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Ways of improving the quality of textiles by using special chemical finishes and foam technology

Authors:

The disadvantages of classical impregnation are compared with the advantages of foam finishing. The foam finishing of a wide range of fabrics (apparel, household, sportswear) is investigated. The effect on some properties (thermal conductivity, water vapour transmission, air permeability) is examined. The relevant Czechoslovak standards are discussed.

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Volkmar Bartels explains how use of technical textiles in cars make them more comfortable by offering great advantages in terms of breathability and air permeability compared with non-textile products like leather or foam. A more complicated variant of water vapor diffusion is observed in textile use in car seats. Firstly, diffusion has to take place under geometric constraints. Consequently, ... [Show full abstract] thinner textiles always have a better breathability than equally constructed thicker ones. The second complication in textile use is that water vapor is set free on one side of the material. Then diffusion leads not to a leveling out of water vapor concentration, but a continued flow of water vapor through the material. Technical textiles in car seats enhance both breathability and air permeability. Textile seat covers are more breathable than leather, which impedes water vapor diffusion. Three-dimensional spacer fabrics are more air permeable than foams.

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Study on comfort properties of plasma treated and untreated fabrics

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In this research work, the comfort properties of plasma treated and untreated woven and knitted fabrics were evaluated. The fabrics were sourced from textile mills for investigation. Both the plasma treated and untreated fabrics were tested for thermal conductivity, water vapour permeability and air permeability and the results reveal the comfort status of the fabric used.

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The effect of the blend ratio on the thermal conductivity, air permeability and water vapour transmission of acrylic/viscose rayon and polyester/viscose rayon adhesive-bonded nonwoven fabrics as garment and shoe linings is investigated.

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Conventional and foam coating are discussed. Results are given for woven cotton fabrics and multilayer knitted nylon and cotton/polyester fabrics. Special attention is paid to the fabric properties, in particular their air permeability

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The Effects of Interlining on Comfort Properties of Wool Fabrics

May 2013

The acceptability of a textile fabric largely depends on the comfort properties which involve thermal properties, air permeability and water vapor permeability etc. In this study, the effects of interlining on the air permeability, thermal conductivity, and crease recovery angle properties of wool fabrics were investigated. As fabric, four different blends of wool/fabrics in various ratios were ... [Show full abstract] used. The reason of choosing woolen fabrics is that wool is the most widely used fiber for men suits in clothing industry. As interlining two different types of interlining were used. The chosen interlinings were fixed onto the wool fabrics by changing fixing parameters (pressure, temperature and time). For fixing combination the most widely used three fixing combinations in industrial applications were applied.

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Testing the Water Vapor Transmission Rate of Smart Textiles

March 2010 · AATCC Review

There is a need to perform measurements in different climates to examine how the novel-class of smart stimuli-responsive textiles respond to environmental changes. A smart textile containing temperature and/or humidity responsive materials should show a water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) that depends strongly on the climate. The double chamber method (DCM) is used to assess the WVTR of fabrics ... [Show full abstract] in different climates. DCM measurements are performed with two different climatic chambers, with the smaller Chamber 1 being included in the Chamber 2. The temperature and RH of the two chambers can be controlled independently. The measured fabric is placed in a hole in one side of Chamber 1. There needs to be a constant water-vapor concentration in chamber 1. The test fabrics were measured according to the ASTM E96 B and the DCM method. Remarkably, the Spearman rank order correlation-coefficient was 0.90, which means that the two methods were well-correlated.

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On the Use of Image Processing Techniques for Estimation of Porosity of the Estimation of the Porosi...

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� Abstract—This paper presents a novel approach to assessing textile porosity by the application of the image analysis techniques. The images of different types of sample fabrics, taken through a microscope when the fabric is placed over a constant light source, transfer the problem into the image analysis domain. Indeed, porosity can thus be expressed in terms of a brightness percentage index ... [Show full abstract] calculated on the digital microscope image. Furthermore, it is meaningful to compare the brightness percentage index with the air permeability and the tightness indices of each fabric type. We have experimentally shown that there exists an approximately linear relation between brightness percentage and air permeability indices. Keywords—Textile fabrics, porosity, air permeability, image analysis, light transmission.

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Thermal comfort characteristics of polyester-cotton MVS yarn fabrics

December 2005 · Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research

The thermal comfort characteristics, viz. air permeability, water vapour diffusion, wickability, absorbency and thermal insulation, of scoured and finished fabrics made from polyester-cotton MVS yarns have been evaluated. The experimental results reveal that the air permeability and the water vapour diffusion of the scoured fabrics initially increase with increasing twisting jet pressure of ... [Show full abstract] Murata vortex spinner and then decrease. Wickability and thermal insulation of these fabrics, on the other hand, resister a decrease initially with the increase in twisting jet pressure and then increase with further rise in twisting jet pressure. Wider nozzle distance enhances air permeability and water vapour diffusion of MVS yarn scoured fabrics but has a deleterious effect on wickability and thermal insulation. Higher cotton content is also effective in improving wickability, absorbency and thermal insulation properties but lowers the air permeability and water vapour diffusion. The chemical finishing significantly reduces the air permeability, water vapour diffusion, wickability, absorbency and thermal insulation of these fabrics.

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The comfort characteristics of bamboo/cotton-blended knitted fabrics made from rotor-spun yarns were studied in this research work. Five different blend proportions namely 100% bamboo, 100% cotton, 50:50 cotton:bamboo, 70:30 cotton:bamboo and 30:70 cotton:bamboo were used to produce rotor-spun yarns of 30 s Ne . The yarn samples developed out of these different blend proportions were evaluated ... [Show full abstract] for yarn strength and elongation, yarn unevenness, yarn imperfections and used to produce single-jersey-knitted fabrics. All the fabric samples were dyed and ﬁnished. Fabric samples were evaluated for geometrical properties such as course/inch, wales/inch, stitch density and thickness apart from measuring comfort properties such as airpermeability, thermal conductivity, thermal resistance and water vapour permeability. The results indicated that 50/50 bamboo/cotton-blended knits have comparable fabric quality in terms of comfort properties with respect to 100% bamboo fabrics.

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Several test methods exist for determining the water vapour permeability or resistance of textile fabrics or garments. The differences and interrelationships between these methods are not always clear, which presents a problem in comparing results from different test methods. This study is aimed at investigating the relationships between the test results from four typical test methods, including ... [Show full abstract] the moisture transmission test (Model CS-141), ASTM E96 cup method, sweating guarded hot plate method (ISO11092) and the sweating fabric manikin (Walter). For the range of air permeable knitted fabrics tested, it was found that good interrelationships exist between the results from the four types of test methods, although some discrepancies exist between different tests due to differences in testing conditions. Test results from different moisture transfer test methods can therefore be convertible with due consideration.

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Bicomponent fabrics predominantly-cotton content

January 2001

Unusual fabrics made with the uniquely engineered cotton covered glass-core yarns and polyester-core yarns produced by the USDA patented, exclusively licensed2 core-spinning technology are discussed for possible new applications. The fabrics have a mostly cotton content and an almost 100% cotton surface. However, based on objective evaluations, the fabrics are superior in functional properties to ... [Show full abstract] the traditional cotton fabrics and, therefore, promise a great potential for many new and exciting applications. The FR-treated cotton-covered glass-core fabric, when subjected to a flame for 20 seconds under the standard flammability test, provides an effective glass screen to inhibit propagation of the flame to the other side of the fabric, where an easily flammable or combustible substance such as foam or flesh might be present. Thus, it may be an economical and effective product for certain fire-protective textiles. The polyester-core fabric provides higher tensile breaking and tear strengths for greater durability and dimensional stability, while still retaining the advantages of its 100% natural cotton wrap/sheath which provides excellent absorbency for special effects, including ease of application of special chemical finishes and adhesives (for industrial abrasives/sandpapers). The SRRC core-spinning techniques involved and certain mechanical and functional properties of the yarns and fabrics produced have been discussed along with a comparison with the corresponding conventional yarns and fabrics. Generally, in these bicomponent yarns and fabrics, the selected core material provides the required mechanical and functional characteristics and the wrap material, usually cotton, provides the desired properties of natural fibers. Unlike the conventional partially-covered, strip-sensitive, and barber poled core-spun yarns, the core-wrap yarns produced by the ARS core-spinning systems are truly co-axial, strip-resistant and almost totally covered.

Ways of improving the quality of textiles by using special chemical finishes and foam technology

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