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Myofascial Release for Athletic Trainers, Part I: Theory and Session Guidelines
Abstract
Myofascial release is a manual therapy that addresses musculoskeletal concerns. Often successful where other therapies fail, it is easily adapted to the field or athletic training room. In the next issue, we will look at how to perform general myofascial techniques.
... 20 This change in state allows for the breaking apart of fibrous adhesions between the different layers of the fascia and restores the soft tissue extensibility. 21 As fascia is disturbed, or begins to move, it becomes more fluid and less viscous, therefore, techniques of myofascial release are theorized to address muscular involvement and the thixotropic nature of fascia to return it to a softer and more pliable state. 21 By releasing its tightness through manual therapy or other techniques, pressure is relieved on these areas and blood circulation becomes normal. ...
... 21 As fascia is disturbed, or begins to move, it becomes more fluid and less viscous, therefore, techniques of myofascial release are theorized to address muscular involvement and the thixotropic nature of fascia to return it to a softer and more pliable state. 21 By releasing its tightness through manual therapy or other techniques, pressure is relieved on these areas and blood circulation becomes normal. 22 Fascia is heavily innervated by sensory mechanoreceptors that when stimulated with manual pressure has shown to lead to a lowering of sympathetic tonus as well as a change in local tissue viscosity. ...
... 20 The friction causes the fascia to warm and take a more fluid like form, which in turn breaks up the fibrous adhesions that lay between the layers of connective tissue. 21 It is hypothesized that during the rolling, direct sweeping pressure is exerted on the soft tissue lengthening the fascia to stretch and increase ROM. 20 Studies have demonstrated improvements in quadriceps flexibility by 10° after two, one-minute changes in hamstring flexibility after cupping in asymptomatic or healthy individuals. ...
Background:
Myofascial decompression (MFD), or cupping, and self-myofascial release (SMR) are common techniques utilized to treat soft tissue injuries and increase flexibility. MFD is a negative pressure soft tissue treatment technique using suction to manipulate the skin and underlying soft tissues. One method of SMR is a foam roller, where a patient rolls his/her bodyweight over a dense foam cylinder in a self-massaging fashion to mobilize soft tissues for the body part treated.
Hypothesis/purpose:
The purpose of this investigation was to examine the acute effects on hamstring flexibility and patient-rated outcome measures comparing two soft tissue treatments, 1) MFD, and 2) a moist heat pack with SMR using a foam roller in patients with diagnosed hamstring pathology.
Study design:
Pilot randomized controlled trial study.
Methods:
Seventeen collegiate athletes [13 males (20.6+/- years; 184.9+/-cm; 90.8+/-kg) and 4 females (20.5+/-years; 167.1+/-cm; 62.7+/-kg)] with diagnosed hamstring pathology (mild strain and/or symptoms of tightness, pain, decreased strength, and decreased flexibility) were randomly assigned to receive MFD or SMR. The MFD group (n = 9) received three minutes of static treatment using six plastic-valve suction cups along the hamstrings followed by 20 repetitions of active movement with cups in place. SMR (n = 8) received 10 minutes of heat treatment over the hamstrings followed by 60 seconds of general mobilization over the entire hamstring area, and 90 seconds of targeted foam rolling on the area of most perceived tightness. Passive hamstring flexibility (ROM) and a patient-rated outcome measure [Perceived Functional Ability Questionnaire (PFAQ)] were assessed before and immediately after treatment. The Global Rating of Change measure (GROC) was administered post-intervention.
Results:
Passive ROM and subjective PFAQ measures for overall flexibility and flexibility of the hamstrings were significantly different from pre- to post-intervention measurements regardless of the treatment received. A significant difference was found in favor of the MFD group for the GROC values.
Conclusion:
The findings suggest that both treatments are beneficial in increasing hamstring length. Patients though felt an enhanced treatment effect using MFD over SMR for perceived benefits to hamstring flexibility.
Levels of evidence:
Level 2.
... In addition, our practice model may not have sufficiently activated the thixotropic characteristics of fascia. The friction generated from the undulations causes warming of the fascia, promoting the fascia to take on a more fluid-like form (known as the thixotropic property of the fascia), breaking up fibrous adhesions between the layers of fascia and restoring soft-tissue extensibility (36). The evidence that soft FRs could not contribute sufficiently to the acute development of flexibility is also supported by Miller and Rockey (31). ...
... Formation and duration of mechanical stress is thought to be the most significant factor in soft-tissue compatibility (29). In addition to the recommendation to use FRs for up to 5 minutes as a general guide (29), a roller massager or an FR applied for 20 seconds, 30 seconds, 1 minute or 2 minutes might have been an active factor affecting ROM results (36). Sullivan et al. (38) suggested increasing the practice duration to achieve a statistical increase in ROM. ...
... The effective mechanism of FR use seen in ROM increases can be explained with the friction in the rotational movement performed during practice, the increase in the temperature caused by such friction, and the increase in the liquidity in that area (34). Studies report that the adhesion between the tendons is divided into different tissue layers and it can repair the tissue for extension (36). If the effectiveness of FRs is a result of the increase in tissue extension, it is hypothesized that it can increase the extensibility in muscular tendon units. ...
Background: Foam rolling (FR) has been developed as a popular intervention, however the acute effect of muscular and range of motion (ROM) function using a FR is unknown in young taekwondo players.
Objective: This study examined the acute effects of multiple (lower extremity and back part of the body) FR exercises on joint ROM and vertical jump performance in taekwondo athletes.
Methods: Nineteen (age: 13.21 ± 0.85 years) black-belt taekwondo athletes (nmale = 13; nfemale = 6), volunteered to participate of this study. Anthropometric measurements, Passive Straight-Leg Raise Test (PSLR) on each limb and vertical jump tests were performed on the first measurement day. In the second day, following a common warm-up model, participants performed FR exercises on five areas (erector spinae, iliotibial band, hamstrings, quadriceps, and calves) for three minutes (30 seconds/1 set for each area). The tests were administered to all participants again by swapping over on the third day. A Two-Way and Three-Way ANOVA Repeated Measures tests were performed.
Results: It was not observed any significant interaction between the three factors (time, side, or gender) and PSLR-ROM degrees of dominant and non-dominant legs (p>0.05). There were observed significant differences between the pre-and post-test measurements in the vertical jump height (+13.02%) and jump power (+5.23%) performance after FR exercises. Conclusion: Multiple FR exercises did not acute affect PSLR-ROM in taekwondo athletes. FR exercises may be effective within warm-up protocols and seems to be an efficient strategy to promote acute improvements in vertical jump performance in a short time period.
Key words: myofascial release, range of motion, hamstrings muscles, power performance, taekwondo
... MS leads to occurrence of focal lesions in the gray and white matter and to diffuse neurodegeneration in the entire brain and spinal cord [11]. The typical clinical features of MS are episodes of neurological disability [11,27]. The relapsing and remitting episodes of neurological disability in MS reflect this pathological hallmark [2,11]. ...
... Myofascial release is a massage technique that focuses on soft tissue that is tight or in spasm [27]. MFR are known as gentle and tolerable techniques and different types of myofascial techniques have been identified in previous studies, such as soft tissue mobilization, trigger point stimulation, etc. [26,27]. ...
... Myofascial release is a massage technique that focuses on soft tissue that is tight or in spasm [27]. MFR are known as gentle and tolerable techniques and different types of myofascial techniques have been identified in previous studies, such as soft tissue mobilization, trigger point stimulation, etc. [26,27]. Although there have been some studies investigating the effectiveness of MFR on hypertonus [26], there has been no study investigating the effects of MFR on spasticity in individuals with MS. ...
Study aim : It is important for therapists to incorporate new practical methods into therapy programs when they have demonstrable efficacy in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Investigating the acute effects of myofascial release techniques (MFR) and passive stretching (PS) on hind foot loading and the severity of spasticity in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) was the aim of the study.
Material and methods : Following the initial evaluation, 10 participants with MS (n = 20 feet) were given MFR for the plantar flexor muscle group. After the day following the first visit, participants were asked to come again and PS was applied to the plantar flexor muscle groups after the evaluation. The severity of spasticity was assessed with the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS). Dynamic loading parameters of the hind foot – medial and lateral maximum pressure (N/cm ² ), active contact areas (cm ² ), contact percentiles (%) – were evaluated with dynamic pedobarography. Participants of the study were evaluated four times: (1) at the initial evaluation, (2) after MFR application, (3) 24 hours after the initial evaluation (pre-PS), (4) after PS.
Results : There were no differences in MAS (p > 0.05) according to time-dependent analyses (p > 0.05). After MFR, the maximum pressure of the medial heel and active contact area were increased (p < 0.05) and there was a carryover effect on the maximum pressure of the right foot.
Conclusions : This study showed that MFR was an effective method for management of plantar flexor spasticity in patients with multiple sclerosis in the short term and there was a carryover effect in favor of MFR. There was no additional effect of PS.
... This may be due to the fact that vibrating foam roller involved in great deal of deep muscular penetration than that of other two modes of warm-up exercises. This result is supported by [22] which was conducted on hamstring flexibility in asymptomatic individuals. This finding is also consistent with that of a preceding study, in which self-myofascial exercises has positive effect on hamstring flexibility [22], [23]. ...
... This result is supported by [22] which was conducted on hamstring flexibility in asymptomatic individuals. This finding is also consistent with that of a preceding study, in which self-myofascial exercises has positive effect on hamstring flexibility [22], [23]. Overall, our results represented the significant relationship between vibrating rolling exercises on flexibility. ...
... Foam Rollers are applications that are applied to a certain part of the body to increase flexibility and relaxation, and by putting pressure on the tissue there, blood circulation occurs, thus increasing the temperature in the fascia. Rolling applications allow removing knots in the fascia layers and regaining the elasticity of the tissues in that areaApplications made with foam roller it has been proven in many studies that it has effects such as increasing flexibility and joint movement and ensuring fascia mobility (15)(16)(17). Various foam roller models are available that differ in density, shape and surface texture. These differences may lead to different effects on myofascial tissue during treatment. ...
... It may also cause ROM changes as a result of a combination of other mechanisms (15,18,29,30). The most common theory used to explain increased ROM with myofascial release is the thixotropic property of fascia (16). This theory explains that when fascia is not subjected to any pressure, it is more viscous and takes on a stiffer form, which can restrict movement. ...
It was aimed to examine the acute effects of the use of foam roller models of different densities on hamstring muscle stiffness and flexibility in professional soccer players. Hamstring muscle's stiffness were evaluated using the Myoton Pro device. The flexybility of the hamstring muscle were evaluated using with the unilateral sit-reach test on 21 male professional soccer players who played in Gaziantep Soccer Club at aged 18-40. Athletes were randomly divided into groups of seven to use soft, medium and hard foam rollers. The athletes applied the method consisting of two sets of one minute on the dominant hamstring muscle. Measurements were made twice, before the application (BA) and after the application (AA). The muscle stiffness measurement of the soccer players was determined BA mean of 16.26 N/m and AA mean of 16.17 N/m.. Flexibility measurement was determined BA mean of 28,36 cm and AA mean of 31,05 cm. It was found that the mean of pre-test and post-test did not differ statistically for muscle stiffness (p>0,05) according to measurement times, but statistically differed for flexibility (p0,05). It shows that foam roller application is important for increasing muscle flexibility, but there is no difference between foam roller models applied at different intensities in terms of removing muscle stiffness and increasing flexibility.
... This movement causes fascia to warm up. This dissolves fibrous adhesions between fascia layers and restores soft tissue extensibility (16). Participants were positioned on the floor with FR® under their extremities and their hands beside the body. ...
... Overuse and overstress of the soft tissue causes abnormal cross bonds and scar tissue on fascia (16). In use of FR®, it causes frictional force and creates pressure on the soft tissue and stretches the tissue. ...
... The theory behind this practice centers on the fascia, which is a normally gelatinous tissue that envelopes the musculature in the human body. When exposed to injury, inflammation, inactivity, or other forms of trauma, the fascia achieves a more solid state and forms adhesions with the underlying musculature 13,14 . These adhesions create tension and pain that resonates throughout the body thereby limiting range of motion (ROM) and facilitating dysfunctional movement patterns. ...
... These adhesions create tension and pain that resonates throughout the body thereby limiting range of motion (ROM) and facilitating dysfunctional movement patterns. It is proposed that the proper application of pressure and stretch can release these adhesions, eliminate pain, and restore a healthy ROM 13,14 . ...
Background: Muscular flexibility is an important aspect of normal human function. Limited flexibility has been shown to predispose a person to several musculoskeletal overuse injuries and significantly affect a person’s level of function. The objective of our study was to find out the effect of mulligan BLR on hamstring tightness, to find out the effect of self MFR on hamstring tightness & Comparison of Mulligan BLR & self MFR on hamstring.
Procedure: 40 normal healthy subjects (20 in each group) fitting in inclusion criteria. They were divided in 2 groups by simple randomization method. Group A received single session of mulligan BLR Technique and Group B received single session of self MFR technique for hamstring tightness. Sit and reach flexibility tests were measured pre intervention and post intervention. Data was analyzed using paired and unpaired t-test.
Result: Shows that hamstring flexibility in mulligan BLR (17.2850) and self MFR (11.0492) increased immediately post-intervention y within the group but there was no significant (0.5877) difference on comparison between two groups.
Conclusion: The single intervention of Mulligan BLR and self MFR technique is equally effective in improving flexibility of hamstring.
... 53 The reduction of viscosity in ground substance and ultimately the resistance of fascia through myofascial release is a plausible mechanism for the increase in muscle extensibility. 54 Myofascial restrictions can be eliminated with massage, MRT, and the Active Release Technique ® . These techniques, however require a skilled clinician and can be costly and time consuming. ...
... 55 Another possible explanation is due to the thixotropic property reported in muscle and fascia. 54 Thixotropy allows muscles and fascia to have less viscosity when exposed to some stress making the tissues less stretch resistant. ...
... 8 Ayrıca yuvarlanma esnasında oluşan friksiyonun yol açtığı ısı artışı fasyal katmanlar arasındaki adezyonları çözerek miyofasyal dokuların esnekliğini restore edebilir. 9 Benzer mekanik etkilere ilaveten manyetik özelliklere de sahip mantar topların kullanımı giderek yaygınlaşmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmalar statik manyetik magnetlerin ağrıyı azalttığı, mikrosirkülasyonu ve oksijenlenmeyi artırdığı ve presinaptik membran fonksiyonlarında değişikliğe yol açtığını göstermiştir. ...
Hamstring ve lumbal omurga esnekliğini artırmak için literatürde çeşitli materyaller ile self myofasyal gevşeme (SMG) uygulamaları yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı non-semptomatik kadınlarda manyetik ve sham top ile yapılan plantar SGM’nin hamstring ve lumbal omurga esnekliğine etkisini karşılaştırmak ve değerlendirmekti. 18-30 yaş arası toplam non-semptomatik 26 kadın manyetik fasya topu (MFT) grubu ve sham fasya topu (SFT) gruplarına rasgele şekilde dağıtıldı. Bireyler ve değerlendirici körlendi. Hamstring esneklikleri, otur-uzan testi ve gonyometrik ölçüm ile uygulama öncesinde ve sonrasında değerlendirildi. Bireyler oturma pozisyonunda dağıtıldıkları gruba göre 3 dk boyunca ayaklarının altında manyetik mantar top ya da sham mantar top çevirdi. Gruplar fiziksel, demografik ve hamstring esnekliği açısından benzerdi (p>0.05). Uygulama sonrasında MFT grubunda otur-uzan test skorları ve sağ hamstring esnekliği artmış (p=0.005, p=0.041), sol hamstring esnekliğinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir değişim bulunmamıştır (p=0.625). SFT grubunda otur-uzan testi skorları (p=0.004) ve hamstring esnekliğinin her iki ekstremitede de arttığı bulunmuştur (p=0.028, p=0.025). Otur-uzan test skorları ve gonyometrik ölçümlerde gruplar arasında fark bulunmamıştır (p>0.05). Non-semptomatik yetişkinlerde plantar fasya için mantar top ile SMG uygulamasının anlık olarak hamstring esnekliğini artırabilmektedir. Manyetik fasya topunun ise, hamstring ve esnekliğini artırmada sham fasya topuna göre bir üstünlüğü olmadığı belirlenmiştir.
... Self-massage has been found to facilitate acute improvements in joint mobility, reductions in self-reported measures of DOMS, and an increased pain-pressure threshold (PPT), suggesting that SM may enhance recovery following highintensity training (41,89,102,104,107,111,116,117). Massage and myofascial manipulation have been shown to be efficacious methods by which to treat MTrPs, soft tissue restrictions, EIMD and DOMS by increasing mitochondrial biogenesis, restoring blood flow, improving extensibility, and decreasing muscle soreness, cellular stress, and inflammation (39,89,108,118,124). The proposed effects of SM on pain and mobility have been characterized as mechanical, neurological, and physiological (24,97). ...
Fascial restrictions that occur in response to myofascial trigger points (MTrP), exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS) cause soft tissue to lose extensibility which contributes to abnormal muscle mechanics, reduced muscle length and decrements in joint range of motion (ROM) and actively contributes to musculoskeletal pain. Resistance training and in particular, weightlifting movements have unique mobility requirements imperative for movement efficacy and safety with ROM restrictions resulting in ineffective volume and intensity tolerance and dampened force output and power which may lead
to a failed lift or injury. Self-massage (SM) provides an expedient method to promote movement efficiency and reduce injury risk by improving ROM, muscular function and reducing pain and allows athletes to continue to train at their desired frequency with minimal disruption from MTrPs associated adverse effects. Thus, the aim of this review was to determine the efficacy of various self-massage tools in managing pain and mobility and to explore the potential benefits of SM on resistance training performance. Many SM devices are available for athletes to manage ROM restrictions and pain including differing densities of foam rollers, roller massagers, tennis balls and vibrating devices. To attenuate adverse training effects, a 10-to-20-minute bout consisting of 2-minute bouts of SM on the affected area may be beneficial. When selecting a SM device, athletes should note that foam rollers appear to be more effective than roller massagers, with vibrating
foam rollers eliciting an increased reduction to pain perception and tennis balls and soft massage balls shown to be efficacious in targeting smaller affected areas.
... The applied mechanical pressure results in myofascial release, which helps relieve muscle tightness, soreness, and inflammation, all of which could improve performance [1]. As a connective tissue fascia moves in a thixotropic fashion where the more it is moved the softer and malleable it becomes [2]. Muscular fascia has been found to address mobility of the muscle, cellular circulation and elasticity of the muscle so it is vital that the fascia is loose and malleable [3]. ...
BACKGROUND
Foam roller with vibration is a recent development and its implementation has not yet been provided with a sufficient scientific justification. Information on whether an implementation of vibration foam rolling for self-massage before the powerful muscular activities is a good strategy is scarce.
OBJECTIVE
Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the acute effects of a single 15-s and 60-s vibrating foam rolling treatment on muscle contractile properties during maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC).
METHODS
Twenty healthy and recreationally active subjects participated in this study. During first visit, baseline characteristics were collected, while on the second and third visit they performed a 15-s and a 60-s vibration foam rolling treatment, respectively. Their maximal force (F[Formula: see text] and rate of force development (RFD[Formula: see text]) were assessed using the MVIC of plantarflexors.
RESULTS
The RFD[Formula: see text] was negatively affected ([Formula: see text] 0.05) after the 15-s treatment and 60-s treatment, staying reduced even after 10-min of recovery. No significant effects were observed for F[Formula: see text].
CONCLUSIONS
When implementing vibration foam rolling, either as a pre-workout activity or as a pre-competition treatment, caution should be taken. Short duration treatment should be avoided for activities were RFD[Formula: see text] has a significant impact on performance.
... The results found in the CG differ from those of Seever et al. [31], who affirm that the effects of myofascial self-release after two weeks of treatment, six times per week, last for a period of seven days, which could be explained by the frequency of the sessions and the instrument used (roller massager), suggesting that manual therapy potentiates the effects of the foam roller. One possible theory for this is based on the thixotropic property of the fascia, which makes the fascia less viscous and more flexible when exposed to heat, either by friction, pressure, massage, etc., resulting in an increase in ROM [32]. ...
Sport is a science of constant reinvention that is always searching for strategies to improve performance. Objective: This study seeks to compare the effects of myofascial release with Findings-Oriented Orthopedic Manual Therapy (OMT) combined with Foam Roller (FR), versus FR by itself, on the physical performance of university athletes. A randomized controlled study was conducted with a total of twenty-nine university athletes, measuring Range of Motion (ROM), jump height and flight time, strength and dynamic flexibility using Goniometer pro, CMJ protocol in OptoGait, 1 Repetition Maximum (1RM) and Mean Propulsive Velocity (MPV) and the Sit and Reach (V) test, correspondingly. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov prior to the initial measurement of the participants under the code NCT05347303. Through a univariate analysis, together with an analysis of independent groups with ANOVA and an analysis of covariance, it was evidenced that OMT combined with FR generated more and better effects in all the evaluated ROM, jump height and flight time, RM and VMP tests. Finally, it was found that OMT combined with FR is better when it is desired to improve ROM, muscle power, strength and flexibility, while FR alone only improves dynamic flexibility.
... In contrast to those techniques mentioned above, SMFR is performed by the patient independently, instead of by a therapist. This technique utilizes the patient's body mass and special tools such as massage balls or foam rollers to apply pressure and stretch the restricted soft tissue [10][11][12]. Foam rollers used in the SMFR technique are cylinders made of foam with various texture, size and density [10,13]. Foam rollers have their usage in treating large groups of muscles with a specified protocol of starting and ending position [14]. ...
During long-distance running, athletes are exposed to repetitive loads. Myofascial structures are liable to long-term work, which may cause cumulating tension within them. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute effect of self-myofascial release on muscle flexibility in long-distance runners. The study comprised 62 long-distance, recreationally running participants between the age of 20 and 45 years. The runners were randomly divided into two groups: Group 1 (n = 32), in which subjects applied the self-myofascial release technique between baseline and the second measurement of muscle flexibility, and Group 2 (n = 30), without any intervention. The self-myofascial release technique was performed according to standardized foam rolling. Assessment of muscle flexibility was conducted according to Chaitow's proposal. After application of the self-myofascial release technique, higher values were noted for the measurements of the following muscles: piriformis, tensor fasciae latae muscles and adductor muscles. Within the iliopsoas and rectus femoris muscles, lower values were observed in the second measurement. These changes were statistically significant (p <0.05) within the majority of muscles. All these outcomes indicate improvement related to larger muscle flexibility and also, an increase in range of motion. In the control group (Group 2), significant improvement was observed only in measurements for the iliopsoas muscles. The single application of self-myofascial release techniques with foam rollers may significantly improve muscle flexibility in long-distance runners. Based on these results, the authors recommend the self-myofascial release technique with foam rollers be incorporated in the daily training routine of long-distance runners, as well as athletes of other sport disciplines.
... Foam Roller release is used to treat myofascial restrictions and restore muscles, tendons, ligaments, fascia, and/or soft-tissue extensibility [13]. These tools utilize the same mechanism of treatment as traditional myofascial release, but the pressure is applied by the subject externally or using body weight [14]. ...
... 1 Foam rolling is theorized to relieve tension and tightness in the soft tissue by mobilizing the tissue via friction and mechanical stress. 2,3 In theory, foam rolling mechanical stress can positively influence both mechanical (eg, thixotropy) and neurophysiological (eg, hypothalamic tuning) responses. 4,5 Individual athletes and teams often incorporate foam rolling into pre-participation warm-up activities. ...
... Otro dispositivo usado para aplicar el masaje son los rodillos de polietileno o polivinilo los cuales permiten a la persona aplicarse automasajes. De acuerdo con Sefton 34 , la fricción creada durante el balanceo con el rollo causa un incremento de la temperatura de la parte tratada y posiblemente cambia a un estado más fluido. Jay et al. 35 usaron un rodillo de espuma de polietileno para aplicar el masaje a los sujeto de su estudio y encontraron que el dolor muscular era menor que el de los sujetos del grupo control. ...
El masaje es una de las terapias más utilizadas para aliviar el dolor muscular tardío (DMT). El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la efectividad del masaje en el tratamiento del DMT, para lo cual se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática en las bases de datos, Pubmed, Scopus, SportDiscus, Web of Science y el buscador Google académico, usando las palabras clave delayed onset muscle soreness y exercise induced muscle damage combinado con massage. Se incluyeron en el estudio 23 artículos en los cuales el 78% mostró disminución del DMT mientras que en el restante 22% no hubo mejoras o bien empeoró. El análisis de los estudios permite concluir que el masaje es una terapia efectiva en el tratamiento del dolor muscular tardío.
... The motions place both direct and sweeping pressure on the target soft tissue, stretching it and generating friction between it and the foam roller. Previous research proposed that the friction generated may result in restoration of the fascia to take on a more thixotropic property, splitting of fibrous adhesions between the layers of the fascia, and promotion of soft-tissue extensibility (Sefton, 2004). Foam rolling, as a recovery strategy, increases joint range of motion (ROM), particularly after experiencing delayed-onset muscular soreness (Jay et al., 2014;Macdonald, Button, Drinkwater, & Behm, 2014;MacDonald et al., 2013). ...
Warm-up is an essential component for optimizing performance before an exercise session. This study investigated that the immediate effects of vibration rolling (VR), nonvibration rolling (NVR), and static stretching as a part of a warm-up regimen on the flexibility, knee joint proprioception, muscle strength, and dynamic balance of the lower extremity in young adults. Compared with the preintervention, VR induced the range of motion of knee flexion and extension significantly increased by 2.5% and 6%, respectively, and isokinetic peak torque and dynamic balance for muscle strength and dynamic balance increased by 33%–35% and 1.5%, respectively. In the three conditions, most outcomes between VR and NVR were comparable; however, the participants had a significantly higher knee joint reposition error after NVR than after VR, indicating that NVR would have a hampering knee joint proprioception effect. In particular, compared with static stretching, VR significantly increased the quadriceps muscle strength by 2-fold and dynamic balance by 1.8-fold. These findings suggest that athletic professionals may take VR into account for designing more efficient and effective preperformance routine to improve exercise performances. VR has high potential to translate into an on-field practical application.
... Otro dispositivo usado para aplicar el masaje son los rodillos de polietileno o polivinilo los cuales permiten a la persona aplicarse automasajes. De acuerdo con Sefton 34 , la fricción creada durante el balanceo con el rollo causa un incremento de la temperatura de la parte tratada y posiblemente cambia a un estado más fluido. Jay et al. 35 usaron un rodillo de espuma de polietileno para aplicar el masaje a los sujeto de su estudio y encontraron que el dolor muscular era menor que el de los sujetos del grupo control. ...
Massage is one of the most widely used therapies for relieving delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of massage in the treatment of DOMS, for which a systematic review was carried out in the databases, Pubmed, Scopus, SportDiscus, Web of Science and the Google Scholar search engine using the words key words delayed onset muscle soreness and exercise induced muscle damage combined with massage. This study included 23 articles in which 78% showed a decrease in DOMS while in the remaining 22% there were no improvements or gotten worse. The analysis of these studies allows to conclude that massage is an effective therapy in the treatment of delayed onset muscle soreness.
... Fascia acts as a support, stability, and cushion mechanism for bones and muscles and surrounds many different organs and muscles (5,37). In its role as connective tissue, fascia moves in a thixotropic fashion, where the more it is moved, the softer and more malleable it comes; however, when it is not disturbed, it tends to take on a more solid consistency (35). Muscular fascia has been found to help with the mobility of the muscle, cellular circulation, and the elasticity of muscle; and it is vital that the fascia be loose and malleable (1). ...
Purpose:
To examine the effects of foam rolling (FR), on range of motion, (ROM), peak torque (PT), hamstrings-to-quadriceps (H:Q) ratios, and muscle activation .
Methods:
Twenty-two recreationally active women (mean age ± SD = 21.55 ± 1.82 years, 161.91 ± 6.58 cm, 61.47 ± 10.54 kg) volunteered for this study. Participants performed pre- and post-tests analyzing PT and surface electromyography (EMG) of their dominant limb completing maximal knee extension and flexion at three different velocities. Participants foam rolled the hamstrings muscles or sat for the control condition between the pre- and post-tests.
Results:
Hamstrings ROM increased in the FR condition from (mean ± SE) 123.23 ± 3.49 to 126.41 ± 3.62° (p < 0.001), and decreased in the control condition from 118.82 ± 4.25 to 117.95 ± 4.29° (p = 0.013). Concentric hamstrings PT and conventional H:Q ratios decreased following both conditions, with smaller decreases after FR (p < 0.05). No significant changes were found for eccentric hamstrings PT, eccentric hamstrings EMG, or functional H:Q ratios (p > 0.05).
Conclusion:
Foam rolling resulted in greater changes in hamstrings ROM without creating a deficit in PT or muscle activation, when compared to the control group. Practical Applications: When compared to other methods of stretching, foam rolling may be beneficial in increasing ROM without decreasing functional H:Q ratios.
... Dynamic stretching, Torque, Work However, there is a disadvantage to this thixotropic characteristic: If a muscle lies immobile for a period of time, the fascia surrounding that muscle can become non-compliant and rigid. This rigidity can cause a decreased range of motion and even an inflammatory response between the muscle and its fascia [11,12]. Myofascial release (MFR) therapies have been designed to mobilize the fascia to make it more compliant and allow a greater range of motion. ...
... The applied mechanical pressure results in myofascial release, which helps relieve muscle tightness, soreness, and inflammation, all of which could improve performance [1]. As a connective tissue fascia moves in a thixotropic fashion where the more it is moved the softer and malleable it becomes [2]. Muscular fascia has been found to address mobility of the muscle, cellular circulation and elasticity of the muscle so it is vital that the fascia is loose and malleable [3]. ...
... The foam rolling technique involves small undulations back and forth over a dense foam roller which place direct and sweeping pressure on the soft tissue to stretch the tissue and generate friction between the soft-tissue of the body and the foam roller16 . This friction was reported to cause warming of the fascia, promote the fascia to take on a more fluid-like form, break up fibrous adhesions between the layers of fascia, and result in the restoration of soft-tissue extensibility and greater flexibility16,31,32 . The increased flexibility be attributed to the vigorous pressure placed on the soft-tissue during foam rolling. ...
Context:
Foam rolling has been proposed to improve muscle function, performance, and joint range of motion (ROM). However, whether a foam rolling protocol can be adopted as a warm-up to improve flexibility and muscle strength is unclear.
Objective:
To examine and compare the acute effects of foam rolling, static stretching, and dynamic stretching used as part of warm-up on flexibility and muscle strength of knee flexion and extension.
Design:
Crossover study.
Setting:
University research laboratory.
Participants:
15 male and 15 female college students (age 21.43 ± 1.48 y, weight 65.13 ± 12.29 kg, height 166.90 ± 6.99 cm).
Main outcome measures:
Isokinetic peak torque was measured during knee extension and flexion at an angular velocity of 60°/second. Flexibility of the quadriceps was assessed by the modified Thomas test, while flexibility of hamstrings was assessed using the sit-and-reach test. The 3 interventions were performed by all participants in random order on 3 days separated by 48-72 hours.
Results:
The flexibility test scores improved significantly more after foam rolling as compared to static and dynamic stretching. With regard to muscle strength, only knee extension peak torque (pre vs. post intervention) improved significantly after the dynamic stretching and foam rolling, but not after static stretching. Knee flexion peak torque remained unchanged.
Conclusions:
Foam rolling is more effective than static and dynamic stretching in acutely increasing flexibility of the quadriceps and hamstrings without hampering muscle strength, and may be recommended as part of a warm-up in healthy young adults.
... The subjects use FRs to exert pressure on the soft tissue, using their own body mass with a constant and fluid movement throughout the muscle belly. This technique massages the muscle to break up the myofascial trigger points and restores the soft-tissue extensibility [3][4][5][6][7]. Trigger points are thought to develop from acute repetitive microtrauma to the muscles or from inappropriate biomechanics during movement or overtraining, creating a limitation in the strength and functional activity of the muscle as a whole and causing the muscle to become susceptible to injury [7,8]. ...
Tensiomyography (TMG) is a relatively new technique to assess the muscles mechanical properties in response to a single electrical stimulus. The purpose of the present study was to assess the acute effect of a foam roller (FR) in the rectus femoris muscle using TMG. Seventeen male professional soccer players (age 21.4 ± 3.8 years, height 180.5 ± 7.7 cm, and mass 73.6 ± 10.7 kg) performed 4 sets of with a duration of 15 s using the foam roller (FR) on the dominant leg with 2 min of rest at 30 beats per minute. TMG measurements were performed at rest after the second and fourth sets for both the dominant and non-dominant leg (control). The TMG parameters analysed included stiffness (Dm), and contraction time (Tc). Substantial differences were not found between the legs at rest. For the non-dominant leg, substantial differences in Dm were found after the second and the fourth sets. For the dominant leg, substantial differences in Dm were not observed after the FR was applied. No differences in Tc were found for any of the measurements. Our results suggest that the use of a foam roller in slowly executed small sets maintains the muscle stiffness and the contraction time of the RF.
... The subjects use FRs to exert pressure on the soft tissue, using their own body mass with a constant and fluid movement throughout the muscle belly. This technique massages the muscle to break up the myofascial trigger points and restores the soft-tissue extensibility [3][4][5][6][7]. Trigger points are thought to develop from acute repetitive microtrauma to the muscles or from inappropriate biomechanics during movement or overtraining, creating a limitation in the strength and functional activity of the muscle as a whole and causing the muscle to become susceptible to injury [7,8]. ...
Tensiomyography (TMG) is a relatively new technique to assess the muscles mechanical properties in response to a single electrical stimulus. The purpose of the present study was to assess the acute effect of a foam roller (FR) in the rectus femoris muscle using TMG. Seventeen male professional soccer players (age 21.4 ± 3.8 years, height 180.5 ± 7.7 cm, and mass 73.6 ± 10.7 kg) performed 4 sets of with a duration of 15 s using the foam roller (FR) on the dominant leg with 2 min of rest at 30 beats per minute. TMG measurements were performed at rest after the second and fourth sets for both the dominant and non-dominant leg (control). The TMG parameters analysed included stiffness (Dm), and contraction time (Tc). Substantial differences were not found between the legs at rest. For the non-dominant leg, substantial differences in Dm were found after the second and the fourth sets. For the dominant leg, substantial differences in Dm were not observed after the FR was applied. No differences in Tc were found for any of the measurements. Our results suggest that the use of a foam roller in slowly executed small sets maintains the muscle stiffness and the contraction time of the RF.
... Foam rollers and roller massagers have been in vogue lately, for their reported beneficial effects on ROM (6,7,17,23,24,28,39), myofascial pain (1,23,34), muscle spasm, tightness (36), neuromuscular performance (33,34), and muscle imbalances (37). This technique is often referred to as self-myofascial release (SMFR) and may stimulate mechanoreceptors and induce physiological changes in myofascia. ...
Foam rolling has been shown to increase range of motion without subsequent performance impairments of the rolled muscle, however, there are no studies examining rolling effects on antagonist muscles. The objective of this study was to determine whether foam rolling the hamstrings and/or quadriceps would affect hamstrings and quadriceps activation in men and women. Recreationally active men (n=10, 25 ± 4.6 years, 180.1 ± 4.4 cm, 86.5 ± 15.7 kg) and women (n=8, 21.75 ± 3.2 years, 166.4 ± 8.8 cm, 58.9 ± 7.9 kg) had surface electromyographic activity analyzed in the dominant vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), and biceps femoris (BF) muscles upon a single leg landing from a hurdle jump under four conditions. Conditions included rolling of the hamstrings, quadriceps, both muscle groups and a control session. BF activation significantly decreased following quadriceps foam rolling (F(1,16) = 7.45, p = 0.015, -8.9%). There were no significant changes in quadriceps activation following hamstrings foam rolling. This might be attributed to the significantly greater levels of perceived pain with quadriceps rolling applications (F(1,18) = 39.067, p < 0.001, 98.2%). There were no sex-based changes in activation following foam rolling for VL (F(6,30) = 1.31, p = 0.283) VM (F(6,30) = 1.203, p = 0.332) or BF (F(6,36) = 1.703, p = 0.199). Antagonist muscle activation may be altered following agonist foam rolling, however, it can be suggested that any changes in activation are likely a result of reciprocal inhibition due to increased agonist pain perception.
... The MFR technique was first developed and practiced by Ida Rolf (Remvig et al., 2008). Myofascial release is a therapist or self administered muscle manipulation technique that stimulates both muscle and fascia surrounding the muscle (Sefton, 2004). Fascia is a dense connective tissue that surrounds and pervades muscle and other tissues and contains mechanorecpetors, proprioreceptors, and blood vessels (Remvig et al., 2008). ...
... The applied mechanical pressure results in myofascial release, which helps relieve muscle tightness, soreness, and inflammation, all of which could improve performance [1]. As a connective tissue fascia moves in a thixotropic fashion where the more it is moved the softer and malleable it becomes [2]. Muscular fascia has been found to address mobility of the muscle, cellular circulation and elasticity of the muscle so it is vital that the fascia is loose and malleable [3]. ...
The paper studies potentials and limits of permanent magnet machines with toroidal windings in high speed applications. Three designs in different applications are used as test cases. The analyses based on analytical and FE models illustrate both merits and weaknesses of toroidally-wound machines that have not been addressed in literature. Strong external leakage of the armature field leads to relatively high inductance for a slotless machine and, yet, to susceptibility to losses in the housing. Losses in copper are, arguably, the decisive factor for suitability of this type of machine for a particular application; in particular, the machine is hardly suitable to applications requiring high power density. The paper finally demonstrates the importance of having a flawless winding process in order to avoid excessive core losses.
... Myofascial foam rollers are widely used in sport and rehabilitation settings to achieve changes in muscle tone, restore tissue extensibility (Curran et al, 2008;MacDonald et al, 2013), and increase range of motion (MacDonald et al, 2013). The effect of foam rolling has been proposed to be similar to that of other myofascial release techniques in that it has an autonomic effect on the soft tissue (Schleip 2003) and potentially creates mechanical or histological changes in the myofascial structures (Sefton 2004). ...
Background
Foam rolling is a self-release myofascial technique that can be applied to a variety of tissues. Previous studies have demonstrated physiological changes in range of motion and arterial stiffness with the application of a foam roller; however, no studies have investigated the change in pain levels. The present study investigated the effect on the pressure pain threshold (PPT) following the application of a foam roller for three minutes to the right iliotibial band (ITB) of asymptomatic participants.
Methods
Participants completed a questionnaire and had their height and mass measured. Three points on the ITB of the right leg were marked. The PPT was measured at each point using a pressure algometer. Measurements were taken pre-intervention, post-intervention and five minutes post-intervention. Participants completed a single three-minute bout on the foam roller.
Findings
Results demonstrated a statistically significant increase (p<0.05) in the PPT at the lower thigh immediately post-treatment; however, the difference was ameliorated five minutes later.
Conclusions
Foam rolling the ITB produces an immediate increase in the PPT of the lower thigh in asymptomatic participants.
... The applied mechanical pressure results in myofascial release, which helps relieve muscle tightness, soreness, and inflammation, all of which could improve performance [1]. As a connective tissue fascia moves in a thixotropic fashion where the more it is moved the softer and malleable it becomes [2]. Muscular fascia has been found to address mobility of the muscle, cellular circulation and elasticity of the muscle so it is vital that the fascia is loose and malleable [3]. ...
Iron loss and its consequence on the efficiency of magnetic gears determine the steel type of their cores. In miniaturized magnetic gears, solid steel is strongly preferred over the laminated one considering manufacturability. This paper investigates the iron losses of four miniaturized magnetic gears having different transmission ratios, intended for a same application. The iron loss distributions throughout the different magnetic gear cores are identified, for which it is demonstrated that their proportions vary with transmission ratios. In relation to that, recommendations on the use of a steel type are also given.
... The applied mechanical pressure results in myofascial release, which helps relieve muscle tightness, soreness, and inflammation, all of which could improve performance [1]. As a connective tissue fascia moves in a thixotropic fashion where the more it is moved the softer and malleable it becomes [2]. Muscular fascia has been found to address mobility of the muscle, cellular circulation and elasticity of the muscle so it is vital that the fascia is loose and malleable [3]. ...
High-speed permanent magnet machines are the focus of this thesis; this chapter offers an overview of their current and prospective applications and a theoretical study of their limits.
... The applied mechanical pressure results in myofascial release, which helps relieve muscle tightness, soreness, and inflammation, all of which could improve performance [1]. As a connective tissue fascia moves in a thixotropic fashion where the more it is moved the softer and malleable it becomes [2]. Muscular fascia has been found to address mobility of the muscle, cellular circulation and elasticity of the muscle so it is vital that the fascia is loose and malleable [3]. ...
As explained in Sects. 1.2 and 1.3 of the thesis Introduction, the PhD project started within the Dutch Microfactory framework with the goal of development of a built-in electrical spindle drive which would facilitate high rotational speed of the spindle and accurate micro-milling. This chapter will present the design of the spindle motor, from a conceptual design to electromagnetic and structural optimization of the motor.
... The applied mechanical pressure results in myofascial release, which helps relieve muscle tightness, soreness, and inflammation, all of which could improve performance [1]. As a connective tissue fascia moves in a thixotropic fashion where the more it is moved the softer and malleable it becomes [2]. Muscular fascia has been found to address mobility of the muscle, cellular circulation and elasticity of the muscle so it is vital that the fascia is loose and malleable [3]. ...
Advance in electrical machines is characterized, among other, by pursuit of ever higher rotational speeds, particularly regarding turbomachinery and machining spindles [1]. Demands for increasing tangential speeds and, often, positioning accuracy could not be achieved by using standard journal or ball bearings. Therefore, the requirement for speed of the machinery brought about improvements in bearing technology. Enhancements have been either sought within the standard (mechanical) bearing technology that would become suitable for required high speeds or alternatives have been looked for in the form of contactless bearings.
... The applied mechanical pressure results in myofascial release, which helps relieve muscle tightness, soreness, and inflammation, all of which could improve performance [1]. As a connective tissue fascia moves in a thixotropic fashion where the more it is moved the softer and malleable it becomes [2]. Muscular fascia has been found to address mobility of the muscle, cellular circulation and elasticity of the muscle so it is vital that the fascia is loose and malleable [3]. ...
Permanent magnet machines have become prevalent among very high-speed machines and, to the author’s knowledge, no machine other than permanent magnet has been reported to operate beyond the speed of 130.000 rpm. So-called PM synchronous machines (PMSM) with sinusoidal phase currents are generally preferred when low loss and smooth torque are important [1]. On the other hand, using high-frequency sinusoidal currents in the stator makes the design of a power converter more difficult and also complicates the implementation of control algorithm given a short switching period. A control method for PMSM must ensure stable, synchronous operation of the machine at high speeds having, at the same time, computational complexity tolerable by the given microcontroller. Since small high-speed machines, as a rule, lack space for a position/speed sensor, sensorless operation is usually required.
... The applied mechanical pressure results in myofascial release, which helps relieve muscle tightness, soreness, and inflammation, all of which could improve performance [1]. As a connective tissue fascia moves in a thixotropic fashion where the more it is moved the softer and malleable it becomes [2]. Muscular fascia has been found to address mobility of the muscle, cellular circulation and elasticity of the muscle so it is vital that the fascia is loose and malleable [3]. ...
The adequate modeling of the electromagnetic (EM) field is the starting point for a design of an electrical machine. The models derived in this chapter will form the basis for the geometrical optimization of the test machine.
... The applied mechanical pressure results in myofascial release, which helps relieve muscle tightness, soreness, and inflammation, all of which could improve performance [1]. As a connective tissue fascia moves in a thixotropic fashion where the more it is moved the softer and malleable it becomes [2]. Muscular fascia has been found to address mobility of the muscle, cellular circulation and elasticity of the muscle so it is vital that the fascia is loose and malleable [3]. ...
Structural design of a rotor of a high-speed electrical machine represents a challenging task. At high rotational frequencies centrifugal forces and, accordingly, stress in the rotor material become very high. Temperature increase in the rotor due to induced eddy currents and friction will produce additional, thermal stress between the rotor parts with different thermal properties. High-speed rotors must be capable of withstanding those stresses and also transfer of electromagnetic torque must be ensured over the whole rotor.
... The applied mechanical pressure results in myofascial release, which helps relieve muscle tightness, soreness, and inflammation, all of which could improve performance [1]. As a connective tissue fascia moves in a thixotropic fashion where the more it is moved the softer and malleable it becomes [2]. Muscular fascia has been found to address mobility of the muscle, cellular circulation and elasticity of the muscle so it is vital that the fascia is loose and malleable [3]. ...
Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to give a simple, fast and universal inductance calculation approach of slotless-winding machines and comparison of inductances of toroidal, concentrated and helical-winding machines, since these winding types are widely used among low-power PM machines.
Design/methodology/approach
– Harmonic modeling approach is applied to model the magnetic field of the windings in order to calculate the synchronous inductances. The method is based on distinction between electromagnetic properties of different regions in the machine where each region is represented by its own governing equation describing the magnetic field. The governing equations are obtained from Maxwell’s equations by introducing vector potential in order to simplify the calculations.
Findings
– Results of the inductances of toroidal, concentrated and helical-winding slotless PM machines, which have the same torque and dimensions, obtained by the proposed analytical method are in good agreement with 3D FEM, where the relative difference is smaller than 15 percent. However, the calculation time of the analytical method is significantly less than in 3D FEM: seconds vs hours. Additionally, from the results it is concluded that the toroidal-winding machine has the highest inductance and DC resistance values among considered machines. Helical-winding machine has lowest inductance and DC resistance values. Inductance of concentrated-winding machine is between inductance of helical and toroidal windings; however, DC resistance of the concentrated windings is comparable with resistance toroidal windings.
Originality/value
– In this paper the inductance calculation based on harmonic modeling approach is extended for toroidal and helical-winding machines which makes the method applicable for most of the slotless machine types.
... The applied mechanical pressure results in myofascial release, which helps relieve muscle tightness, soreness, and inflammation, all of which could improve performance [1]. As a connective tissue fascia moves in a thixotropic fashion where the more it is moved the softer and malleable it becomes [2]. Muscular fascia has been found to address mobility of the muscle, cellular circulation and elasticity of the muscle so it is vital that the fascia is loose and malleable [3]. ...
A magnetostatic analytical model is created to analyze and design a small-sized magnetic gear for a robotic application. Through a parameter variation study, it is found that the inner rotor magnet height is highly influential to the torque, and based on which, the design is performed. Several magnetic gears with different rotor pole pair combinations are designed to suffice the required gear ratio, taking into account manufacturing constraints of such a small device. A design is chosen to be manufactured considering the following criteria: material cost, cogging torque level and rotational stiffness. Measurement and 3D FEM simulation results indicate that discrepancies between the expected and measured torque as well as efficiency arise due to axial flux leakage, which becomes severe in the presence of bearings. Meanwhile, a frequency response measurement result shows that the first resonant mode in the magnetic gear, which has implications on control, can be well estimated given the simulated values of rotational stiffness, damping, and rotor inertia and thus could actually be anticipated early in the design phase.
... The applied mechanical pressure results in myofascial release, which helps relieve muscle tightness, soreness, and inflammation, all of which could improve performance [1]. As a connective tissue fascia moves in a thixotropic fashion where the more it is moved the softer and malleable it becomes [2]. Muscular fascia has been found to address mobility of the muscle, cellular circulation and elasticity of the muscle so it is vital that the fascia is loose and malleable [3]. ...
For optimally efficient control of a high-speed PM machine, continuous accurate information of the rotor position is necessary. At very high speeds, however, measurement of the rotor angle is difficult and/or expensive. This paper uses a solution of a sensorless observer based on a linear quadratic estimator combined with a phase locked loop. The sensorless observer is thoroughly analyzed and implemented for the use in a vector controller of high-speed permanent magnet synchronous machine for a micro-CHP application. The analysis contains robustness and stability analysis. The influence of delays in the control loop is accounted for in the observer. Measurements performed on a test setup show very good performance of the observer in tracking rotor speed and position. The sensorless vector controller show better output performance than the same controller relying on a Hall-sensor signal.
... 22 Another possible explanation is the thixotropic property reported in muscle and fascia. 23 It is suggested that changes in the thixotropic properties of muscle and fascia decrease tissue viscosity. As a result, tissue becomes less resistant when a stretch is applied, resulting in greater hip-flexion ROM. ...
Many athletes report that foam rollers help release tension in their muscles thus resulting in greater range of motion (ROM) when used prior to stretching. To date, no investigators have examined foam rollers and static stretching.
To determine if foam rolling prior to static stretching produces a significant change in passive hip flexion range of motion.
Controlled laboratory study.
Research laboratory.
Forty subjects with less than 90° of passive hip flexion ROM and no lower extremity injury 6 months prior to data collection participated.
During each of 6 sessions, subjects passive hip flexion range of motion was measured prior to and immediately following: static stretching, foam rolling and static stretching, foam rolling, or nothing (control). To minimize accessory movement of the hip and contralateral leg, subjects lay supine with a one strap placed across their hip and another strap located over the uninvolved leg just superior to the patella. A bubble inclinometer was then aligned on the thigh of the involved leg where subjects then performed hip flexion.
Change in passive hip flexion ROM from the premeasure on day 1 to the post measure on day 6.
There was a significant change in passive hip flexion ROM regardless of treatment (F3,17 = 8.06; P = .001). Subjects receiving foam roll and static stretch had a greater change in passive hip flexion ROM compared to the static stretch (P=.04), foam rolling (P=.006), and control (P=.001) groups.
Our results support the use of a foam roller in combination with a static stretching protocol. If time allows and maximal gains in hip flexion ROM are desired, foam rolling the hamstring muscle group prior to static stretching would be appropriate in non-injured patients who have less than 90° of hamstring ROM.
Bu çalışmanın amacı, kadın güreşçilere müsabaka sonrası uygulanan pasif
dinlenme (PD), aktif dinlenme (AD) ve myofasyal gevşeme (MG) egzersizlerinin
toparlanma üzerine etkisinin araştırılmasıdır. Çalışmaya yaş ortalaması 18.80 ± 2.616
yıl; antrenman yaşı ortalaması 5.40 ± 2.951 yıl; vücut ağırlığı ortalaması 60.30 ± 5.229
kg ve boy uzunluğu ortalaması 166.50 ± 5.759 cm olan 10 kadın güreşçi katılmıştır.
Sporculara müsabaka sonrasında pasif dinlenme, aktif dinlenme ve myofasyal gevşeme
egzersizlerinden oluşan 3 farklı toparlanma yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Uygulanan
toparlanma protokollerinin her birinde sporculara FILA kurallarına uygun 3’er
müsabaka yaptırılmış ve sporcuların müsabaka öncesinde, müsabaka sonrasında ve
toparlanma protokolünün sonrasında toplamda 9 kez olmak üzere laktat düzeyleri, vücut
sıcaklığı, sistolik-diastolik kan basıncı, oksijen saturasyonu değerleri ve kalp atım
hızları belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın istatistiksel analizlerinde SPSS 24 paket programı
kullanılmıştır. Toparlanma yönteminin etkisine ilişkin grup içi analizleri Repeated
Measures testi ile, gruplar arası analizleri ise, Multivariate ANOVA (MANOVA) testi
ile yapılmış ve anlamlılık düzeyi p<0,05 olarak alınmıştır.
Sonuç olarak, kadın güreşçilere müsabaka sonrası uygulanan myofasyal
gevşeme egzersizlerinin toparlanma üzerine olumlu etkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Background: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMD) in health professionals especially physiotherapist are
more common. They are exposed to many of the some occupation related risk factors leading to WMD, especially with
regard to the low back. Hamstring tightness causes many abnormalities in human body e.g. anterior knee pain,
increase in lumbar lordosis and lower cross syndrome. Its tightness causes alteration in pelvic tilt, which can affect
back muscle is moment arm. As there is lack of research in this aspect, the aim of this study is to correlates the
relationship in between hamstrings flexibility and back extensors endurance.
Purpose: Purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between hamstring flexibility and back extensors
endurance.
Study design: A cross-sectional observational Study
Material and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 50 healthy female physiotherapy
students (Age:-18-24 years). Hamstrings flexibility was measured by modified sit and reach test with the subjects in
long sitting position foot against wooden flexometer. Subjects were supposed to lean forward with fingertip slides on
its top, score was recorded (i.e. stretch difference). Back extensors endurance was measured by Beiring Sorenson test
performed by subjects in the prone position. They were asked to hold the test position while time recorded.
Result: The Pearson’s correlation coefficient test was applied. The result showed moderately positive correlation (r =
0.07411) between hamstrings flexibility and back extensors endurance.
Conclusion: This study shows moderately positive association between hamstring flexibility and back extensor muscle
endurance, which may lead to Low Back Pain.
KEYWORDS: Healthy Female Physiotherapy Students; Back Extensors Endurance; Hamstrings Flexibility; Low
Back Pain (LBP); Beiring Sorenson test; modified sit and reach test
BACKGROUND: Intraoperative spinal cord monitoring consists of a subcontinuous evaluation of spinal cord sensory
- motor functions and allows the reduction the incidence of neurological complications resulting from spinal surgery.
A combination of techniques is used: SomatoSensory Evoked Potentials (SSEP), SomatoMotor Evoked Potential
(SMEP), Electromyography (EMG), Transcranial Motor Evoked Potentials (tcMEPs).Aim of the study is to conduct
a systematic review on efficacy of Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) in spinal surgery.
METHOD: A systematic review of the English language literatures was undertaken for articles published between
February 2003 and October 2013. MEDLINE, PUBMED, and journal of bone and joint surgery databases was
searched the use of IONM in spine surgery. Studies were selected on based of inclusion criteria. Two independent
reviewers screened 71 search results, identifying 17 suitable studies and assessed methodological quality and risk of
bias using a modified PEDro scale.
RESULTS: Study quality ranged from 7 to 13 out of 14 points of modified PEDro scale. Intraoperative
neuromonitoring is used to reduce postoperative neurological complications during spinal surgeries like correction of
spinal deformity, craniocervical instability, and excision of spinal tumour and more.
CONCLUSION: Based on strong evidences Intraoperative neuromonitoring is reliable and safer to reduce
neurological complication that occurs during spinal cord surgery, with high sensitivity and specificity.
KEYWORDS: Intraoperative neuromonitoring; spinal cord surgery; spinal deformity
Focused Clinical Question : Does an acute bout of foam rolling (FR) help reduce delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS)-related muscle soreness or pain in the first 0–72 hr? Clinical Bottom Line : There is moderate quality evidence to support the use of FR to reduce DOMS-related muscle soreness or pain at 24, 48, and 72 hr post DOMS. There is no evidence to support FR to reduce DOMS-related muscle soreness immediately after physical activity, or that FR before physical activity can prevent muscle soreness or pain.
The Graston technique (GT) is prescribed to increase range of motion (ROM) in pathological patients, however little evidence exists regarding the effect GT has on healthy soft tissue joint ROM. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect GT would have on ankle dorsifl xion when compared with traditional static stretching (TS) among 50 healthy track and field volunteers. Participants were randomly assigned to a GT, TS, or control group. GT yielded a greater increase in talocrural joint dorsifl xion when compared with TS. GT seems to provide mobility to healthy tissue, such as fascia and muscle not previously reported.
Background Understanding Progressive Rehabilitation, Assessment and Observation Inflammation and Pain Management Range of Motion and Flexibility Proprioception/Neuromuscular Control Summary Strength Endurance and Maximal Strength Plyometric Training Summary References
Clinical Question
Does self-myofascial release improve lower extremity fexibility or range of motion in physically active individuals?
Clinical Bottom Line
There is low-level evidence to support the use of self-my-ofascial release to increase range of motion and fexibility in the lower extremity.
Foam rollers are used to mimic myofascial release techniques and have been used by therapists, athletes, and the general public alike to increase range of motion (ROM) and alleviate pressure points. The roller-massager was designed to serve a similar purpose but is a more portable device that uses the upper body rather than body mass to provide the rolling force. OBJECTIVES/PURPOSE: A roller massager was used in this study to examine the acute effects on lower extremity ROM and subsequent muscle length performance.
Seven male and ten female volunteers took part in 4 trials of hamstrings roller-massager rolling (1 set - 5 seconds, 1 set - 10 seconds, 2 sets - 5 seconds, and 2 sets - 10 seconds) at a constant pressure (13 kgs) and a constant rate (120 bpm). A group of 9 participants (three male, six female) also performed a control testing session with no rolling intervention. A sit and reach test for ROM, along with a maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force and muscle activation of the hamstrings were measured before and after each session of rolling.
A main effect for testing time (p<0.0001) illustrated that the use of the roller-massager resulted in a 4.3% increase in ROM. There was a trend (p=0.069) for 10s of rolling duration to increase ROM more than 5s rolling duration. There were no significant changes in MVC force or MVC EMG activity after the rolling intervention.
The use of the roller-massager had no significant effect on muscle strength, and can provide statistically significant increases in ROM, particularly when used for a longer duration.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.