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Abstract
Many mushrooms protect against damage induced by noxious chemicals and organisms. Agaricus bisporus, Agaricus blazei, Antrodia cinnamomea, Coprinus comatus, Ganoderma. lucidum, Ganoderma tsugae, Inonotus xeranticus, Lentinus edodes, Morchella esculenta, Panellus serotinus, Panus giganteus, Pholiota dinghuensis, Pleurotus cornucopiae, Pleurotus florida, Pleurotus ostreatus and Tremella mesenterica had hepatoprotective effects. Pleurotus porrigens offered protection against gentamicininduced nephrotoxicity. Antrodia camphorata, Cordyceps sinensis Cordyceps militaris Dictyophora indusiata, Ganoderma. lucidum, Grifola frondosa, Inonotus obliquus, Paxillus curtisii, Paxillus panuoides, Phellinus linteus and Phellinus rimosus exhibited neuroprotective effects. Hericium erinaceus has neurotrophic effect. Ganoderma. lucidum exhibited cardioprotective effect. Agaricus brasiliensis protected against pulmonary inflammation. Grifola frondosa Lactarius deterrimus and Castanea sativa: demonstrated protective effects on pancreatic β-cells. Hericium erinaceus protected against Salmonella typhimurium. Ganoderma lucidum had protective effects against malaria. Pleurotus ostreatus laccase manifested protection against hepatitis C virus. Phellinus baumii offers protection against bovine collagen type II induced arthritis. Hohenbuehelia serotina, Phellinus rimosus and Tremella mesenterica displayed radioprotective effects.
Throughout history, mushrooms have occupied an inseparable part of the diet in many countries. Mushrooms are considered a rich source of phytonutrients such as polysaccharides, dietary fibers, and other micronutrients, in addition to various essential amino acids, which are building blocks of vital proteins. In general, mushrooms offer a wide range of health benefits with a large spectrum of pharmacological properties, including antidiabetic, antioxidative, antiviral, antibacterial, osteoprotective, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, etc. Both wild edible and medicinal mushrooms possess strong therapeutic and biological activities, which are evident from their in vivo and in vitro assays. The multifunctional activities of the mushroom extracts and the targeted potential of each of the compounds in the extracts have a broad range of applications, especially in the healing and repair of various organs and cells in humans. Owing to the presence of the aforementioned properties and rich phytocomposition, mushrooms are being used in the production of nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. This review aims to provide a clear insight on the commercially cultivated, wild edible, and medicinal mushrooms with comprehensive information on their phytochemical constituents and properties as part of food and medicine for futuristic exploitation. Future outlook and prospective challenges associated with the cultivation and processing of these medicinal mushrooms as functional foods are also discussed.
Mushrooms have been consumed by mankind for millennia. In Malaysia, there are many species of edible mushrooms which are either cultivated (Agaricus spp., Auricularia spp., Pleurotus spp.) or harvested in the wild (Ganoderma spp., Polyporus spp., Termitomyces spp.). With the advancement of technology, numerous discoveries have been made that elucidated the nutritional (high in fibres, proteins, vitamins; low in fats, cholesterols, sodium) and medicinal (anti-oxidative, anti-hypertensive, neuritogenesis) properties of edible mushrooms, all of which are highly beneficial for the maintenance of human health and well-being. This review thus compiles and documents the available literatures on edible mushrooms reported from Malaysia complete with scientific, English, and vernacular names for future references; provides a comprehensive and updated overview on the nutritional and medicinal properties edible mushrooms reported from Malaysia; and identifies the research gaps to promote further research and development on edible mushrooms reported from Malaysia. Overall, Malaysia is and remains a natural repository for wild and cultivated edible mushrooms. Deeper investigation on their nutritional and medicinal properties will certainly serve as an impetus for economic as well as scientific progress.
Objective:
Dietary supplement may potentially help to fight obesity and other metabolic disorders such as insulin-resistance and low-grade inflammation. The present study aimed to test whether supplementation with Agaricus blazei murill (ABM) extract could have an effect on diet-induced obesity in rats.
Design and methods:
Wistar rats were fed with control diet (CD) or high-fat diet (HF) and either with or without supplemented ABM for 20 weeks.
Results:
HF diet-induced body weight gain and increased fat mass compared to CD. In addition HF-fed rats developed hyperleptinemia and insulinemia as well as insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. In HF-fed rats, visceral adipose tissue also expressed biomarkers of inflammation. ABM supplementation in HF rats had a protective effect against body weight gain and all study related disorders. This was not due to decreased food intake which remained significantly higher in HF rats whether supplemented with ABM or not compared to control. There was also no change in gut microbiota composition in HF supplemented with ABM. Interestingly, ABM supplementation induced an increase in both energy expenditure and locomotor activity which could partially explain its protective effect against diet-induced obesity. In addition a decrease in pancreatic lipase activity is also observed in jejunum of ABM-treated rats suggesting a decrease in lipid absorption.
Conclusions:
Taken together these data highlight a role for ABM to prevent body weight gain and related disorders in peripheral targets independently of effect in food intake in central nervous system.