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Female climacteric osteoporosis therapy with titrated horsetail (equisetum arvense) extract plus calcium (osteosil calcium): Randomized double blind study
Abstract
Background. Aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of silicon uptake in the diet (Equisetum arvense) in subjects with in menopausal and senile osteoporosis. Methods. The study recruited 122 women in menopause for at least two years, who had not undergone estrogen replacement therapy or drug therapies for recalcification: 30 patients were administered with titrated dry horsetail extract for 80 days; 31 patients were administered with a placebo for 40 days and titrated horsetail extract for a further 40 days; 29 patients received no treatment whatsoever; 32 patients were treated with OSTEOSIL Calcium for 80 days. All patients received two tablets per day according to procedures for randomized double blind studies. Results. Variations in the results of Nordin tests, carried out at the beginning of the study and after 40 and 80 days, indicate that treatment with placebo and the absence of treatment were both ineffective; patients who received treatment with titrated horsetail extract after the period of placebo administration showed the same changes observed in patients treated with the active ingredient; treatment with titrated horsetail extract and with Osteosil Calcium proved effective in reducing the average score of the Nordin test and hence in improving bone metabolism. After the 80-day initial study period, patients treated with titrated horsetail extract and with Osteosil Calcium continued treatment for one year, two tablets per day for two months, followed by 2 weeks without treatment, then two months administration, 2 weeks rest, and so on. Conclusions. Total body double ray bone densitometry carried out at baseline control and after one year's therapy with titrated horsetail extract or Osteosil Calcium showed a sharp increase in the average densimetric values for the vertebra, and these were significantly higher in patients treated with Osteosil Calcium, with an average recovery of bone mass of around 2.3%. During the period of the study no adverse events which could be attributed to the administration of the study drug were reported.
... Большой интерес представляют сообщения об экспериментальном изучении и клинической апробации применения экстракта хвоща полевого при лечении остеопороза [21][22][23]. ...
... Кемпферол-3-О-(6′′-OMal)Glcp-7-О-Glcp Е1 [22,26,30,66] 71 Кверцетин Е1 [15,48,85,87], Е4 [15], Е6 [15], Е7 [15], Е9 [15,87], Е11 [15], Е12 [15] 72 Кверцетин-3-О-Glcp (изокверцитрин) Е1 [15,24,22,26,30,32,46,48,66,74,77,87], Е2 [24], Е5 [24], Е6 [15,24], Е9 [15,24,28 Кверцетин-3-О-(2′′-Glcp)-Glcp Е1 [15,24,22,32], Е9 [15,28,29] 80 Кверцетин-3-О-(6′′-Glcp)-Glcp Е9 [28,29] Кверцетин-3-О-(6′′-Rhap)-Glcp-7-О-Glcp Е9 [28] 82 Кверцетин-3,7-ди-О-Glcp Е1 [24], Е3 [56], Е6 [24] 83 Кверцетин-3-О-(Glcp)-Glcp-7-О-Glcp Е9 [15], Е12 [15] 84 Кверцетин-3-О-(Glcp)-Glcp-7-О-Rhap Е1 [45], Е9 [ Гербацетин-3-О-Glcp (гербацитрин) Е9 [29,42], Е12 [15] 90 Госсипетин-7-О-Glcp (госсипитрин) Е1 [15,24,42], Е2 [24], Е4 [24], Е5 [24], Е6 [24], Е7 [24], Е8 [24], Е9 [15,24,29], Е10 [24], Е11 [15], [21]. ...
... , анксиолитической[117] активностью. Работы[21][22][23] посвящены применению хвоща полевого для лечения остеопороза.Изучение влияния однократного и длительного введения водных извлечений из 7 видов хвощей на функцию почек у крыс показало, что из 7 видов только хвощ зимующий (представитель подрода Hippochaete) и хвощ болотный (представитель подрода Equisetum) существенно увеличивают объем суточного диуреза и экскреторную функцию почек у крыс.При этом наибольшее увеличение диуреза, вызванное экстрактами хвоща болотного и хвоща зимующего, составляют 240% и 188% соответственно. Эти представители рода хвощ перспективны для дальнейшего углубленного фармакологического исследования в качестве диуретиков.Экспериментально изучены противовоспалительные (антиэкссудативные) свойства водных и водно-спиртовых экстрактов 7 видов хвоща на модели острого агарового отека у мышей. ...
Equisetum L. мировой флоры. Многие виды хвощей широко используются в народной медицине в качестве мочегонного, кровоостанавливающего средства, а также при туберкулезе легких и кожных болезнях, при язвах, водянке, желтухе, как сердечное средство, при заболеваниях почек, мочевого пузыря и др. На основе экстрактов хвоща полевога (Equisetum arvense L.) создан ряд лекарственных препаратов и биологически активных добавок, обладающих широким спектром фармакологического действия. В обзоре приведены данные о структурном разнообразии и биологической активности метаболитов растений рода Equisetum L. Представлена информация о составе метаболитов 16 видов рода Equisetum L., структуре и источниках более 200 природных веществ, относящихся терпеноидам, фитостеринам, брассиностероидам, витаминам, алкалоидам и другим азотсодержащим соединениям, лигнанам, стирилпиронам, инданонам, фенилпропаноидам, органическим кислотам, углеводородам, альдегидам и фенольным соединениям. Основными биологически активными веществами растений рода Equisetum являются флавоноиды и другие растительные фенольные соединения. Экстракты и индивидуальные соединения обладают антиоксидантными, диуретическими, антибактериальными, противогрибковыми, гепатопротекторными, гипоглике-мическими, антмутагенными, седативными, анксиолитическими, противоопухолевыми, противо-воспалительными свойствами. Анализ литературных данных показывают, что растения рода Equisetum являются перспективными для создания новых эффективных лекарственных препаратов. Приведенные в обзоре сведения могут быть использованы в качестве справочной литературы фитохимиками, биологами и фармакологами, а также для решения вопросов хемосистематики растений рода Equisetum L. Ключевые слова: Equisetum L.; Equisetaceae; химический состав метаболитов; структур-ное разнообразие; биологическая активность. Сокращения: ИК-инфракрасная спектроскопия, УФ-ультрафиолетовая спектроскопия, ГХ-газовая хроматография, МС-масс-спектрометрия, ЯМР-ядерный магнитный резонанс, ВЭЖХ-высокоэффектив-ная жидкостная хроматография, Glcp-β-D-глюкопиранозид, Galp-β-D-галактопиранозид, Rhap-α-L-рам-нопиранозид, Ac-ацетил, Mal-малонил, Caf-кафеоил, Нex-гексоза Хвощи-древние сосудистые растения из отдела хвощевидных, представленные в современной флоре единственным родом Equisetum L. (семейство Equisetáceae).
... Большой интерес представляют сообщения об экспериментальном изучении и клинической апробации применения экстракта хвоща полевого при лечении остеопороза [21][22][23]. ...
... Кемпферол-3-О-Glcp-7-О-Rhap Е9 [24,28,29,57,87], Е11 [15,64,87] 68 [22,26,30,66] 71 Кверцетин Е1 [15,48,85,87], Е4 [15], Е6 [15], Е7 [15], Е9 [15,87], Е11 [15], Е12 [15] 72 Кверцетин-3-О-Glcp (изокверцитрин) Е1 [15,24,22,26,30,32,46,48,66,74,77,87], Е2 [24], Е5 [24], Е6 [15,24], Е9 [15,24,28 Кверцетин-3-О-(2′′-Glcp)-Glcp Е1 [15,24,22,32], Е9 [15,28,29] 80 Кверцетин-3-О-(6′′-Glcp)-Glcp Е9 [28,29] Кверцетин-3-О-(6′′-Rhap)-Glcp-7-О-Glcp Е9 [28] 82 Кверцетин-3,7-ди-О-Glcp Е1 [24], Е3 [56], Е6 [24] 83 Кверцетин-3-О-(Glcp)-Glcp-7-О-Glcp Е9 [15], Е12 [15] 84 Кверцетин-3-О-(Glcp)-Glcp-7-О-Rhap Е1 [45], Е9 [ Гербацетин-3-О-Glcp (гербацитрин) Е9 [29,42], Е12 [15] 90 Госсипетин-7-О-Glcp (госсипитрин) Е1 [15,24,42], Е2 [24], Е4 [24], Е5 [24], Е6 [24], Е7 [24], Е8 [24], Е9 [15,24,29], Е10 [24], Е11 [15], [21]. ...
... , анксиолитической[117] активностью. Работы[21][22][23] посвящены применению хвоща полевого для лечения остеопороза.Изучение влияния однократного и длительного введения водных извлечений из 7 видов хвощей на функцию почек у крыс показало, что из 7 видов только хвощ зимующий (представитель подрода Hippochaete) и хвощ болотный (представитель подрода Equisetum) существенно увеличивают объем суточного диуреза и экскреторную функцию почек у крыс.При этом наибольшее увеличение диуреза, вызванное экстрактами хвоща болотного и хвоща зимующего, составляют 240% и 188% соответственно. Эти представители рода хвощ перспективны для дальнейшего углубленного фармакологического исследования в качестве диуретиков.Экспериментально изучены противовоспалительные (антиэкссудативные) свойства водных и водно-спиртовых экстрактов 7 видов хвоща на модели острого агарового отека у мышей. ...
The review summarizes the scientific literature on the degree of knowledge of the chemical composition and biological activity of metabolites and plant extracts of the genus Equisetum L. of the world flora. Many types of horsetail are widely used in folk medicine as a diuretic, hemostatic, as well as for pulmonary tuberculosis and skin diseases, ulcers, dropsy, jaundice, as a heart remedy, for diseases of the kidneys, bladder, etc. Based on extracts of the horsetail canes (Equisetum arvense L.) a number of drugs and biologically active additives with a wide spectrum of pharmacological action have been created. The review presents data on the structural diversity and biological activity of metabolites of plants of the genus Equisetum L. Information is provided on the composition of the metabolites of 16 species of the genus Equisetum L., the structure and sources of more than 200 natural substances related to terpenoids, phytosterols, brassinosteroids, vitamins, alkaloids and other nitrogen-containing compounds , lignans, styryl pyrones, indanones, phenylpropanoids, organic acids, hydrocarbons, aldehydes and phenolic compounds. The main biologically active substances of plants of the genus Equisetum are flavonoids and other plant phenolic compounds. Extracts and individual compounds possess antioxidant, diuretic, antibacterial, antifungal, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, antimutagenic, sedative, anxiolytic, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory properties. An analysis of literature data shows that plants of the genus Equisetum are promising for the creation of new effective drugs. The information presented in the review can be used as reference literature by phytochemists, biologists, and pharmacologists, as well as to solve the problems of chemosystematics of plants of the genus Equisetum L.
... In addition, the silica in this plant results in the formation of bone and connective tissue by facilitating the deposition of calcium and other minerals, decreasing the number of osteoclast cells, stimulating the activity of osteoblasts, stimulating collagen synthesis and facilitating the synthesis of glycosaminoglycan and collagen. Despite these effects, few studies have evaluated the results of the effect of equisetum arvense in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis and further research is required in this regard (8). Therefore, it may be possible to use equisetum arvense in the treatment of osteoporosis. ...
... Furthermore, Corletto (1999) investigated the absorption rate of silicone from an equisetum arvense diet in postmenopausal women who suffered from osteoporosis. The results of the study showed that treatment with equisetum arvense extract and calcium supplements were effective in improving bone metabolism (8). ...
... Furthermore, Corletto (1999) investigated the absorption rate of silicone from an equisetum arvense diet in postmenopausal women who suffered from osteoporosis. The results of the study showed that treatment with equisetum arvense extract and calcium supplements were effective in improving bone metabolism (8). These observations were also reported in the present study on equisetum arvense extract, especially at a concentration of 120 mg/kg. ...
Background: Osteoporosis is a common disease of old age. The present study used digital radiography to determine the effects of equisetum arvense extract on the bone mineral density (BMD) of experimental rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, 25 male and 25 female Wistar rats, aged three weeks old and weighing 100 grams, were randomly divided into five groups: (1) control group, (2) calcium/vitamin D group, (3) 60 mg/kg equisetum arvense extract group, (4) 90 mg/kg equisetum arvense extract group and (5) 120 mg/kg equisetum arvense extract group. Rats received these diets for 30 days. The spongy bone density was measured in the maxilla and mandible using digital radiography and the serum levels of calcium, vitamin D and phosphorus were measured at baseline and after 30 days. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey test.
Results: There was no significant difference between serum calcium and phosphorus levels in the five groups before and after 30 days. The serum vitamin D in the group receiving calcium and vitamin D was significantly higher than in the other groups (with average values of 24.7, 61.7, 23.47, 23.95 and 39.16 in the male groups 1 to 5 and 29.0, 85.07, 31.58, 42.34 and 18.83 in the female groups 1 to 5, respectively (p
... Corlleto has shown that the human use of EA extracts improved bone metabolism in short-term analysis (80 days). Two long-term (1 year) treatments also revealed the effectiveness of EA extracts in increasing the total body bone densitometry) [35,36]. Alimentary supplementations are also utilized to control osteoporosis. ...
The present chapter reviews the different preparation and characterization of Equisetum extracts and composites, including their biological properties and uses in the regeneration of bone defects derived from traumas and diseases such as osteoporosis and arthritis. The results have shown that the Equisetum genus contains high amounts of silicon, potassium, zinc, sulfur, carbon, and other organic compounds with potential use as therapeutic drugs. The experimental variations in the preparation of extracts showed that the maximum yield (~20% w/w) can be obtained for the concentration of 10–50% of ethanol in ethanol/water solutions. The maximum total phenolic and antioxidant contents can be obtained at concentrations of 50–90% ethanol. The Equisetum genus-derived composite materials and extracts are promising for bone regeneration applications. In vivo studies revealed that the trabecular bone thickness increased by 11% and 46% when treating SHAM and ovariectomized (OVX) rats, respectively, with a diet containing 60 mg ⋅ kg−1E. arvense (EA) extract. The cortical bone thickness of the EA extract group has increased by 14% compared to the OVX group. Quantitative analysis of composite EA extract and poly (lactic acid) (PLA) revealed alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity three times higher in comparison to the polystyrene (21 days) and an increase in mineralization of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs) after 14 and 21 days. In vivo and in vitro studies have concluded that E. arvense, E. hyemale, E. giganteum, and other Equisetum genera showed antioxidants and osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties, which are vital for bone regeneration.
... All patients received two tablets per day according to procedures for randomized double-blind studies. Patients who received treatment with titrated horsetail extract after the period of placebo administration showed the same changes observed in patients treated with the active ingredient; treatment with titrated horsetail extract and with Osteosil Calcium improved bone metabolism and BMD [57]. ...
Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease characterized by reduced bone mass and the deterioration of bone microarchitecture leading to bone fragility and an increased risk of fractures. Conventional anti-osteoporotic pharmaceutics are effective in the treatment and prophylaxis of osteoporosis, however they are associated with various side effects that push many women into seeking botanicals as an alternative therapy. Traditional folk medicine is a rich source of bioactive compounds waiting for discovery and investigation that might be used in those patients, and therefore botanicals have recently received increasing attention. The aim of this review of literature is to present the comprehensive information about plant-derived compounds that might be used to maintain bone health in perimenopausal and postmenopausal females.
... Відомо застосування лікарської сировини хвоща польового в БАДах, які сприяють схудненню, покращують стан шкіри, зміцнюють волосся і кістки, однак наукові дослідження, які б обґрунтовували застосування хвоща польового в цій якості лише розпочаті або є статистично не достовірними [172,284,415]. ...
An comprehensive description of the 39 species of medicinal ferns of Ukraine, 12 clubmosses (inkl.
quillworts and spike-moss) and 9 horsetails are presented in the monograph. After a brief introduction,
each description of species contains scientifi c Latin, Ukrainian and English names, reference to
illustrations; morphological, biological, horological, ecologo-cenotic features; biological activities, medicinal
uses in various regions of the world in offi cial or traditional medicine, potential hazards. Besides the ones
listed above, the state of wild resources of these species in Ukraine, threats for populations and resources,
protection status in Ukraine and other countries are characterised. This format supplies a starting point
for determining which pterydophytes of Ukraine may be used for medicinal purposes. The book includes
chosen color photo of each plant.
For researchers, teachers and students of higher schools of biological, medical and pharmaceutical
profi le.
... Відомо застосування лікарської сировини хвоща польового в БАДах, які сприяють схудненню, покращують стан шкіри, зміцнюють волосся і кістки, однак наукові дослідження, які б обґрунтовували застосування хвоща польового в цій якості лише розпочаті або є статистично не достовірними [172,284,415]. ...
An comprehensive description of the 39 species of medicinal ferns of Ukraine, 12 clubmosses (inkl.
quillworts and spike-moss) and 9 horsetails are presented in the monograph. After a brief introduction,
each description of species contains scientifi c Latin, Ukrainian and English names, reference to
illustrations; morphological, biological, horological, ecologo-cenotic features; biological activities, medicinal
uses in various regions of the world in offi cial or traditional medicine, potential hazards. Besides the ones
listed above, the state of wild resources of these species in Ukraine, threats for populations and resources,
protection status in Ukraine and other countries are characterised. This format supplies a starting point
for determining which pterydophytes of Ukraine may be used for medicinal purposes. The book includes
chosen color photo of each plant.
For researchers, teachers and students of higher schools of biological, medical and pharmaceutical
profi le.
... Відомо застосування лікарської сировини хвоща польового в БАДах, які сприяють схудненню, покращують стан шкіри, зміцнюють волосся і кістки, однак наукові дослідження, які б обґрунтовували застосування хвоща польового в цій якості лише розпочаті або є статистично не достовірними [172,284,415]. ...
An comprehensive description of the 39 species of medicinal ferns of Ukraine, 12 clubmosses (inkl.
quillworts and spike-moss) and 9 horsetails are presented in the monograph. After a brief introduction,
each description of species contains scientifi c Latin, Ukrainian and English names, reference to
illustrations; morphological, biological, horological, ecologo-cenotic features; biological activities, medicinal
uses in various regions of the world in offi cial or traditional medicine, potential hazards. Besides the ones
listed above, the state of wild resources of these species in Ukraine, threats for populations and resources,
protection status in Ukraine and other countries are characterised. This format supplies a starting point
for determining which pterydophytes of Ukraine may be used for medicinal purposes. The book includes
chosen color photo of each plant.
For researchers, teachers and students of higher schools of biological, medical and pharmaceutical
profi le.
... Відомо застосування лікарської сировини хвоща польового в БАДах, які сприяють схудненню, покращують стан шкіри, зміцнюють волосся і кістки, однак наукові дослідження, які б обґрунтовували застосування хвоща польового в цій якості лише розпочаті або є статистично не достовірними [172,284,415]. ...
An comprehensive description of the 39 species of medicinal ferns of Ukraine, 12 clubmosses (inkl.
quillworts and spike-moss) and 9 horsetails are presented in the monograph. After a brief introduction,
each description of species contains scientifi c Latin, Ukrainian and English names, reference to
illustrations; morphological, biological, horological, ecologo-cenotic features; biological activities, medicinal
uses in various regions of the world in offi cial or traditional medicine, potential hazards. Besides the ones
listed above, the state of wild resources of these species in Ukraine, threats for populations and resources,
protection status in Ukraine and other countries are characterised. This format supplies a starting point
for determining which pterydophytes of Ukraine may be used for medicinal purposes. The book includes
chosen color photo of each plant.
For researchers, teachers and students of higher schools of biological, medical and pharmaceutical
profi le.
... Izvana se upotrebljava za liječenje ekcema, rana, konjuktivitisa i hemoroida. Prethodna istraživanja pokazuju da uzimanje suhe preslice, ekstrakta ili farmacutskog proizvoda koji sadrži ekstrakt preslice plus kalcij, može znatno usporiti smanjenje gustoće kostiju kod žena u postmenopauzi s osteoporozom (Corletto, 1999 ...
Ginger (lat. Zingiber officinale) is a root originating from India. It is used primarily as a fresh root or as a ground powder, from previously dried roots. In the form of compress, it is used with acute or chronic pain (rheumatism, arthritis, back pain, abdominal cramps, neck stiffness, bronchitis and bronchial asthma, inflammation of the liver and kidney with asthmatic attacks, and works well on metabolism in patients with diabetes). It has multiple properties: analgesic, sedative, diuretic, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory. Ginger has been proved as an effective drug in the treatment of osteoarthritis. It contains hundreds of known components including gingeroles, beta carotene, capsaicin, coffeine acid and curcumin. Fresh roots were found to contain salicylates in quantities of 4.5 mg / 100 mg. Ginger is a powerful antioxidant that reduces or prevents generation of free radicals. In some parts of the world, ginger juice is applied to the skin to treat burns. It is also used in the food and beverage industry, as a spice and seasoning. Ginger contains a chemical substance gingerol used as an antacid, laxative and carminative medicine. For centuries, ginger has been reliably used as food and medicine. None of the trials on humans have shown extremely negative effects of ginger, and in the medical literature there are no data of its toxicity.
The aim of this study was to present characteristics of ginger that are important in medical treatment. The final goal of this paper is to summarize the latest knowledge of ginger as a plant and its use in the prevention and treatment of diseases.
Keywords: ginger, nausea, an antioxidant, a flavoring
... Izvana se upotrebljava za liječenje ekcema, rana, konjuktivitisa i hemoroida. Prethodna istraživanja pokazuju da uzimanje suhe preslice, ekstrakta ili farmacutskog proizvoda koji sadrži ekstrakt preslice plus kalcij, može znatno usporiti smanjenje gustoće kostiju kod žena u postmenopauzi s osteoporozom (Corletto, 1999 ...
Introduction: Modern living style eliminates physical activity and healthy nutrition. That leads to reduction of Ca level in bones, and causes osteopenia and osteoporosis. Osteopenia is state where bone density is reduced with T between /1.0 and -2.5. Osteoporosis is state with bone density is caracterised with T under -2.5. Osteopenia is caused with low level of estrogenes, so it is common for women in menopause. Osteoporosis is desease with progresive nature, and it have consequences on society in terms of economy and medicine.
Methods: Based on collected facts there is showed that level of Mg, Zn and Eqiusetum arvense have some good results on osteopenia and osteoporosis treatments.
Results: It is recommended that woman in menopause should take soy in theirs diet as source of fitoestrogenes. High intake of Ca in food and as suplements has good results on bone density. There are some arguments that daily intake of Mg can increase bone density. Zn boosts activity of Mg, and because of that, and others Zn functions, it is needed to assure enough Zn in nutrition. Some of herbs that could be used are Equisetum arvense, Cimicifuga racemosa, Trifolium pratense.
Conclusions: If we want to prevent osteopenia and osteoporosis in menopause it is needed to take an extra levels of Ca, vitamine D in food and as suplements. That is particularly important in groups with high risks. Researches showing that daily intake of Mg, Zn and Equisetum arvende could slow down envolvement of osteopenia and osteoporosis.
Sažetak Uvod: Moderni način života sve više eliminira kretanje i zdravu prehranu, što pogoduje smanjenju gustoće kostiju u vidu osteopenije i osteoporoze. Osteopenija se definira kao mineralna gustoća kostiju gdje je T-vrijednost između-1.0 do-2.5, a iznad-2.5 je stanje osteoporoze. Osteopenija se češće javlja kod žena u postmenopauzi zbog gubitka estrogena. Osteoporoza je kronično oboljenje koštanog sistema kod žena koje svojim progresivnim tokom i komplikacijama praćenim visokim stupnjem onesposobljenosti i mortaliteta ima značajne medicinske, ekonomske i socijalne posljedice na pojedinca i ukupno društvo. Metode: Na bazi prikupljenih podataka iz znanstvenih studija opisani su mogući utjecaji magnezija, cinka i preslice u prevenciji osteopenije i osteoporoze. Analizirani su rezultati istraživanja nutritivnog tretmana ostopenije i osteoporoze, s posebnim akcentom na upotrebu magnezija, cinka i biljnih pripravaka. Rezultati: U cilju prevencije posljedica osteopenije, odnosno osteoporoze, preporučuje se da žene u menopauzi jedu soju i sojine prerađevine kao izvor fitoestrogena. Povišen unos kalcija putem namirnica bogatih kalcijem ima važnu ulogu u održavanju zdravlja kostiju. Unos vitamina D može pomoći u održavanje čvrstoće kostiju, dok cink pojačava djelovanje vitamina D, doprinosi boljem apsorbiranju kalcija i njegovom korištenju u procesu obrazovanja nove kosti. Magnezij se pokazao efikasan u prevenciji gubitka koštane mase. Od ljekovitog bilja moze se koristiti preslica (Eqisetum arvense), cimicifuga (Cimicifuga racemosa) i crvena djetelina (Trifolium pratense). Prethodna istraživanja pokazuju da uzimanje preparata na bazi preslice može znatno usporiti smanjenje gustoće kostiju kod žena u postmenopauzi s osteoporozom. Zaključci: U cilju prevencije osteopenije i osteoporoze tokom menopauze se preporučuje dodatan unos sa haranom i dodacima prehrani Ca i vitamina D, posebno kod rizičnih skupina. Prethodna istraživanja pokazuju da se unosom Mg, Zn kao i preslice može usporiti razvitak osteopenije i osteoporoze. Uvod Moderni način života sve više eliminira kretanje i zdravu prehranu, što pogoduje smanjenju gustoće kostiju u vidu osteopenije i osteoporoze. Osteopenija se definira kao mineralna gustoća kostiju gdje je T-vrijednost između-1.0 do-2.5, a iznad-2.5 je stanje osteoporoze (WHO, 2003). Osteopenija se češće javlja kod žena u postmenopauzi zbog gubitka estrogena. Osteoporoza je kronično oboljenje koštanog sistema kod žena koje svojim progresivnim tokom i komplikacijama praćenim visokim stupnjem onesposobljenosti i mortaliteta ima značajne medicinske, ekonomske i socijalne posljedice na pojedinca i ukupno društvo (Wiktorowicz i sur., 2001). Osteopenija se češće javlja kod žena u postmenopauzi zbog gubitka estrogena. U BiH živi preko 500 000 žena starijih od 50 godina te je oko 30 % te populacije u stanju osteopenije ili osteoporoze ili oko 160 000 osoba. Procjenjuje se da će problem ove bolesti biti još veći u skoroj budućnosti zbog porasta broja stanovništva treće i četvrte životne dobi. Osim starosne dobi faktori rizika mogu biti nepravilna prehrana, stres, nedostatak fizičke aktivnosti, konzumiranje alkohola, pušenje, produžena upotreba glukokortikoidnih lijekova, izloženost radijaciji itd. U našim krajevima menopauza nastupa između 45. i 50. godine života. Simptomi menopauze mogu se svrstati u blage, umjerene ili teške. Najčešći simptomi menopauze kod žena su znojenje, lupanje srca, valunzi, vrtoglavica, umor, razdražljivost, anksioznost, gubitak samopouzdanja, depresija. Osim ovih simptoma menopauza može imati uticaj na ukupnu kvalitetu života žene kao jedan od glavnih uzroka dugoročnih problema kao što je osteoporoza i kardiovaskularne bolesti (Ossewaarde ME, 2005). U menopauzi zbog pada estrogena dolazi do ubrzane resorpcije koštanog tkiva koja rezultira smanjenjem koštane mase te nastankom osteopenije i osteoporoze. Smanjenje koštane mase zahvaća prvo trabekularnu kost (pršljenovi, rebra) što dovodi do kifoze i konsekutivnog smanjivanja visine. Tek nakon pet i više godina promjene zahvaćaju korteksnu kost (vrat
... Equisetum arvense is reported to be useful in the treatment of osteoporosis because of its high silica content. However, only one study in 1999 has examined horsetail for osteoporosis [56]. The study, in spite of reporting improved bone density, has been criticized as poorly designed by other scientists (http://umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/herb/horsetail). ...
Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease characterized by bone loss and structural deterioration of the bone tissue, leading to increased bone fragility and susceptibility to fractures, most frequently in the hip, wrist and spine. There is imbalance between bone formation (osteoblastic activity) and bone resorption process (osteoclastic activity) due to various causes such as deficiency of estrogen hormone as in post menopausal osteoporosis, aging and oxidative stress. From ancient times many medicinal herbs have been reported in literature to treat osteoporosis. Equisetum arvense (common horsetail) is one such herb which is suggested for the treatment of osteoporosis because of its very high silica content in the whole plant kingdom. Silica helps in the absorption and use of calcium and also in the formation of collagen. Also secondary metabolites such as flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin and apigenin) and triterpenoids (oleanolic acid, betulinic acid and ursolic acid) have shown protective effect in osteoporotic bone loss. The present review is an attempt to bring out the therapeutic properties of E. arvense in preventing and treating osteoporosis.
... In the form of tincture (a preparation containing alcohol), E. arvense is used for its antiseptic properties (13)(14)(15) and previous studies have shown a broad antimicrobial spectrum of hydroalcoholic extracts (19) and essential oil (20,21). In addition, E. arvense preparations are claimed to have beneficial effects on bone disorders (22) and to promote bone healing after bone surgery or fracture (13)(14)(15). Equisetum arvense itself has a highly complex pattern of phenolic compounds, namely various flavonoids, phenolic acids and phytosterols (16,23). ...
Equisetum arvense preparations have long been used to promote bone healing. The aim of this work was to evaluate osteogenic and antibacterial effects of E. arvense hydromethanolic extracts.
Dried aerial components of E. arvense were extracted using a mixture of methanol:water (1:1), for 26 days, yielding three extracts that were tested (10-1000 μg/ml) in human osteoblastic cells: E1, E2 and EM (a mixture of E1 and E2, 1:1). Cell cultures, performed on cell culture plates or over hydroxyapatite (HA) substrates, were assessed for osteoblastic markers. In addition, effects of the extracts on Staphylococcus aureus were addressed.
Solution E1 caused increased viability/proliferation and ALP activity at 50-500 μg/ml, and deleterious effects at levels ≥1000 μg/ml. E2 inhibited cell proliferation at levels ≥500 μg/ml. EM presented a profile between those observed with E1 and E2. In addition, E1, E2 and EM, 10-1000 μg/ml, inhibited expansion of S. aureus. Furthermore, E1, tested in HA substrates colonized with osteoblastic cells, causing increase in cell population growth (10-100 μg/ml). E1 also exhibited antibacterial activity against S. aureus cultured over HA.
Results showed that E. arvense extracts elicited inductive effects on human osteoblasts while inhibiting activity of S. aureus, suggesting a potentially interesting profile regarding bone regeneration strategies.
Horsetail (Equisetum arvense) is a perennial fern that grows wildly in Northern Europe and America. It is high in silica so may be beneficial for bones, nail, hair, and connective tissue. In addition, horsetail may be beneficial for fluid retention, osteoporosis, wounds healing, and psoriatic nail disease. It may also play a role in gout management through increased uric acid excretion. Horsetail’s various constituents demonstrate immunostimulant, WBC stimulant, connective tissue tonic, anti-rheumatic, anti-inflammatory, astringent, anti-hemorrhagic, hemostatic, diuretic, and vulnerary properties. This chapter examines some of the scientific research conducted on horsetail, both alone and in combination formulas, for treating numerous health conditions. It summarizes results from several human studies of horsetail’s use in treating genitourinary, musculoskeletal, dermatologic, and immune disorders. Finally, the chapter presents a list of horsetail’s active constituents, different Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage, and a section on “Safety and Precaution” that examines side effects, toxicity, and disease and drug interactions.
The review summarizes the scientific literature on the degree of knowledge of the chemical composition and biological activity of metabolites and plant extracts of the genus Equisetum L. of the world flora. Many types of horsetail are widely used in folk medicine as a diuretic, hemostatic, as well as for pulmonary tuberculosis and skin diseases, ulcers, dropsy, jaundice, as a heart remedy, for diseases of the kidneys, bladder, etc. Based on extracts of the horsetail canes (Equisetum arvense L.) a number of drugs and biologically active additives with a wide spectrum of pharmacological action have been created. The review presents data on the structural diversity and biological activity of metabolites of plants of the genus Equisetum L. Information is provided on the composition of the metabolites of 16 species of the genus Equisetum L., the structure and sources of more than 200 natural substances related to terpenoids, phytosterols, brassinosteroids, vitamins, alkaloids and other nitrogen-containing
compounds , lignans, styryl pyrones, indanones, phenylpropanoids, organic acids, hydrocarbons, aldehydes and phenolic compounds. The main biologically active substances of plants of the genus Equisetum are flavonoids and other plant phenolic compounds. Extracts and individual compounds possess antioxidant, diuretic, antibacterial, antifungal, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, antimutagenic, sedative, anxiolytic, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory properties. An analysis of literature data shows that plants of the genus Equisetum are promising for the creation of new effective drugs. The information presented in the review can be used as reference literature by phytochemists, biologists, and pharmacologists, as well as to solve the problems of chemosystematics of plants of the genus Equisetum L.
Keywords: Equisetum L., Equisetaceae, chemical composition of metabolites, structural diversity, biological activity.
Surveys consistently show that a significantly higher percentage of women with chronic medical conditions report use of complementary and integrative medicine (CIM) approaches compared with men. A total of 54.5% of women report use of at least one CIM approach specifically for obstetric or gynecologic problems. However, primary care providers remain an underutilized resource by patients for guidance in the safe and appropriate use of integrative therapies. This article provides a practical overview of the most appropriate integrative therapies to consider in the management of commonly seen women's health conditions: polycystic ovarian syndrome, menopause, and osteoporosis.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti bacterial activity of Equisetum arvense linn on selected Urinary tract pathogens. Horsetail (Equisetum arvense) is one of the oldest known herb famous for its vast variety of therapeutic properties. Antibacterial activity of ethanolic and aqueous extract of Equisetum arvense L was screened against E.coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Enterococcus faecalis using disc diffusion technique. The results of this study showed that both the extracts at different concentrations exhibited anti bacterial activity against the bacterial species tested. The ethanolic extract showed higher degree of activity than aqueous extract when compared with the standards.
As part of a series of toxicology studies on the safety of Equisetum arvense L. (another name; Horsetail), we performed a reverse mutation test with bacteria, a chromosomal aberration test with cultured mammalian cells, a micronucleus test with rats, and a single dose toxicity study in rats. In the reverse mutation test, the number of revenant colonies on the plates treated with the test substance was not increased for S. typhimurium TA100, TA98, TA1535, or TA1537 or E. coli WP2uvrA; the test substance was not found to have mutagenic potential. In the chromosomal aberration test with Chinese hamster lung cells, the incidence of cells with chromosomal aberrations was lower than 5% both by the short treatment method and the continuous treatment method; the test substance was not found to have chromosomal aberration potential. In the micronucleus test with rats, the incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) was not significantly increased; the test substance was not found to have mutagenicity, i.e., the potential to induced MNPCEs. In the single dose toxicity study in male and female rats, the test substance at 800, 2000, and 5000 mg/kg, p.o. caused no abnormalities in general signs, including death, or body weight changes, and no animals with any suggestion of toxicity signs were noted at necropsy; an approximate LD50 value of the test substance was found to exceed 5000 mg/kg. Since the negative results were obtained in the reverse mutation test, chromosomal aberration test, and micronucleus test as described above, it can be concluded that Equisetum arvense L. has no genetic toxicity. It can also be concluded that single dose administration of Equisetum arvense L. at up 5000 mg/kg has no toxicological effects on either sex of rats.
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common disease. Continued allopathic treatment with various antibiotics may cause side effects. It is also known that the bacteria causing infection can develop resistance to the existing antibiotics that have been prescribed, if the medication is used for a long time. These issues have led to a continuous exploration of different modes of treatment and alternate therapies. Herbs have a long history and proven to be very effective in preventing and treating urinary tract infections. This review article is about some commonly accepted herbs like Vaccinium macrocarpon [Cranberry], Hydrastis Canadensis [Goldenseal], Agathosma betulina [Buchu], Arctostaphylos uva-ursi [Bearberry], Echinaceae purpurea[Cone flower] and Equisetum arvense [Horse tail] that have been clinically proven for urinary tract infection cure as well as bladder infection treatment.
Due to their known effects on bone metabolism, vitamin D and related compounds have been proposed for the prevention of osteoporosis and fractures.
To determine the effects of supplementation with Vitamin D or a Vitamin D analogue in the prevention of fractures of the axial and appendicular skeleton in elderly men or women with involutional or post-menopausal osteoporosis.
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, LILACS, CABNAR, BIOSIS, HEALTHSTAR, Current Contents, The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Injuries Group trials register, and bibliographies of identified trials and reviews. Date of the most recent search: September 2000.
Any randomised or quasi-randomised trial which compared vitamin D or a vitamin D analogue, either alone or in combination with calcium supplementation, with a placebo, no intervention, or the administration of calcium supplements, with eligible fracture outcomes, in elderly men or women with involutional or post-menopausal osteoporosis.
Two reviewers independently assessed trial quality, by use of a nine item scale, and extracted data. Additional information was sought from trialists. Where possible the data were pooled. Pooling of data, where it was admissible, used pooled relative risk and fixed effects model.
Almost all estimates of treatment effects are based on single studies. Administration of vitamin D3 alone without calcium co-supplementation was not associated with any reduction in incidence of hip fracture (relative risk (RR) 1.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.83, 1.75) or other non-vertebral fracture. Administration of vitamin D3 with calcium co-supplementation to frail elderly people in sheltered accommodation was associated with a reduction in incidence of hip fracture (RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.60, 0.91). In healthy younger, ambulant participants the effect on hip fracture is unknown (RR 0.36, 95% CI 0.01, 8.78), although there appears to be a significant overall effect on non-vertebral fracture incidence in this group ( RR 0.46, 95% CI 0.23,0.90). Calcitriol (1,25 dihdyroxy vitamin D) was effective in reducing the incidence of vertebral deformity (RR 0.49, 95% CI 0.25, 0.95). Calcitriol was more effective than calcium in reducing the frequency of new vertebral deformities during the third year of treatment (RR 0.28, 95% CI 0.15, 0.52). 1-alpha-hydroxy vitamin D was effective in reducing the incidence of non-vertebral fractures in a single small study of elderly people whose mobility was impaired by neurological disease (RR 0.12, 95% CI 0.02, 0.95). No statistically significant effects were found for other comparisons of vitamin D or its analogues against each other, with and without calcium supplementation.
Uncertainty remains about the efficacy of regimens which include vitamin D or its analogues in fracture prevention. Particularly if co-supplementation of calcium is required, significant cost differences are likely to exist between regimens. Further large randomised trials are currently being conducted to clarify the effectiveness of community fracture prevention programmes employing vitamin D supplementation.
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