Article

Vascular flora of the Verdugo Mountains and San Rafael Hills, Los Angeles County, California

Authors:
  • Access to Advanced Health Institute
To read the full-text of this research, you can request a copy directly from the authors.

Abstract

Available online here: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/211133#page/5/mode/1up. The Verdugo Mountains and San Rafael Hills in Los Angeles County, California, are a 21 km (13 mi) long mountainous region that encompasses approximately 14,646 ha (36,192 acres) surrounded by the greater Los Angeles area. Urbanization from the greater Los Angeles area has encroached upon these mountains over the years. Despite the mountains’ proximity to high population densities, recent botanical collections from the range are sparse. The goal of our study was to compile historic and recent botanical collections from the range to document the flora of the Verdugo Mountains and San Rafael Hills. We first compiled information on the natural and cultural history of the study area from literature reviews, internet searches, and local herbaria. We then performed botanical surveys in the Verdugo Mountains and San Rafael Hills to document vascular plant taxa with herbarium vouchers, develop an annotated checklist, describe plant communities, and document fire-following species for the region. The vegetation within the study area was predominantly chaparral (chamise or mixed chaparral) and southern coastal scrub with occasional woodlands (coast live oak or California walnut), riparian communities (California sycamore or mixed riparian woodlands), and grasslands (native bunchgrass or valley and southern coastal grassland). We identified fire-following species from three burn areas in the study area one to five years later. A total of 422 native and 163 non-native taxa were confirmed from the area, including 12 rare taxa.

No full-text available

Request Full-text Paper PDF

To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the authors.

... Of course, these are also some of the most speciesrich families, so further analysis is needed to reveal patterns of extirpation.Table 2lists species known from just one or two small populations in the park, sometimes just a handful of individuals, and includes those that may be possibly be extirpated, as they have not been refound in recent years. While the locations are scattered around the park, a few names appear more than once, including Royce Canyon, which includes the moss gardens on the north-facing slope south of the stream; Western Canyon/One-Mile Tree, an important, and fairly undisturbed, clay lens just west of Western Canyon Road near a pullout roughly one mile up the road from Fern Dell; and Cahuenga-Burbank Peak, the highest ridge in the eastern Santa Monica Mountains.Table 2. " Scarce " native taxa of Griffith Park, known only from one or two populations in study area; excludes cryptic species (e.g., certain grasses) and those for which more work is needed (e.g., Camissoniopsis; see text).A recent treatment of the flora of the Verdugo Mountains/San Rafael Hills just northeast of the park (422 native taxa, including historical collections;Soza et al. 2013) allows for a full comparison with Griffith Park, and a comparison of native species extirpated from each range provides important conservation insights. While nearly 100 more native taxa are known from the Verdugos than occur or occurred historically at Griffith Park, fully 96% of the currently-or historicallyknown taxa in Griffith Park also occur or occurred in the Verdugos. ...
... exserta, Penstemon centranthifolius, Plantago erecta, Leptosiphon liniflorus, and Ranunculus californicus. While it is impossible to prove, several other taxa extirpated from Griffith Park (seeTable 1) yet unknown from the Verdugos actually may have been been present in the Verdugos in the recent past but not collected, including such locally rare and declining native forbs such as Achyrachaena mollis, Lasthenia californica, and Microsteris gracilis.I made an effort to be consistent with the analysis bySoza et al. (2013)when determining whether a non-native taxa is naturalized; for example, they also omit common, established groups like eucalyptus that are known only from planted individuals.Data from herbaria at the following institutions were used: CAS (California Academy of Sciences), CDA (California Department. of Food and Agriculture), JEPS (Jepson Herbarium, University of California, Berkeley), UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles), POM (Pomona Herbarium at RSA); RSA (Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden), SBBG (Santa Barbara Botanic Garden), SD (San Diego Natural History Museum), UC (University Herbarium, University of California, Berkeley), UCR (University of California, Riverside), and UCSB (University of California, Santa Barbara). All are part of the Consortium of California Herbaria, with data available online (Consortium of California Herbaria 2016). ...
... subsp. coronaria (Greene) Gottlieb may yet be discovered in the park or, material collected may be re-identified as this species, as it has been documented in the Santa Monica Mountains and in the nearby Verdugo Mountains (Soza et al. 2013). Prigge 16131, 20 Oct 2011 (LA). ...
Article
Full-text available
Covering roughly 17 square km (4,200 acres), Griffith Park represents one of the most significant reserves of natural habitat in the central Los Angeles Basin and the largest contiguous expanse of open space in the eastern Santa Monica Mountains. The study area covers all of Griffith Park and adjacent openspace west to State Route 101 and north to State Route 134. Here I provide information on 430 native or naturalized plant taxa reported from Griffith Park, including 326 naturally-occurring natives and 104 naturalized non-natives. Most of these taxa are vouchered with herbarium specimens, and I provide additional lists for unvouchered specimens and those documented only by photographs, as well as vouchered taxa for which there exists some question as to the origin of their occurrence within the park. The species richness of the park flora may becompared to that of the nearby Verdugo Mountains (585 native or naturalized taxa)and the Santa Monica Mountains/Simi Hills (875-1005 taxa). This represents thefirst full treatment of the native plant species of Griffith Park, and it provides abaseline of diversity for what is arguably the most significant area of open spacein the central Los Angeles Basin, informing and encouraging future investigation and documentation of the flora of the Los Angeles area.
Article
Full-text available
A revised and updated classification for the families of flowering plants is provided. Many recent studies have yielded increasingly detailed evidence for the positions of formerly unplaced families, resulting in a number of newly adopted orders, including Amborellales, Berberidopsidales, Bruniales, Buxales, Chloranthales, Escalloniales, Huerteales, Nymphaeales, Paracryphiales, Petrosaviales, Picramniales, Trochodendrales, Vitales and Zygophyllales. A number of previously unplaced genera and families are included here in orders, greatly reducing the number of unplaced taxa; these include Hydatellaceae (Nymphaeales), Haptanthaceae (Buxales), Peridiscaceae (Saxifragales), Huaceae (Oxalidales), Centroplacaceae and Rafflesiaceae (both Malpighiales), Aphloiaceae, Geissolomataceae and Strasburgeriaceae (all Crossosomatales), Picramniaceae (Picramniales), Dipentodontaceae and Gerrardinaceae (both Huerteales), Cytinaceae (Malvales), Balanophoraceae (Santalales), Mitrastemonaceae (Ericales) and Boraginaceae (now at least known to be a member of lamiid clade). Newly segregated families for genera previously understood to be in other APG-recognized families include Petermanniaceae (Liliales), Calophyllaceae (Malpighiales), Capparaceae and Cleomaceae (both Brassicales), Schoepfiaceae (Santalales), Anacampserotaceae, Limeaceae, Lophiocarpaceae, Montiaceae and Talinaceae (all Caryophyllales) and Linderniaceae and Thomandersiaceae (both Lamiales). Use of bracketed families is abandoned because of its unpopularity, and in most cases the broader circumscriptions are retained; these include Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceace and Xanthorrheaceae (all Asparagales), Passifloraceae (Malpighiales), Primulaceae (Ericales) and several other smaller families. Separate papers in this same volume deal with a new linear order for APG, subfamilial names that can be used for more accurate communication in Amaryllidaceae s.l., Asparagaceace s.l. and Xanthorrheaceae s.l. (all Asparagales) and a formal supraordinal classification for the flowering plants.
Article
Full-text available
A revised taxonomic classification of Phrymaceae down to species level is presented, based on molecular-phylogenetic and morpho-taxonomic studies, setting a framework for ongoing work. In the concept adopted, the family includes 188 species divided into 13 genera. All species as currently understood are listed and assigned to genera and sections which in several cases have new circumscriptions requiring many new combinations. Four main clades are recognized. Clade A. An Asian-African-Australasian-centered clade of 7 genera: Mimulus L. sensu stricto (7 species) of North America, Asia to Africa, and Australasia is sister to an Australian-centered group that comprises Elacholoma (2 species), Glossostigma (5 species), Microcarpaea (2 species), Peplidium (4 species), Uvedalia (2 species) and a new monotypic genus Thyridia, described here. The remaining three clades are largely American, with a few east Asian species. Clade B. Monotypic Phryma forms its own clade. Clade C. Hemichaena (5 species), Mimetanthe (1 species), and Diplacus (46 species). Clade D. Leucocarpus (1 species) and Erythranthe (111 species). A new infrageneric classification is constructed for the two largest genera –– Diplacus with six sections, and Erythranthe with 12. The sessile to subsessile flowers and parietal placentation of Diplacus distinguish it from Erythranthe, which has long-pedicellate flowers and axile placentation. Descriptions are provided for all inframilial, generic, and infrageneric taxa and full synonymies enable a comparison with previous classifications.
Article
Contrary to recurring perceptions that the flora of North America north of Mexico has been fully explored and cataloged, the rate of ongoing discoveries has remained remarkably constant for much of the last century and shows no evidence of tapering off. This is particularly evident in western and southeastern North America, where dramatic new species and occasional monotypic genera are still coming to light, even along highways and near major cities. Furthermore, the same level of ongoing discovery also characterizes other aspects of floristic information, including the distribution of rare species and the occurrence of invasive pest plants. The majority of ongoing discoveries are dependent on individuals and organizations operating outside of academia, with declining opportunities for formal training in floristics or access to scientific expertise when complex situations are encountered. This situation is connected to the perception of floristics as rote data compilation, when it is in fact better understood in the context of a massive attempt to model biodiversity, resulting in an intricate suite of nested hypotheses that are constantly being tested and modified. The incompleteness of our floristic knowledge takes on critical significance in an era when decisions are being made that will irrevocably determine the fate of our national floristic heritage. The cost of this ignorance can cut multiple ways, increasing the risk of misplaced mitigation efforts as well as avoidable loss of irreplaceable biodiversity. Although the magnitude of the task is daunting, significant advances are achievable in a collaborative framework, which would yield a vastly improved floristic knowledge base for informed decision-making.
Article
NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) currently archives over 1.5 petabytes of climatological data from various networks and sources including in-situ, numerical models, radar and satellite. Access to these datasets is evolving from interactive web interfaces utilizing database technology to standardized web services in a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). NCDC is currently offering several web services using Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP), XML over Representational State Transfer (REST/XML), Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Web Map Service (WMS) / Web Feature Service (WFS) / Web Coverage Service (WCS) and OPeNDAP web service protocols. These services offer users a direct connection between their client applications and NCDC data servers. In addition, users may embed access to the services in custom applications to efficiently navigate and subset data in an automated fashion. NCDC currently provides gridded numerical model data through a THREDDS Data Server and GrADS Data Server which offers OPeNDAP and WCS access. In-situ network metadata are available through WMS and WFS while the corresponding time-series data are accessible through SOAP and REST web services. These in-situ services are a part of the Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science (CUAHSI) WaterOneFlow services, a consolidated access system for hydrologic data, and comply with the WaterOneFlow specifications. NCDC's Severe Weather Data Inventory (SWDI), which provides user access to archives of several datasets critical to the detection and evaluation of severe weather, is also accessible through REST/XML services. Providing cataloging, access and search capabilities for many of NCDC's datasets using community driven standards is a top priority for the ever increasing data volumes being archived at NCDC. Providing interoperable access is critical to supporting data stewardship across multiple scientific disciplines and user types. This demonstration will showcase NCDC's latest work towards standardized web services with both server and client examples.
Perennial herb. Scarce, along northwestern base of range near Sunland; restricted to heavy soil on small outcropping of volcanic rock, in grassy opening in mixed chaparral and coastal scrub
  • Stipa Pulchra Hitchc
  • Purple Needlegrass
Stipa pulchra Hitchc., PURPLE NEEDLEGRASS. Perennial herb. Scarce, along northwestern base of range near Sunland; restricted to heavy soil on small outcropping of volcanic rock, in grassy opening in mixed chaparral and coastal scrub. Gross et al. 406, 4 Jun 2001 (RSA).
Scarce, documented by a historic collection near Eagle Rock; apparently a waif derived from pigeon feed. Collected more recently near Flint Peak in the San Rafael Hills, in xeric openings in coastal scrub at the urban-wildland interface
  • L Triticum
  • Annual
  • Common
  • Wheat
*Triticum aestivum L. Annual., COMMON WHEAT. Scarce, documented by a historic collection near Eagle Rock; apparently a waif derived from pigeon feed. Collected more recently near Flint Peak in the San Rafael Hills, in xeric openings in coastal scrub at the urban-wildland interface. Gross 813, 9 Mar 2003 (RSA).
Morong) Graebn., SIMPLE-STEM BUR-REED. Aquatic perennial herb. Scarce
  • Eurycarpum A Typhaceae Sparganium
  • Gray
  • Greenei
TYPHACEAE Sparganium eurycarpum A. Gray var. greenei (Morong) Graebn., SIMPLE-STEM BUR-REED. Aquatic perennial herb. Scarce, documented by a historic collection from near Glendale. Davidson s.n., Aug 1907 (RSA).
An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group III (APG). 2009. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161: 105-121.
The Jepson Manual: Vascular Plants of California
  • B G Baldwin
  • D H Goldman
  • D J Keil
  • R Patterson
  • T J Rosatti
Baldwin, B.G., D.H. Goldman, D.J. Keil, R. Patterson, T.J. Rosatti, and D.H. Wilken. (eds.) 2012. The Jepson Manual: Vascular Plants of California, 2nd ed. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Walnut culture in California
  • L D Batchelor
  • O Braucher
Batchelor, L.D. and O.L Braucher. 1929. Walnut culture in California. Bulletin 379, University of California, College of Agriculture, Agricultural Experiment Station, Berkeley. 112 pp.
  • R M Beauchamp
  • J S Henrickson
Beauchamp, R.M. and J.S. Henrickson. 1996. Baccharis malibuensis R. M. Beauch. & Henr., sp. nov. Aliso 14: 202-203.
California Irrigation Management Information System (CIMIS), Department of Water Resources, Office of Water Use Efficiency
  • D Bramlet
Bramlet, D. 1988. Draft biological survey, Whiting Woods residential project (TT-45577), Glendale, California. Prepared by Harmsworth Associates, Laguna Hills, California. Prepared for Philips Brant Reddick, Irvine, California. California Irrigation Management Information System (CIMIS), Department of Water Resources, Office of Water Use Efficiency. 2013. Online: http:// wwwcimis.water.ca.gov/ (accessed 18 Feb 2013).
Prepared for The City of Los Angeles, Department of City Planning
  • A Christopher
  • Joseph
  • Associates
Christopher A. Joseph & Associates. 2004. Canyon Hills project, final environmental impact report. Prepared by Christopher A. Joseph & Associates, Los Angeles, California. Prepared for The City of Los Angeles, Department of City Planning, Environmental Review Section, Los Angeles, California.
Within the Vale of Annandale: a Picture History of Southwestern Pasadena and Vicinity
  • D W Crocker
Crocker, D.W. 1969. Within the Vale of Annandale: a Picture History of Southwestern Pasadena and Vicinity. Donald W. Crocker, Pasadena, California.
Mt. McGroarty sunrise service untouched by legal questions
  • J Dart
Dart, J. 1992. Mt. McGroarty sunrise service untouched by legal questions. Los Angeles Times 18 April: B6.
Riparian forests and woodlands. Watershed Fall
  • R Depuydt
DePuydt, R. 1996. Riparian forests and woodlands. Watershed Fall. Online: http:// www.fscr.org/html/1996-02.html (accessed 01 Jan 2012).
Geologic map of the Pasadena quadrangle
  • T W Dibblee
  • Jr
Dibblee, T.W., Jr. 1989. Geologic map of the Pasadena quadrangle, Los Angeles County, California. Dibblee Geological Foundation, Santa Barbara, California.
Geologic map of the Sunland and Burbank (north 1/2) quadrangles
  • T W Dibblee
  • Jr
Dibblee, T.W., Jr. 1991. Geologic map of the Sunland and Burbank (north 1/2) quadrangles, Los Angeles County, California. Dibblee Geological Foundation, Santa Barbara, California.
Victory in the Verdugos
  • F Dong
Dong, F. 2003. Victory in the Verdugos. Baldy Eagle 33: 5-6.
Soil Survey of the Pasadena Area
  • E C Eckman
  • C J Zinn
Eckman, E.C. and C.J. Zinn. 1915. Soil Survey of the Pasadena Area, California. Advance Series. U.S. Soil Conservation Service, Washington, District of Columbia. 51 pp.
Prepared by Envicom Corporation, Calabasas, California. Prepared for City of Burbank
Envicom Corporation. 1987. Final environmental impact report, tentative tract 35035, Burbank, California. Prepared by Envicom Corporation, Calabasas, California. Prepared for City of Burbank, Community Development Department, California.
The discontinuous distribution of some plants
  • F Grinnell
  • Jr
Grinnell, F., Jr. 1917. The discontinuous distribution of some plants. Lorquinia 1: 81-82.
District of Columbia
  • L C Holmes
  • E C Eckmann
  • G L Harrington
  • J E Guernsey
  • C J Zinn
Holmes, L.C., E.C. Eckmann, G.L. Harrington, J.E. Guernsey, and C.J. Zinn. 1917. Soil Survey of the San Fernando Valley Area, California. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Soils, Washington, District of Columbia. 61 pp.
State of California, The Resources Agency, Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology
  • C W Jennings
  • R G Strand
Jennings, C.W. and R.G. Strand. 1969. Los Angeles sheet. Geologic map of California, Olaf P. Jenkins ed. State of California, The Resources Agency, Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology, Sacramento.
Jepson eFlora: Summary of Taxa
  • Jepson Herbarium
Jepson Herbarium. 2013. Jepson eFlora: Summary of Taxa. University of California, Berkeley. Online: http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM_stats.html (accessed 08 Apr 2014).
General Geology of Verdugo Mountains. Senior thesis, California Institute of Technology
  • J F Judson
Judson, J. F. 1934. General Geology of Verdugo Mountains. Senior thesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena. 55 pp.
In the Verdugos, a rift over development; home builder has scaled back his plan in an area that's still largely wild. Opponents fear it will start a slow march of houses up the hillsides
  • J M Kennedy
Kennedy, J.M. 2005. In the Verdugos, a rift over development; home builder has scaled back his plan in an area that's still largely wild. Opponents fear it will start a slow march of houses up the hillsides. Los Angeles Times 30 August: B1.
Historic Adobes of Los Angeles County
  • J R Kielbasa
Kielbasa, J.R. 1997. Historic Adobes of Los Angeles County. Dorrance Publishing Company, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania.
Verdugo-San Rafael Urban Mountain Park. Verdugo-San Rafael Chapter
  • B Koploy
  • A Cugley
  • G Day
  • E Polk
  • N Carson
  • J Conway
Koploy, B., A. Cugley, G. Day, E. Polk, N. Carson, and J. Conway. 1979. Verdugo-San Rafael Urban Mountain Park. Verdugo-San Rafael Chapter, Small Wilderness Area Preservation, Glendale, California.
Gift of land sways council 221-home Verdugo Hills project approved
  • D Laidman
Laidman, D. 2005. Gift of land sways council 221-home Verdugo Hills project approved. Daily News, Los Angeles, California, 20 October: N4.
80 acres added to park in Verdugos
  • R.-G Lin
Lin, R.-G. 2007. 80 acres added to park in Verdugos. Los Angeles Times 25 February. Online: http://articles.latimes.com/2007/feb/25/local/me-park25 (accessed 01 Dec 2009).
News and notes: Fay A. MacFadden
  • J A Mccleary
  • M Waner
McCleary, J.A. and M. Waner. 1969. News and notes: Fay A. MacFadden. Bryologist 72: 272-273.
Wildwood Canyon calls city dwellers in growing numbers discover hills of Burbank
  • M Mccorney
McCorney, M. 2003. Wildwood Canyon calls city dwellers in growing numbers discover hills of Burbank. Daily News, Los Angeles, California, 9 March: N3.
Hidden mountain hiking near downtown L.A
  • J Mckinney
McKinney, J. 1991. Hidden mountain hiking near downtown L.A. Los Angeles Times 15 September: 13.
La Cañada Flintridge keeps its focus on trails
  • J Mckinney
McKinney, J. 2000. La Cañada Flintridge keeps its focus on trails. Los Angeles Times 5 November: L14.
Ecological subregions of California: section and subsection descriptions
  • S R Miles
  • C B Goudey
Miles, S.R. and C.B. Goudey. 1997. Ecological subregions of California: section and subsection descriptions. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region, San Francisco, California. Publication R5-EM-TP-005, 211 p.
A Flora of the San Gabriel Mountains
  • O Mistretta
Mistretta, O. (in prep). A Flora of the San Gabriel Mountains. Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont, California.
Glendale Area History
  • E C Perry
  • C W Parcher
Perry, E.C. and C.W. Parcher. 1974. Glendale Area History. James W. Anderson, Glendale, California.
Illustrated Guide to the Oaks of the Southern Californian Floristic Province: the Oaks of Coastal Southern California and Northas a post-fire annual in chaparral
  • F M Roberts
  • Jr
Roberts, F.M., Jr. 1995. Illustrated Guide to the Oaks of the Southern Californian Floristic Province: the Oaks of Coastal Southern California and Northas a post-fire annual in chaparral. Soza & Moore 853, 10 May 2000 (RSA).
Scarce, on northern flank of the range in La Tuna Canyon, on ridgetop in small area of reddish clay substrate within chaparral opening
  • Cleveland's Cryptantha Clevelandii Greene
  • Cryptantha
  • Annual
Cryptantha clevelandii Greene, CLEVELAND'S CRYPTANTHA. Annual. Scarce, on northern flank of the range in La Tuna Canyon, on ridgetop in small area of reddish clay substrate within chaparral opening. Gross et al. 243, 8 Jun 2000 (RSA).
Occasional on slopes, ridges, and alluvial benches throughout the range, in xeric openings in chaparral and coastal scrub, and especially following fire
Cryptantha muricata (Hook. & Arn.) A. Nelson & J. F. Macbr., POINTED CRYPTANTHA. Annual. Occasional on slopes, ridges, and alluvial benches throughout the range, in xeric openings in chaparral and coastal scrub, and especially following fire. Gross & Moore 224, 5 Jun 2000 (RSA).
Small shrub. Scarce, although locally common where present, in northern San Rafael Hills, planted along road and naturalizing on adjacent northwesterly slopes, in burned chaparral and coastal scrub; flowers varied from white to lavender, pale blue, and dark blue
  • L F Echium
  • Pride
  • Madeira
*Echium candicans L. f., PRIDE OF MADEIRA. Small shrub. Scarce, although locally common where present, in northern San Rafael Hills, planted along road and naturalizing on adjacent northwesterly slopes, in burned chaparral and coastal scrub; flowers varied from white to lavender, pale blue, and dark blue. Gross 1211, 19 Mar 2004 (RSA).
Annual. Occasional on slopes and ridges throughout the range, in openings in chaparral and coastal scrub, and more frequent as a post-fire species in these habitats
  • Whispering Emmenanthe Penduliflora Benth. Var. Penduliflora
  • Bells
Emmenanthe penduliflora Benth. var. penduliflora, WHISPERING BELLS. Annual. Occasional on slopes and ridges throughout the range, in openings in chaparral and coastal scrub, and more frequent as a post-fire species in these habitats. Soza & Moore 848, 10 May 2000 (RSA).
Large shrub. Occasional on slopes and alluvial benches at scattered sites across the range, generally in chaparral and coastal scrub, usually in deep or sandy soils, and sometimes forming extensive stands, especially following fire
  • Eriodictyon Crassifolium Benth
  • Brand
  • Yerba Thickleaf
  • Santa
Eriodictyon crassifolium Benth. var. nigrescens Brand, THICKLEAF YERBA SANTA. Large shrub. Occasional on slopes and alluvial benches at scattered sites across the range, generally in chaparral and coastal scrub, usually in deep or sandy soils, and sometimes forming extensive stands, especially following fire. Soza & Moore 836, 10 May 2000 (RSA).
Common and widespread on slopes, ridges, and alluvial benches throughout the range, generally in openings in chaparral and coastal scrub, but tolerant of shade in oak woodlands; especially frequent as a post-fire species
Eucrypta chrysanthemifolia (Benth.) Greene var. chrysanthemifolia, SPOTTED HIDESEED. Annual. Common and widespread on slopes, ridges, and alluvial benches throughout the range, generally in openings in chaparral and coastal scrub, but tolerant of shade in oak woodlands; especially frequent as a post-fire species. Moore et al. 43, 8 Jun 2000 (RSA).
Perennial herb. Scarce, documented by a historic collection from La Tuna Canyon. MacFadden 11073
  • Canaigre Rumex Hymenosepalus Torr
Rumex hymenosepalus Torr., CANAIGRE. Perennial herb. Scarce, documented by a historic collection from La Tuna Canyon. MacFadden 11073, Apr 1933 (RSA).
Scarce, documented by historic collections from San Rafael Hills, presumably in heavy soil
  • Primulaceae Dodecatheon Clevelandii Greene Subsp. Clevelandii
  • Padre's Shooting-Star
  • Geophyte
PRIMULACEAE Dodecatheon clevelandii Greene subsp. clevelandii, PADRE'S SHOOTING-STAR. Geophyte. Scarce, documented by historic collections from San Rafael Hills, presumably in heavy soil. Webb s.n., 16 Feb 1935 (RSA).