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Fossil dicot wood names: An annotated list with full bibliography
... The literature is awash with reports of fossil Lauraceae dating back to mid-1800s with woods ranging in age from the late Cretaceous through the Cenozoic (see list in Gregory et al., 2009). Of those, among the most important is the critical review and summary by Dupéron-Laudoueneix and Dupéron (2005). ...
... Comparisons with fossil woods-Probably because of a combination of original abundance in ancient landscapes, resistance to decay, and ease of recognition, reports of fossil Quercoideae woods, especially oaks, are common (see Gregory et al. 2009). At the nearby Post Hammer locality (UF 279), there are three Quercoideae woods, two Lithocarpoxylon (Petrescu) emend. ...
... Comparisons with fossil woods-We only know of five reports of fossil woods suggested to be related to Aesculus (Gregory et al. 2009). There are three Miocene woods that we consider reliably assigned to Aesculus: A. hankinsii Prakash and Barghoorn (1961) from Washington, USA; A. mioxyla Suzuki and Terada (1996) from Japan; Aesculus sp. from Korea (Jeong et al. 2004). ...
... The fossil woods were classified by consulting the classical bibliography and descriptions of extant and fossil plants (e.g., Metcalfe and Chalk, 1950;Cozzo, 1951;Tortorelli, 1956;Müller-Stoll and Mädel, 1967;Baretta-Kuipers, 1981;Gasson et al., 2003;Gregory, 1994;Espinoza de Pernía and Melandri, 2006). The catalog of fossil dicot wood names of Gregory et al. (2009), the digital collection of the InsideWood database (2004-onwards), and the Banco de Dados da Flora Brasileira (JBRJ-Jabot, 2020) were used to compare the fossil and extant woods. The systematic classification of the superfamily follows the AGP IV proposals Chase et al. (2016) and the subfamilies of the LPWG (2017). ...
... The fossil record of Leguminosae woods is more extensive than that of any other angiosperm family. There are more than 60 records in South America, ranging from the Paleocene to the Pleistocene (Gregory et al., 2009;Pujana et al., 2011Pujana et al., , 2014Ramos et al., 2014;Martínez, 2014;Kloster et al., 2015;Franco and Brea, 2013;Moya and Brea, 2015). As Goniorrhachisinoxylon shares features related to the Detarioideae, our comparison is limited to those fossils that were traditionally classified as Caesalpinoinds, excluding those related to the Mimosoid clade and the Papilionoid subfamily. ...
... To establish the new genus, it was necessary to review of the genera of Leguminosae fossil woods (see Appendix 1), which have traditionally classified as "Caesalpinoid" in the literature, most of which are included by Müller-Stoll et Müller-Stoll and Mädel (1967) and Gregory et al. (2009). ...
A new genus and species of Leguminosae wood has been discovered and described from the Upper Oligocene in Northeast Brazil. The well-preserved tissues and unique diagnostic characters allowed for its assignment to Goniorrhachisinoxylon sergioarchangelskii nov. gen. et sp. (Detarioideae). Leguminosae woods have a rich fossil record, and in order to establish this new genus and species, detailed comparisons were made among the living subfamilies Cercidoideae, Detarioideae, Duparquetioideae, Dialioideae, and Caesalpinioideae, and a revision of the generic diagnoses of caesalpiniod fossil woods (except the Mimosoid clade) was conducted. By examining the presence of some wood characters and using modern related forms, it was inferred that seasonal (possibly monsoonal) palaeoclimatic conditions existed in Northeast Brazil at the end of the Oligocene. This new record from the Boa Vista Basin can contribute to our understanding of the origin and distribution of some members of the Leguminosae.
... Looking for fossil taxa with storied rays is also hampered by some nomenclatural issues. Many of the species that are supposed to have storied rays (because the generic diagnosis mentions it) were not validly published (e.g., Awasthi 1965;Gregory et al. 2009) or were synonymized to other genera (e.g., Ramanujam 1960;Gregory et al. 2009). There are also some problematic genera like Millettioxylon, described by Awasthi (1967) but without a diagnosis until some years later (Awasthi 1975). ...
... Looking for fossil taxa with storied rays is also hampered by some nomenclatural issues. Many of the species that are supposed to have storied rays (because the generic diagnosis mentions it) were not validly published (e.g., Awasthi 1965;Gregory et al. 2009) or were synonymized to other genera (e.g., Ramanujam 1960;Gregory et al. 2009). There are also some problematic genera like Millettioxylon, described by Awasthi (1967) but without a diagnosis until some years later (Awasthi 1975). ...
... Guleria (2000); Gregory et al. (2009); Woodcock et al. 1974a); Gregory et al. (2009); Songtham et al. diagnosis, description ofGupta (1936) non-storied. Some species have storied raysGupta (1936);Gregory et al. (2009) ...
The storied structure in wood anatomy is considered derived and highly specialized, and is present in some related families. The first records of this character are from the Cretaceous, but it is scarce in the Cretaceous and Paleocene, and apparently absent until the Eocene in the temperate Southern Hemisphere. Using standard methodology, we describe the anatomy of a fossil wood from the early Paleocene of Patagonia (Salamanca Formation). The fossil wood, assigned to a new genus and species Elizabethiaxylon patagonicum related to the Malvaceae, is characterized by its diffuse-porous wood, solitary vessels, simple perforation plates, apotracheal banded axial parenchyma, and mostly biseriate storied rays. The storied structure in this wood is one of the oldest records from Gondwana.
... Our fossil sample also shares some diagnostic features (mostly, rays with procumbent cells and square cells mixed in the rays with one row of upright cells, intervessels pits vestured, druses in chambered parenchyma and crystals in rays) with Terminalioxylon G. Schönfeld 1947, a palaeobotanical taxon of worldwide distribution recorded with more than 60 fossil species described from the Eocene to the Miocene (Gregory et al., 2009). There are 11 examples from North Africa (Boureau, 1955;Duperon-Laudoueneix, 1973;Mädel-Angeliewa and Müller-Stoll, 1973;Fessler-Vrolant, 1978;El-Saadawi et al., 2013). ...
... In Africa, Albizia has been reported as fossil wood in post Miocene deposits from Djerem Basin, Cameroon (Dupéron-Laudoueneix, 1991) and from Zaire (Bande et al., 1987;Gregory et al., 2009). A total of 140 modern species of Albizia are now distributed over the African tropical regions from the Sahelian zone to the dense forest (Normand and Paquis, 1976). ...
... Our fossil sample also shares some diagnostic features (mostly, rays with procumbent cells and square cells mixed in the rays with one row of upright cells, intervessels pits vestured, druses in chambered parenchyma and crystals in rays) with Terminalioxylon G. Schönfeld 1947, a palaeobotanical taxon of worldwide distribution recorded with more than 60 fossil species described from the Eocene to the Miocene (Gregory et al., 2009). There are 11 examples from North Africa (Boureau, 1955;Duperon-Laudoueneix, 1973;Mädel-Angeliewa and Müller-Stoll, 1973;Fessler-Vrolant, 1978;El-Saadawi et al., 2013). ...
... In Africa, Albizia has been reported as fossil wood in post Miocene deposits from Djerem Basin, Cameroon (Dupéron-Laudoueneix, 1991) and from Zaire (Bande et al., 1987;Gregory et al., 2009). A total of 140 modern species of Albizia are now distributed over the African tropical regions from the Sahelian zone to the dense forest (Normand and Paquis, 1976). ...
... All of the observed features, i.e., diffuse porosity, small vessels, solitary or in short multiples, with scalariform perforation plates, and wide homocellular rays, fit well the family Platanaceae (Metcalfe and Chalk, 1950), fossil genus Platanoxylon (Süss and Müller-Stoll, 1977). More specific determination when compared to >10 described species (Gregory et al., 2009) is impossible due to poor preservation. ...
Mineralization of fossil woods with unusual mineral phases remains an underconstrained process despite its relatively common occurrences. Aside from common mineralization agents such as silica or carbonates, there are also atypical mineralization associations, such as zeolite-group phases, but the zeolitization process has not yet been investigated in detail. We studied zeolitized woods collected from two localities in the Cenozoic alkaline České Středohoří Volcanic Complex (Ohře Rift, Czech Republic), where fossil woods of diverse paleobotanical classification were deposited in volcaniclastic rocks of the same origin (lahar) and stratigraphic formation (Upper Oligocene). The identical geological setting allowed the investigation of potential variables influencing this type of mineralization by combining paleobotanical classification, detailed mineralogy, mineral chemistry, geochemistry, Sr isotope analysis and Ksingle bondAr chronology.
The new results demonstrate the significant potential of fossil woods mineralized with zeolite-group minerals to be used to reconstruct the formation and deposition conditions of the lahars in which these woods are contained. The composition of zeolites is strongly dependent on thermal conditions and material exchange between wood and host rocks. Dominant mineral phases are phillipsite and chabazite in variable proportions. The phillipsite/chabazite ratio correlates well with the magnitude of the Eu anomaly, suggesting crystallization of phillipsite at a higher temperature under hot-lahar conditions of deposition. Chabazite lacking an Eu anomaly represents the later, colder mineralization stage. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios ranging 0.7042–0.7047 provide an additional line of evidence of fluid derivation from volcaniclastic deposits of the Upper Oligocene Děčín Fm.
... nov. Remarks: Regarding fossil wood identification from Oleaceae, Fraxinoxylon, Oleoxylon, Ornoxylon and Schreberoxylon were described (Gregory et al., 2009). From these, Fraxinoxylon is a ring porous wood (e.g. ...
Angiosperm fossil woods of putative Eocene age from Corcovado, Chubut Province are described. They are placed in four taxonomic units: Weinmannioxylon trichospermoides and cf. Caldcluvioxylon of the Cunoniaceae, Myrceugenellites maytenoides of the Myrtaceae, and Nothofagoxylon ruei of the Nothofagaceae. The taxa in the assemblage are in accordance with similar fossil wood assemblages previously described from the Eocene and Oligocene of Patagonia. All the taxa are anatomically similar to trees that live today in Patagonia. Some of the woods show decay patterns by different saproxylic organisms. These include arthropod borings with coprolites and fungal remains in fungi-decayed tissues that are consistent with an active saproxylic community involved in the recycling of wood in the depositional paleoenvironment.
A petrified wood resembling the modern wood of Mammea africana Sabine is described from the Oligocene Gebel Ahmer Formation from Egypt. The fossil wood is attributed to Mammeoxylon lanneoides Lemoigne according to the xylotomical homologies with the species recorded previously from Ethiopia. The wood anatomy observed in the fossil specimen, along with the climatic information available from the Nearest Living Relative comparison, suggests a tropical humid climate at the site of growth. This is the oldest record of Mammeoxylon Lemoigne in Africa, which contributes towards the understanding of the origin and paleo-dispersal pathways of the genus. A list of 46 Egyptian Oligocene wood species attributed to 11 families is also given.
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