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Fossil dicot wood names: An annotated list with full bibliography
... To our knowledge, four genera have been described for fossil oleaceous wood (Gregory et al. 2009), Ornoxylon (Felix 1882 emend. Süss 2005), Fraxinoxylon (Hofmann 1928), Oleoxylon (Duperon 1973emend. ...
... Srivastava et al. 2015 and Schreberoxylon (Trivedi & Srivastava 1982). Most frequent are records of the Fraxinus-type wood (Fraxinoxylon, Hofmann 1928); see e.g., Wheeler & Manchester (2002), Dolezych & Schneider (2006), Gregory et al. (2009), Iamandei et al. (2011), Akkemik (2021 resp. Ornoxylon (Felix 1882 emend. ...
A splinter of charred wood was recovered from late Early Eocene volcanoclastic deposits underlying the lacustrine succession of the Messel-pit near Darmstadt (Hesse, Germany). Well-preserved anatomical details due to charring allow for an attribution of the splinter to the Oleaceae family. Within Oleaceae, the wood shows good agreement with the anatomical structure of recent members of the genera Olea , Chionanthus and Noronhia . However, due to the high variability of structural features within this group of genera, a reliable taxonomic placement is restricted to the monophyletic drupaceous subtribe Oleinae. The Splinter was cut loose from a tree of the local vegetation and charred by effects of the respective phreatomagmatic eruption, even under a low-fire regime. The specimen represents a rare example of a Pre-Quarternary wood that can be related directly to a radiometric age of 48.27–48.11 Ma (±0.22 Ma).
... Examples of this form genus have been reported from various geological periods and locations, including Peltophoroxylon diversiradii S.E. Allen from the latest early Eocene of USA (Allen, 2017), several species from the Miocene of India (Bande and Prakash, 1980;Awasthi, 1992;Inside Wood, 2004;Gregory et al., 2009), and Peltophoroxylon uruguayensis Ramos, Brea et Pardo from the late Pleistocene of Argentina (Ramos et al., 2014). However, the extant genera Cassia, Peltophorum, and Xylia are not closely related in the current systematic classifications. ...
Peltophorum (Fabaceae, Caesalpinioideae) is a pantropically distributed deciduous tree, whose biogeographic origin and development remain unclear due to limited fossil records. As the only genus with Asian distribution in its tribe, Peltophorum's fossil records from Asia are crucial for understanding its biogeographic history. In this study, a new species, Peltophorum xingjianii Y.S. Zhao, T.X. Wang et J. Huang sp. nov. is established based on well-preserved pods from the lower Miocene Sanhaogou Formation of Jinggu Basin, Yunnan, southwestern China. The fossil pods exhibit a unique morphological combination, including oblong shape, distinct and uniform V-shape valve venation, and rhombic seed chambers. The nearest living relative is P. pterocarpum, a species currently distributed from Southeast Asia to northern Oceania. This discovery represents the oldest known Peltophorum fossil record, indicating the genus's presence in low-latitude East Asia since at least the early Miocene. This finding, along with other fossil plants from the same basin, points to a tropical paleoenvironment in the early Miocene of Jinggu Basin.
... The systematic assignment is based on the classification of APG IV (2016). The bibliographic lists by Gregory (1994) and Gregory et al. (2009) were used. ...
The Myrtaceae family is predominantly distributed in the Southern Hemisphere, in particular in Australia and South America. This study describes two fossil woods with distinctive Myrtaceae anatomy from the Late Miocene of South America. The specimens were preserved by siliceous cellular permineralization. The anatomic features of Uruguayanoxylon ragoneseae sp. nov. and U ruguayanoxylon aff. striata Bolzon & Cardoso Marchiori 2002, were described in detail. Uruguaianoxylon ragoneseae sp. nov. shows strong similarities to Myrcia DC. ex Guill., while Uruguaianoxylon aff. striata is more closely related to Blepharocalyx salicifolius (Kunth) O. Ber. The presence of Myrtaceae fossil woods in the Miocene sediments of Entre Ríos, Argentina, expands our understanding of their evolutionary history and palaeobiogeography, indicating wider historical distributions potentially linked to humid or seasonally dry tropical and subtropical forests. These results underline the significant climatic and environmental changes that have occurred since the Miocene and have influenced the distribution and diversity of Myrtaceae species. Also, their remarkable ability to adapt to different humid conditions. This study provides new insights into the taxonomic composition of the palaeoflora in the Ituzaingó Formation from Entre Ríos Province, Argentina.
... The terminology used in the present study was taken from IAWA List of Microscopic Features for Hardwood Identification (IAWA Committee, 1989;Carlquist, 2001;Kribs, 1935;Boureau, 1957;Tortorelli, 2009;Cozzo, 1964), and the standard classifications of Chattaway (1932) and Avise and Johns (1999). The catalogue of Gregory et al. (2009) on the genera and fossil species of magnoliopsids was used. The APG IV system of flowering plant classification (Chase et al., 2016) were followed. ...
The concept of seasonal forests groups structural types of vegetation that are related to climatic seasonality in the tropics of South America. Consequently, this determines the physiognomy of the vegetation, from semi‐deciduous to strongly deciduous. The strongest link between seasonally dry tropical forests (SDTFs) is their floristic composition, where Leguminosae and Anacardiaceae dominate the woody flora. The fossil records of the Neogene of northwestern Argentina reveal a list of species found in various locations and formations of the Miocene–Lower Pleistocene obtained from studies of pollen, woods (logs), cuticles, impressions of leaves and fruits. The analysis of sediments and woody structures from the Tapebicuá, Toropí/Yupoí and El Palmar Formations (Upper Pleistocene) of the Mesopotamia region allowed us to identify several pollen taxa and silicified wood fragments (mineralized). The woody and shrubby association whose current relatives characterize the SDTF is composed of the 16 fossil species described here belonging to seven families. In our samples, Anadenanthera colubrina and Myracrodruon balansae are the most significant members of the families Leguminosae and Anacardiaceae, which are dominant in the SDTF. The paleobotanical species described in this study confirm the extension of the SDTF to the province of Corrientes, coinciding with various climatic events (dry subtropical, semi‐desert and warm‐humid climate) that would have favored the development of these forests during the Pleistocene in this region. The absolute dates obtained for the Toropí/Yupoí and Tapebicuá Formations confirm their synchronicity and correlation to Marine Isotope Stage 5. The palynological analysis, the presence of Menendoxylon and the sedimentological data allow us to infer the existence of a seasonally dry humid paleoclimate in northeastern Argentina during the Late Pleistocene favorable to the development of the SDTF.
... The terminology used in the present study was taken from IAWA List of Microscopic Features for Hardwood Identification (IAWA Committee, 1989;Carlquist, 2001;Kribs, 1935;Boureau, 1957;Tortorelli, 2009;Cozzo, 1964), and the standard classifications of Chattaway (1932) and Avise and Johns (1999). The catalogue of Gregory et al. (2009) on the genera and fossil species of magnoliopsids was used. The APG IV system of flowering plant classification (Chase et al., 2016) were followed. ...
... Several anacardiaceous fossil woods have been des cribed from different geological epochs in the world. Some features such as the occurrence of distinct growth ring boundaries, axial parenchyma pattern or ray composition, and radial canals, differ the two woods reported herein (e.g., Kruse 1954, Awasthi 1966, Poole & Davies 2001, Wheeler & Manchester 2002, Martínez-Cabrera & Cevallos-Ferriz 2004, Gregory et al. 2009, Rodríguez-Reyes et al. 2021. In Table 2 we compare the new genus fossil described herein with other selected taxa resulting from several searches in the IWD and a review of the wood anatomical literature. ...
We describe a new fossil wood genus of Anacardiaceae with two species from the Tepetate Formation (upper Eocene),
Baja California Sur State, Mexico. The first species has distinct growth ring boundaries, vessels solitary and in radial
multiples; alternate intervessel pitting, and the vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders. Its other features
are: non-septate and septate fibers, axial parenchyma rare, and rays mostly uniseriate except for those with radial
canals. The second species has distinct growth ring boundaries, vessels solitary and in radial multiples (a higher
percentage of solitary vessels than the first species), vessel-ray pits with a horizontal to round shape, all fibers nonseptate,
vasicentric axial parenchyma, heterocellular rays and radial canals in some multiseriate rays. The diagnostic
traits in both woods allow us to erect in a new fossil genus, Pericuxylon with two species in the Anacardiaceae family.
The occurrence of Anacardiaceae in the late Eocene of southern Baja California Sur confirms its long geological
history and importance in forests of northern Mexico. • Key words: Baja California Peninsula, eudicots, fossil woods,
Sapindales.
Se describen dos maderas silicificadas de Fabaceae (=Leguminosae) provenientes de la localidad Termas de Río Hondo (Santiago del Estero) donde aflora la Formación Las Cañas (Plioceno). Gleditsioxylon fiambalense y Prosopisinoxylon anciborae por primera vez se registran para esta Formación. La primera especie se distingue por poseer vasos solitarios, en series radiales múltiples y escasos agrupados, parénquima axial paratraqueal vasicéntrico a confluente, parénquima apotraqueal difuso y engrosamientos helicoidales. Gleditsioxylon fue documentado en formaciones neógenas de Catamarca, Tucumán, La Rioja y Entre Ríos (Argentina) y en el Terciario de Montana, Washington (USA), Japón y China. P. anciborae se caracteriza por presentar vasos con dos clases de diámetros, solitarios, en múltiples radiales y agrupados. Parénquima axial vasicéntrico, aliforme, confluente a bandeado. Prosopisinoxylon fue descripto también para el Neógeno Catamarca, Entre Ríos y La Rioja. Estos taxones comparten la presencia de porosidad difusa, parénquima septado con cristales romboidales, radios homocelulares con células procumbentes, punteaduras alternas y ornadas, y placas de perforación simples. Los componentes de esta xilotafoflora permiten inferir que habitaban en un bosque en galería con clima subtropical. Este aporte suma otros dos taxones a la ya conocida lignoflora de esta Formación compuesta por una Vitaceae y Fabaceae de los géneros Amburanaxylon, Paraalbizioxylon y Menendoxylon.
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