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Comprehensive meta-analysis (Version 2.2.027) [Computer software]
... Correlation coefficients (r) were subjected to Fisher's Z transformation using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (CMA) (V4, 2024) [32,33] to ensure a suitable normal distribution for meta-analysis. The transformation yielded Z-scores (Z), SEs, and the observation number (n) for each correlation, which were determined using Equations (2), (3), and (4), respectively: ...
... In a comprehensive meta-analysis approach [32,33], the correlation coefficients (r) could be automatically transformed to Fisher's Z scale (Z) to ensure a normal distribution of the imported correlations. So, in the present study, Z, SE, and the number of observations (n) were computed using the formula [1], where SEᵢ is the estimated standard error in the i th study and k = 1.645, 1.960, and 2.575 for 90%, 95%, and 99% confidence intervals (CIs), respectively. ...
... For statistical analysis, correlation coefficients (r) were transformed to Fisher's Z scores (Z) using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software [32,33]. This transformation ensures a normal distribution of the data, a requirement for meta-analysis. ...
Objective: The study aimed to investigate the effects of castration on performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality in sheep, as well as explore the expression of key genes related to metabolic pathways and muscle growth following castration. Methods: A meta-analysis approach was utilized to analyze data from multiple studies to compare the performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of castrated sheep (wethers) with intact rams. Additionally, protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks, differential gene expression (DEG) interactions, Gene Ontology (GO) terms, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were examined to identify molecular mechanisms associated with fat metabolism and muscle development in sheep tails. Results: The analysis revealed that castrated sheep (wethers) exhibited improved average daily gain, increased tenderness, lower backfat thickness, and a tendency for greater loin muscle area compared to intact rams. This suggests that castration promotes faster growth and results in leaner carcasses with potentially higher muscle content. Furthermore, the identification of downregulated DEGs like ACLY, SLC27A2, and COL1A1 and upregulated DEGs such as HOXA9, PGM2L1, and ABAT provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying fat deposition and muscle development in sheep. Conclusions: The findings support the practice of castration in sheep production as it enhances growth performance, leads to leaner carcasses with higher muscle content, and improves meat tenderness. The identified changes in gene expression offer valuable insights for further research into understanding the impact of castration on muscle development and fat metabolism in sheep. This meta-analysis contributes to the knowledge of molecular mechanisms involved in fat deposition in sheep, opening avenues for future investigations in livestock fat metabolism research.
... We examined the heterogeneity using the Q-statistic. Here, we considered the proposition from Borenstein et al. (2011) and set the level of significance to p < 0.05, indicating presence of heterogeneity. Furthermore, the I 2 -index was used in estimating of the observed variance proportion that reflects true differences in effect sizes between the studies. ...
... We interpreted the heterogeneity values of 25%, 50% and 75% as low, medium and high, respectively (Crombie and Davies 2009). In case a medium to high heterogeneity complicated interpretation of mean effect sizes, a moderator analysis was performed (Borenstein et al. 2011;Crombie and Davies 2009). ...
... To further test the asymmetry of the funnel plot, an Egger's asymmetry test of the intercept will be reported with a p > 0.05 significance level (Egger et al. 1997). If publication bias is suspected, a 'trim and fill' method adjusts for symmetry by the iterative addition and removal of studies to gauge the impact on the overall effect (Borenstein et al. 2011). In case there was missing information within the included studies, we opted for contacting the authors directly. ...
Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common mental health condition characterized by distressing, intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviours (compulsions) aimed at reducing anxiety. Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (ICBT) has emerged as an effective treatment modality for various mental health disorders. This meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy of guided self-help ICBT (GSH ICBT) and unguided self-help ICBT (SH ICBT) against active and passive control conditions in adults with OCD. A comprehensive systematic literature search yielded 12 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comprising 15 comparison arms (N = 1416) that met the inclusion criteria. Results indicate that GSH ICBT significantly reduced OCD symptomatology posttreatment compared to active controls (g = 0.378, k = 9), with no significant effects maintained at follow-up (g = 0.153, k = 4). GSH ICBT was also found to be as effective as active CBT interventions in reducing comorbid anxiety and depression symptoms posttreatment (g = 0.278, k = 6) and at follow-up (g = 0.124, k = 4). However, improvements in quality of life were not significant posttreatment (g = 0.115, k = 4) nor at follow-up (g = 0.179, k = 3). Combined GSH and SH ICBT demonstrated large effects on reducing OCD symptoms (g = 0.754, k = 6), medium effects on comorbid symptoms (g = 0.547, k = 6) and small effects on quality of life (g = 0.227, k = 2) when compared to inactive controls. No significant differences were found between GSH and SH ICBT in all measured outcomes posttreatment (OCD: g = 0.098, k = 3; AD: g = 0.070, k = 3; QoL: g = −0.030, k = 1) and at follow-up (OCD: g = 0.265, k = 2; AD: g = 0.084, k = 2; QoL: g = 0.00, k = 1). Sample size was identified as a significant moderator of treatment effects. This paper further explores clinical significance, treatment adherence, therapist time investment and moderator influences of the ICBT. The limitations of the study and recommendations for future research are thoroughly discussed.
... Statistical heterogeneity was evaluated using Higgins I 2 statistics and the Cochrane Q (Chi 2 test) [18]. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager version 5.4 (Revman 5.4) and Comprehensive Meta-Analysis v3 (CMA V3) software [19,20]. The significant difference was revealed when the probability value (P) < 0.05. ...
... Hypertension The association between hypertension and composite graft taken was assessed among 96 patients within two articles [26,27]. There was no statistically significant difference between failed and survived composite grafts groups (OR 0.46,95%CI 0.15, 1.45, P = 0. 19) with homogeneity between the included studies (I 2 = 0%, P = 0.35). (Fig. 3F). ...
Background
Fingertip amputation is a commonly encountered injury in emergency settings. Composite grafting is a non-microsurgical alternative maintaining digit length with no donor site morbidities. This meta-analysis was conducted to retrieve factors associated with composite graft survivability among patients with fingertip amputations.
Methods
A literature review throughout twelve databases was performed on 24 July 2023. All clinical studies comparing the patients-related, trauma-related, or amputation-related variables among patients with survived and non-survived composite grafting were eligible for meta-analysis. Single-arm studies reported the potential predictors of composite graft survival among patients with fingertip injuries treated with composite grafting were included.
Results
This review included ten articles with 720 fingertips composite grafting. Of them, 526 grafts survived, with a pooled overall survivability of 72.8%. There was a significant association between younger age (OR 2.31,95%CI 1.10, 4.87, P = 0.03), level of amputation (I) (OR 0.31,95% CI 0.14 to 0.67, P = 0.003), and successful composite grafting. There was no statistically significant (P = 0.449) impact of time to composite grafting on the likelihood of composite graft survivability.
Conclusion
Composite grafting is a feasible and effective procedure for restoring aesthetically functional digits among patients with traumatically amputated fingertips. The composite graft survived among the majority of the patients, with a more significant survival pattern among younger populations and patients with more distal amputations.
Level of evidence
Level III.
... Statistical analyses were conducted with Comprehensive Meta Analysis (CMA) software (Borenstein et al., 2005). Because we assumed the actual effects of feedback on students' writing would vary across comparisons due to study differences, a weighted random-effects model was applied. ...
... Since we were particularly interested in determining if the computed average weighted ESs described above differed by type of language learner, we conducted statistical analyses using an ANOVA analogue suitable for meta-analysis (Borenstein et al., 2005). If a type of feedback (surface, deep, or a combination of both) had four or more treatment/control comparisons for any language learner type (L1, L2, FL, or L1 and L2 combined), we computed an average weighted ES, a confidence interval, and conducted a statistical analysis to determine if the obtained ES was greater than no effect. ...
... The publication bias refers to the phenomenon that researchers normally did not publish non-significant results, and unpublished studies might differ from the published studies (Borenstein et al., 2005(Borenstein et al., , 2009). Based on the existing studies (Borenstein et al., 2009;Li, 2022cLi, , 2022d, the inspection of publication bias was based on funnel plot ( Figure 1) and a fail-safe N method. ...
... The I 2 for the overall model showed the high heterogeneity (I 2 = 71.093), indicating that one or more moderators could account for the heterogeneity (Borenstein et al., 2005(Borenstein et al., , 2009. Hence, moderator analysis results regarding learner-related (proficiency levels, educational levels and language types), instructionrelated (instructional approaches and intervention settings) and methodology-related (software types, intervention durations, durations and measured outcome types) moderators were reported in the remainder of this section. ...
Despite the growing body of research regarding the effectiveness of MALL (mobile-assisted language learning) technologies on foreign language (FL) learners' speaking skill development, a comprehensively quantitative meta-analysis regarding the effect sizes of these studies is still lacking. To solve the problem, this study reported results based on a meta-analysis of 20 effect sizes among 932 participants from 18 experimental and quasi-experimental studies. The results showed that the overall effect size was significantly large, suggesting the use of MALL for FL learners' speaking skill development is more effective than traditional methods. Furthermore, learner-related, instruction-related and methodology-related moderator analysis results indicated that instructional approaches and intervention durations were significant moderators, while proficiency levels, educational levels, language types, intervention settings, software types, measured outcome types and duration intensity did not find a significant moderating effect. The results of the study provide some pedagogical implications into the use of MALL technologies for FL learners' speaking skill development.
... Effect sizes were computed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 2 software (Borenstein et al., 2005), which generated Cohen's d and Hedges' g as outputs. We used Hedges' g because it corrects for the tendency of Cohen's d to overestimate effect sizes in small samples (Borenstein et al., 2009;Hedges, 1981). ...
... To enhance meta-analytic transparency and reproducibility (Polanin et al., 2020), all of our data, code, and research materials (including our coding scheme) have been made publicly available on the OSF and can be accessed at https://osf.io/xv2wj/. Data were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 2 (Borenstein et al., 2005) and R 4.3.1 (R Core Team, 2023) with the aid of various packages noted throughout our article. This review was not preregistered, but we have strived to satisfy all other relevant criteria on the AMSTAR 2 inventory 12 (Shea et al., 2017). ...
Physical cleansing is a human universal. It serves health and survival functions. It also carries rich psychological meanings that interest scholars across disciplines. What psychological effects result from cleansing? What psychological states trigger cleansing? The present meta-analysis takes stock of all experimental studies examining the psychological consequences and antecedents of cleansing-related thoughts, feelings, and behaviors (e.g., feeling less guilty after cleansing; spontaneously cleansing oneself after thinking of unwelcomed sexual encounter). It includes 129 records, 230 experiments, and 551 effects from 42,793 participants. Effect sizes were synthesized in random-effects models using robust variance estimates with small-sample corrections, supplemented by other techniques. Outliers were excluded using leave-one-out diagnostics and sensitivity analysis. Publication bias was assessed and corrected for using eight methods. Theoretical, methodological, sample, and report moderators were coded. After excluding outliers, without bias correction, the synthesized effect size estimate was g = 0.315, 95% CI [0.277, 0.354]. Using various bias correction methods, the estimate ranged from g = 0.103 to 0.331 and always exhibited considerable heterogeneity. Effect sizes were especially large for behavioral measures and varied significantly between sample types, sample regions, and report types. Meanwhile, effects were domain-general (observed in the moral domain and beyond), bidirectional (physical cleansing ↔ psychological variables), and robust across theoretical types, manipulation operationalizations, and study designs. Limitations included mixed replicability, suboptimal methodological rigor, and restricted sample diversity. We recommend future studies to (a) incorporate power analysis, preregistration, and replication; (b) investigate generalizability across samples; (c) strengthen discriminant validity; and (d) test competing theoretical accounts.
... The influence of trunk training treatment intensities on the effect size was also examined using a meta-regression analysis with a random-effects model ( Table 5). The mathematical equation for the "best fit" line to depict this meta-regression FIGURE 4: Forest plot for the effect of trunk training on trunk control at different stroke stages meta-regression analysis were also carried out (Borenstein et al. 2013 (Cohen 1988). ...
... The studies included in the investigation were meant to be a random selection from a universe of prospective research. The results were then used to reach the conclusion of that universe (Borenstein et al. 2013). According to Table 5, trunk training results in SMD increased by 14.93% and 10.22% (for every 1-unit increase in the number of sessions and total weeks). ...
ABSTRAK Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menilai keberkesanan intensiti rawatan latihan batang tubuh pada kawalan batang tubuh pesakit strok dengan skor Skala Kerosakan Batang Tubuh (TIS). Kajian kepustakaan berstruktur telah dilakukan dalam beberapa pangkalan data daripada artikel diindeks pertama sehingga Disember 2022, termasuk PubMed, Web of Science, PEDro, Perpustakaan Cochrane dan Scopus. Selain itu, pemilihan kajian telah disiasat mengikut garis panduan PRISMA. Hanya ujian terkawal rawak yang mengkaji keberkesanan latihan batang tubuh pada kawalan batang tubuh (diukur oleh TIS selepas strok) dimasukkan. Sebanyak 25 ujian dengan 976 pesakit strok telah dinilai. Sementara itu, tujuh kajian diklasifikasikan sebagai risiko berat sebelah yang tinggi. Tanpa mengira kaedah latihan dan kualiti kajian, kesan yang besar lebih berpihak kepada kumpulan latihan batang tubuh berbanding kumpulan kawalan. Analisis kepekaan mendedahkan kesan besar yang memihak kepada latihan batang tubuh pada kawalan batang tubuh [SMD = 1.16 (95% CI: 0.93-1.39); p<0.00001, I2 = 80%]. Selepas itu, tempoh rawatan latihan batang tubuh yang paling berkesan ialah 10 jam latihan kestabilan teras untuk penambahbaikan kawalan batang tubuh [SMD = 3.20 (95% CI: 2.25-4.15)]. Analisis meta-regresi tidak menunjukkan bukti kukuh intensiti rawatan latihan batang tubuh pada saiz kesan. Latihan batang tubuh adalah berkesan dalam pemulihan batang tubuh. Walau bagaimanapun, latihan batang tubuh tertentu diperlukan untuk fasa strok yang berbeza. Menariknya, saiz kesan telah diperbesarkan secara bermakna dengan menambah 15 minit latihan kestabilan teras kepada terapi konvensional (lima sesi seminggu selama lapan minggu campur tangan). Keputusan ini berguna dalam menentukan bilangan sesi untuk pemulihan batang tubuh yang berkesan. ABSTRACT This study aims to assess the efficacy of trunk training treatment intensities on trunk control of stroke patients with the Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS) score. A structured literature search was performed in several databases from the first indexed article until December 2022, including PubMed, Web of Science, PEDro, Cochrane Library, and Scopus. In addition, the study selection was investigated following the PRISMA guideline. Only randomised controlled trials that examined the trunk training effectiveness on trunk control (measured by the TIS after stroke) were included. A total of 25 trials with 976 stroke patients were evaluated. Meanwhile, seven studies were classified as high bias risk. Irrespective of the training mode and methodology quality, the large effects favored trunk training compared to the control group. The sensitivity analysis revealed a large effect in favour of trunk training on trunk control [SMD = 1.16 (95% CI: 0.93-1.39); p<0.00001, I2 = 80%]. Subsequently, the most effective trunk training treatment duration was 10 hours of core stability exercise for trunk control improvement [SMD = 3.20 (95% CI: 2.25-4.15)]. The meta-regression analysis demonstrated no strong evidence of trunk training treatment intensities on the effect sizes. Trunk training was effective in trunk rehabilitation. Nonetheless, specific trunk training was required for different stroke phases. Interestingly, the effect size was meaningfully enlarged by adding 15 minutes of core stability exercise to the conventional therapy (five sessions per week over eight weeks of intervention). This result was useful in determining the number of sessions for effective trunk rehabilitation.
... The meta-analysis was not preregistered. Effects sizes were computed using comprehensive meta-analysis (Borenstein et al., 2005), and the robumeta package in Stata/SE 17.0 was used to conduct statistical analyses. Table 2 contains information about the 105 treatment/control comparisons in 65 experiments from the 63 documents. ...
Writing self-efficacy acts as a catalyst for writing, an engine for engagement, and a determinant of the actions and resources writers apply while composing. As a result, it is important to ensure that school-aged students view themselves as competent writers. This meta-analysis examined if teaching writing improves kindergarten to Grade 12 students’ efficacy for writing, what writing treatments enhance efficacy, and whether instructionally induced writing gains predict gains in writing efficacy. Published and unpublished experiments using an experimental or quasi-experimental design (with pretests) provided the data for this review, yielding 105 writing treatment/control comparisons assessing writing self-efficacy in 65 experiments. Teaching writing had statistically detectable and positive impacts on posttest writing self-efficacy (effect size [ES] = 0.30), maintenance writing self-efficacy (ES = 0.61), and writing posttest performance (ES = 0.88). Three specific writing treatments produced statistically detectable improvements in writing self-efficacy: goal setting (ES = 0.65), strategy instruction (ES = 0.47), and feedback (ES = 0.19). Teaching writing skills, however, resulted in a statistically detectable decrement in writing self-efficacy (−0.17). Instructionally induced gains in writing performance predicted gains in writing self-efficacy. Implications for research, theory, and practice are discussed.
... The coding manual and all final codes for descriptive characteristics, continuous, and moderator variables are available at https://osf.io/6ezur/. All statistical processes were conducted using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software package (Borenstein et al., 2005). This study's design and its analysis were not preregistered. ...
Researchers argue that theory of mind (ToM) abilities are needed for text (listening or reading) comprehension. Although many studies have supported this claim, findings are mixed and researchers have disagreed on how fundamental this relation is—for example, whether ToM and text comprehension are related merely because of shared variance with verbal and executive function skills. To address these issues more definitively, we conducted a meta-analysis examining ToM and text comprehension, which included 47 independent samples with 5,123 participants ranging in age from 3 to 70 years of age (M = 10.53 years). We found a statistically significant association (r = .33) between ToM and text comprehension across 157 effect sizes. This relation did not differ based on whether data were cross-sectional or longitudinal, the age of participants, or most characteristics of the ToM or comprehension tasks (e.g., the degree to which they were narrative or inferential). However, the effect size was stronger in some languages and for listening comprehension rather than reading comprehension tasks. In longitudinal designs, the effect size did not differ depending on whether ToM was assessed before text comprehension or the reverse. Finally, we conducted meta-analyses controlling for verbal and/or executive function abilities and found that the relation between ToM and text comprehension was significant when controlling for each as well as both abilities (r = .22–.32). The current findings provide the strongest evidence to date that there is a fundamental relation between ToM and text comprehension.
... The analyses were conducted using CMA [42]. For our outcome variable, fatigue, the mean scores and SDs for pre-and postintervention (ie, baseline and T1) were either extracted directly from the articles or calculated from median scores and IQRs using the formula described by Wan et al [43]. ...
Background
Fatigue is a common and debilitating side effect of chronic diseases, significantly impacting patients’ quality of life. While physical exercise and psychological treatments have been shown to reduce fatigue, patients often struggle with adherence to these interventions in clinical practice. Game-based eHealth interventions are believed to address adherence issues by making the intervention more accessible and engaging.
Objective
This study aims to compile empirical evidence on game-based eHealth interventions for fatigue in individuals with chronic diseases and to evaluate their effectiveness in alleviating fatigue.
Methods
A comprehensive literature search was performed across Embase, MEDLINE ALL, PsycINFO, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar in August 2021. Study characteristics and outcomes from the included studies were extracted, and a random-effects meta-analysis was conducted. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed to identify sources of heterogeneity.
Results
Of 1742 studies identified, 17 were included in the meta-analysis. These studies covered 5 different chronic diseases: multiple sclerosis (n=10), cancer (n=3), renal disease (n=2), stroke (n=1), and Parkinson disease (n=1). All but 1 study used exergaming interventions. The meta-analysis revealed a significant moderate effect size in reducing fatigue favoring the experimental interventions (standardized mean difference [SMD] –0.65, 95% CI –1.09 to –0.21, P=.003) compared with control conditions consisting of conventional care and no care. However, heterogeneity was high (I2=85.87%). Subgroup analyses were conducted for the 2 most prevalent diseases. The effect size for the multiple sclerosis subgroup showed a trend in favor of eHealth interventions (SMD –0.47, 95% CI –0.95 to 0.01, P=.05, I2=63.10%), but was not significant for the cancer group (SMD 0.61, 95% CI –0.36 to 1.58, P=.22). Balance exercises appeared particularly effective in reducing fatigue (SMD –1.19, 95% CI –1.95 to –0.42, P=.002).
Conclusions
Game-based eHealth interventions appear effective in reducing fatigue in individuals with chronic diseases. Further research is needed to reinforce these findings and explore their impact on specific diseases. Additionally, there is a lack of investigation into interventions beyond exergaming within the field of game-based learning.
... We tested 13 potential moderators of the effects of customary spanking on externalizing problems using the CMA meta-analytic software (Borenstein et al., 2011). (Externalizing was the only outcome variable examined in enough studies to permit moderator testing.) ...
... To address bias, the Duval and Tweedie trim-andfill method was applied and the fail-safe N was calculated to adjust for any potential missing studies. 23 All statistical analyses were conducted using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis, version 3, software (Biostat), 24 except for the dose-response analysis, which was performed using the "drmeta" command in Stata, version 17 (StataCorp). P < .05 was considered statistically significant. ...
Context
Numerous studies have demonstrated the positive effects on metabolic factors of consuming chia seeds. However, the results of clinical trials have been inconsistent.
Objective
The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of available randomized controlled trials to explore the effects of chia seed consumption on body weight (BW), body composition, blood pressure, and glycemic control.
Data Sources
A comprehensive search was conducted on the Scopus, PubMed, Medline via Ovid, ISI Web of Science, and Scholar Google databases up to August 2023.
Data Extraction
The outcomes of interest included systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), BW, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, waist circumference (WC), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c).
Data Analysis
Weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% CIs were used to determine the effect size.
Results
A total of 8 eligible studies were included in the analysis. The findings revealed a significant reduction in SBP (WMD: −7.19 mmHg; 95% CI, −10.63 to −3.73; P < .001) and DBP (WMD: −6.04 mmHg, 95% CI, −9.58 to −2.49; P = .001). However, no significant effects were observed on BW, body fat percentage, WC, BMI, FBG, and HbA1c. Subgroup analysis indicated that the effect of chia seed on SBP was significant in participants with a baseline SBP of less than 140 mmHg, but the effect was not dependent on the administered dose.
Conclusion
Chia seed consumption has positive effects on SBP and DBP but does not significantly impact BW, body composition, or glycemic parameters. However, the limited amount of data from included studies should be considered as a limitation while interpreting these findings.
Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023462575.
... A method of moments regression analysis was used to analyze continuous predictors. All analyses (including sensitivity and publication bias) were conducted using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software, version 2.2.057 (Borenstein et al., 2005). ...
It is no longer a question whether technology should be integrated into the classroom. The focus has shifted to how to use it to enable and promote effective learning. For better or for worse, technology is pervasive in our lives, and educational settings are no exception. However, it is not sufficient to employ educational technology simply because it is available. How technology is deployed, when and for what purposes it is used, what kind of learning it is applied to, and which categories of students it affects, are now of prime importance. This paper presents findings of a meta-analysis (M-A) that investigated differences between teacher-centered and student-centered (T-C vs. S-C) pedagogical practices in their effect on educational technology use as measured by student achievement outcomes. To describe S-C strategies, eleven instructional dimensions were identified from our previous work. Findings, based on 168 independent effect sizes (ESs) comparing T-C with S-C revealed a weighted average of g+=0.402 indicating that educational technology moderately increases learning achievement outcomes. Significant findings are reported, with four dimensions -Course design, Problem type, Conceptual level, and Peer collaboration - strengthening the impact of educational technology on students’ achievement, and in one dimension - Pacing/Flexibility - weakening it.
... Subgroup analysis was conducted based on the type of modified flaps. Data analysis was performed using Review Manager version 5.4 (The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen, Denmark) and Comprehensive Meta-Analysis v3 software [15,16]. Significant differences were established at P < 0.05. Figure 1 presents the PRISMA flowchart and the study selection process. ...
Background
Macular holes (MHs) constitute a vitreoretinal interface disorder that occurs when structural abnormalities in the fovea lead to impaired central vision. The standard treatment for MHs is mainly surgical. Using an inverted internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap has enhanced the success rates of MH surgeries. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the classical inverted ILM flap technique to modified ILM flap techniques for managing large MHs.
Methods
We searched Medline, Embase, and CENTRAL. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the classic inverted ILM flap technique to modified ILM flap techniques as initial surgical treatment of eyes with large MHs of more than 400 microns. We sought to evaluate the following outcomes: (1) MH closure. (2) Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). (3) Foveal closure type (4) Rate of ellipsoid zone (EZ) defects and external limiting membrane (ELM) defects. The standardized mean difference (SMD) was used to represent continuous outcomes, while the risk ratio (RR) was used to represent dichotomous outcomes.
Results
Four RCTs that enrolled 220 participants were deemed eligible. The analysis revealed no statistically significant differences in MH closure between both groups (95% CI: 0.20, 7.96; P = 0.81). No statistically significant differences in mean BCVA were found at 1 and 3 months between both groups (SMD: 0.04; 95% CI: −0.16, 0.23; P = 0.70 and SMD: −0.167; 95%CI: −1.240, 0.906; P = 0.760, respectively). In addition, there were no significant differences between the two groups in the pattern of foveal closure, namely U-shape, V-shape, and flap open at 3, 6, and 12 months (RR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.67, 1.12; P = 0.28, RR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.58, 1.61; P = 0.89, and RR: 1.95, 95% CI: 0.26, 14.50; P = 0.51, respectively). Finally, the analysis showed no statistically significant difference in both groups’ EZ and ELM defect rates at 3, 6, and 12 months (RR: 1; 95% CI: 0.85; 1.18: P = 1 and RR: 1.14; 95% CI: 0.90, 1.45; P = 0.27).
Conclusion
Macular holes (MHs) constitute a vitreoretinal interface disorder that occurs when structural abnormalities in the fovea lead to impaired central vision. The standard treatment for MHs is mainly surgical. Using an inverted internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap has enhanced the success rates of MH surgeries. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the classical inverted ILM flap technique to modified ILM flap techniques for managing large MHs.
... All statistical procedures were performed using Comprehensive Meta-analysis (Version 2; Borenstein et al., 2005). The effect size was computed using means, standard deviations, and sample size or F values and t values if the former could not be obtained. ...
Objective: The present meta-analysis aimed to investigate which are the most efficient psychological and physical interventions for professional caregivers. Method: The study was realized using information extracted from 28 randomized controlled trials, totaling 2,168 participants, with mean ages between 22.88 and 48.54, of which 64.7% were females. The records were identified in relevant international databases of scientific articles, such as Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Cochrane, and dissertation databases ProQuest Dissertations, DART-Europe E-theses Portal, and EThOS, for gray literature. The targeted population was represented by professional trauma caregivers, a group consisting of medical personnel, psychologists, and social workers. Results: Out of the 28 trials included, 16 studies were performed on medical personnel, four on mental health personnel, two on social workers, and six on mixed groups. The statistical analysis revealed a main effect size of g = 0.541, 95% CI [0.383, 0.700], p < .001, which indicates an overall medium effect of the interventions. Effect sizes were compared and analyzed based on continuous and categorical moderators, which did not prove significant except for the female percentage. Conclusions: The current findings support that all interventions are adequate and outperform control groups. Based on the literature review that was made before the onset of this meta-analysis, there seems to be no other study realized in such an exhaustive format. The implications predominantly target practitioners in how to approach professional trauma caregivers who seek treatment. Future research should further investigate this population as a whole and consider including culture as a moderator.
... The effective sample size funnel plot and associated regression test of asymmetry should be applied to distinguish publication bias and other sample size related effects, so Funnel plot, Begg's rank correlation, and Egger's weighted regression tests were used to identify potential publication bias [32], and also Duval & Tweedie's "trim and fill" and "failsafe N" methods were used to adjust the analysis in the effects of publication bias [33]. This meta-analysis was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) V3 software (Biostat, NJ) [34]. The probability value (p-value) < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. ...
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has gained attention as a potential therapeutic agent for improving endothelial function. Several randomized clinical trials have investigated CoQ10 supplementation's effect on endothelial function. However, these studies have yielded conflicting results, therefore this systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted.
This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to assess the effects of CoQ10 supplementation on endothelial factors.
A comprehensive search was done in numerous databases until July 19th, 2023. Quantitative data synthesis was performed using a random-effects model, with weight mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Standard methods were used for the assessment of heterogeneity, meta-regression, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias.
12 studies comprising 489 subjects were included in the meta-analysis. The results demonstrated significant increases in Flow Mediated Dilation (FMD) after CoQ10 supplementation (WMD: 1.45; 95% CI: 0.55 to 2.36; p < 0.02), but there is no increase in Vascular cell adhesion protein (VCAM), and Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) following Q10 supplementation (VCAM: SMD: − 0.34; 95% CI: − 0.74 to − 0.06; p < 0.10) (ICAM: SMD: − 0.18; 95% CI: − 0.82 to 0.46; p < 0.57). The sensitivity analysis showed that the effect size was robust in FMD and VCAM. In meta-regression, changes in FMD percent were associated with the dose of supplementation (slope: 0.01; 95% CI: 0.004 to 0.03; p = 0.006).
CoQ10 supplementation has a positive effect on FMD in a dose-dependent manner. Our findings show that CoQ10 has an effect on FMD after 8 weeks of consumption. Additional research is warranted to establish the relationship between CoQ10 supplementation and endothelial function.
... The initial step involved importing search results from electronic databases into a Microsoft Excel sheet [6], which was facilitated by EndNote Software [7]. Subsequently, two independent authors undertook the second step, which encompassed a thorough screening of article titles and abstracts imported into the Excel sheet. ...
... Publication bias was assumed in the presence of an asymmetrical funnel plot and based on Egger's regression test [P-value <0.10] [24] . Data analysis was performed using Review Manager version 5.4 and Comprehensive Meta-Analysis v3 software [25,26] . The significance was revealed at the value of P [Probability] < 0.05. ...
... For correlational analyses, Pearson's r correlations were converted into Fisher's z values (Borenstein et al., 2005) to obtain averaged z values for each study. Then, back-transformation was performed to present the correlational outcomes with their confidence intervals in the form of Pearson's r. ...
Understanding the magnitudes represented by numerals is a core component of early mathematical development and is often assessed by accuracy in situating numerals and fractions on a number line. Performance on these measures is consistently related to performance in other mathematics domains, but the strength of these relations may be overestimated because general cognitive ability has not been fully controlled in prior studies. The first of two meta‐analyses (162 studies, 33,101 participants) confirmed a relation between performance on whole number ( r = 0.33) and fractions number ( r = 0.41) lines and overall mathematics performance. These relations were generally consistent across content domains (e.g., algebra and computation) and other moderators. The second (71 studies, 14,543 participants) used meta‐analytic structural equation modeling to confirm these relations while controlling general cognitive ability (defined by IQ and working memory measures) and, in one analysis, general mathematics competence. The relation between number line performance and general mathematics competence remained significant but reduced ( β = 0.13). Controlling general cognitive ability, whole number line performance consistently predicted competence with fractions but not performance on numeracy or computations measures. The results suggest an understanding of the magnitudes represented by whole numbers might be particularly important for students’ fractions learning.
Research Highlights
Two meta‐analyses examined the link between the number line and mathematics performance.
The first revealed significant relations across domains (e.g., algebra and computation).
The second controlled for general cognitive ability and resulted in reduced but still significant relations.
The relation between number line and fractions performance was stronger than relations to other domains.
... Statistical analysis was conducted to determine the prevalence of abuse in older women in rural and/or remote areas. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 3.0 (Biostat, Englewood, NJ, USA) (Borenstein et al., 2005) software was used to calculate the meta-analytic prevalence. For a proportional meta-analysis of a single group, from each study the total sample size and the number of participants who suffered abuse were used. ...
This systematic review addressed the issue of the abuse and neglect of older women (age 60 and over) in rural and remote areas, examining these phenomena’s prevalence, risk and protective factors, consequences, and associated perceptions. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and the Arksey and O’Malley methodological framework, peer-reviewed articles published until September 2023 were identified in six electronic databases. Out of the manuscripts initially identified ( n = 219), 28 articles met the selection criteria. The study’s quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. The included studies provided a comprehensive overview of this phenomenon, encompassing data from 6,579 older rural women. Prevalence rates of abuse and neglect exhibited wide variability, with an average of 27.3%. Among the risk factors, financial dependence and incapacity stood out, while higher income and education levels were protective factors, among others. Emotional/psychological abuse emerged as the most common form, with significant impacts on older women’s physical and mental health. Cultural norms and gender expectations also influenced perceptions of abuse and victims’ coping mechanisms. In a context in which access to specialized resources and services is hampered by significant limitations, community awareness and education prove vital to address this issue, which positions social work as key to addressing these challenges. The prevalence of abuse against older rural women is significant. Emotional abuse stands out as a major issue, underscoring the need for comprehensive interventions accounting for cultural and gender factors.
... All analyses were conducted using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 2.0 (Borenstein et al., 2005). ...
... In the present study, all statistical analyses were performed using the comprehensive meta-analysis software version 3 (33). Prevalence rates were pooled across studies by a random-effects meta-analysis (34). ...
Background
An estimated 301 million people worldwide suffer from anxiety disorders. People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are particularly prone to anxiety disorders that could interfere with the important developmental process in an individual’s development and ultimately result in a wide range of negative mental, physical, and psychosocial consequences, as well as poor quality of life in those population groups. Early intervention for anxiety disorders can reverse some of the physical damage caused by anxiety. However, based on systematic reviews and meta-analyses, the specific prevalence of anxiety disorders in PLWHA remains unknown.
Method
We conducted a literature search on PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science up to 22 October 2022. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool prevalence rates from the included studies. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed to identify the possible sources of heterogeneity and to compare the prevalence estimates across groups. The Joanna Briggs Institute’s Quality Assessment Checklist was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Cochran’s Q and I² tests were used to assess the between-study heterogeneity.
Results
Ten studies with a total of 238,570 cases were included for the final analysis. Results showed that 15.5% of HIV/AIDS patients had anxiety disorders. The prevalence was higher in females (20.8%) than males (20.7%). The mean age of PLWHA with anxiety disorders was 46.58 ± 11.15 years in these included studies. The subgroup analyses showed significant higher prevalence in non-heterosexual (32.1%).
Conclusion
We attempted to quantify literature that could allow for stronger inferences to be made regarding the significantly higher prevalence of anxiety disorders in PLWHA, a finding that suggests the imperativeness of intervention strategies to alleviate suffering and reduce the probable negative ramifications.
Systematic review registration
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023442219, identifier CRD42023442219.
... Two authors utilized Cochrane's risk of bias tool for clinical trials to assess the risk of bias in the included papers [15]. The tool evaluates patient randomization, allocation concealment & sufficient blinding across seven domains [16]. ...
... Random effects meta-analyses were conducted using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (Version 3; Borenstein et al., 2005). To calculate weighted pooled SMDs (Hedges g) for PDT versus CBT, we used the means and standard deviations of outcomes at post-treatment and follow-up. ...
Background
Meta‐analyses on the relative efficacy of psychodynamic psychotherapy (PDT) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for depressive disorders are limited by heterogeneity in diagnostic samples and comparators and a lack of equivalence testing.
Objective
We addressed this through a meta‐analytic test of the equivalence of manualized PDT and CBT in treating adults with depressive disorders as determined by diagnostic interviews. Sensitivity analyses evaluated the impact of pretreatment differences, mixed diagnostic samples, author allegiance, study quality, year of publication and outliers on findings.
Method
A comprehensive literature search across multiple databases using reliable screening methods identified nine randomized controlled trials directly comparing manualized PDT and CBT for diagnosed depressive disorders in adults. Following pre‐registration, we employed random effect models for our meta‐analyses and two one‐sided test procedures for equivalence testing.
Results
Independent raters determined that all studies were of adequate quality. Immediately posttreatment, depressive symptoms were statistically equivalent across PDT and CBT ( k = 9; g = −0.11, 90% confidence interval [90% CI]: −0.24 to 0.02, p equivalence = .048, p NHST = .212, I ² = 32.7). At follow‐up, the longest time point within a year, depressive symptoms were neither statistically equivalent nor statistically different ( k = 6; g = −0.16, 90% CI: −0.31 to −0.02, p equivalence = .184, p NHST = .126, I ² = 0.00).
Conclusion
The efficacy of manualized PDT is equal to manualized CBT immediately at posttreatment for depressive disorders in the adult general population. Nevertheless, insufficient data exists to reach a conclusion regarding equivalence at follow‐up.
... The statistical homogeneity of the data was determined by utilizing the Higgins I2 statistic, with a value of more than fifty percent, and the Cochrane Q (Chi2 test), with a value of less than ten percent [22]. Data analysis was performed using Review Manager, version 5.4 [23,24], and significance was determined when the p-value was less than 0.05. ...
Chronic kidney disease is one of the main causes of mortality worldwide. It affects more than 800 million patients globally, accounting for approximately 10% of the general population. The significant burden of the disease prompts healthcare systems to implement adequate preventive and therapeutic measures. This systematic review and me-ta-analysis aimed to provide a concise summary of the findings published in the existing body of research about the influence that mobile health technology has on the outcomes of patients with the disease. A comprehensive systematic literature review was conducted from inception until March 1 st , 2023. This systematic review and meta-analysis included all clinical trials that compared the efficacy of mobile app-based educational programs to that of more conventional educational treatment for the patients. Eleven papers were included in the current analysis, representing 759 CKD patients. 381 patients were randomly assigned to use the mobile apps, while 378 individuals were assigned to the control group. The mean systolic blood pressure was considerably lower in the mobile app group (MD-4.86; 95%-9.60,-0.13; p=0.04). Meanwhile, the mean level of satisfaction among patients who used the mobile app was considerably greater (MD 0.75; 95% CI 0.03, 1.46; p=0.04). Additionally, the mean self-management scores in the mobile app groups were significantly higher (SMD 0.534; 95% CI 0.201, 0.867; p=0.002). Mobile health applications are potentially valuable interventions for patients. This technology improved the self-management of the disease, reducing the mean levels of systolic blood pressure with a high degree of patient satisfaction.
... Heterogeneity/homogeneity in effect sizes by country was calculated with the Q statistic. The following tests were also added: the Rosenthal test, fail-safe N, which reports the number of studies that must be added for the size of the average effect to be statistically insignificant, and Egger's regression tests to detect possible publication or selection biases (see Rubio-Aparicio et al., 2018), all with Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 3.0 software (CMA; Borenstein et al., 2005). Table 3 displays descriptive statistics (i.e., means and standard deviations) of each of the variables studied and the Pearson product-moment correlations between them. ...
8 March (8M), now known as International Women's Day, is a day for feminist claims where demonstrations are organized in over 150 countries, with the participation of millions of women all around the world. These demonstrations can be viewed as collective rituals and thus focus attention on the processes that facilitate different psychosocial effects. This work aims to explore the mechanisms (i.e., behavioral and attentional synchrony, perceived emotional synchrony, and positive and transcendent emotions) involved in participation in the demonstrations of 8 March 2020, collective and ritualized feminist actions, and their correlates associated with personal well-being (i.e., affective well-being and beliefs of personal growth) and collective well-being (i.e., social integration variables: situated identity, solidarity and fusion), collective efficacy and collective growth, and behavioral intention to support the fight for women's rights. To this end, a cross-cultural study was conducted with the participation of 2,854 people (age 18-79; M = 30.55; SD = 11.66) from countries in Latin America Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org 1 December 2020 | Volume 11 | Article 607538 Zumeta et al. Collective Effervescence During 8M Demonstrations (Mexico, Chile, Argentina, Brazil, Peru, Colombia, and Ecuador) and Europe (Spain and Portugal), with a retrospective correlational cross-sectional design and a convenience sample. Participants were divided between demonstration participants (n = 1,271; 94.0% female) and non-demonstrators or followers who monitored participants through the media and social networks (n = 1,583; 75.87% female). Compared with non-demonstrators and with males, female and non-binary gender respondents had greater scores in mechanisms and criterion variables. Further random-effects model meta-analyses revealed that the perceived emotional synchrony was consistently associated with more proximal mechanisms, as well as with criterion variables. Finally, sequential moderation analyses showed that proposed mechanisms successfully mediated the effects of participation on every criterion variable. These results indicate that participation in 8M marches and demonstrations can be analyzed through the literature on collective rituals. As such, collective participation implies positive outcomes both individually and collectively, which are further reinforced through key psychological mechanisms, in line with a Durkheimian approach to collective rituals.
... The program Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA), Version 3.3.070 (Borenstein et al., 2014), was employed to calculate weighted effect sizes, assess heterogeneity, perform moderator analysis, execute the meta-regression analysis, conduct sensitivity analysis, and evaluate publication bias. ...
Over the past two decades, there has been a growing research interest in examining the effects of video-based second language (L2) listening tests. However, these studies have shown inconsistency in their findings, prompting the need for a comprehensive analysis. This study aims to address this issue by conducting a meta-analysis to synthesize the quantitative research in this field. Our primary objective is to determine the pooled effect of video-based L2 listening assessment on test-takers’ listening comprehension and identify moderators that could potentially influence this effect. These potential moderators encompassed participants' characteristics, research methods, video input features, and outcome measures. Through an extensive search process, we identified a total of 28 primary studies (years 1984–2022) that contributed data from 43 independent samples. We found that video input had a small overall positive effect on test-takers’ performance (g = 0.297). Additionally, we observed patterns in the effect of video input across different levels of moderators such as test-takers’ language proficiency, research design, reporting of reliability, speaker presentation, video length, question accessibility, note-taking availability, and item format. We discuss the implications of these findings and conclude with the limitations and several perspectives for future research.
... Data analysis was performed using Review Manager version 5.4 (The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen, Denmark) and Comprehensive Meta-Analysis v3 software. 21,22 The signi cant difference was established at the value of P < 0.05. ...
Background
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive, systematic inflammatory disorder. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is frequently associated with COPD. A number of risk factors of CKD have been investigated among patients living with COPD. Conversely, the findings of the previous studies are contradictory and inconsistent. The present systematic review and meta-analysis revealed the risk of chronic renal insufficiency among patients living with COPD and patients-related and management-related risk factors.
Methods
Literature searching of twelve databases was performed on 14 July 2023. All clinical studies comparing the patients-related, COPD-related, and management-related variables among patients with COPD who developed chronic renal insufficiency and control groups were eligible. Studies reported the potential predictors of chronic renal insufficiency among patients with COPD were included.
Results
This meta-analysis included nine studies, encompassing 64289 patients with COPD. Of them, 10217 patients developed CKD, while 54072 had no-CKD. The risk of CKD after COPD was 22.5% (event rate 0.225, 95%CI; 17.2, 0.289; p < 0.001). Elderly patients (MD;5.50 years ,95%CI; 2.99, 8.02; p < 0.001), hypertensive patients (RR; 1.47, 95%CI; 1.16, 1.85; P = 0.001), diabetic patients (RR; 2.27, 95%CI; 1.52 to 3.38; P < 0.001), and patients with peripheral vascular disease (RR; 1.52, 95%CI; 1.45, 1.6; P < 0.001) were at higher risk of CKD.
Conclusions
The present meta-analysis pointed out the considerable risk of CKD among patients with COPD. Elderly patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, stroke, or peripheral vascular diseases were at higher risk of CKD.
... Both the metafor and meta packages are capable of performing these transformations. In contrast, other meta-analysis software such as Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) (Borenstein, Hedges, Higgins, & Rothstein, 2005) and MedCalc (Schoonjans, 2017) can only perform one of these transformations. Additionally, while CMA and MedCalc automatically transform data, R allows meta-analysts to make a decision on whether to apply data transformation. ...
Meta-analysis of proportions has been widely adopted across various scientific disciplines as a means to estimate the prevalence of phenomena of interest. However, there is a lack of comprehensive tutorials demonstrating the proper execution of such analyses using the R programming language. The objective of this study is to bridge this gap and provide an extensive guide to conducting a meta-analysis of proportions using R. Furthermore, we offer a thorough critical review of the methods and tests involved in conducting a meta-analysis of proportions , highlighting several common practices that may yield biased estimations and misleading inferences. We illustrate the meta-analytic process in five stages: (1) preparation of the R environment; (2) computation of effect sizes; (3) quantification of heterogeneity; (4) visualization of heterogeneity with the forest plot and the Baujat plot; and (5) explanation of heterogeneity with moderator analyses. In the last section of the tutorial, we address the misconception of assessing publication bias in the context of meta-analysis of proportions. The provided code offers readers three options to transform proportional data (e.g., the double arcsine method). The tutorial presentation is conceptually oriented and formula usage is minimal. We will use a published meta-analysis of proportions as an example to illustrate the implementation of the R code and the interpretation of the results.
Burn injuries are a worldwide health issue, significantly burdening healthcare facilities. Specialized burn centres are only sometimes available near the site of burn injury. First aid greatly impacted the outcomes of burns by evaluating the severity of the burn and associated injuries. Pre-hospital Emergency Medical Services (EMS) have more remarkable contributions to healthcare systems. We aimed to reveal the interventions provided by the EMS staff on the scene of burn injuries and the impact of these interventions on the outcomes of burn injuries. Furthermore, the study aimed to identify areas for improvement in pre-hospital burn care. A systematic literature review was carried out from inception to 1st July 2023 using twelve databases. All original articles that included patients with burn injuries who received the necessary pre-hospital care by EMS staff were included. Nine articles comprehending 6149 patients with burn injuries were retrieved. The analysis revealed that EMS interventions significantly improved the outcomes of burn management. This included better control for pain and vital parameters, and lower mortality risk. The EMS provided analgesic administration, cooling of the burn wound, and the necessary urgent therapies. However, the study identified a need for better EMS training in assessing burn severity and managing burn injuries effectively. Enhancing EMS providers' knowledge and skills in pre-hospital burn management could substantially improve patient outcomes and reduce the burden on healthcare systems. Improving the understanding of EMS providers towards burn care can minimize the risk of burn-related poor outcomes and reduce the burden on healthcare facilities.
A key issue when conducting meta-analysis is deciding which software package to use. This chapter outlines reasons to use the open source software package jamovi. Being based on R allows jamovi to run extensions such as MAJOR, the metafor extension developed for conducting meta-analysis in R. As well as outlining how to install MAJOR, this chapters also shows how to set up data files ready to input data extracted from included studies. This serves as preparation for subsequent chapters where I will discuss how to run meta-analyses of correlations and effect size differences. The chapter ends with a brief overview of alternative software packages you can use to run meta-analysis, including Comprehensive Meta-Analysis and the metafor package in R.
Background and Objectives: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating condition worldwide. The limited effectiveness of current psychological and pharmacological treatments has motivated studies on meditation techniques. This study is a comprehensive, multiple-treatments meta-analysis comparing the effectiveness of different categories of meditation in treating PTSD. Methods and Materials: We followed Prisma guidelines in our published protocol to search major databases and to conduct a meta-analysis of the studies. Results: We located 61 studies with 3440 subjects and divided them logically into four treatment groups: Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR, 13 studies); Mindfulness-Based Other techniques (MBO, 16 studies), Transcendental Meditation (TM, 18 studies), and Other Meditations that were neither mindfulness nor TM (OM, 14 studies). Trauma populations included war veterans, war refugees, earthquake and tsunami victims, female survivors of interpersonal violence, clinical nurses, male and female prison inmates, and traumatized students. Of those offered, 86% were willing to try meditation. The baseline characteristics of subjects were similar across meditation categories: mean age = 52.2 years, range 29–75; sample size = 55.4, range 5–249; % males = 65.1%, range 0–100; and maximum study duration = 13.2 weeks, range 1–48. There were no significant differences between treatment categories on strength of research design nor evidence of publication bias. The pooled mean effect sizes in Hedges’s g for the four categories were MBSR = −0.52, MBO = −0.66, OM = −0.63, and TM = −1.13. There were no appreciable differences in the study characteristics of research conducted on different meditations in terms of the types of study populations included, outcome measures, control conditions, gender, or length of time between the intervention and assessment of PTSD. TM’s effect was significantly larger than for each of the other categories, which did not differ from each other. No study reported serious side effects. Conclusions: All categories of meditation studied were helpful in mitigating symptoms of PTSD. TM produced clinically significant reductions in PTSD in all trauma groups. We recommend a multisite Phase 3 clinical trial to test TM’s efficacy compared with standard treatment.
Objective:
This evidence-based update (EBU) builds on three previous reviews (1998, 2008, 2017) sponsored by the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology with the aim of evaluating the empirical support for psychosocial interventions for depression in youth.
Method:
In the current review period (2014-2022), 25 randomized controlled trials (RCT) were identified: four in children and 21 in adolescents. Descriptive effect sizes and number-needed-to-treat (NNT) ratios were calculated for primary outcomes. Results were integrated with prior reviews, and cumulative evidence used to classify treatments as well-established, probably efficacious, possibly efficacious, or experimental. Published secondary analyses of predictors, moderators, and mediators were examined.
Results:
For adolescents, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT-A), CBT in combination with antidepressant medication, and collaborative care programs were all classified as well-established. The evidence was considerably weaker for children, with no treatments achieving well-established or probably efficacious status. New developments include greater exploration of parent- and family-mediated treatment models and increasing evidence on technology-assisted interventions. Data on predictors, moderators, and mediators continued to be focused on adolescent depression samples and drawn from a limited number of RCT datasets.
Conclusion:
Since the prior EBU, there has been incremental progress in youth depression treatment research. There is an urgent need to: (a) develop innovative approaches to substantially improve on the modest effects seen in most RCTs, (b) expand the evidence base for children and other underserved groups, (c) craft evidence-based guidelines for choosing between interventions when multiple efficacious treatments do exist, and (d) address issues of treatment effectiveness and scalability to ameliorate the wide prevalence and high impact of depression in youth.
Müzik öğretim özyeterlik düzeyinin cinsiyetler açısından farklılık gösterip göstermediğini tespit etme amacını taşıyan bu araştırmada meta analiz çalışması yapılmıştır. Yapılan literatür taraması ile konu ile ilgili 28 çalışmaya ulaşılmış bu çalışmalardan 9’u belirli ölçütlere uymadığı gerekçesiyle araştırma kapsamına alınmamıştır. Dahil edilme ölçütleri çerçevesinde 2011-2023 yılları arasında yayımlanmış 11 makale, 6 yüksek lisans tezi ve 2 bildiri olmak üzere 19 çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu 2987 kadın, 1644 erkek olmak üzere toplam 4631 kişiden oluşmaktadır. Çalışma grubu müzik öğretmenleri ve adaylarının yanı sıra sınıf, okulöncesi ve özel eğitimi öğretmenleri ile öğretmen adaylarını kapsamaktadır. Araştırmada etki büyüklüğü katsayısı olarak Cohen d kullanılmıştır. Dâhil edilen çalışmalarda heterojen bir dağılım belirlenmiştir (I2=53,921; p=0,003). Araştırma sonucunda, rastgele etkiler modeline göre müzik öğretimi özyeterlik düzeyi kadınlarda erkeklere göre daha yüksek çıksa da elde edilen değer istatistiksel olarak anlamsız düzeydedir (Cohen d=0,036). Yapılan moderatör analizi ile müzik öğretimi özyeterlik düzeyinin cinsiyet açısından örneklem grubuna (müzik branşı / diğer branşlar) göre incelenmiştir. Analiz sonucu müzik branşı ve diğer branşlarda cinsiyete göre etki büyüklüğü değerinin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık göstermediği görülmüştür (Qb= 2,156, p=0,142).
Sanal gerçeklik uygulamalarının psikoloji alanında kullanılmaya başlanması 15 yıllık bir süreci kapsamasına karşın son zamanlarda özellikle bilişsel davranışçı terapi yaklaşımını benimseyen uzmanlar tarafından başta maruz bırakma tekniği olmak üzere birden çok tedavi yönteminde tercih edilen bir uygulama haline gelmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı genel olarak çeşitli bozuklukların tedavisinde sanal gerçeklik uygulamalarının ele alındığı araştırmaların meta-analizini yapmak ve sanal gerçeklik uygulamalarının etkililiğinin kapsamlı bir şekilde incelenmesidir. Mevcut meta-analiz, PRISMA beyanına uygun olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan taramalar sonucu 1029 çalışmaya ulaşılmıştır ve ekleme-çıkarma ölçütlerine uygun bulunan 17 çalışma meta analize dahil edilmiştir. Yapılan heterojenite testi sonuçlarına göre çalışmaların dağılımının homojen olduğu belirlenmiştir (Q=23.09, p>.01). Heterojenite testi için I2 istatistiği incelendiğinde dahil edilen çalışmaların düşük düzeyde heterojen olduğu görülmektedir (I2=30.71). Rastgele etkiler modeli dahilinde çeşitli bozuklukların tedavisinde sanal gerçeklik uygulamalarının etkililiğine ilişkin genel etki büyüklüğü istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur (η2 = 0.73). Elde edilen genel etki büyüklüğü Hedges’ g değeri orta etki büyüklüğü değer aralığına karşılık gelmektedir. Ulaşılan sonuca göre sosyal anksiyete bozukluğu, düşme fobisi, yükseklik fobisi, uçak fobisi, sosyal fobi, travma sonrası stres bozukluğu, örümcek fobisi, topluluk önünde konuşma kaygısı, stres kaynaklı bozukluklar, panik bozukluk ve agorafobi, empati geliştirme ve diğer özgül fobilerin tedavisinde sanal gerçeklik uygulamalarının etkili bir tedavi yaklaşımı olduğu söylenebilir.
Studies have shown that there are protective and risk factors related to cyber dating violence. However, the effect size of these factors is unclear. This study aims to clarify the effect size of the associations of protective and risk factors, as well as symptoms of mental health conditions, with cyber dating violence perpetration and victimization. Databases, including PubMed, Web of Science (WoS), ProQuest, Scopus, and EBSCOhost were searched to identify relevant studies. Forty-nine studies were included in the current study. Results revealed statistically significant and medium relationships between cyber dating violence perpetration and some risk factors, including offline dating violence perpetration-related factors (i.e., physical, psychological, sexual, relational, verbal/emotional, and threat) and offline dating violence victimization-related factors (i.e., physical and psychological); and small relationships with other risk factors (i.e., sexual offline dating violence victimization, attachment styles, and jealousy), protective factors (i.e., family support and emotional regulation), and mental health symptoms (i.e., depression, anxiety, and alcohol use). There was also statistically significant and robust relationship between cyber dating violence victimization and verbal/emotional offline dating violence victimization (i.e., risk factor); medium relationships with some risk factors, including offline dating violence perpetration-related factors (i.e., psychological and verbal/emotional) and offline dating violence victimization-related factors (i.e., physical, psychological, sexual, relational, and threat); small relationships with other risk factors (i.e., physical offline dating violence perpetration, attachment styles, childhood sexual abuse), protective factors (i.e., family support, emotional regulation, and self-esteem), and mental health symptoms (i.e., depression, anxiety, stress, alcohol use, and drug use). The study’s results highlight risk and protective factors associated with cyber dating violence and demonstrate its association with mental health symptoms.
Computation is foundational to learning many mathematics concepts, as well as a functional skill in everyday life. Yet students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often have challenges in learning computation skills. The current study aimed to provide quantitative and descriptive analyses of single‐case experimental studies on computation interventions for students with ASD. Our systematic search and screening procedures yielded a total of 16 eligible studies for the final analyses. An analysis of publication bias indicated an absence of publication bias in the included studies. Tau‐U was used to calculate the overall intervention effect, resulting in an omnibus effect of 0.90 (95% CI [0.81, 1.00]), indicating a medium effect. Moderator analyses showed that variables such as study design, participant characteristics, intervention characteristics, and target skills did not moderate intervention effects. However, some evidence‐based practices were identified to significantly moderate maintenance effects. Implications for researchers and practitioners are discussed.
Context
Hesperidin is a naturally occurring bioactive compound that may influence cardiometabolic markers, but the existing evidence is inconclusive.
Objective
This study aims to further investigate the effects of hesperidin supplementation on cardiometabolic markers in adults.
Data Sources
A comprehensive search was conducted up to August 2023, utilizing relevant key words in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, focusing on randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
Data Extraction
RCTs that examined the impact of hesperidin on fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were selected independently by 2 authors. The GRADE assessment was used to ascertain the certainty of the evidence. Results were pooled using a random-effects model as weighted mean differences and 95% CIs.
Data Analysis
The results of this study demonstrate that hesperidin supplementation had a significant impact on reducing FBS, TG, TC, LDL-C, SBP, and TNF-α. However, there was no significant effect observed on insulin, HOMA-IR, QUICKI, HDL-C, DBP, and hs-CRP. The study's subgroup analyses also revealed that interventions lasting more than 12 weeks were effective in reducing FBS, TG, TC, and LDL-C. Moreover, hesperidin dosage exceeding 500 mg/day showed significance in reducing FBS, TC, and LDL-C levels.
Conclusion
In conclusion, this research suggests that hesperidin can be consumed as an effective dietary approach to enhance cardiometabolic markers.
Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022325775.
Background
Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody-associated neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an antibody-mediated inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. We have undertaken a systematic review and meta-analysis to ascertain the sex ratio and mean age of onset for AQP4 antibody associated NMOSD. We have also explored factors that impact on these demographic data.
Methods
A systematic search of databases was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Articles reporting sex distribution and age of onset for AQP4 antibody-associated NMSOD were reviewed. An initially inclusive approach involving exploration with regression meta-analysis was followed by an analysis of just AQP4 antibody positive cases.
Results
A total of 528 articles were screened to yield 89 articles covering 19,415 individuals from 88 population samples. The female:male sex ratio was significantly influenced by the proportion of AQP4 antibody positive cases in the samples studied ( p < 0.001). For AQP4 antibody-positive cases the overall estimate of the sex ratio was 8.89 (95% CI 7.78–10.15). For paediatric populations the estimate was 5.68 (95% CI 4.01–8.03) and for late-onset cases, it was 5.48 (95% CI 4.10–7.33). The mean age of onset was significantly associated with the mean life expectancy of the population sampled ( p < 0.001). The mean age of onset for AQP4 antibody-positive cases in long-lived populations was 41.7 years versus 33.3 years in the remainder.
Conclusions
The female:male sex ratio and the mean age of onset of AQP4 antibody-associated NMOSD are significantly higher than MS. The sex ratio increases with the proportion of cases that are positive for AQP4 antibodies and the mean age of onset increases with population life expectancy.
Background
Pain is a complex and multifaced sensory and emotional experience. Virtual reality (VR) has shown promise in reducing experimental pain and chronic pain. This study examines an immersive VR environment initially designed for endometriosis patients, which demonstrated short-term analgesic effects. The research aims to determine the impact of the VR environment on experimental pain intensity and unpleasantness both during and after VR exposure (3D with binaural beats), while using an active control condition (2D with no binaural beats). Additionally, a secondary objective of the study was to identify the psychological and psychophysical factors that predict the analgesic effects of the immersive digital therapeutic tool.
Methods
The study involved twenty-one healthy individuals and used a within-subject design, comparing a VR treatment with an active control condition. Continuous heat stimulation was applied to the left forearm with a Peltier thermode. Pain ratings were collected for immediate and short-term effects.
Results
In both the VR and Control conditions, there were no significant differences in pain intensity before, during, and after exposure. However, during VR exposure, there was a significant decrease in pain unpleasantness as compared to before exposure ( p < 0.001), with a 27.2% pain reduction. In the Control condition, there were no significant differences in pain unpleasantness during and after exposure. Furthermore, no psychological and psychophysical factors predicted the analgesic effects.
Discussion
The study investigated how a VR environment affected experimentally induced pain in healthy volunteers. It showed that VR reduced pain unpleasantness during exposure but had no lasting impact. The VR environment mainly influenced the emotional aspect of pain, possibly due to its inclusion of binaural beats and natural stimuli. The study suggests that the VR environment should be tested in chronic pain population with high distress levels.
Registration number ( clinicaltrials.gov )
NCT06130267.
The memory conformity effect occurs when people witness a given incident (e.g. a crime) then talk to each other about it, and the statement of one person affects the memory account of the other person with respect to this incident. The aim of this article is to improve the quality of witness testimony by verifying the effectiveness of three methods that aim to reduce memory conformity effect: (1) an extended warning against misinformation; (2) a method based on information about memory functioning and its fallibility and (3) a method consisting in motivating participants to resist influence and demonstrating their individual vulnerability to it. In the presented experiment, the innovative MORI technique was used to study the memory conformity effect. This technique allows a pair of participants to sit beside each other, look at the same screen and see a different version of the same criminal event. In the next stages, the subjects are asked to answer a series of questions about different details, thereby introducing mutual misinformation; then, the participants perform an individual memory test. In the experimental conditions, this test was preceded by one of the three tested methods in each group, with the aim of determining their effectiveness in reducing memory conformity. It turns out that the implementation of an extended warning against misinformation eliminated the memory conformity effect, while the application of two other methods led to a reduction (but not complete elimination) of the studied phenomenon.
Bu araştırmanın amacı, örgütsel sinizm ölçeğinin bütününde ve alt boyutlarında genel güvenirlik tahminini yapmak ve çalışmalar arasında bulunan güvenirlik katsayısı değişkenliğinin nedenlerini incelemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda 72 çalışmadan elde edilen Cronbach alfa katsayısıyla ortalama bir güvenirlik değeri hesaplanmıştır. Analizler rastgele etkiler modeli kullanılarak ve Cronbach alfa katsayısındaki tutarsızlıklardan dolayı alfa değerlerine Bonett dönüşüm yöntemi uygulanarak yapılmıştır. Örgütsel sinizm ölçeği güvenirlik genellemesi çalışması kapsamında elde edilen ağırlıklandırılmış ortalama güvenirlik değerleri; genel ölçekte 0,918, bilişsel sinizm alt boyutunda 0,90, duyuşsal sinizm alt boyutunda 0,943 ve davranışsal sinizm alt boyutunda 0,84 olarak bulunmuştur. Analog anova ve meta regresyon analizleri yapılmış, yayın türü değişkeninin Cronbach alfadaki değişime neden olduğu saptanmıştır. Son olarak çalışmadaki sınırlılıklardan bahsedilmiş gelecekteki araştırmacılar için önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
In this meta-analysis, we investigated the association between teacher-to-teacher relationships and student achievement. We specifically explicated (a) the association between a teacher’s individual relationship with other teachers and student achievement; (b) the association between teacher-to-teacher relationships at the organisational level (i.e. school or grade team) and student achievement; and (c) how three frequently used theoretical frameworks in studying teacher-to-teacher relationships – teacher network, teacher collaboration, and professional learning community (PLC), at either individual or organisational level – were associated with student achievement. Key findings included (a) teachers’ individual relationships were not associated with student achievement; (b) the relationships in schools or grade teams were significantly positively associated with student mathematics and reading achievement; and (c) at the organisational level, all three theoretical frameworks had small, positive associations with maths achievement (r = 0.191 for teacher collaboration, r = 0.202 for teacher network, r = 0.189 for PLC), but the positive associations with reading achievement decreased from teacher network (r = 0.290) to teacher collaboration (r = 0.163) and to PLC (r = 0.078). The implications of the findings are discussed.
Background: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to address the limited generalizability of studies on defense mechanisms in depression by comparing depressive individuals with non-clinical controls (aim a) and examining changes throughout psychological interventions (aim b) (PROSPERO CRD42023442620). Methods: We followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines, searching PubMed/Web of Science/(EBSCO)PsycINFO until 13/ 04/2023 for studies evaluating defense mechanisms with measures based on the hierarchical model in depres-sive patients versus non-clinical controls or throughout psychological intervention. We conducted random-effect meta-analyses for mature defenses/non-mature (neurotic/immature) defenses/overall defensive functioning (ODF), with standardized mean difference (SMD) as outcome measure metric. Meta-regression/sub-group/sensitivity analyses were conducted. Study quality was appraised using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), and certainty of evidence for aim b outcomes was evaluated using GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations). Results: 18 studies were included (mean NOS score = 5.56). Depressive patients used significantly more non-mature defenses than non-clinical controls (SMD = 0.74; k = 13). Non-clinical controls did not significantly differ in use of mature defenses compared to depressive patients (SMD = 0.33; k = 14). Significant moderators were publication year/NOS score/geographical distribution/mean age for non-mature defenses and NOS score/ geographical distribution for mature defenses. Throughout psychological interventions, only ODF significantly increased (SMD = 0.55; k = 2) (GRADE = very low). Limitations: Quality of many studies was medium/sub-optimal, and longitudinal studies were scarce. Conclusion: Individuals with depressive disorders show a high use of non-mature defenses that could be assessed and targeted in psychological interventions, especially in younger patients.
Retirement is a pivotal life transition that often changes routines, identity, and objectives. With increasing life expectancies and evolving societal norms, examining the interplay between retirement anxiety and life satisfaction is vital. This study delves into this relationship, recognising the complexities of retirement. A systematic review and meta-analysis followed PRISMA guidelines. Research from 2003 to 2023 was sourced from databases like CINAHL, PubMed/Medline, PsycINFO, ERIC, and Google Scholar, focusing on diverse methodologies and outcomes related to retirement registered in Prospero database (CRD42023427949). The quality assessment used an eight-criterion risk of bias scale, and analyses included qualitative and quantitative approaches, such as random-effects meta-analysis and moderator analyses. After reviewing 19 studies with varied geographical and demographic scopes, a mixed relationship between retirement and life satisfaction emerged: 32% of studies reported a positive relationship, 47% were negative, and 21% found no significant correlation. Meta-analysis indicated high heterogeneity and non-significant mean effect size, suggesting no consistent impact of retirement on life satisfaction. Moderator analyses highlighted the influence of measurement tools on outcomes. The findings reveal a complex interplay between retirement anxiety and life satisfaction, stressing the need for holistic retirement policies that encompass mental health, social integration, and adaptability, focusing on cultural sensitivity. Challenges include potential biases in data sources, methodological diversity, the scarcity of longitudinal studies, and difficulties in addressing recent societal shifts, like the COVID-19 pandemic. Variability in measurement tools and possible publication bias may have also influenced results. This study contributes to understanding retirement, emphasising the relationship between retirement anxiety and life satisfaction. It advocates for ongoing, detailed, culturally informed research to grasp retirement’s multifaceted aspects fully.
The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of a project-based learning approach on students’ academic performance through a mixed meta-method. For this reason, a dual methodological approach meta-analytical of quantitative data and meta-thematic of qualitative data were used in determining the effect size in quantitative dimension, while, in the qualitative dimension the positive and negative aspects together with the recommendation was determined. To this end, meta-analysis was conducted using data from 26 studies and meta-thematic from 8 studies. In order to determine the effect size, CMA and MetaWin were used and the effect size was calculated at a large level with the value of g =.83 [-.02; 1.68], and a significant difference of p˂.05. In the meta-thematic analysis, the effect of project-based learning was found to have a positive effect as well as a little negative impact on students’ academic performance. Recommendations were also provided through the participants’ views. In both the meta-analysis and meta-thematic analysis, the findings showed that the project-based learning approach owns a great effect on the students’ academic performance.
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