No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the authors.
Effect of nutrient management on rice (Oryza sativa) in rainfed lowland of southeast Madhya Pradesh
Abstract
In a 3-year field trial, efficiency of different fertilizers in rainfed lowlands was evaluated at the Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Jagdalpur (M.P.). Application of N fertilizer and manures significantly increased the yield and N, P, K uptake by rice (Oryza sativa L.) over control and PK only. The higher grain and straw yields of rice were obtained in the treatment receiving 1/2 FYM + NP (2.58 and 4.90 t/ha), followed by NPK + FYM (2.49 and 5.71 t/ha), CR-N (35) PK (2.14 and 4.31 t/ha) and CR-NPK+Zn (2.13 and 4.68 t/ha). Agronomic efficiency was also higher in 1/2 FYM + NP treatment, followed by CR-N (3S) and CR-NPK + Zn. Nutrient X water interaction helped buffer the adverse effect of moisture deficit for sustaining rice yield during 1997. The application of manure alone or in combination with chemical fertilizers sustained/improved the soil-fertility status of the soil.
... This result showed that total N uptake was high in recommended doses of chemical fertilizer T 1 (N 120 P 15 K 45 S 20 kg ha -1 ) followed by combined application of GM with chemical fertilizers (treatment T 5 ) .This might be due to (i) increased supply of all essential nutrients directly through organic and inorganic source to crop, (ii) indirectly through checking the losses of nutrient from soil solution and (iii) by increasing in the nutrient use efficiency. Sengar et al. (2000) reported that the N uptake by rice grain and straw increased significantly with the combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers. Duhan et al. (2002); Rahman (2001); Hoque (1999) and Azim (1999) also reported similar results. ...
... This results shows that total P uptake by grain and straw were significantly due to combined application of GM with chemical fertilizers. Sengar et al. (2000) reported that the P uptake by rice grain and straw increased significantly with the combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers. ...
... This results shows that total K uptake were influenced more due to combined application of GM with chemical fertilizers. Sengar et al. (2000) reported that the K uptake by rice grain and straw increased significantly with the combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers. ...
p>A field experiment was carried out at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU) Farm during July to November 2011 to evaluate the effect of integrated nutrient management (INM) on T. Aman rice (cv. BRRI dhan40). The field belongs to Red Brown Terrace soil under Tejgoan series having silt loam texture and 6.0 pH. Application of 70 % NPKS fertilizers + 4 t ha-1 dhaincha ( Sesbania rostrata ) (T1) produced the highest grain yield (5.90 t ha-1), the second highest yield (5.85 t ha-1) was obtained from 80% NPKS + 2 t ha-1 dhaincha (T2) treatment. The grain yield increased by 31.2 to 86.3% over control depending on the treatments. Treatments T1 and T2 resulted in higher N, P, K and S uptake by rice. The N, P, K and S concentrations of rice grain was higher for the treatments where Sesbania and cow dung were together applied in combination with NPKS fertilizers. The combined application of chemical fertilizers and organic manure increased organic carbon (OC), total N, available P, K and S contents in post-harvest soil. The overall results indicate that the integrated use of chemical fertilizer and organic manure can help increase grain yield of rice without deteriorating soil fertility.
SAARC J. Agri., 15(1): 43-53 (2017) </p
... respectively over sole chemical fertilization at the recommended level. Sengar et al. (2000) observed that the application of N fertilizer and manures significantly increased the yield. The higher grain and straw yield of rice were obtained in the treatment receiving ½ FYM + NP (2.58 and 4.90 t ha -1 ), followed by NPK + FYM (2.49 and 5.71 tha -1 ) CR-N (35) PK (2.14 and 4.31 t ha -1 ) and CR-NPK + Zn (2.13 and 4.68 t ha -1 ). ...
... Dixit and Gupta (2000) observed that the content and uptake of N, P and K in grain showed increasing trends as a result of NPK fertilizers, FYM and BGA inoculation either alone or in combination. Sengar et al. (2000) reported that application of N fertilizer and manures significantly increased the N, P and K uptake by rice over control. reported that the application of green manure as ...
... Potassium values were remarkably augmented in all organic fertilized plots but more conspicuous in straw-applied treatments. Sengar et al. (2000) reported that the application of manure alone or in combination with chemical fertilizers sustained/improved the soil-fertility staus of the soil. Sharma and Ghosh (2000) found that the green manuring significantly improved organic carbon, total and available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium content and water holding capacity of the soil over control. ...
Hybrid rice technology is a new introduction to India especially in eastern Uttar Pradesh. Hybrid rice produces 15-20 per cent more grain yield than high yielding rice varieties. Its productivity varies largely with the climate, soil type and nutrient management etc. The present investigation entitled “Studies on the effect on integrated nutrient management on growth, yield and quality of hybrid rice" was carried out during Kharif season of 2005 and 2006 at Student Instructional Farm of Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology Kumarganj, Faizabad. The treatment consisting of four fertility combination viz. GM, 50% RDF + GM, 75% RDF + GM and 100%, RDF, five zinc levels 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 kg ZnSO4 ha-1. The experiment was carried out in split plot design with three replication. The hybrid rice variety NDRH-2 was taken under investigation.
This experiment was conducted to explore the possibility of substituting fertilizer through green manuring and application of zinc sulphate in integrated manner and work out the need of zinc for hybrid rice and their impact on chemical properties of soil and economics of various treatment combinations.
It was observed that growth, yield and quality attributing character improved significantly with application of 75% RDF + GM along with 40 kg ZnSO4. Similarly, uptake of nutrient was also affected positively by integrated nutrient management.
It was also observed that application of nutrient in integrated manner reduce the pH and EC of soil after harvest, whereas, there was significant increase in organic carbon, N and P with combination of inorganic and organic sources of nutrient. Application of Zinc sulphate alone did not have effect on organic carbon, N and P content in soil except zinc. Combination of 75% RDF + GM with 40 kg Zinc sulphate gave maximum net return but benefit cost ratio was highest with treatment combination 75% RDF + GM with 30 kg Zinc sulphate.
... Furthermore, sufficient nutrient availability might have played a significant role in the rice-physiology for increased dry matter production and resulted in higher SY under the STCR-TY approach. Better vegetative growth, along with high yield attributes, resulted in a higher GY of rice [58]. In a similar experiment with two TYs (4.5 Mg ha −1 and 5.0 Mg ha −1 for maize), Venkatesh et al. [59] reported that a STCR-target yield based fertilizer recommendation with or without FYM led to 13.14%-35.38% ...
... Furthermore, sufficient nutrient availability might have played a significant role in the rice-physiology for increased dry matter production and resulted in higher SY under the STCR-TY approach. Better vegetative growth, along with high yield attributes, resulted in a higher GY of rice [58]. In a similar experiment with two TYs (4.5 Mg ha −1 and 5.0 Mg ha −1 for maize), Venkatesh et al. [59] reported that a STCRtarget yield based fertilizer recommendation with or without FYM led to 13.14-35.38% ...
A field investigation on direct seeded rice (DSR) was carried out in the two consecutive rice growing seasons of 2017 and 2018 at Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India for the development and validation of soil test crop response (STCR) to fertilizer and for assessing the performance of STCR-treatments as compared to the general recommended dose (GRD) in terms of yield, nutrient uptake and use efficiency, and the economics of DSR. For producing 1 Mg of rice-grain, the required nutrients (N, P, and K) were 2.01 kg, 0.44 kg, and 3.06 kg; the contribution from the soil was 22.05%, 37.34%, and 41.48%; from applied farmyard manure 23.25%, 28.34%, and 16.80%, from fertilizer 38.08%, 49.93%, and 252.98%; and from fertilizer with FYM 44.83%, 60.57%, and 278.70%; for N, P, and K, respectively. The STCR approach, with or without FYM, at both the target yields (4.5 Mg ha−1 and 5.0 Mg ha−1) markedly enhanced the grain yield (20.2% to 32.3%) and production efficiency over the GRD. It also exhibited a higher NPK uptake and use efficiency, along with better profitability, than the GRD. Therefore, the STCR-targeted yield approach could improve the yield, economics, and efficiency of nutrient use for direct seeded rice.
... Rao and Sitaramayya [17] reported that nitrogen uptake by rice was increased with integrated nutrient management of rice through conjunctive use of fertilizer urea with FYM, bio-gas slurry and poultry manure. Sengar et al. [18] also reported that N, P, K uptake by rice was significantly increased by the application of N fertilizer and manure. ...
... In all case the minimum uptake was recorded in the control. Similar result was also obtained by Sengar et al. [18]. They reported that N, P, K uptake by rice was significantly increased by the application of manure. ...
A pot experiment was carried out at the researcher's net house of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh from November 2003 to February 2004 to find out the effects of different animal manure on yield, quality and nutrient uptake by mustard cv. Agrani. The experiment comprised of two levels of cage system poultry manure, deep litter system poultry manure, cow dung and bio-gas slurry viz. 10 and 20 ton ha-1 , one control and one chemical fertilizer @ recommended dose. Cage system poultry manure @ 20 ton ha-1 significantly increased the seed and straw yield of mustard and cow dung showed lower performance. In straw and seed the highest uptake of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S was obtained from cage system poultry manure @ 20 ton ha-1. Protein and oil content was also found higher in this treatment. Seed yield was found to be significantly and positively correlated with branch and effective pod per plant. Protein and oil contents of mustard seeds were increased with increasing level of animal manures though their effects were not significant. A positive and significant correlation was observed between protein and oil contents of mustard cv. Agrani. The overall results suggest that cage system poultry manure @ 20 ton ha-1 gave best performance among the parameters studied.
... Application of organic N as cowdung either alone or in association with decremental rates of the advocated inorganic N as urea caused pronounced effect in increasing the straw P content. Increase in P contents both in rice grain and straw increased due to application of cowdung, poultry manures and chemical fertilizers were reported by other researches [17,18]. ...
... The application of incremental doses of inorganic N performed better in increasing P uptake compared to organic source alone. Similar result was also experienced by other studies [15,17,18]. ...
... Further, sufficient nutrient management which contributed to increased dry matter production as well. The better vegetative growth coupled with high yield attributes resulted in higher grain and straw yield of rice (Sengar et al., 2000). The lowest grain yield was recorded in without application of any inorganic fertilizer. ...
A field experiment was conducted during 2017–18 and 2018–19 at Chiplima, Sambalpur under West Central Table Land Zone of Odisha, to evaluate fertilizer doses under different planting methods in rice (Oryza sativa L.). The values of growth contributing characters like plant height, effective tillers/plant, and leaf-area index increased significantly under mechanical transplanting followed by system rice intensification (SRI) and drum seeding methods. The maximum grain yield, straw yield and benefit : cost (B: C) ratio were recorded with mechanical transplanting (6.5, 7.5 t/ha and 2.6) followed by SRI technique (6.3, 7.2 t/ha and 2.3) and were lowest with manual method of random transplanting (4.6, 5.3 t/ha and 1.8). Application of 120-60-60 kg N-P2O5 -K2 O/ha increased the panicle length (24.8 cm), filled grains/panicle (155), grain (8 t/ha) and straw (9.2 t/ha) yield and nutrient uptake by grain (113.3, 32.5 and 116.6 kg N, P and K/ha), being higher than the values obtained under soil test based fertilizer application, i.e. 100-50-40 kg N-P2 O5 -K2 O/ha.
... Higher DMP in closer spacing may be because of higher Among the nitrogen management practices N2 (100 % RDN through urea) recorded higher tiller production (401/m2), LAI (5.27) and it was at par with N3 (50 % RDN through Gliricidia + 50 % RDN through urea) and N4 (75 % RDN through Gliricidia + 25 % RDN through urea). This might be attributed to slow and steady release of N by the gliricidia green leaf manure on its decomposition resulting in efficient utilization indicating that supplementing the inorganic fertilizer with organic source which improved the general soil environment, physico-chemical and biological conditions favouring the increased availability of macro and micro nutrients (Sengar et al., 2000) thereby helped in improving the rice growth. Similar finding was also reported by Singh et al. (2002). ...
Field experiments were conducted during wet season of 2007 and 2008 at Central Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands in order to evaluate the practices of System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in Island ecosystem. Time of planting, spacing and nitrogen management practices significantly influenced the growth and yield attributes while number of seedlings/ hill did not exert any influence on these parameters. Planting in second fortnight of June with 20 x 20 cm spacing recorded higher number of tillers (18.3), DMP (17.6), panicles/m 2 (9.2) and filled grains/panicle (9.1). As a result of better growth and yield components, higher grain yield (4,678 kg/ha), net returns (Rs. 31,768/ha), net return per rupee invested (1.47) and energy ratio (14.5) were recorded in the early planting. Application of 100 % Recommended Dose of Nitrogen (RDN) through urea recorded more number of tillers with higher DMP, number of panicles, more number of filled grains and highest grain yield of 4,465 kg/ha but it was comparable with 50 % RDN through Gliricidia + 50 % RDN through urea and 75 % RDN through Gliricidia + 25 % RDN through urea. Though the net return was slightly higher (Rs. 29,002/ha) with application of 100 % RDN through urea, but net return per rupee invested was higher (1.40) with application of 50 % RDN through Gliricidia + 50 % RDN through urea. Thus, planting in second fortnight of June with 20 x 20 cm spacing using single seedling combined with application of 50 % N through Gliricidia and 50 % N through urea can be recommended for achieving higher productivity, profitability and energetic of rice in island ecosystem.
... it provides macro and micronutrients (Sengar et al., 2000). In recent years, vermicompost has been discovered as one of the most important gears for transforming biodegradable organic material into useful manure. ...
... These results could be due to immobilization of nitrogen and its gradual release by microorganism. Similar result was also obtained by Sengar et al. (2000). They reported that N, P, K uptake by rice was significantly increased by the application of manure. ...
The effects of poultry manure (pm) on nutrient uptake of Cucurbita moschata (Duch. ex Lam.) Duch. ex Poir. were conducted in the University of Port Harcourt Botanical Garden. Six treatments viz; 0, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 kilogram of poultry manure per hectare (kg pm/ha) were used in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replicates. These treatments were applied once to two week-old seedlings of C. moschata using ring method. The effects of these treatments on leaf N, P, K, Ca, Na and Mg concentrations were studied for six weeks. Soil nutrient levels were also monitored for 0 and 6 weeks. The crude protein and chlorophyll contents were also studied. The study
showed that poultry manure increased the nutrient contents (N, P, K, Ca, Na and Mg) of C. moschata. The highest uptake of N, K, Na and Mg concentrations were obtained from treatment at 400 kg pm/ha while 300 kg pm/ha gave the highest uptake for Ca and P concentrations. In all cases, the lowest nutrient uptake was recorded in the control. Crude protein and chlorophyll contents were also found to be higher at 400 kg pm/ha treatment. At P<0.05, there were significant difference among treatments. The poultry manure increased the soil nutrient. The study recommends an application rate of 400 kg pm/ha for the cultivation of C. moschata.
... No. of grains/pod (5.30), 100 grain weight (21.30) and yield of rajmash (15 q/ ha) was realized in T4 treatment where 1.25 t/ ha FYM + 1.25 t/ ha vermicompost + 1.25 t/ ha neem cake + 1.25 t/ ha pine needles + biofertilizer + rock phosphate was applied followed by T6 treatment (1.25 t/ ha FYM + 1.25 t/ ha vermicompost + 1.25 t/ ha neem cake + 1.25 t/ ha pine needles and seed treatment through tricoderma (4g/kg of seed) + Neem oil (3%) through foliar spray after one month and repeated at 15 days interval with pod length of 9.47 cm, No. of pods/plant of 11.30, No. of grains/pod of 5.20, 100 grain weight of 21.20 and rajmash yield of 14.7 q/ha over rest of the organic combinations which might have helped in constant release of soil nutrients besides the vermicompost reported to contain the growth promoting substances which might have influenced the availability of major and minor nutrients, there by yielded higher grain yield and its attributes. The presence of plant growth substances identified as indole compounds, which could be secreted in the cast and were reported by (Sengar et al., 2000). These results were in close conformity with that of and . ...
Shiva Dhar, Babu Subhash, Raj R., Upadhyay, P.K., Singh, T., Yadav, S.K., Meena, R.P., Kumar, A., Yadav, D.D., Sarangi, S.K., Singh, D.N., Gupta, G., Jinger, D., Ramalu, B., Kumar, D., Prajapat, K., Rajpoot, S., Bamboria, S., Ravishankar, N., Kumar, V., Ramanjaneyulu, A.V. and Choudhary, S.K. 2021. Agri-Innovations to Combat Food and Nutrition Challenges In: Extended Summaries of 5th International Agronomy Congress. The Indian Society of Agronomy, IARI, New Delhi 110012, Vol. 3 pp 1187–1590.
... The highest total N uptake (91.63 kg ha -1 ) was observed in T 2 (STB-CF (HYG) + CD (5 t ha -1 ) and the lowest total N uptake (47.9kg ha -1 ) was found in T 0 (control). Sengar et al. (2000) reported that the N uptake by rice grain and straw increased significantly with the combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers. The P uptake by grain ranged from 4.98 to 10.36 kg ha -1 and by straw 3.08 to 5.05 kg ha -1 . ...
An experiment was conducted at Mymensingh during Aman season of 2012 to investigate the response of T. Aman rice cv. Binadhan-7 to combined application of manures and fertilizers. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. There were six treatment combinations such as T0: Control, T1: STB-CF (HYG), T2: STB-CF(HYG) + CD (5 t ha-1) on IPNS basis, T3: STB-CF(HYG) + PM (3 t ha-1) on IPNS basis, T4: STB-CF (HYG) + COM (5 t ha-1) on IPNS basis, and T5: Far ers' practice FP. The soil belongs to the Sonatala soil series under the AEZ of Old Brahmaputra Floodplain. Characteristically the soil was silt loam in texture having pH 6.3, organic matter content 2.05%, total nitrogen 0.14%, available P 6.2 mg kg-1 , exchangeable K 0.068 me/100 g soil and available S 12.4 mg kg-1. The recommended fertilizer doses were used to supply N, P, K and S from Urea, TSP, MoP and gypsum respectively. The full dose of TSP, MoP, and gypsum was applied as basal dose during final land preparation while urea was applied in three equal splits. The results indicated that the yield contributing characters and the yield of BINAdhan-7 were markedly influenced due to different treatments. The highest grain yield of 5.07 t ha-1 was found in T3 [(STB-CF (HYG)] +PM (3 t ha-1) and the highest straw yield of 6.00 t ha-1 was found in T2 [(STB-CF (HYG)] + CD (5 t ha-1). The nutrient content and uptake as well as protein content of BINAdhan-7 were also influenced by the application of manures and fertilizers. Treatment T3 [(STB-CF (HYG)] + PM (3 t ha-1) was found to be the best combination of manures and fertilizers for obtaining the maximum yield as well as the other yield contributing characters. The overall results indicate that application of chemical fertilizers in combination with poultry manure based on IPNS could be recommended for BINAdhan-7 production in Aman season.
... et al. (2009) concluded that application of mixed mineral-fertilizer-N and organic-fertilizers-N had a better effects on N use efficiency could be significantly increased compared with the single application of mineral nitrogen fertilizer. Sengar et al. (2000) stated that application of N fertilizer and manures significantly increased the N, P, K uptake by rice. ...
A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of prilled urea (PU) and urea super granule (USG) alone and their combinations with poultry manure (PM) on growth and yield of transplant Aus rice (cv. BR 21) and field water quality. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments were T1: Control (no fertilizer), T2: (165 kg N ha-1 from prilled urea), T3: (119 kg N ha-1 from USG), T4: (82 kg N ha-1 from prilled urea + 3 t ha-1 poultry manure) and T5: (56 kg N ha-1 from USG + 3 t ha-1 poultry manure). The highest grain (3.19 tha-1) and straw yields (4.51tha-1) were obtained from treatment T5 (56 kg N ha-1 USG + 3.0 t ha-1 poultry manure) while the lowest grain (1.99 tha-1) and straw yield (3.38 tha-1) were recorded for T1 (control). Treatment T3 (119 kg N ha-1 from USG) performed better than T2 and T4 indicating the superior effect of USG over prilled urea. The N, P, K and S contents in the grain and straw and their total uptake were influenced profoundly due to application of PU, USG alone or in combination with poultry manure. In case of rice field water quality, the USG generated available NH4-N slowly but spontaneously over the entire growth period compared to prilled urea indicating a beneficial role of USG. The other properties of field water like pH, EC were also influenced by the application of prilled urea, USG and poultry manure. The overall results indicate that application of USG in combination with poultry manure was more effective in producing higher rice yield and at the same time reduce water pollution.
... On the other hand, the lowest N uptake by grain (0.021 kg/plot) was found from T 0 as control treatment. Sengar., et al. [31] reported that the N uptake by rice grain and straw increased significantly with the combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers. Rahman [32]; Duhan and Singh [33] also reported similar results. ...
... The Minimum nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium content in grain (1.23%), (0.74%) and (0.43%) as well as in straw (0.23%), (0.10%) and (0.43%) was noted in T 5 (50% NPK + 50% N through FYM). Similar finding was observed by Mitra and Mandal (2012), Sengar et al., (2000), Sarkar and Singh (1997) and Rakesh et al., (2009) andSharma et al., (2013) (Table 1-4). Results showed that application of T 9 (100% NPK + 25% N through vermicompost) resulted highest total (grain + straw) nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium uptake (67.88 kg ha -1 ), (40.26 kg ha -1 ) and (78.84 kg ha -1 ) which was statistically at par with T 7 (125 % RDF) and T 8 (100% NPK + 25% N through FYM). ...
Field experiment for growth, yield and quality of scented rice, variety Pusa Basmati 1 was carried out at Instructional farm, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya during kharif season 2018.The treatment were included inorganic and organic combination viz. T1 (100:40:30 kg ha-1 N2, P2O5, K2O) kg ha-1 ,T2 (75% NPK + 25% N through vermicompost),T3 (75% NPK + 25% N through FYM), T4(50% NPK+25%N through vermicompost FYM), T5 (50% NPK + 50% N through FYM), T6 (50%NPK + 50% N through vermicompost), T7 (125% NPK (RDF) T8 (100% NPK + 25% N through FYM) T9 (100% NPK + 25% vermicompost). The treatment were replicated thrice in Randomized Block Design. The experimental soil was silty loam in texture having pH 8.20, EC 0.31, OC 0.24, available N:137.18, P2O5: 14.80, and K2O:255.20 kg ha-1.The crop was transplanted in second week of July and harvesting in second week of Nov.2018. the maximum available nitrogen (165kg ha-1) , phosphorus (16.00 kgha-1) and potash (300.60 kg ha-1) was recorded in the treatment T9 (100% NPK + 25% N through vermicompost) which was significantly superior over rest of the treatments and minimum available nitrogen (135.00 kg ha-1), phosphorus (12.35 kg ha-1) and potassium (205 kg ha-1) was recorded in treatment T5 (50% NPK + 50% N through FYM). The maximum organic carbon contend (0.45%) was noted in T5 (50% NPK + 50% N through FYM) and PH, EC was fined non significant.
... The increase in yield was further attributed to better translocation of photosynthetic from source to sink due to higher uptake of NPK which are responsible for quick and easy translocation of photosynthetic. The better vegetative growth coupled with high yield attributes resulted in higher grain and straw of rice Sengar et al. (2000). Lowest grain and yield were recorded under control plots (no fertilizer). ...
... The increase in yield was further attributed to better translocation of photosynthetic from source to sink due to higher uptake of NPK which are responsible for quick and easy translocation of photosynthetic. The better vegetative growth coupled with high yield attributes resulted in higher grain and straw of rice Sengar et al. (2000). Lowest grain and yield were recorded under control plots (no fertilizer). ...
Appropriate fertilizer application is an important management practice to improve soil
fertility and quality in the inceptisol soil regions of western Uttar Pradesh. Exploiting the
production potential of high yielding rice varieties through agronomic management is one of the alternatives to feed the ever growing population. For this, fertilizers from different sources and modern planting techniques have contributed substantially to the spectacular increase in rice yield and to improve soil properties. In order to study the effect of planting techniques and integrated nutrient management in rice. A field experiments was conducted at Crop Research Centre of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut (Utter Pradesh) during Kharif
2018. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. The treatment consisted of three planting techniques P1- reduced tillage transplanted rice (RT- TPR), P2- furrow irrigated raised bed (FIRB), and P3- conventional till puddled transplanted rice (CT- TPR) and five fertility levels (F1- control, (no fertilizer), F2- RDF (150-60-40 kg NPK/ha), F3- 125%RDF, F4-150% RDF and F5- RDF + 25 kg ZnSO4 in this way there were 15 treatment combinations. The values of growth contributing characters viz. plant height (cm), number of tillers m-2, dry matter accumulation (g m-2), and yield attributes like number of panicles m-2, length of panicle (cm), number of panicle-1, grain weight panicle-1, test weight (g), grain and straw yield (q ha-1) of rice were increasing significantly with conventional puddled transplanted method (P1) followed by FIRB transplanted method (P2) and significantly superior over rest of the treatments. In case of fertility
levels, the growth characters like plant height (cm), number of tillers m-2, dry matter accumulation (g), yield attributes number of panicle m-2, length of panicle, grain weight panicle-1, test weight (g), grain and straw yield (q ha- 1) of rice were maximum under F3 (125%RDF) which was at par with F4 (150% RDF) during course of investigation. Higher nutrient uptake (NPK) by grain and straw as well as total uptake were recorded under RT-TPR followed by FIRB-TPR and CT-TPR.
Similarly, higher nutrient uptake by grain and straw was recorded with 125% RDF. The maximum gross return and net return were noted under P2 (furrow irrigated raised beds transplanted rice) with F3 (125%RDF) [P2F3], application. The highest benefit cost ratio were recorded with FIRB-TPR method with (125% RDF) treatment (P2F3) followed by CT-TPR with (150% RDF) (P3F4) they proved more remunerative then other treatment combinations. CT-TPR used higher amount of water than FIRB-TPR, with water saving of 14.5% in FIRB-TPR. Significantly higher water productivity was recorded in FIRB-TPR as compared to CT-TPR.
... Organic amendment improved soil physical conditions which helped to reduce leaching losses, prolong nutrient availability, and synchronize nutrient release with crop demand. Similar findings reported by Sengar et al. (2000) who described that N, P, K uptake by rice was significantly increased by the application of N fertilizer and manure. Agronomic use efficiency as affected by organic residues and chemical amendment alone or their combination is presented in Table 2. ...
Salinity is a limiting factor for growth and development, since it affects several physiological processes in plants. An experiment was conducted to evaluate rice yield and quality of soil using different organic and inorganic amendments. Field experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications and six treatments. Each treatment was received recommended doses of chemical fertilizers also. Based on these results, 50% of rice straw and gypsum amendments could be recommended to mitigate soil salinity thereby, improving the crop productivity of the salt affected lands. Maximum plant height, panicle length, total and effective tillers per hill and filled grains per panicle were observed in 50% (rice straw + gypsum) treated plots. Nutrients uptake were increased in grain and straw using different treatments compared to control and rice straw alone treated plots. In post harvest soil, there was a slight change of salinity and pH as affected by different treatments. Addition of rice straw and gypsum showed positive impact on organic carbon in soil.
... The highest values of N uptake (49.0 kg ha -1 ) were observed in rice with application of NPK (80: 50: 50 kg ha -1 ) + FYM at 10 t ha -1 (Sengar et al., 2000). Sharma and Sharma (2004) recorded the increase in organic carbon and available N, P and K contents in soil due to combined application to FYM and inorganic fertilizers. ...
... In addition to that it has priming effects that facilitates various biological transformations in soil. The N uptake by rice grain and straw were increased with the combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers [26]. Similar results were also reported by different scientists [27,28]. ...
Aims: To study the influence of inorganic and bio-fertilizers on nutrient uptake, soil fertility status and nutrient use efficiency of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Place and Duration of Study: The field trial was conducted in the experimental farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal, India during kharif season of 2016. Methodology: The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with seven treatments each of which was replicated three times. The experiment was comprised of seven treatments viz. T1: control, T2: chemical fertilizer at 100% recommended dose of NPK, T3: 50% recommended dose of NP + 100% RDK + Bacillus polymyxa, T4: 75% recommended dose of NP + 100% RDK + Azotobacter chroococcum, T5: 75% recommended dose of NP + 100% RDK + Bacillus polymyxa, T6: 50% recommended dose of NP + 100% RDK + Pseudomonas fluorescence and T7: 50% recommended dose of NPK + Bacillus polymyxa. Rice cultivar ‘IET-4786 (Shatabdi)’ was used as test crop. Results: Results of this study revealed that the maximum nutrient concentration in rice grain and straw; total N, P and K uptake (136.80, 37.07 and 184.65 kg ha-1 respectively); grain and straw yield; were obtained with the application of 100% recommended dose of chemical fertilizer (T2). T2 treatment was followed by 75% recommended dose of NP + 100% RDK + Azotobacter chroococcum (T4) and 75% recommended dose of NP + 100% RDK + Bacillus polymyxa (T5). Treatments T4 and T5 were significant in improving the soil health status including organic carbon content (0.38%), available N (183.29 and 172.43 kg ha-1), P2O5 (44.31 and 41.46 kg ha-1) and K2O (217.89 and 195.82 kg ha-1). Conclusion: Therefore, treatments T4 and T5 exhibited beneficial effect on improving soil health and nutrient use efficiency leading towards higher rice yield along with reducing soil deterioration and maintaining sustainability.
... In the present study, corroborated organic manures amended soil recorded higher nutrient availability in soil compared to control with RSC registering highest nutrient availability in soil owing to higher nutrient content present in it compared to other organics [27] . Similar findings reported by [28] . Who described that N, P, K and Si uptake by rice was significantly increased by the application of RDF and manure. ...
A pot experiment was conducted in the pot culture yard of the Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, during July-October, 2016. The experiment revealed that rice yield and uptake was significantly enhanced on addition of silicon, organics and their combinations over control. The highest rice yield and uptake was obtained with combined application of RDF + 100% (Si + RSC). Based on the study, it is concluded that the application of RDF + 100% (Si @ 200 kg ha-1 + RSC @ 14.5 t ha-1) is needed to achieve the maximum rice yield and improve the soil properties in the saline soil.
... The increase in yield was further attributed to better translocation of photosynthetic from source to sink due to higher uptake of NPK which are responsible for quick and easy translocation of photosynthetic. The better vegetative growth coupled with high yield attributes resulted in higher grain and straw of rice Sengar et al., (2000). Lowest grain and yield were recorded under control plots (no fertilizer). ...
Exploiting the production potential of high yielding rice varieties through agronomic management is one of the alternatives to feed the ever growing population. For this, fertilizers from different sources and modern planting techniques have contributed substantially to the spectacular increase in rice yield and to improve soil properties. In order to study the effect of planting techniques and integrated nutrient management in rice. A field experiments was conducted at Crop Research Centre of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut (Utter Pradesh) during Kharif 2017. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. The treatment consisted of three planting techniques (P1- conventional puddled transplanting (CT-TPR), P2- wide raised beds transplanted rice (WB-TPR) and P3- reduced till transplanted rice (RT-TPR) and ten integrated nutrient management (F1- control, (no fertilizer), F2- RDF (150-60-40 kg NPK/ha), F3- 75%RDF + FYM 5 t/ha, F4-75% RDF + FYM 5 t/ha + Zn, F5- 75% RDF + FYM 5 t/ha + BF, F6- 75% RDF + FYM 5 t/ha +BF + Zn, F7- 100% RDF + FYM 5 t/ha, F8- 100% RDF + FYM 5 t/ha + Zn, F9- 100% RDF + FYM 5 t/ha + BF and F10- 100% RDF FYM 5 t/ha+BF+ Zn in this way there were 30 treatment combinations. The values of growth contributing characters viz. plant height (cm), number of tillers m-2, dry matter accumulation (g m-2), and yield attributes like number of panicles m-2, length of panicle (cm), number of panicle-1, grain weight panicle-1, test weight (g), grain and straw yield (q ha-1) of rice were increasing significantly with conventional puddled transplanted method (P1) followed by wide raised beds transplanted method (P2) and significantly superior over rest of the treatments. In case of integrated nutrient management the growth characters like plant height (cm), number of tillers m-2, dry matter accumulation (g), yield attributes‟ number of panicle m-2, length of panicle, grain weight panicle-1, test weight (g), grain and straw yield (q ha-1) of rice were maximum under F10 (100% RDF+5t/ha FYM + BF + Zn) which was at par with F9 (100% RDF +5t/ha FYM +BF) during course of investigation. The maximum gross return and net return were noted under P2 (wide raised beds transplanted rice) with F10 (100% RDF+5t/ha FYM+ BF + Zn) [P2F10] application. The highest benefit cost ratio were recorded with WB-TPR SRI method with (100% RDF+5t/ha FYM+ BF + Zn) treatment (P2F10) followed by WB-TPR with (100% RDF+5t/ha FYM+BF) (P2F9) they proved more remunerative then other treatment combinations. CT-TPR used higher amount of water than WB-TPR, with water saving of 14.5% in WB-TPR. Significantly higher water productivity was recorded in WB-TPR as compared to CT-TPR.
... Higher DMP in closer spacing may be because of higher Among the nitrogen management practices N 2 (100 % RDN through urea) recorded higher tiller production (401/m 2 ), LAI (5.27) and it was at par with N 3 (50 % RDN through Gliricidia + 50 % RDN through urea) and N 4 (75 % RDN through Gliricidia + 25 % RDN through urea). This might be attributed to slow and steady release of N by the gliricidia green leaf manure on its decomposition resulting in efficient utilization indicating that supplementing the inorganic fertilizer with organic source which improved the general soil environment, physicochemical and biological conditions favouring the increased availability of macro and micro nutrients (Sengar et al., 2000) thereby helped in improving the rice growth. Similar finding was also reported by Singh et al. (2002). ...
Field experiments were conducted during wet season of 2007 and 2008 at Central Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands in order to evaluate the practices of System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in Island ecosystem. Time of planting, spacing and nitrogen management practices significantly influenced the growth and yield attributes while number of seedlings/ hill did not exert any influence on these parameters. Planting in second fortnight of June with 20 x 20 cm spacing recorded higher number of tillers (18.3), DMP (17.6), panicles/m2 (9.2) and filled grains/panicle (9.1). As a result of better growth and yield components, higher grain yield (4,678 kg/ha), net returns (Rs. 31,768/ha), net return per rupee invested (1.47) and energy ratio (14.5) were recorded in the early planting. Application of 100 % Recommended Dose of Nitrogen (RDN) through urea recorded more number of tillers with higher DMP, number of panicles, more number of filled grains and highest grain yield of 4,465 kg/ha but it was comparable with 50 % RDN through Gliricidia + 50 % RDN through urea and 75 % RDN through Gliricidia + 25 % RDN through urea. Though the net return was slightly higher (Rs. 29,002/ha) with application of 100 % RDN through urea, but net return per rupee invested was higher (1.40) with application of 50 % RDN through Gliricidia + 50 % RDN through urea. Thus, planting in second fortnight of June with 20 x 20 cm spacing using single seedling combined with application of 50 % N through Gliricidia and 50 % N through urea can be recommended for achieving higher productivity, profitability and energetic of rice in island ecosystem.
... Increase in yield and yield attributes with increasing rates of FYM has been observed by Mishra and Prasad (2000), and Verma et al. (2001). Application of nitrogen fertilizer and FYM significantly increased the rice yields (Senga et al., 2000. Singh (2001) reported that FYM significantly increased plant height, panicle length, fertile grains/panicle, test weight, grain and straw yiita and Larvest index. ...
Five fine and aromatic rice genotypes including farmers' variety were experimented and demonstrated under four different levels of nitrogen in three districts during I and II year of the project in three replications at two sites/district. Data of various trials using different levels of fertilizers were analyzed separately and combined over locations and years for all the treatments. Highly significant differences were observed for grain yield and straw yield between the years, locations, varieties, fertilizers, and year by locations, year by variety, location by variety and year by location by variety. Other interaction items such as year by fertilizer, location by fertilizer, variety by fertilizer, year by location by fertilizer, year by variety by fertilizerand location by variety by fertilizer did not have any effect on grain yield and straw yield. Highly significant effect of fertilizer on grain and straw yield revealed that the highest dose of 80:40:30 NPK kg/ha produced highest straw and grain yield in all the tested varieties. Among the tested varieties Pusa 834 and CNTRL 85033 produced the highest grain yield.
... A suitable combination of organic and inorganic supplies of nutrients is essential for sustainable agriculture that will provide food with superior quality. Sengar et al. (2000) stated that the application of chemical fertilizers in combination with manures improved the fertility status of the soil. The long term research of BRRI reveals that the addition of cow dung @ 5 t ha -1 yr -1 improves the rice productivity as well as prevents the soil resources from degradation (Bhuiyan, 1994). ...
The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh during June to December 2016 to investigate the influence of plant nutrient management on the growth performance of four transplant Aman rice varieties viz. BRRI dhan70, BRRI dhan71, BRRI dhan72 and BRRI dhan73. Six nutrient managements viz. poultry manure 5 t ha-1 , recommended dose of prilled urea, P, K, S, Zn (160, 65, 90, 70, 10 kg ha-1 of Urea, TSP, MoP, Gypsum and Zinc sulphate, respectively), 75% of recommended dose of prilled urea and P, K, S, Zn + poultry manure 2.5 t ha-1 , 50% of recommended dose of prilled urea and P, K, S, Zn + poultry manure 5 t ha-1 , USG 1.8 g/4 hills and P, K, S, Zn recommended dose, USG 1.8 g/4 hills and P, K, S, Zn + poultry manure 2.5 t ha-1 were used in this experiment. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results of the experiment showed that variety and integrated nutrient management had significant effect on plant height, number of tillers hill-1 , dry matter hill-1 and leaf area index (LAI) of transplant Aman rice. At 55, 70 and 85 DAT the tallest plant was found in BRRI dhan70. BRRI dhan70 produced the highest number of tillers hill-1 at 70 and 85 DAT whereas at 55 DAT the tallest plant was found in BRRI dhan73, and BRRI dhan73 was produced the highest dry matter hill-1 at 55, and 85 DAT whereas BRRI dhan72 recorded the highest at 70 DAT while BRRI dhan73 produced higher LAI in compare to other varieties at 65 DAT. USG 1.8 g/4 hills and P, K, S, Zn recommended dose can produced tallest plant, higher number tillers hill-1 and higher LAI whereas USG 1.8 g hill and P, K, S, Zn + poultry manure 2.5 t ha-1 was produced the highest dry matter hill-1. Among the interaction BRRI dhan73 fertilized with USG 1.8 g/4 hills and P, K, S, Zn recommended dose appears as the promising combination in respect of growth performance of transplant Aman rice.
... The combined treatment I 1 T 4 showed the highest uptake in straw of N, P, K, S and the lowest in I 1 T 0 (Table 5). Sengar et al. (2000) reported that the N uptake by rice grain and straw increased significantly with the combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers (Table 4). Irrigation treatments did not show significant change in pH, organic matter(OM), P, K S content in post harvest soils. ...
An experiment was conducted at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from December 2010 to April 2011 to assess the effect of various organic manure and inorganic fertilizer with different water management practices on yield and yield attributes of boro rice (BRRI dhan29). The treatment consisted of 2 factors i. e. irrigation and fertilizer plus manure. Two levels of irrigations (I 0 = Alternate wetting and drying and I 1 = Continuous flooding) with 8 levels of fertilizer plus manure, (as T 0 : Control, T 1 : 100% N 100 P 15 K 45 S 20 Zn 2 (Recommended dose), T 2 : 50% NPKSZn + 5 ton cowdung ha-1 , T 3 : 70% NPKSZn + 3 ton cowdung ha-1 , T 4 : 50% NPKSZn + 4 ton poultry manure ha-1 , T 5 : 70% NPKSZn + 2.4 ton poultry manure ha-1 , T 6 : 50% NPKSZn + 5 ton compost ha-1 and T 7 : 70% NPKSZn + 3 ton compost ha-1). Results revealed that irrigation had no significant effect on the yield and yield parameters of boro rice. The treatment T 4 showed the highest effective tillers hill-1 , plant height, panicle length, 1000-grain wt., grain yield (6.96 t ha-1) and straw yield (6.03 t ha-1) which were lowest in T 0 treatment. The highest grain (7.13 t ha-1) was recorded from the I 1 T 4 treatment combination which was also identical to those of I 0 T 4 (6.78 t ha-1) , I 0 T 5 (6.88 t ha-1) , I 1 T 1 (6.60 t ha-1) , I 1 T 5 (6.72 t ha-1). The lowest (3.84 t ha-1) from I 0 T 0. The highest nutrient concentrations and uptake were recorded also in I 1 T 4 treatment combination. The levels of organic matter and nutrient concentration were increased in the post harvest soils where manure plus inorganic fertilizer were used. It was concluded that application of I 0 T 4 was most favorable for improving yield and yield contributing attributes of BRRI dhan 29.
... et al. (2009) concluded that application of mixed mineral-fertilizer-N and organic-fertilizers-N had a better effects on N use efficiency could be significantly increased compared with the single application of mineral nitrogen fertilizer. Sengar et al. (2000) stated that application of N fertilizer and manures significantly increased the N, P, K uptake by rice. ...
A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of prilled urea (PU) and urea super granule (USG) alone and their combinations with poultry manure (PM) on growth and yield of transplant Aus rice (cv. BR 21) and field water quality. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments were T1: Control (no fertilizer), T2: (165 kg N ha-1 from prilled urea), T3: (119 kg N ha-1 from USG), T4: (82 kg N ha-1 from prilled urea + 3 t ha-1 poultry manure) and T5: (56 kg N ha-1 from USG + 3 t ha-1 poultry manure). The highest grain (3.19 tha-1) and straw yields (4.51tha-1) were obtained from treatment T5 (56 kg N ha-1 USG + 3.0 t ha-1 poultry manure) while the lowest grain (1.99 tha-1) and straw yield (3.38 tha-1) were recorded for T1 (control). Treatment T3 (119 kg N ha-1 from USG) performed better than T2 and T4 indicating the superior effect of USG over prilled urea. The N, P, K and S contents in the grain and straw and their total uptake were influenced profoundly due to application of PU, USG alone or in combination with poultry manure. In case of rice field water quality, the USG generated available NH4-N slowly but spontaneously over the entire growth period compared to prilled urea indicating a beneficial role of USG. The other properties of field water like pH, EC were also influenced by the application of prilled urea, USG and poultry manure. The overall results indicate that application of USG in combination with poultry manure was more effective in producing higher rice yield and at the same time reduce water pollution. [
... et al. (2009) concluded that application of mixed mineral-fertilizer-N and organic-fertilizers-N had a better effects on N use efficiency could be significantly increased compared with the single application of mineral nitrogen fertilizer. Sengar et al. (2000) stated that application of N fertilizer and manures significantly increased the N, P, K uptake by rice. ...
A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of prilled urea (PU) and urea super granule
(USG) alone and their combinations with poultry manure (PM) on growth and yield of transplant Aus rice (cv. BR
21) and field water quality. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with
three replications. The treatments were T1: Control (no fertilizer), T2: (165 kg N ha-1 from prilled urea), T3: (119
kg N ha-1 from USG), T4: (82 kg N ha-1 from prilled urea + 3 t ha-1 poultry manure) and T5: (56 kg N ha-1 from
USG + 3 t ha-1 poultry manure). The highest grain (3.19 tha-1) and straw yields (4.51tha-1) were obtained from
treatment T5 (56 kg N ha-1 USG + 3.0 t ha-1 poultry manure) while the lowest grain (1.99 tha-1) and straw yield
(3.38 tha-1) were recorded for T1 (control). Treatment T3 (119 kg N ha-1 from USG) performed better than T2 and
T4 indicating the superior effect of USG over prilled urea. The N, P, K and S contents in the grain and straw and
their total uptake were influenced profoundly due to application of PU, USG alone or in combination with poultry
manure. In case of rice field water quality, the USG generated available NH4-N slowly but spontaneously over the
entire growth period compared to prilled urea indicating a beneficial role of USG. The other properties of field water
like pH, EC were also influenced by the application of prilled urea, USG and poultry manure. The overall results
indicate that application of USG in combination with poultry manure was more effective in producing higher rice
yield and at the same time reduce water pollution.
... common letters do not differ significantly at 5% level of significance. CV (%) = Coefficient of variation.Lin. et al. (2009)concluded that application of mixed mineral-fertilizer-N and organic-fertilizers-N had a better effects on N use efficiency could be significantly increased compared with the single application of mineral nitrogen fertilizer.Sengar et al. (2000)stated that application of N fertilizer and manures significantly increased the N, P, K uptake by rice. Field water quality In first sampling, the amount of available NH 4N in rice field water started to increase after 2 hours of application, continued up to 3 days and then decreased gradually. The maximum amount of NH 4N was found at 2 ...
... et al. (2009) concluded that application of mixed mineral-fertilizer-N and organic-fertilizers-N had a better effects on N use efficiency could be significantly increased compared with the single application of mineral nitrogen fertilizer. Sengar et al. (2000) stated that application of N fertilizer and manures significantly increased the N, P, K uptake by rice. ...
A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of prilled urea (PU) and urea super granule (USG) alone and their combinations with poultry manure (PM) on growth and yield of transplant Aus rice (cv. BR 21) and field water quality. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments were T1: Control (no fertilizer), T2: (165 kg N ha-1 from prilled urea), T3: (119 kg N ha-1 from USG), T4: (82 kg N ha-1 from prilled urea + 3 t ha-1 poultry manure) and T5: (56 kg N ha-1 from USG + 3 t ha-1 poultry manure). The highest grain (3.19 tha-1) and straw yields (4.51tha-1) were obtained from treatment T5 (56 kg N ha-1 USG + 3.0 t ha-1 poultry manure) while the lowest grain (1.99 tha-1) and straw yield (3.38 tha-1) were recorded for T1 (control). Treatment T3 (119 kg N ha-1 from USG) performed better than T2 and T4 indicating the superior effect of USG over prilled urea. The N, P, K and S contents in the grain and straw and their total uptake were influenced profoundly due to application of PU, USG alone or in combination with poultry manure. In case of rice field water quality, the USG generated available NH4-N slowly but spontaneously over the entire growth period compared to prilled urea indicating a beneficial role of USG. The other properties of field water like pH, EC were also influenced by the application of prilled urea, USG and poultry manure. The overall results indicate that application of USG in combination with poultry manure was more effective in producing higher rice yield and at the same time reduce water pollution.
... et al. (2009) concluded that application of mixed mineral-fertilizer-N and organic-fertilizers-N had a better effects on N use efficiency could be significantly increased compared with the single application of mineral nitrogen fertilizer. Sengar et al. (2000) stated that application of N fertilizer and manures significantly increased the N, P, K uptake by rice. ...
A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of prilled urea (PU) and urea super granule (USG) alone and their combinations with poultry manure (PM) on growth and yield of transplant Aus rice (cv. BR 21) and field water quality. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments were T1: Control (no fertilizer), T2: (165 kg N ha-1 from prilled urea), T3: (119 kg N ha-1 from USG), T4: (82 kg N ha-1 from prilled urea + 3 t ha-1 poultry manure) and T5: (56 kg N ha-1 from USG + 3 t ha-1 poultry manure). The highest grain (3.19 tha-1) and straw yields (4.51tha-1) were obtained from treatment T5 (56 kg N ha-1 USG + 3.0 t ha-1 poultry manure) while the lowest grain (1.99 tha-1) and straw yield (3.38 tha-1) were recorded for T1 (control). Treatment T3 (119 kg N ha-1 from USG) performed better than T2 and T4 indicating the superior effect of USG over prilled urea. The N, P, K and S contents in the grain and straw and their total uptake were influenced profoundly due to application of PU, USG alone or in combination with poultry manure. In case of rice field water quality, the USG generated available NH4-N slowly but spontaneously over the entire growth period compared to prilled urea indicating a beneficial role of USG. The other properties of field water like pH, EC were also influenced by the application of prilled urea, USG and poultry manure. The overall results indicate that application of USG in combination with poultry manure was more effective in producing higher rice yield and at the same time reduce water pollution.
... Organic amendment improved soil physical conditions which helped to reduce leaching losses, prolong nutrient availability, and synchronize nutrient release with crop demand. Similar findings reported by Sengar et al. (2000) who described that N, P, K uptake by rice was significantly increased by the application of N fertilizer and manure. Agronomic use efficiency as affected by organic residues and chemical amendment alone or their combination is presented in Table 2. ...
Salinity is a limiting factor for growth and development, since it affects several physiological processes in plants. An experiment was conducted to evaluate rice yield and quality of soil using different organic and inorganic amendments. Field experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications and six treatments. Each treatment was received recommended doses of chemical fertilizers also. Based on these results, 50% of rice straw and gypsum amendments could be recommended to mitigate soil salinity thereby, improving the crop productivity of the salt affected lands. Maximum plant height, panicle length, total and effective tillers per hill and filled grains per panicle were observed in 50% (rice straw + gypsum) treated plots. Nutrients uptake were increased in grain and straw using different treatments compared to control and rice straw alone treated plots. In post harvest soil, there was a slight change of salinity and pH as affected by different treatments. Addition of rice straw and gypsum showed positive impact on organic carbon in soil.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(2): 109-113 2015
... Buckman and Brady (1980) stated that organic matter acts as a reservoir of plant nutrients especially N, P, K, S and micronutrients and also prevents leaching of nutrients. Sengar et al. (2000) also reported that N, P, K uptake by rice was significantly increased by the application of N fertilizer and manure. It also improves cation exchange capacity of soil. ...
Barley is a cool-weather cereal grain primarily produced on dryland farms in Sistan region. In order to study the effect of different proportions of manure and chemical fertilizer and water stress on grain yield and grain nutrient content in barley an experiment was conducted as split plot randomized complete block design with three replications in research field of Zabol University, 2009. Water stress treatments consisted of: water stress in grain filling stage (S1) and control (S2) as the main factor and different proportions of manure and chemical fertilizer treatment consisted of: 100% manure (N1), 100% chemical fertilizer (N2), 50% manure + 50% chemical fertilizer (N3), 75% manure + 25% chemical fertilizer (N4) and control (N5) as sub factor in this experiment. Results illustrated that the effect of drought stress in grain filling stage treatment on all grain yield and yield components with the exception of ear weight, were significant. Drought stress in grain filling stage strongly decreased grain yield but its effect was not very strong on another traits. With the exception of grain number/ear and ear weight, fertilizer treatments had significant effect on grain yields and yield components. Grain nutrient content not affected by water stress but among different proportions of fertilizer treatments, 100% manure (N1) caused to increase of these elements in grain.
... The total nitrogen uptake by grain and straw of T. aman rice was also significantly influenced due to different treatments of N. The highest total N uptake was found in T 7 (90 kg N ha -1 ) and lowest in T 1 (control).The total N uptake by BRRI dhan49 due to different treatments ranked in order of T 7 >T 6 >T 5 >T 4 >T 3 >T 2 >T 1 ( Table 3).This finding was supported by Sengar et al. (2000) who observed that N uptake by rice grain and straw increased significantly with the application of nitrogenous fertilizer. ...
An experiment was conducted during Transplant Aman season to determine the optimum dose of nitrogen on growth and yield of BRRI dhan49. The experiment was laid out following the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). There were seven treatments with three replications. All yield contributing characters like plant height, effective tillers hill-1 , panicle length, filled grains panicle-1 , grain yield and straw yield except 1000 grains weight of BRRI dhan49 significantly responded to different levels of applied nitrogen and varied from 81.50 to 89.55 cm, 7 to 11, 20.67 to 22.44cm, 104 to 142, 3.75 to 6.17 t ha-1 and 4.52 to 7.50 t ha-1 , respectively. The highest grain yield of 6.17 t ha-1 was recorded in the treatment T 7 (90 kg nitrogen ha-1). The highest straw yield of 7.50 t ha-1 was also noted in the treatment T 7 (90 kg nitrogen ha-1). The grain and straw yield due to the different treatments increased by 20 to 64.53% and 21.02 to 65.93% respectively over control. The nitrogen content and uptake by grain and straw were significantly influenced by the application of different levels of nitrogen. The results indicated that the use of 90 kg nitrogen ha-1 had better performance on the grain and straw yields. Therefore, the application of 90 kg nitrogen ha-1 for BRRI dhan49 cultivation is the best for higher yield at Old Brahmaputra Floodplain soil.
... Les les Ferralsols acides, augmente avec la profondeur (13). Cette distribution est une importante caractéristique à considérer pour la gestion de ces sols car l'Al échangeable se comporte comme un inhibiteur pour le développement des racines des plantes (19). En effet, au pH<5,5, la forme ionique soluble H2P04-(ortho phosphate) réagit avec l'Al et le Fe pour donner des composés stables (24); ce processus est appelé P-fixation. ...
Response of Two Sunflower (Helianthus sp.) Varieties to Poultry Manure Fertilization on a Hapli-Humic Ferralsol at the Yongka Western Highlands Research Garden-Park (YWHRGP) Nkwen-Bamenda, Cameroon, Central Africa. An experiment on a Hapli-Humic Ferralsol was conducted at the YWHRGP, Nkwen-Bamenda, to evaluate the response of two sunflower varieties (Helianthus sp.) to five levels of poultry manure (0; 1.2; 2.8; 4.2 and 5.6 Tons/ha). Italian White and African Giant varieties were used. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three and six replications for African Giant and Italian White varieties, respectively. Poultry manure was analyzed and growth, development and yield parameters were collected. The acid soil (pH≤5.5) showed nutrient deficiencies. The poultry manure (pH=7.8) is rich in essential nutrients and had a significant effect on sunflower growth parameters. The 4.2 Tons/ha manure level maximised growth and yield parameters of the African Giant variety. For the Italian White variety, 5.6 Tons/ha manure level gave a head weight yield (0.74 Tons/ha) lower than that of the African Giant (1.33 Tons/ha). Significant differences were also observed between the two varieties. However, the African Giant variety appears to be more adapted for seed production, while the Italian White variety appears to be best indicated for use as an ornamental plant or to produce cut flowers.
... In case of straw yield, significantly the highest yield (5.82 t/ha) was also obtained from T 3 (IPNM) treatment, but it was statistically identical with T 2 treatment and significantly different with all other treatments. Sengar et al. (2000) stated that the application of chemical fertilizer in combination with manure sustained/improved the fertility status of the soil. Hasan et al. (2004) reported that the combined effect of poultry manure and inorganic fertilizer combinations (NPKS) had significant effect on most of the crop characters. ...
A field experiment was conducted at the Multiplication Testing Site (MLT), Joypurhat Sadar upazila with Potato- Mugnbean –T. Aman rice cropping pattern during November/2007 to November/2008 to verify different nutrient management approaches and to determine the economic dose of fertilizer for the said cropping pattern. The experiment was designed with five treatments for whole of the cropping pattern in a randomized complete block design with six replications. The treatments were, soil test based fertilizer dose for moderate yield goal, soil test based fertilizer dose for high yield goal, integrated plant nutrient management, farmers’ practice, and control. Cowdung was applied at the first crop potato only in the cropping sequence. The varieties for potato, mungbean and T. Aman rice were Diamant, BARI Mung-6, and BR11, respectively. The results demonstrated that the tuber yield of potato, seed yield of mungbean, and grain yield of T. Aman rice were significantly influenced by the different treatments. The highest tuber yield (25.01 t/ha) was obtained from integrated plant nutrient management treatment. In mungbean, the highest seed yield (1384 kg/ha) was also recorded from NPKS for high yield goal with residual cowdung treatment. The results of NPKS application for high yield goal with residual cowdung had a positive effect on seed yield of mungbean. Grain and straw yields of T. Aaman rice were also significantly influenced by different treatments. The highest grain yield (5.68 t/ha) and straw yield (5.82 t/ha) were also observed in NPKS for high yield goal with residual cowdung treatment. The results also indicated that the residual cowdung had a positive effect on grain and straw yields of T. Aman rice. Cost and return analysis of different nutrient management packages for the whole cropping pattern showed that the highest marginal benefit cost ratio (8.64), gross return (Tk. 3,79,960/ha) and gross margin (Tk. 3,43,360/ha) were obtained from integrated plant nutrient management treatment and the lowest from soil test based fertilizers for moderate yield goal treatment. So, considering crop productivity, economic return, and soil fertility, integrated plant nutrient management for high yield goal with 5 t/ha cowdung could be recommended for the Potato-Mungbean-T Aman rice cropping pattern at Joypurhat and similar soils of Level Barind agroecological zone for sustainable higher yield DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i4.11761 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 36(4): 711-722, December 2011
A field experiment was conducted during the two consecutive kharif seasons of 2011 and 2012 on sandy-loam lateritic soil of Indian subtropics to investigate the impact of integrated nutrient management (INM) on crop productivity, nutrient use efficiency of applied nutrients and soil fertility in restoring sustainability with hybrid rice cultivation. Application of 50% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + 50% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through mustard oil cake (MOC) or 75% RDF + 25% RDN through MOC + biofertilizer recorded significantly higher grain and biomass yields, greater NPK removal and higher partial factor productivity of applied nutrient (PFPN) than those of the crop having 100% RDF, 100% RDN through MOC and 25% RDF + 75% RDN through MOC, which showed very poor performance. The former treatments also improved organic carbon and available NPK contents in soil in spite of greater removal of NPK by the crop. Results of study suggested integrated use of 50% RDF + 50% RDN through MOC or 75% RDF + 25% RDN through MOC + biofertilizer for increasing hybrid rice productivity, PFPN and improving soil fertility for sustainability.
A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) seasons of 2000 and 2001 at Raipur, Chhattisgarh, to study the effect of different integrated nitrogen nutrition techniques on yield, N content, N uptake and N-use efficiency of rice (Oryza sativa L.). The grain yield, straw yield, N content and uptake were significantly higher under 100% recommended dose of N (RDN) blended with FYM and 100% RDN + 5 tonnes FYM than other treatments on pooled data basis. The per cent increase in grain yield with 100% RDN blended with FYM, 100% RDN + 5 tonnes FYM and 100% RDN as urea:FYM:soil over 100% RDN were 13.4, 14.2 and 8.2% respectively. The nitrogen-use efficiency parameters revealed that the factor productivity and recovery efficiency were highest with 100% RDN as urea:FYM:soil. But the recovery efficiency under 100% RDN as urea:FYM:soil, 100% RDN + 5 tonnes FYM and 100% RDN blended with FYM were higher than other treatments. However, the agronomic efficiency of 100% RDN blended with FYM and 100% RDN + 5 tonnes FYM were the same (0.48), followed by 100% RDN as urea:FYM soil (0.47).
A field experiment was conducted to explore the possibility of substituting fertilizer N with organic manure and bio-fertilizers (Blue Green Algae) in an integrated manner. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with 12 different Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) modules with 3 replications involving different levels of nitrogen. All the treatments increased the yield and nutrient uptake significantly over the control. The highest paddy yield (50.51 q ha-1) and uptakes of N and K by plants were recorded in plot where 25% N through green manure + 75% through chemical fertilizer were applied. Similar trend was observed in case of leaf area index at 45 and 90 days after transplanting (DAT) and dry matter accumulation at harvest stage. The maximum uptake of P was recorded in 25% N through Poultry manure + 75% N through Fertilizer. The physiological efficiency of NPK were higher with the application of 100% N through fertilizer.
The experiment was carried out at the Environmental Science Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period November 2004 to February 2005 to evaluate the effect of organic farming on soil and potato quality. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete Block Design with five treatment and three replications. The treatments and their combinations were cowdung, poultry manure, inorganic fertilizer, cowdung plus inorganic fertilizer and poultry manure plus inorganic fertilizer. The nutrient content of P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn of tuber and haulm, and starch and protein content in tuber were highest in cowdung treated potato and but N and S content of both tuber and haulm were highest in case of poultry manure. The uptake of P, K, Mg and S of both tuber and haulm in case of poultry manure but N and Zn uptake was highest in case of poultry manure plus inorganic fertilizer. Finally, calcium uptake was highest in cowdung in both cases of tuber and protean and starch contents were influenced by organic farming. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i2.14818 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(2): 219-224 2012
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) regularly publishes guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories and methane emission (CH4) from rice paddies has been an important component of these guidelines. While there have been many estimates of global CH4 emissions from rice fields, none of them have been obtained using the IPCC guidelines. Therefore, we used the Tier 1 method described in the 2006 IPCC guidelines to estimate the global CH4 emissions from rice fields. To accomplish this, we used country-specific statistical data regarding rice harvest areas and expert estimates of relevant agricultural activities. The estimated global emission for 2000 was 25.6 Tg a−1, which is at the lower end of earlier estimates and close to the total emission summarized by individual national communications. Monte Carlo simulation revealed a 95% uncertainty range of 14.8–41.7 Tg a−1; however, the estimation uncertainty was found to depend on the reliability of the information available regarding the amount of organic amendments and the area of rice fields that were under continuous flooding. We estimated that if all of the continuously flooded rice fields were drained at least once during the growing season, the CH4 emissions would be reduced by 4.1 Tg a−1. Furthermore, we estimated that applying rice straw off season wherever and whenever possible would result in a further reduction in emissions of 4.1 Tg a−1 globally. Finally, if both of these mitigation options were adopted, the global CH4 emission from rice paddies could be reduced by 7.6 Tg a−1. Although draining continuously flooded rice fields may lead to an increase in nitrous oxide (N2O) emission, the global warming potential resulting from this increase is negligible when compared to the reduction in global warming potential that would result from the CH4 reduction associated with draining the fields.
Lowlands comprise 87% of the 145 M ha of world rice area. Lowland rice-based cropping systems are
characterized by soil flooding during most of the rice growing season. Rainfall distribution, availability
of irrigation water and prevailing temperatures determine when rice or other crops are grown. Nitrogen
is the most required nutrient in lowland rice-based cropping systems. Reducing fertilizer N use in these
cropping systems, while maintaining or enhancing crop output, is desirable from both environmental
and economic perspectives. This may be possible by producing N on the land through legume biological
nitrogen fixation (BNF), minimizing soil N losses, and by improved recycling of N through plant
residues. At the end of a flooded rice crop, organic- and NHa-N dominate in the soil, with negligible
amounts of NO 3. Subsequent drying of the soil favors aerobic N transformations. Organic N mineralizes
to NH4, which is rapidly nitrified into NO 3. As a result, NO 3 accumulates in soil during the aerobic
phase. Recent evidence indicates that large amounts of accumulated soil NO 3 may be lost from rice
lowlands upon the flooding of aerobic soil for rice production. Plant uptake during the aerobic phase
can conserve soil NO 3 from potential loss. Legumes grown during the aerobic phase additionally
capture atmospheric N through BNF. The length of the nonflooded season, water availability, soil
properties, and prevailing temperatures determine when and where legumes are, or can be, grown. The
amount of N derived by legumes through BNF depends on the interaction of microbial, plant, and
environmental determinants. Suitable legumes for lowland rice soils are those that can deplete soil NO 3
while deriving large amounts of N through BNF. Reducing soil N supply to the legume by suitable soil
and crop management can increase BNF. Much of the N in legume biomass might be removed from the
land in an economic crop produce. As biomass is removed, the likelihood of obtaining a positive soil N
balance diminishes. Nonetheless, use of legumes rather than non-legumes is likely to contribute higher
quantities of N to a subsequent rice crop. A whole-system approach to N management will be necessary
to capture and effectively use soil and atmospheric sources of N in the lowland rice ecosystem.
This chapter reviews nitrogen (N) dynamics in lowland rice fields with emphasis on how N dynamics are influenced by typical soil drying and wetting cycles, the influence of legumes on soil N transformations and N accretion in rice-based cropping systems, the N contribution of legumes to rice, and the integrated management of legume N and industrial fertilizer N for rice. Most research on N contributions from legumes in the tropics has been focused on short-duration legumes grown and subsequently incorporated solely as green manures immediately before the monsoon rice crop. Nitrification during nonflooded periods among rice crops and then subsequent denitrification when soil is flooded for rice may be an important avenue for N loss. The N contribution of legumes in lowland rice-legume sequences, as in upland crop-legume sequences, depend on the quantity of legume N derived from N2 fixation, the NHI, the proportion of legume N mineralized, and the efficiency of use of this mineralized N by the succeeding crop.