No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the authors.
Comparison of young shoots, leaves and flowers of Crataegus oxyacantha for cardiovascular activity. III. Protective effect on isolated rat heart against arrhythmia-inducing agents and in reperfusion arrhythmias
... According to literature survey performed for the current review, oligomeric procyanidins (OPCs, varying between 1-3% in fruits or leaves with flowers) and flavonoids (from 0.1 to 1% in fruits, 1-2% in leaves and flowers) are the major secondary metabolites found in C. oxyacantha [9,[29][30][31] (Figs. 1 and 2). The early phytochemical studies on C. oxyacantha started mainly with isolation of flavonoid derivatives, e.g. a heptahydroxyflavan glycoside, vitexin, isovitexin, vitexin-4'rhamnoside, vitexin-2''-O-rhamnoside and its acetyl derivative, flavans, apigenin, apigetrin, luteolin, luteolin 3',7-diglucoside, rutoside, hyperoside, rutin, orientin, isoorientin, kaempferol, quercetin, and isoquercitrin [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43], oligomeric procyanidins, i.e. catechin and epicatechin, (-)-epicatechin, procyanidins B2, B4, B5, and C1 [44][45][46], other phenolics, i.e. 2,3-dihydro-3,5dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one, 1,2-dihydroxybenzene, 2-furanmethanol, 3,7,11,15-tetrametyl-2hexaden-1-ol and phenolic acids, i.e. chlorogenic, caffeic, and quinic acids [21,37,43]. Later, several cardiotonic amines, i.e. phenylethylamine, tyramine, isobutylamine, O-methoxy phenylethylamine [27,47] as well as triterpenes, i.e. maslinic (syn. ...
... Later, several cardiotonic amines, i.e. phenylethylamine, tyramine, isobutylamine, O-methoxy phenylethylamine [27,47] as well as triterpenes, i.e. maslinic (syn. crataegolic), ursolic, and oleanolic acids [38,48], fatty acids and sterols, i.e. β-sitosterol [49] were also isolated from this species (Fig. 3). O ...
... The crude extract of C. oxyacantha was revealed to display negative chronotropic effects in a cell culture assay using neonatal murine cardiomyocytes having unpaced cells since it does not cause βadrenergic receptor blockade [53]. Protective effect of the plant was demonstrated on isolated rat heart induced by arrhythmic agents [38]. Abdul-Ghani et al. [19] demonstrated hypotensive activity of C. oxyacantha in a rat model, while the hydroalcoholic extract of the flower heads of the plant was shown to inhibit thromboxane A 2 (TXA 2 ) biosynthesis in vitro [45]. ...
Crataegus oxyacantha L. (syn. C. rhipidophylla Gand.) (Rosaceae) is one of two medicinally recognized hawthorn species in European Pharmacopeia. Standardization of the extract prepared from the berry and flowers of the plant is required according to its oligomeric procyanidins. C. oxyacantha is well-known for its use in the treatment of various heart problems particularly, including heart failure in cases of declining cardiac performance equivalent to stages I and II of the New York Heart Association classification, angina pectoris, hypertension with myocardial insufficiency, mild alterations of cardiac rhythm, and atherosclerosis. C. oxyacantha has been reported to exert several other pharmacological activities such as hypotensive, antihyperlipidemic, antihyperglycemic, anxiolytic, immunomodulatory, and antimutagenic. Oligomeric procyanidins and flavone/flavonol types of flavonoids, which are considered to be the chief groups of active substances, phenolic acids, triterpenes, fatty acids, and sterols are present in the plant. The present review aims mainly to outline cardiotonic effect of C. oxyacantha as well as its brief phytochemistry. Numerous experiments and clinical studies have underlined cardiovascular efficacy of the plant through various mechanisms including positive inotropic and negative chronotropic effects, escalation in coronary blood flow and exercise tolerance, inhibition of the enzymes such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and phosphodiesterase, anti-inflammatory and antihyperlipidemic effects, improving status of antioxidant enzymes, etc., which support its cardioactive efficacy. The plant possesses several other bioactivities for human health usually concomitant to its rich polyphenolic content.
Several aliphatic alcohols and three triterpenes have been isolated from Crataegus monogyna Jacq. The aliphatic alcohols isolated were identified as the C18 to C30 elements of the 1-alkanol homologous series. The structures of triterpene alcohols were established as butyrospermol (3β-lanost 8,24-dien, 3-ol), 24-methylen-24-dihydrolanosterol (24-methylen-5α-lanost-8-en-3β-ol) and cycloartenol (9β,19-cyclo-5α,9β-lanost-24-en-3β-ol).
The hexane extracts of Viscum cruciatum Sieber (Viscaceae) parasitic on Crataegus monogyna Jacq. (I), Crataegus monogyna Jacq. parasitized with Viscum cruciatum Sieber (II), and Crataegus monogyna Jacq. (Rosaceae) non-parasitized (III), and a triterpenic fraction isolated from II and III were screened for their effects on mitotic division in Allium cepaL. (Liliaceae). The chromatographic fractionation of the hexane extracts II and III provided triterpenic fractions (CFII and CFIII) in which cycloartenol was identified as the main component. A mitodepressive effect of the hexane extracts (I, II, III) was observed. The results obtained with the triterpenic fractions showed higher activity than the hexane extracts II and III. Triterpenic fractions isolated from the hexane extract of Crataegus monogyna non-parasitized showed complete inhibition of cell division at 48 h of treatment. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Different extracts of fresh vegetative and reproductive organs from Crataegus monogyna harvested during a whole season and from some pharmaceutical hawthorn preparations exhibit in vitro antioxidant activities using three different models of oxygen reactive species generation (superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorous acid). All the tested samples show low IC50 values, the most efficient being fresh young leaves, fresh floral buds and pharmaceutical dried flowers. The activities seem to be especially bound to the total phenolic proanthocyanidin and flavonoid contents.
Crataegus extract is used in cardiology for the treatment of mild to moderate heart failure (NYHA II) in Germany. However, little is known about the electrophysiological actions of Crataegus extract in the heart. Recently, it was shown that Crataegus extract prolongs the refractory period in isolated perfused hearts and increases action potential duration in guinea pig papillary muscle. It was the aim of this study to find out the mechanism of the increase in action potential duration caused by Crataegus extract. Using the patch-clamp technique, we measured the effects of Crataegus extract (10 mg/l; flavonoid content: 2.25%, total procyanidin content: 11.3 +/- 0.4%) on the inward rectifier and the delayed rectifier potassium current in isolated guinea pig ventricular myocytes. To get some insight into the mechanism underlying the positive inotropic effect of Crataegus extract, we also looked for effects on the L-type calcium current. Crataegus extract slightly blocked both the delayed and the inward rectifier potassium current. The inhibition amounted to 25% and about 15%, respectively. This amount of inhibition of these repolarising currents is sufficient to explain the prolongation of action potential duration caused by Crataegus extract. To our surprise we could not detect any influence of Crataegus extract on the L-type calcium current. In summary, our results show that Crataegus extract blocks repolarising potassium currents in ventricular myocytes. This effect is similar to the action of class III antiarrhythmic drugs and might be the basis of the antiarrhythmic effects described for Crataegus extract. Our measurements of the L-type calcium current indicate that Crataegus extract's positive inotropic effect is not caused by phosphodiesterase inhibition or a beta-sympathomimetic effect.
Different species of Crataegus, commonly called Hawthorn, were reported to possess wide pharmacological effects on the cardiovascular system. In the present study, chloroform, ethylacetate and methanol (70%) extracts of the flowering tops of Crataegus meyeri A. Pojark. were studied. The extracts were tested on the incidence and severity of arrhythmias induced by a period of myocardial ischaemia in open-chest anaesthetized male Wistar rats. Infusion of a hydroalcohol extract (1 mg/kg/min) resulted in a significant decrease in the total number of ventricular ectopic beats (from 1494 +/- 362 in the control to 634 +/- 102), mainly by reduction of beats occurring as ventricular tachycardia. A chloroform extract (1 mg/kg/min) also reduced the total number of ventricular ectopic beats but this reduction was due to the decrease of single extrasystoles. A significant reduction in the time spent for ventricular fibrillation was seen by the hydroalcohol and ethylacetate extracts. There were no significant changes in the heart rate and blood pressure during the extract infusion. However, bolus injection of all the extracts caused a significant reduction in the blood pressure. Thus, the extracts of Crataegus meyeri have a hypotensive and a potential antiarrhythmic action on ischaemic myocardium and may possess active principles.
A simple HPLC method with photodiode-array (PDA) ultraviolet detection was developed for the simultaneous determination of four active polyphenol components of hawthorn (Crataegus), chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, hyperoside and isoquercitrin, in rat plasma. Following extraction from the plasma samples with ethyl acetate-methanol (2:1, v/v), these four compounds were successfully separated using a C18 column with a gradient elution of 5 and 25% acetonitrile in 25 mM phosphate buffer (pH 2.4). The flow-rate was set at 1 ml/min and the eluent was detected at 325 nm for chlorogenic acid, 278 nm for epicatechin, and 360 nm for both hyperoside and isoquercitrin. Narignin (0.82 microg) was used as the internal standard and was detected at 278 nm. The method is linear over the studied range of 0.16-40, 0.63-160, 0.13-32 and 0.13-30 microg/ml for chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, hyperoside and isoquercitrin, respectively. The correlation coefficient for each analyte was greater than 0.995. The intra-day and inter-day precision of the analysis was better than 4 and 7%, respectively. The extraction recoveries at low to high concentration were greater than 85% for both epicatechin and chlorogenic acid, and greater than 94% for both hyperoside and isoquercitrin. The detection limits were 0.04, 0.20, 0.03 and 0.03 microg/ml for chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, hyperoside and isoquercitrin. The developed method was used to analyze the plasma concentrations of the four analytes after the intravenous administration of hawthorn polyphenol extract to rats.
A phytochemical study of two plant species, Viscum cruciatum Sieber and Crataegus monogyna Jacq., was completed to investigate the influence of the parasite Viscum cruciatum on the host Crataegus monogyna. The study was carried out with two samples and consisted of hexane extracts of the Viscum cruciatum parasitizing on Crataegus monogyna and C monogyna. In these samples ursolic acid, beta-sitosterol and a triterpene fraction were found that contained mainly butyrospermol (3beta-lanost 8, 24-dien, 3-ol), 24-methylene-24-dihydrolanosterol (24-methylene-5alpha-lanost-8-en-3beta-ol), cycloartenol (9beta, 19-cyclo-5alpha, 9beta-lanost-24-en-3beta-ol), beta-amyrin (olean-12-en-3beta-ol) and several aliphatic alcohols identified as the C18 to C30 members of the 1-alkanol homologous series. beta-Amyrin acetate was only isolated from Viscum cruciatum and was not found in Crataegus monogyna.
A review with 54 references covers all aspects of hawthorn, the genus Crataegus, including its traditional LISPS, chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, and clinical effects. Although the effectiveness of hawthorn on the treatment of cardiovascular diseases has received extensive attention worldwide, farther scientific research on various areas such as pharmacokinetics, mechanism of actions will be necessary to ensure its safe and effective usage. (C) 2002 the American College of Clinical Pharmacology.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.