyaan adalah keuntungan lain dari pembelajaran daring.
... Hence it is not a surprise that individuals with fast LH strategies are more likely to allocate resources to entertainment, which provide immediate sensational/affective stimulation or pleasure, over investing in their future development (Wang et al. 2021). Consequently, both smartphone use and game use can be considered as "adaptive" behaviors for young people, particularly those with fast LH strategies, because of the associated immediate rewards, such as a short-term increase in feelings of efficiency or reproduction (Bertschek & Niebel, 2016) and social engagement (Kim et al., 2016). However, these immediate rewards may make one more vulnerable to SA and IGD, which may hamper one's health and wellbeing in the long run. ...
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Behavioral addictions are associated with detrimental consequences to one’s functioning and wellbeing and hence have raised both public and clinical concerns. Both smartphone addiction (SA) and Internet gaming disorder (IGD) are common types of behavioral addictions, but the former is relatively generic, whereas the latter is behavior specific. This study approaches this topic from an evolutionary theoretical perspective and is the first to apply life history (LH) theory to understanding the interplay among LH strategies, self-regulation processes (i.e., impulse control and goal setting), and behavioral addictions (including both SA and IGD). We recruited 351 Chinese undergraduate students (Mage = 19.33; SD = 1.06) who voluntarily completed an anonymous questionnaire. Results indicated that males had higher levels of IGD than females, although SA results did not vary by gender. As hypothesized, LH strategies were significantly and negatively related to SA and IGD (r = –0.17 and –0.18, p < .001) in those participants with fast LH strategies were more vulnerable to two behavioral addictions. The results of path analysis, however, partially supported the hypothesized mediating effect of self-regulation processes and showed that impulse control, but not goal setting, significantly mediated the effect of LH strategies on the two behavioral addictions The findings extended the application of evolutionary theory in explaining the development of both generic and specific types of behavioral addiction. Moreover, the differential effects of the two specific self-regulation processes on both SA and IGD suggest that, compared to low competence to set goal, a lack of control over one’s impulsion is a more salient factor in the development and/or maintenance of behavioral addiction. Interventions, such as improving self-control, would be potentially effective strategies for Chinese university students vulnerable to behavioral addictions.
... The potential for damage, as Vedantam described it, perceived from the watching of a larger world, is felt across social and professional strata, but perhaps nowhere is it more salient-and more visible-than in the realm of higher education. College students have been among the earliest and most enthusiastic adopters of Facebook and other social network sites, and this group's social media use has received substantial scholarly attention (e.g., Ellison, et al., 2007;Jacobsen & Forste, 2011;Kim et al., 2016;Valenzuela, et al., 2009;Wang, et al., 2012). Comparatively little has been studied about the social media lives of academics-the faculty and researchers who have adopted platforms such as Twitter, YouTube, and blogs as teaching tools in the classroom (e.g., Friess & Lam, 2018;Malik, et al., 2019;Small & Rotolo, 2012), and more broadly as public platforms to share their work and opinions. ...
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The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to explore how academics in the United States described their social media self-presentations (SMSPs) in the context of imagined surveillance. Moral Reasoning Theory drove two RQs: (1) How do academics describe construction of SMSPs in the context of imagined surveillance? (2) How do academics describe the influence of imagined surveillance on their personal SMSPs? 106 academics from across the U.S. were recruited by convenience sampling from two scholarly associations. Data were collected from closed-/open-ended questionnaires (n=102) and semi-structured interviews (n=20). Data analysis applied a six-phased Reflexive Thematic Analysis procedure of inductive coding to generate five themes and 14 subthemes. Academics described SMSP construction as negotiating (1) promises and perils of in/visibility, including (a) unspoken rules, (b) overlapping identities, (c) social support, and (d) personal opinion-sharing, which was profoundly shaped by (2) the rise of cancel culture, or an (a) enforced ideology, (b) activist subgroup, and (c) pressure to signal support. Imagined surveillance influenced SMSPs toward (3) protection over participation by (a) withdrawal from social media, viewing (b) tenure as insufficient, and (c) safe social media strategies; (4) trepidation while teaching due to (a) classroom recording prompted (b) strategic instruction; and (5) resistance and rebellion to (a) push back on cancel culture with a (b) duty to speak out. This study advanced understanding of social media surveillance as a normalizing force on speech and behavior. Findings may be applied to policy and practice regarding social media use in education and other professional settings.
... Mahasiswa mengakses media sosial dalam rangka ekspresi diri, membangun jejaring pertemanan dan opini Kim et al., (2016). Sangat disayangkan, banyak orang kecanduang gawai akibat menggunakannya secara berlebihan. ...
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Dalam kurun waktu setahun belakangan, kita semua menghadapi wabah pandemi dari virus yang membuat seluruh manusia dan mobilitasnya terganggu, termasuk aspek pendidikan, kesehatan, ekonomi, industri bahkan sosial – budaya. Terlebih kita selaku tenaga pendidik dan menyentuh langsung dengan dunia pembelajaran bagi mahasiswa, turut terkena dampak dalam pengajaran yang awalnya tatap muka beralih ke sistem pembelajaran daring, oleh karena itu tujuan dari dilakukannya penelitian ini mengarah untuk proses perkuliahan secara virtual dan sistem secara online. Pada prosesnya, metode yang digunakan bagi para pengajar khususnya dosen adalah virtual dan online yang bisa membantu proses pengajaran terutama mata kuliah praktikum di Program studi Biologi. Adapun hasil dari dilakukannya korespondensi dari tahap wawancara antara dosen dan mahasiswa di semester VI, terlebih di pembelajaran praktikum yang sebelumnya dilakukan di laboratorium dan dimasa pandemi menjadi virtual. Pembelajaran daring menjadi pilihan efektif bagi para dosen dan mahasiswa dalam membantu program pemerintah belajar dari rumah (Daring) dan mengurangi mobilitas seperti sedia kala, dan kita berharap agar pandemi segera berlalu dan covid-19 menjadi masalah kita bersama demi mengurangi dampak dari wabah Covid-19 ini
... This assumption is based on the idea that a lack of SMU may hinder young people in acquiring and maintaining social relationships and obstruct participating in social activities that are crucial for their social development. Moreover, it may also reflect low peer engagement and poor social functioning (Kim et al., 2016). However, at the other end of the spectrum, very high levels of SMU may replace important daily activities, such as participation in real-life social gatherings (Przybylski & Weinstein, 2017), physical activities or schoolwork, which may be displaced at the expense of adolescents' wellbeing. ...
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In the present study, we aimed to explore the relationship between intensity of social media use (SMU), problematic SMU and well-being outcomes. Four categories of SMU were developed taking into account both intensity of use and problematic SMU simultaneously: non-active; active; intense; and problematic use. Using these four categories, we assessed associations between SMU and mental and social well-being, and substance use. Data from 190,089 respondents aged 11, 13, and 15 years from 42 countries involved in the Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) study were analyzed. With a slight cross-national variance, 78% of adolescents in the sample were classified as active or intense users, and 7% showed signs of problematic SMU. The remaining 15% belonged to the non-active users. Three-level regression analyses revealed that the problematic users showed the least favorable mental and social well-being profile and the highest level of substance use. Compared with active users, non-active users reported lower mental and social well-being, but also the lowest substance use levels. Intense non-problematic users showed the highest levels of social well-being. Our findings highlight the importance of assessing both the intensity and problematic component of SMU to reliably assess associations with mental and social well-being and substance use.
... In addition, people's need to belong is an innate drive which impacts on most individuals' behaviors. Based on the Belongingness Hypothesis (Kim, Wang, & Oh, 2016), individuals may yearn for more communication with others through social media use and/or face-to-face interaction for better integration into the collective. With the development of mobile smart devices, online social activities are easier facilitated and more convenient. ...
Article
Background and aims Previous research has explored the relationship between fear of missing out (FoMO), social network site (SNS) use, and/or smartphone addiction by correlation analysis and construction of latent variables model. However, smartphone addiction may also intensify negative emotion (e.g., fear of missing out, anxiety, and depression) and risky behavior (e.g., excessive social media use and problematic smartphone game activities). To date, few studies have adopted a network analysis approach to investigate the reciprocal action between the aforementioned variables. Therefore, the present study used network analysis to evaluate the relationship between FoMO, SNS use, and smartphone addiction among a sample of Chinese university students. Methods A sample comprising 1258 Chinese university students (502 males) completed a survey including the Chinese Trait-State Fear of Missing Out Scale (T-SFoMOSC), Mobile Phone Addiction Index (MPAI), and Social Network Site Intensity Scale (SNSIS). Results Inability to control craving and productivity loss had the closest edge intensity. Feeling anxious and lost was the strongest central node (betweenness = 1.903, closeness = 1.853, strength = 1.287) in the domain-level network. The item-level network analysis showed that FoMO was positively associated with SNS use and smartphone addiction. There were no significant gender differences in the network structure and the global edge strength. Conclusions The findings here indicate that there is a close relationship between FoMO, SNS use, and smartphone addiction. Excessive social media use and higher level of FoMO appear to play a contributory role in smartphone addiction. Smartphone addiction may also further increase excessive SNS use and increase the level of FoMO. A bidirectional influence between smartphone addiction, SNS use and FOMO should be considered. Gender differences in FoMO, smartphone addiction, and motivation of SNS use should be investigated in future research.
... During the past decade, smartphone use has strongly increased and is considered a necessary element of everyday life (Y. Kim, Wang, & Oh, 2016;Kuss et al., 2018;Recio-Rodriguez et al., 2019). In parallel, problems related to smartphone use have increasingly been reported. ...
Article
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Problematic smartphone use (PSU) has recently attracted a lot of attention, especially among adolescents. The knowledge about the role peer engagement might play in the development of PSU is still limited. We aimed to investigate the bidirectional relationships between PSU, the quantity of online (i.e., passive and active social media messaging on smartphone) and offline peer engagement (i.e., intensity of face-to-face meeting with friends) and the quality of peer engagement (i.e., perceived competence in close friendships) among adolescents. Data from a three-wave longitudinal study among 2100 Dutch high school students (56.7% boys) was used. Cross-lagged models indicated that: (1) perceived competence in close friendships at T1 negatively predicted PSU at T2 and PSU at T2 negatively predicted perceived competence in close friendships at T3; (2) there were positive and reciprocal cross-lagged correlations between PSU and passive social media messaging on smartphone; (3) there were positive and reciprocal cross-lagged correlations between intensity of face-to-face meeting with friends and active social media messaging on smartphone. This implies that adolescents who perceive a low competence in close friendships and/or intensively check their smartphone for messages from their peers may be particularly vulnerable to developing problematic smartphone use over time.
... While it is indicated that young people can successfully create social change (Ho et al., 2015), a small percentage of them do so, more often in their leisure time using social media. However, it is indicated that the use of smartphones and social media can support social activities of young people (Kim et al., 2016). ...
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Globalisation and cultural homogenisation are still vital processes that drive the unification of leisure behaviour around the world, especially among the youngest generation. This is particularly important for post-socialist countries because until 1989, there was no access to Western ways of spending free time. Polish Generation Z is the first generation born and raised entirely in a free country. Therefore, the question arises whether the 30 years that have passed since the fall of the Berlin Wall have been sufficient to unify Generation Z’s leisure time behaviour under globalisation’s influence. The study aimed to determine the leisure behaviour of Generation Z in Poland in the context of cultural homogenisation. The analysis includes 1153 surveys with representatives of Generation Z from Polish cities. The study showed that the structure of Polish Generation Z’s leisure activities is dominated by multimedia entertainment: using the Internet, listening to music, watching YouTube or VOD (Video On Demand) platforms. Globalisation processes leading to progressive cultural homogenisation contribute to the spread of similar forms of spending free time originating in the so-called Western culture, which is also visible in Poland. Practical implications are presented for policymakers responsible for creating directions for youth leisure activities in cities.
... This expanded peer relationships, especially when there was a shortage of physical classroom communities. Psychologically, students gain emotional support and fulfill the need to belong within social media communication (Kim, 2016). Findings in the current research literature support previous findings regarding social media and interpersonal interactions: the rich interactive options and quickly accessible information distribution systems of social media platforms could strengthen interpersonal relationships (Wang et al., 2012). ...
Article
Higher education underwent an unprecedented transformation from conventional face-to-face education to remote learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In the 2020-2021 academic year, most universities throughout the U.S. had moved educational programs online, so professors and instructors, with and without previous remote learning experience, were suddenly expected to shift to synchronous or asynchronous classroom settings. Facilitated through Learning Management Systems (LMS), many teaching and learning practices took place in web-based environments. Some schools allowed a combination of in-person or hybrid classes by complying with evolving COVID-19 protocols (e.g., use of hand sanitizer, social distancing, facial coverings). These novel implementations raised benefits and challenges for higher education. Previous research studies assert that students tend to become isolated due to fewer interactions within a highly remote learning context. However, few studies have shown how students engage in hybrid educational delivery, and little was known about student engagement in music education courses integrated with online learning components. The current study investigated student engagement in college music education courses under a mass educational transition induced by the pandemic. This study utilized a mixed methods case study approach, in which a quantitative survey and qualitative interviews concurrently investigated students’ three types of interactions, engaging with instructors, classmates, and learning content. There was no statistically significant difference in student engagement between grade levels. Qualitative analysis provided a more comprehensive and detailed understanding of student experiences as they engaged with online learning elements. The data integration procedure produced three individual cases representing different levels of student engagement (poorly-engaged, moderately-engaged, and highly-engaged cases). The highly-engaged case showed rapid adaptability in committing to innovative learning models, whereas the moderately-engaged case presented a slower adaptation, and the poorly-engaged case displayed the most reluctance in adjusting learning strategies. Recommendations and implications of how online learning components can be better incorporated in music education courses are also discussed. Advisor: Rhonda J. Fuelberth
... Social engagement (α = .79). Social engagement, defined as how frequently one has participated in various social events, was assessed using a 4-items adapted from Kim et al. (2016). Participants indicated the frequency with which they interacted socially in the past week. ...
Article
Emotion malleability beliefs, or beliefs that emotions are changeable versus fixed, may be an important and modifiable determinant of emotion regulation strategy employment and psychological distress. The present study evaluated the prospective relationship between college students’ emotion malleability beliefs, depression and anxiety symptom severity, cognitive and behavioural avoidance, social engagement, and cognitive reappraisal. Participants were college students (N = 177) who completed a battery of questionnaires at the beginning of the academic year and again at a 6-month follow-up. Linear regression analyses indicated that emotion malleability beliefs predicted anxiety and depression, although this effect was not found when controlling for baseline symptom severity. Increases in emotion malleability beliefs were associated with more cognitive reappraisal and less cognitive and behavioural avoidance at follow-up when controlling for baseline levels of each variable. To the extent that emotion malleability beliefs predicted less avoidance at follow-up, anxiety and depression symptom severity was lower. Results suggest that emotion malleability beliefs predict avoidance and related psychological outcomes across the academic year.
... Social media has entered the realm of early adult life [23]. Students access social media for self-expression, build networks of friends and opinions [24]. Regrettably, many people are addicted to technology tools due to excessive use [17]. ...
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The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak has changed the conventional learning system to an online learning system. Online learning system is an alternative that can solve this problem with the principles of human-machine friendship learning (HMFL). This research was conducted to obtain an overview of the implementation of human-machine Friendship learning at IKIP PGRI Pontianak, Indonesia. Lecturers and students become research subjects, especially those in the History Education Study Program of the IKIP PGRI Pontianak. The research employed a qualitative approach with the type of phenomenological research. Data collection in this research was carried out by survey, interview and documentation. The results showed: (1) Implementation of HMFL of History Education Study Program of FIPPS IKIP PGRI Pontianak as a solution for implementing learning; (2) Effectiveness of Human-Machine Friendship Learning which is carried out in an effort to break the chain of the spread of COVID-19 using the application as a whole, students are satisfied with flexible learning; (3) The challenges of implementing HMFL include the weak supervision and control of students, the problem of weak internet signals, especially in rural areas, and the relatively high cost of internet quota.
... This notion is supported by knowledge sharing behavior exhibited in online learning studies (Eid and Al-Jabri, 2016; Asterhan and Bouton, 2017). It is become more common for learners because of rapid engagement with peers in social media (Kim et al., 2016). Hence, this led to the knowledge sharing among learners when knowledge is provided to their peers in their virtual communities. ...
Article
Purpose This study aims to examine live streaming experiences of business students’ at the tertiary education level, and how the use of this interactive platform satisfies their affective, cognitive, social and hedonic needs in learning. Likewise, it explored the influence of live streaming class on the learning outcome needed in achieving self-directed learning. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on the uses and gratifications theory, a conceptual framework was developed to discover the impact of interactive live streaming platform in meeting learners’ needs required for self-directed learning. A survey was conducted with a sample of 402 business undergraduate students from 5 universities. Data was analyzed with covariance-based structural equation modeling. Findings This study confirmed that learners’ gratifications gained from live streaming encouraged them to collaborate with the instructors in meeting the learning outcomes. The findings also supported that the interactive nature of live streaming offers the opportunity for students to learn independently. Thus, it sheds new light on how a live streaming learning environment can be further developed in promoting self-directed learning. Originality/value This study offers a novel understanding of live stream class adoption by examining learners’ needs from a uses and gratification perspective. It also contributed new insight to the existing literature on live streaming technology use in education to promote self-directed learning.
... However, a couple of studies also supports that female are more likely to use social media for their common interests (Y. Kim et al., 2016). ...
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Background: Social media (SM) have become popular among all genre of people due to its instant and dynamic communication ability. Substantial use of social media as a source of political information raises a concern of researchers to investigate the usage patterns of SM about socio-political issues of the society. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the use of social media as a source of political information regarding Panama Leaks in Pakistan. Method: A quantitative research approach based on survey method was used to collect the primary data from a sample of 500 educated adults conveniently available in Lahore city of the Punjab province of Pakistan. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis in SPSS-25. Findings: The findings revealed that majority of the educated adults used social media platforms (i.e. Facebook, WhatsApp, YouTube, Twitter and Wikipedia) on daily basis. The educated adults commonly acquired information to know historical perspectives of Panama Leaks (PL); update themselves with general discussions and opinions; understand political and economic conditions due to PL outbreak; be aware of court proceedings/judgments of PL; and get information for entertainment, education and research.
... One study found that 23.1% of US adults over the age of 18 surveyed felt that marijuana was "possibly unsafe" or "at least somewhat safe" during pregnancy [13]. College students are a subset of "emerging adults" in the US that are highly influenced by media and may be actively avoiding or engaging in social activities, such as using marijuana or other harmful substances, due to their perception of information from online and print sources [14]. This is also a population that ...
... The benefits of smartphones arise from allowing individuals to perform their daily tasks and achieve their goals effectively and efficiently. This includes access to social support and to family and friends, thus creating feelings of belonging (Chan & Li, 2020;Kim, Wang, & Oh, 2016). A drawback of smartphones is the potential for high levels of dependency and use, which could interfere with the otherwise healthy lifestyle of some users (Vally & El Hichami, 2019). ...
Article
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This study investigated the smartphone usage and dependency problem based on demographics among the adult population of Australia. A novel aspect of this study is that it specifically examines how people rate their perceived dependency levels compared with their perceived usage, which participants are asked to measure in comparison to their peers. Other novel aspects of this study include assessing the impact of parental status and occupational status on smartphone use and dependency, as well as addressing previous research gap in studying balanced population across genders and wide age range. This study also identifies activities associated with low usage and low dependency as opposed to activities linked to high smartphone usage and dependency. By comparing our findings to those obtained from similar studies in other countries and cultures, this study finds where problems are being detected consistently across multiple studies and where there are ambiguities. Where inconsistencies were identified, the question arises whether this is due to differences between measured populations (i.e. the Australian context of our research) or smartphones becoming more powerful and more affordable between research studies. Finally, this study explores possible avenues for future research into the usage patterns and smartphone dependency to support achieving balanced lifestyles of concerned individuals.
... For over a period, researchers have been studying the position of social media and its impact on psychological health (Kim, Wang, & Oh, 2016;Labrague, 2014;Sumner et al., 2019). The mediating role of religious commitment in the relationship between social media use and psychological wellbeing is still not explored in detail (Hunt, Marx, Lipson, & Young, 2018;Kim, 2017;Van Cappellen, Toth-Gauthier, Saroglou, & Fredrickson, 2016). ...
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People rely on social media to fulfill their needs for their social development like affiliation, wisdom, and self-worth. But this leads to problematic attachment and dependency on social media resulting in risks on an individual's private, social, and economic welfare. The present study investigated whether there is any mediating role of religiosity and spirituality on social media intrusion and its relationship between psychological adjustment (anxiety, stress, and depression) in university students. A total of 402 participants completed questionnaires from different universities of Lahore. The Results show that social media intrusion is significantly and positively associated with depression, anxiety, stress, and religiosity. But its relationship with spirituality is insignificant. In the relationship between social media addiction and psychological wellbeing, the only religious commitment was a significant mediator while spiritual wellbeing could not mediate both variables. From these results, it may be inferred that social media intrusion is increasing religious commitment but there is no effect on spiritual wellbeing.
... second mechanism, the constancy of utility that an individual derives from ethical behavior, as represented between the default and alternative scenarios (Q and Q' ; Fig. 5), eliminates the need to directly appeal on a policy level to ethical sensibilities as a motivation for high effort. With a DC defaulting to the high-effort zone, external circumstances reflect an ethical standard on the part of the DC's social media community that may compel the DC to resist fake news (for a discussion about the relationship between group influence and individual-level media and technology use, see Kim et al. 2016, Contractor et al. 1996, and Fulk et al. 1990). The negative effects of engaging with fake news-as made clear to the DC through action items for the first mechanism-are regulated by a 'social sanctioning' mechanism (e.g., through public shunning or shaming the DC for sharing fake news) that can be motivated by what Batson and Powell (2003) describe as altruism, collectivism, and prosocial behavior. ...
Article
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The COVID-19 crisis has revealed structural failures in governance and coordination on a global scale. With related policy interventions dependent on verifiable evidence, pandemics require governments to not only consider the input of experts but also ensure that science is translated for public understanding. However, misinformation and fake news, including content shared through social media, compromise the efficacy of evidence-based policy interventions and undermine the credibility of scientific expertise with potentially longer-term consequences. We introduce a formal mathematical model to understand factors influencing the behavior of social media users when encountering fake news. The model illustrates that direct efforts by social media platforms and governments, along with informal pressure from social networks, can reduce the likelihood that users who encounter fake news embrace and further circulate it. This study has implications at a practical level for crisis response in politically fractious settings and at a theoretical level for research about post-truth and the construction of fact.
... Instagram provides users with the opportunity to share and affirm each other's lives and activities via photos (Lee Eun-Ji et al., 2015). Instagram is now a fertile ground for individuals to not only to freely articulate themselves via visual content but also interact with others by using visualized communication to present positive and desirable self-images (Hwang Ha-Sung and Cho Jae-Hee, 2018;Kim Yong-Hwan, Wang and Oh Je-Young, 2016). Thus, Instagram is becoming an integral part in the lives This article was based on the first author's Master's thesis completed under the direction of the corresponding author. ...
... Media sosial telah memasuki ranah kehidupan golongnan dewasa awal (Lau, 2017). Mahasiswa mengakses media sosial dalam rangka ekspresi diri, membangun jejaring pertemanan dan opini (Kim, Wang, & Oh, 2016). Sangat disayangkan, banyak orang kecanduang gawai akibat menggunakannya secara berlebihan (Waslh, White & Young, 2007). ...
Article
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Pademi Covid-19 has disturbed the learning process in a face-to-face manner. Therefore online learning solutions need to be sought as an answer to these problems. The aim of the study was to obtain an overview of the implementation of online learning in the Biology Education Study Program of the Teaching and Education Faculty (FKIP) of Jambi University as an effort to suppress the spread of covid-19 in the campus environment. Research subjects were students of Biology Education Study Program. Data collected by telephone interview. Data analysis was performed using the interactive analysis technique of Miles & Huberman. The results showed that: (1) students already have the basic facilities needed to take part in online learning; (2) online learning has flexibility in its implementation and is able to encourage the emergence of learning independence and motivation to be more active in learning; and (3) distance learning encourages the emergence of social distancing behavior and minimizes the emergence of student crowds so that it is deemed able to reduce the potential for the spread of Covid-19 in the campus environment. Abstrak. Pademi covid-19 telah mengganggu proses pembelajaran secara konvensional. Maka diperlukan solusi untuk menjawab permasalahan tersebut. Pembelajaran secara daring adalah salah satu alternatif yang dapat mengatasi masalah tersebut. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk memperoleh gambaran pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring di Prodi Pendidikan Biologi FKIP Universitas Jambi sebagai upaya menekan penyebaran covid-19 di Perguruan Tinggi. Subjek penelitian adalah mahasiswa Prodi Pendidikan Biologi. Data dikumpulkan dengan wawancara melalui zoom cloud meeting. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan teknik analisis interaktif Miles & Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) mahasiswa telah memiliki fasilitas-fasilitas dasar yang dibutuhkan untuk mengikuti pembelajaran daring; (2) pembelajaran daring memiliki fleksibilitas dalam pelaksanaannya dan mampu mendorong munculnya kemandirian belajar dan motivasi untuk lebih aktif dalam belajar; dan (3) pembelajaran jarak jauh mendorong munculnya perilaku social distancing dan meminimalisir munculnya keramaian mahasiswa sehingga dianggap dapat mengurangi potensi penyebaran Covid-19 di lingkungan kampus. Lemahnya pengawasan terhadap mahasiswa, kurang kuatnya sinyal di daerah pelosok, dan mahalnya biaya kuota adalah tantangan tersendiri dalam pembelajaran daring.
Article
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Leisure is an opportunity for relaxation, enjoyment, and rejuvenation. Often, actively utilizing leisure is a prerequisite for internal satisfaction. Being aware of the importance of leisure creates opportunities to achieve more balance, happiness, and personal development in life. Therefore, it is important to fully understand the value of leisure and have positive attitudes towards it. In light of this information, the following objectives have been adopted for the research in order to identify the variables that positively or negatively affect leisure attitude (LA) and develop recommendations based on the obtained results: (a) determining the relationship between social media addiction (SMA) and LA; (b) determining the relationship between SMA and the fear of missing out (FoMO); (c) determining the relationship between SMA and the need to belong (NTB); (d) determining the relationship between FoMO and LA; (e) determining the relationship between NTB and FoMO; (f) determining the relationship between NTB and LA; (g) determining the mediating effect of FoMO on the relationship between SMA and LA; (h) determining the moderating effect of NTB on the relationship between SMA and FoMO; (i) determining the moderating effect of NTB on the relationship between FoMO and LA; (j) determining the moderating effect of NTB on the relationship between SMA and LA. The study population consisted of students enrolled in the Recreation Management program (270 students) at Necmettin Erbakan University's Faculty of Tourism. The ideal sample size, representative of the population, was determined as 159 students using the Sample Size Calculator program (with a 95% confidence level and 5% margin of error); however, data were collected from 220 students. The data were collected through a survey using the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS), Leisure Attitude Scale (LAS), Fear of Missing Out Scale (FoMOS), and Need To Belong Scale (NTBS). Following data analysis, the construct validity and reliability of the measurement tools were retested. The mean distributions of the measurement tools were analyzed, and hypothesis testing was conducted using Process Model 4 and Process Model 59 in the SPSS program. The study has shown the following results: (a) there was no relationship between SMA and LA; (b) there was a positive relationship between SMA and FoMO; (c) there was a positive relationship between SMA and NTB; (d) there was no relationship between FoMO and LA (although there was a positive relationship between FoMO and behavioral LA); (e) there was a positive relationship between NTB and FoMO; (f) there was a positive relationship between NTB and LA; (g) the relationship between SMA and LA was not mediated by FoMO; (h) the relationship between SMA and FoMO was not moderated by NTB; (i) the relationship between FoMO and LA was positively moderated by NTB; (j) the relationship between SMA and LA was not moderated by NTB. The findings of the study are discussed in the relevant section, and recommendations are developed based on the results obtained.
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More than two years have passed, and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is yet to be completely resolved. Campaigns on COVID-19 preventive behaviors have become crucial in tackling this issue among the public. Persuading the public to practice COVID-19 preventive behaviors remains to be a challenge. The current research aims to develop and test a model that can explain COVID-19 preventive behaviors by considering two factors: digital communication and psychological factors. This study employed a quantitative approach, wherein data were collected through an online survey. The sample consisted of 358 participants. Samples were selected using the purposive sampling method. SEM-PLS was used as an analytical tool in this study. The results of this research indicate that COVID-19 preventive behaviors are directly and positively influenced by behavioral intentions, digital media platforms, and communication exposure. Furthermore, COVID-19 preventive behaviors are indirectly influenced by perceived threat, subjective norms, perceived behavior control, awareness, knowledge, attitude, and message characteristics. Meanwhile, source credibility was proven to have neither direct nor indirect influence on COVID-19 preventive behaviors.
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This study focused on how students utilized social media platforms in terms of sites, frequency, time, and length of utilization. The study was conducted at a higher education institution in the Philippines, with a sample size of 60 purposively selected participants. It employed a mixed quantitative-qualitative approach using both questionnaires and in-depth interviews to gather comprehensive data. The study's results revealed that the top three social media platforms in terms of site utilization were Facebook, YouTube, and Instagram. Participants reported visiting their social media accounts several times a day and spending an average of three to six hours per week on these platforms. On average, they are subscribed to their social media platforms for one to three years. Vignettes from the interview and communication theories were employed to explain, strengthen, substantiate, and validate the study's results, enhancing the analysis of the findings. The study concluded that students have been actively engaged with social media platforms for a considerable period and are likely to continue using them. They frequently accessed their accounts to perform web-based tasks for various purposes, indicating a persistent inclination to use social media for multiple functions in the future. This research contributes to the literature on social media's new perspectives in education. It provides a basis for an enriched curriculum integrated with modern media technologies. Such educational advancements can better prepare students to navigate and make the most of social media in their academic and professional pursuits.
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A new framework curriculum of early childhood education in Bosnia and Herzegovina “Common core curriculum for preschool education”, published by Agency for preschool, primary and secondary education B&H (2018), will be presented in the paper. It aims to become the basis for a specific curriculum system in B&H, with comprehensive assumption to support the every child’s development, as well as, social, educational, and personal characteristics and needs, but on the other hand, the development of preschool practice and pedagogical science in early childhood
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Emotions play an important role in explaining why news framing has effects on opinions about immigration. Yet, our knowledge regarding which emotions are relevant for different types of news frames is limited. This survey experiment (N = 715) determines to what extent positive and negative emotions mediate framing effects about immigration, and whether mediation depends on the type of frame at stake. We exposed participants to one of four preestablished frames: the emancipation, multicultural, assimilation, or victimization frame. Results show that the emancipation and multicultural frames cause the most emotional response. Positive emotions function as mediators of framing effects on immigration opinions.
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This article examines the role of the Internet as a source of political information and a sphere for public expression. Informational media use, whether traditional news sources or online public affairs content, is expected to foster interpersonal political discussion and online civic messaging, contributing to increased civic participation. Using two-wave national panel survey data, three types of synchronous structural equation models are tested: cross sectional (relating individual differences), fixed effects (relating intraindividual change), and auto regressive (relating aggregate change). All models reveal that online media complement traditional media to foster political discussion and civic messaging. These two forms of political expression, in turn, influence civic participation. Other variable orderings are tested to compare the theorized model to alternative causal specifications. Results reveal that the model produces the best fit, empirically and theoretically, with the influence of the Internet, rivaling the mobilizing power of traditional modes of information and expression.
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This study examines if Facebook, one of the most popular social network sites among college students in the U.S., is related to attitudes and behaviors that enhance individuals' social capital. Using data from a random web survey of college students across Texas (n = 2,603), we find positive relationships between intensity of Facebook use and students' life satisfaction, social trust, civic engagement, and political participation. While these findings should ease the concerns of those who fear that Facebook has mostly negative effects on young adults, the positive and significant associations between Facebook variables and social capital were small, suggesting that online social networks are not the most effective solution for youth disengagement from civic duty and democracy.
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This study examines the relationship between use of Facebook, a popular online social network site, and the formation and maintenance of social capital. In addition to assessing bonding and bridging social capital, we explore a dimension of social capital that assesses one's ability to stay connected with members of a previously inhabited community, which we call maintained social capital. Regression analyses conducted on results from a survey of undergraduate students (N=286) suggest a strong association between use of Facebook and the three types of social capital, with the strongest relationship being to bridging social capital. In addition, Facebook usage was found to interact with measures of psychological well-being, suggesting that it might provide greater benefits for users experiencing low self-esteem and low life satisfaction.
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A Web survey of 1,715 college students was conducted to examine Facebook Groups users' gratifications and the relationship between users' gratifications and their political and civic participation offline. A factor analysis revealed four primary needs for participating in groups within Facebook: socializing, entertainment, self-status seeking, and information. These gratifications vary depending on user demographics such as gender, hometown, and year in school. The analysis of the relationship between users' needs and civic and political participation indicated that, as predicted, informational uses were more correlated to civic and political action than to recreational uses.
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This study assessed motives for social network site (SNS) use, group belonging, collective self-esteem, and gender effects among older adolescents. Communication with peer group members was the most important motivation for SNS use. Participants high in positive collective self-esteem were strongly motivated to communicate with peer group via SNS. Females were more likely to report high positive collective self-esteem, greater overall use, and SNS use to communicate with peers. Females also posted higher means for group-in-self, passing time, and entertainment. Negative collective self-esteem correlated with social compensation, suggesting that those who felt negatively about their social group used SNS as an alternative to communicating with other group members. Males were more likely than females to report negative collective self-esteem and SNS use for social compensation and social identity gratifications.
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A hypothesized need to form and maintain strong, stable interpersonal relationships is evaluated in light of the empirical literature. The need is for frequent, nonaversive interactions within an ongoing relational bond. Consistent with the belongingness hypothesis, people form social attachments readily under most conditions and resist the dissolution of existing bonds. Belongingness appears to have multiple and strong effects on emotional patterns and on cognitive processes. Lack of attachments is linked to a variety of ill effects on health, adjustment, and well-being. Other evidence, such as that concerning satiation, substitution, and behavioral consequences, is likewise consistent with the hypothesized motivation. Several seeming counterexamples turned out not to disconfirm the hypothesis. Existing evidence supports the hypothesis that the need to belong is a powerful, fundamental, and extremely pervasive motivation.
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Has the cell phone forever changed the way people communicate? The mobile phone is used for "real time" coordination while on the run, adolescents use it to manage their freedom, and teens "text" to each other day and night. The mobile phone is more than a simple technical innovation or social fad, more than just an intrusion on polite society. This book, based on world-wide research involving tens of thousands of interviews and contextual observations, looks into the impact of the phone on our daily lives. The mobile phone has fundamentally affected our accessibility, safety and security, coordination of social and business activities, and use of public places. Based on research conducted in dozens of countries, this insightful and entertaining book examines the once unexpected interaction between humans and cell phones, and between humans, period. The compelling discussion and projections about the future of the telephone should give designers everywhere a more informed practice and process, and provide researchers with new ideas to last years.
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While mental health figured prominently in the writings of classical sociologists, contemporary sociologists often view research on mental health as peripheral to the "real work" of the discipline. The essays in this volume reassert the centrality of research in mental health to sociology. First, they articulate the contributions that mental health research has made and can make to resolving key theoretical and empirical debates in important areas of sociological study. Second, they draw from mainstream theories and concepts to reconsider the potential of sociology to provide answers to critical questions regarding the social origins of and social responses to mental illness. As reflected in the title, the sociological study of mental health provides a reflection of the central processes that characterize our society. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. All rights reserved.
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Based on the uses and gratifications framework, this study examined associations between motivations for using Facebook among college students, their concern for impression management, Facebook intensity, and psychological outcomes including sense of belonging and satisfaction with campus life. Using data from an online survey (N = 246), the study found that four motivations—entertainment, relationship maintenance, self-expression, and communication—together with impression management, were significantly associated with Facebook intensity. However, the impacts of Facebook intensity on psychological consequences were relatively limited. Theoretical implications of the study were discussed.
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This article examines the use of smartphones for instrumental information access and use among Danish youth. Based on 31 individual semistructured interviews with Danish high school students and a grounded theory approach, it finds that instrumental use of information on smartphones has become an integrated and relied on part of everyday lives of these young Danes. Near-ubiquitous access to information is found to have consequences at both individual and social levels. Individually, users are able to look up information irrespective of the time and place and respond and adapt to this information in a rapid and flexible manner: a process the article refers to as “flexible alignment.” Further, near-ubiquitous access to information may lead to a more flexible orientation among users, who come to depend on just-in-time (rather than ahead-of-time) access to information in dealing with the contingencies of everyday life. Socially, the article finds that users may become increasingly autonomous vis-à-vis the network of social contacts, as mobile access to information is no longer exclusively available through mediated person-to-person communication but can be accessed individually as well.
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Nine studies examined the construct validity of the Need to Belong Scale. The desire for acceptance and belonging correlated with, but was distinct from, variables that involve a desire for social contact, such as extraversion and affiliation motivation. Furthermore, need to belong scores were not related to insecure attachment or unfulfilled needs for acceptance. Need to belong was positively correlated with extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism and with having an identity that is defined in terms of social attributes. Need to belong was associated with emotional reactions to rejection, values involving interpersonal relationships, and subclinical manifestations of certain personality disorders.
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Has the cell phone forever changed the way people communicate? The mobile phone is used for â?real timeâ coordination while on the run, adolescents use it to manage their freedom, and teens â?textâ to each other day and night. The mobile phone is more than a simple technical innovation or social fad, more than just an intrusion on polite society. This book, based on world-wide research involving tens of thousands of interviews and contextual observations, looks into the impact of the phone on our daily lives. The mobile phone has fundamentally affected our accessibility, safety and security, coordination of social and business activities, and use of public places. Based on research conducted in dozens of countries, this insightful and entertaining book examines the once unexpected interaction between humans and cell phones, and between humans, period. The compelling discussion and projections about the future of the telephone should give designers everywhere a more informed practice and process, and provide researchers with new ideas to last years.
Book
An investigation into how specific Web technologies can change the dynamics of organizing and participating in political and social protest. Much attention has been paid in recent years to the emergence of “Internet activism,” but scholars and pundits disagree about whether online political activity is different in kind from more traditional forms of activism. Does the global reach and blazing speed of the Internet affect the essential character or dynamics of online political protest? In Digitally Enabled Social Change, Jennifer Earl and Katrina Kimport examine key characteristics of web activism and investigate their impacts on organizing and participation. Earl and Kimport argue that the web offers two key affordances relevant to activism: sharply reduced costs for creating, organizing, and participating in protest; and the decreased need for activists to be physically together in order to act together. Drawing on evidence from samples of online petitions, boycotts, and letter-writing and e-mailing campaigns, Earl and Kimport show that the more these affordances are leveraged, the more transformative the changes to organizing and participating in protest.
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Winner, Media Ecology Association's 2009 Erving Goffman Award for Outstanding Scholarship in the Ecology of Social Interaction. and Honorable Mention, Sociology & Social Work category, 2008 PROSE Awards presented by the Professional/Scholarly Publishing Division of the Association of American Publishers. The message of this book is simple: the mobile phone strengthens social bonds among family and friends. With a traditional land-line telephone, we place calls to a location and ask hopefully if someone is "there"; with a mobile phone, we have instant and perpetual access to friends and family regardless of where they are. But when we are engaged in these intimate conversations with absent friends, what happens to our relationship with the people who are actually in the same room with us? In New Tech, New Ties, Rich Ling examines how the mobile telephone affects both kinds of interactionsthose mediated by mobile communication and those that are face to face. Ling finds that through the use of various social rituals the mobile telephone strengthens social ties within the circle of friends and familysometimes at the expense of interaction with those who are physically presentand creates what he calls "bounded solidarity." Ling argues that mobile communication helps to engender and develop social cohesion within the family and the peer group. Drawing on the work of Emile Durkheim, Erving Goffman, and Randall Collins, Ling shows that ritual interaction is a catalyst for the development of social bonding. From this perspective, he examines how mobile communication affects face-to-face ritual situations and how ritual is used in interaction mediated by mobile communication. He looks at the evidence, including interviews and observations from around the world, that documents the effect of mobile communication on social bonding and also examines some of the other possibly problematic issues raised by tighter social cohesion in small groups.
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In recent years, mobile communication has emerged as a channel for political discourse among network ties. Although some celebrate new possibilities for political life, others are concerned that it can lead to network insularity and political detachment. This study examined how mobile-mediated discourse with strong ties interacts with characteristics of those ties to predict levels of political participation. Findings revealed that mobile-based discourse is positively associated with political participation, but that this relationship is moderated by the size and heterogeneity of one's network. Participation increases with use of the technology in large networks of like-minded individuals, but declines with use of the technology in homogeneous networks that are small. Implications and future research considerations are offered in the discussion.
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This study examined whether and how mobile communication influences the extent to which one engages with new people in public settings. Contrary to our expectation, general use of the technology in public did not detract from conversing with strangers. Shifting focus from where one uses the mobile phone to how it is used, we found that uses for coordination and news each lead to increased conversations with strangers in public settings, while relational use detracted from them. The findings also reveal an interactive effect such that those who use mobile technology for news and frequently use it in public were more likely to engage with strangers in public. The discussion offers interpretation of the findings and directions for future research.
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The development of civic responsibility is considered to be an important component of healthy adolescent development. However, the study of its development has been relatively neglected and few studies have attempted to ground understanding of its development in a theoretical framework. The present study operationalized civic responsibility as attitudes and behaviors relating to political and community issues that are beneficial to society and compared two theoretical causal models, the social development model (SDM) and a coping-competency model for their predictive value. Gender differences were also assessed. A total of 500 subjects, drawn from a longitudinal study (the Australian Temperament Project), participated in the study, using questionnaire and interview data. Approximately 1 in 5 adolescents actively engaged in behaviors reflecting community civic responsibility and less than 1 in 10 actively participated in the political arena. However, positive levels of social awareness were evident. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that the SDM had the most predictive value for political and community civic responsibility. Peer encouragement and peer participation were the most significant predictors. Variables from the coping-competency model played some role in the prediction of community, but not political, civic responsibility. Gender differences in community civic responsibility, but not political civic responsibility, were found. One in two adolescents indicated that they would participate in volunteer work or political activities if more opportunities existed. This suggests the need for greater availability of appropriate community-oriented activities for adolescents. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 32: 229–255, 2004.
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This study employed the uses and gratifications approach to investigate how patterns of mobile phone use are linked to civic and political involvement. Findings reveal that use of the technology for information exchange and recreation are positive predictors of participation in civic life, however associations are moderated by mobile communication competence. Notably, individuals who report higher levels of comfort with mobile telephony and use it for information exchange tend to be more civically and politically engaged than those who report less comfort with the technology. These findings shed new light on the positive role of mobile communication in civil society, while highlighting competence as an emergent dimension of the so-called “second-level” digital divide, which has traditionally focused on computer skills.
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This study investigates the relationship between sense of community, civic engagement and social well-being in a sample of Italian adolescents. Participants were 14–19 year-old high school students (N = 566) from two demographically distinct cities. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing sense of community, social well-being (Keyes, 1998), involvement in structured group activities (group membership) and civic engagement. Results showed that involvement in formal groups is associated with increased civic involvement and increased sense of community. Sense of community predicts social well-being and explains some of the association between civic engagement and social well-being. Findings suggest that, to increase social well-being, it is important to provide adolescents with more opportunities to experience a sense of belonging to the peers' group and promote prosocial behaviours in the community context. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Guanxi, or social networks common in Confucian cultures, has long been recognized as one of the major factors for success when doing business in China. However, insider networks in business are certainly not confined to Asian cultures, nor is the attendant possibility for corruption. This study obtained original data to investigate current Taiwanese perceptions of (1) how guanxi is established and cultivated; (2) how guanxi actually is practiced now and people’s acceptance of it; and (3) the effects of guanxi on business operations, employment/promotion, and social justice and fairness. The researchers also hope to (4) verify some arguments made by pioneering researchers. The authors speculate on how these attitudes may affect behavior in business transactions in hopes of making readers more aware of differing cultural values that may create unexpected ethical dilemmas. They suggest that professional ethical codes should provide guidance on the practice of guanxi in a Confucian society and that special emphasis or training in interpreting those codes may be required.
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This study explores the range and robustness of the motivational power of process utility by examining its importance in the case of help seeking from service providers. Three studies examine whether people’s choices about help seeking are shaped by the “process utility” of the helping procedure itself. Studies one and two examine choices between experts who provide advice that maximizes: (1) material outcome utility or (2) process utility. Study three considers when people seek help from service providers. The results suggest that in each of these contexts process utility influences help seeking choices. These findings suggest that people’s utilities extend beyond financial and material resources, even in settings traditionally viewed as framed by economic outcomes.
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Millions of contemporary young adults use social networking sites. However, little is known about how much, why, and how they use these sites. In this study, 92 undergraduates completed a diary-like measure each day for a week, reporting daily time use and responding to an activities checklist to assess their use of the popular social networking site, Facebook. At the end of the week, they also completed a follow-up survey. Results indicated that students use Facebook approximately 30 min throughout the day as part of their daily routine. Students communicated on Facebook using a one-to-many style, in which they were the creators disseminating content to their friends. Even so, they spent more time observing content on Facebook than actually posting content. Facebook was used most often for social interaction, primarily with friends with whom the students had a pre-established relationship offline. In addition to classic identity markers of emerging adulthood, such as religion, political ideology, and work, young adults also used media preferences to express their identity. Implications of social networking site use for the development of identity and peer relationships are discussed.
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The present study examined the influence of gender and personality on individuals’ use of online social networking websites such as Facebook and MySpace. Participants were 238 undergraduate students who reported being members of Facebook, MySpace, or both. Based on prior research examining online behavior, we expected that gender and scores on the Big Five personality scale would moderate online social networking behavior. The results supported our predictions. Specifically, men reported using social networking sites for forming new relationships while women reported using them more for relationship maintenance. Furthermore, women low in agreeableness reported using instant messaging features of social networking sites more often than women high in agreeableness, whereas men low in openness reported playing more games on social networking sites compared to men high in openness. Overall, these results indicate the importance of examining individual differences in online behavior.
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Today's mobile phone is a pervasive tool. It has become such an important aspect of a user's daily life that it has moved from being a mere 'technological object' to a key 'social object'. This paper explores the societal and human implications of advances in mobile technology, and notably the increasingly personalized nature of the mobile device. It argues that human and identity and social interaction have not been untouched by the mobile phenomenon.
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This article provides researchers with a guide to properly construe and conduct analyses of conditional indirect effects, commonly known as moderated mediation effects. We disentangle conflicting definitions of moderated mediation and describe approaches for estimating and testing a variety of hypotheses involving conditional indirect effects. We introduce standard errors for hypothesis testing and construction of confidence intervals in large samples but advocate that researchers use bootstrapping whenever possible. We also describe methods for probing significant conditional indirect effects by employing direct extensions of the simple slopes method and Johnson-Neyman technique for probing significant interactions. Finally, we provide an SPSS macro to facilitate the implementation of the recommended asymptotic and bootstrapping methods. We illustrate the application of these methods with an example drawn from the Michigan Study of Adolescent Life Transitions, showing that the indirect effect of intrinsic student interest on mathematics performance through teacher perceptions of talent is moderated by student math self-concept.
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Mobile phone use is a prevalent behaviour amongst youth; however, there is little research to determine psychological influences on mobile phone use. This paper reports the results of a qualitative exploration into social psychological factors relating to young people’s mobile phone use. Focus groups were conducted with 32 participants, aged between 16 and 24 years. Three major themes, connectedness, belonging, and social identity, were explored in relation to young people’s mobile phone use. Easy contact with others when using a mobile phone facilitated connectedness between people. A need to remain connected emerged in participants’ descriptions of their mobile phone use. Consequently, data were analysed for factors underpinning people’s desire to be connected. It emerged that mobile phones were used to enhance feelings of belonging amongst youth. Additionally, group norms influenced mobile phone behaviour indicating that social identity processes are related to mobile phone use. Results in the study provide a foundation upon which to investigate further the relationship between mobile phone use and psychological factors impacting on young people’s social development.