... The project focuses on Pre-Columbian settlements (Prümers, 2003(Prümers, , 2004(Prümers, , 2006(Prümers, , 2008(Prümers, , 2009aPrümers et al., 2006) (Fig. 1). We would argue that these settlements have been almost neglected by previous studies on the Llanos de Moxos' prehistory, which, with a few exceptions Calandra, 1981e1982;Erickson, 2000a;Nordenskiöld, 1913Nordenskiöld, , 1916 have focused on the description and interpretation of earthworks presumably related to productive activities and communication infrastructures, such as raised fields, raised pathways, fish weirs, etc. (Denevan, 1963(Denevan, , 1964(Denevan, , 1966(Denevan, , 1970(Denevan, , 1980(Denevan, , 1991Erickson, 1980Erickson, , 1995Erickson, , 2000bErickson, ,c, 2001aErickson, ,b, 2006Erickson, , 2008Michel López, 1993, 1997Walker, 2000Walker, , 2001Walker, , 2004Walker, , 2008. These studies provide a comprehensive record of the above mentioned earthworks as well as a variety of hypotheses about their ancient use and possible cultural meaning. ...