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Case study research in essential guide to qualitative methods
... From my position as a member of multiple global R&D teams as part of my work as a researcher at the Tavistock Institute, I had access to colleagues across Europe who I have worked alongside and have trusting relationships with. This means that although gaining and maintaining access to cases usually requires particular attention in management research (Hartley, 2004), in my case I had a large pool of teams to select from and contacts who are open to being research participants. I also had access to systematic data such as documentation, group email records and team policies which are all useful in articulating full accounts (Hartley, 2004). ...
... This means that although gaining and maintaining access to cases usually requires particular attention in management research (Hartley, 2004), in my case I had a large pool of teams to select from and contacts who are open to being research participants. I also had access to systematic data such as documentation, group email records and team policies which are all useful in articulating full accounts (Hartley, 2004). My reflexive approach, detailed above, was the main technique for avoiding partiality in my data collection; research ethics of researching teams I have worked in are discussed later in the chapter. ...
With the development of advanced information communication technology, globally dispersed teams have become increasingly common, and research on such teams is likely to have increased importance following COVID-19. Despite the presence of numerous factors that make discord more likely in such teams, from language asymmetries and cultural differences to technological mediation and differing communication habits, no prior research has addressed misunderstandings, non-understandings, and hidden disagreements (which I label ‘hidden discord’) in global teams. This study used semi-structured interviews and documentary evidence including global team email interactions to investigate the question “How does hidden discord impact global virtual teams?” Using an abductive analytical approach, the research found that when remote, it is more difficult for team members to enter ‘clarification cycles’ where misunderstandings and hidden disagreements can be noticed, which leads to a variety of incidents that must be managed. This study identified and categorised incidents of hidden discord, presenting six sub-categories of hidden discord, including ‘undiscussed disagreements’ and ‘repressed conflicts’ which have not previously been identified in the GVT literature. Importantly, the research found that the same types of discord can have widely varying outcomes depending on the pathways taken, with the process being affected by the team conditions, triggers and communications medium used when the discord was revealed. The highly detailed accounts of these incidents revealed that when the emotional impact of these incidents was not contained effectively, teams became less efficient and had less common ground, leading to splits in the teams, reducing trust, cohesion, and authority of existing leaders. The study also found several protective factors against hidden discord, including communication skill and previous collaborations, and possible interventions such as creating common vocabulary, toleration of difference, and frequent synchronous communication. Whilst this research shows the tendency for dispersed teams to avoid and repress when experiencing communication difficulties it also shows that an array of communication techniques and technologies can prevent, identify and manage hidden discord, ensuring incidents are dealt with through compromise and sensemaking, and creating opportunities for global teams to improvise and resolve underlying difficulties.
... As a result, one of the advantages of hermeneutic therapy's method of effectiveness is that the black box decodes therapeutic approaches and reveals specific processes of change. In the end, although analytical generalization is used instead of statistical generalization in case studies (45), one of the limitations of the present study was the generalizability of the research findings. Further studies are recommended to expand and understand how this method can be applied. ...
Background: Nightmare is a prevalent parasomnia associated with various forms of psychological distress in both clinical and general populations. This study aimed to explain the experiences of a client regarding the effects of nightmares and effectiveness of dream analysis treatment on idiopathic nightmares. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted on a 34-year-old woman who participated in 8 sessions of dream analysis treatment. The client was diagnosed with nightmare disorder based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria for nightmare. The hermeneutic method was used to collect and analyze quantitative and qualitative data. This study utilized a simple method for hermeneutic analysis that requires only one person while maintaining research validity. Results: The findings of this study showed the frequency of nightmares decreased during the treatment. The client changed significantly during the treatment, and the dream analysis was responsible for this change. According to Bohart’s grid, there was 72% certainty of change in the client and 87% certainty that improvements were due to therapy. Useful therapeutic factors included analyzing the hidden meaning of nightmares, expressing emotions, self-awareness, and reducing helplessness. Conclusion: The results of the interventions showed that treatment processes made changes in the client that were unexpected and important to her and these changes would not have occurred without the treatment. This method, in addition to exposing the person to the content of the nightmare, leads to the discovery and decoding of the content of the nightmares and understanding of their message to resolve conflicts.
... This study uses a case study (Hartley, 2004) which is carried out by observing and filling out questionnaires. There were 30 student subjects in 9th grade junior high school in Jember Regency who were randomly selected to find out their perceptions of language variety, text function, and content focus of narrative, descriptive, and argumentative texts. ...
... Teachers' meaning making in an assessment process initiated from the municipality level (Sjunnesson, 2014; hereafter mentioned as the main study). The main study used a case study approach (Hartley, 2004). As described, the case was designated as an example of what Ball (2003) describes as a transformation of an assessment culture through different levels in society and was considered to respond to the aim of the study. ...
The present study aims to study how external assessments are used by teachers, transforming summative test results into a formative approach for teaching, with a special focus on students with SEN. The data material consists of documents and interviews with teachers. The documents were the schools' compilations of assessment results, including proposals for measures and action programs for individual students. The students' action programs constitute data material for analysis of their needs regarding the outcomes of the DLS tests. Eight ordinary and six SEN teachers participated in follow-up interviews to express their understanding of the test results and their decisions regarding what adaptations and support the students needed. The results show the teachers' expressions and understanding of aligning the results to better support the identified SEN students in education. The emerging results indicate that the primary purpose of the assessment was to identify students with SEN and to plan teaching for these students. SEN was identified by test results on or below stanine 3. The planned support was mainly directed toward special education conducted by SEN teachers. Within the same community, different interpretations of the assignment are possible. This may affect how the results are analyzed and implemented into teaching.
... The case study is a valuable tool in contextual and complex multivariate conditions, uses multiple evidence, and defines broad research topics (Yin, 2003). This longitudinal study consists of detailed research, where phenomena-in this case staff professional development-are situated within their natural context, emphasizing explanatory factors of social or organizational processes (Hartley, 2004). The sample participants and location were selected through information-oriented purposive sampling (Brantlinger et al., 2005). ...
Through a school case study, this research identifies the macro- and micro-elements that influence the continuing professional development of nursery staff in a Spanish educational setting. Organizational theories are employed to highlight the professional learning experienced by nursery staff through types of learning (formal, informal, and non-formal) and organizational learning analysis (single, double, and triple loops of learning). Qualitative data was collected through unstructured interviews, observations, and document analysis and was gathered in two sessions of three months during one academic year. This study focuses on voices from the learning communities in one early year's classroom in a state school located in Andalusia, in the south of Spain. Twelve early years staffers—including teachers, teaching assistants, managerial team, and external professionals—and six parents and 24 children were observed, including two children diagnosed with special education needs (SEN). This case study shows that a dearth of essential elements such as communication and responsibility networks, a non-permeable system, and resource management policies result in a lack of capability to offer professional development to nursery staff to meet children's educational needs.
... We conducted a single case study to understand knowledge storage and knowledge access in an interorganizational project. The case study method is particularly suited to addressing research questions that require detailed understanding; this is because of the richness of data that can be collected in a case study context (Hartley, 2004). Our study focuses on the Orange Line (OL) metro train project in Lahore, Pakistan. ...
Purpose-This paper focuses on knowledge storage, knowledge accessibility and the associated challenges with these processes in an interorganizational project. For this purpose, the context of the Orange Line (OL) metro train project in Pakistan is examined, where multiple organizations were involved.
Design/methodology/approach-This study adopts an exploratory single case study approach. The empirical data comprise semi-structured interviews and archival documents. Thematic analysis is used for analyzing the data.
Findings-The distinct findings include (1) the use of knowledge storage systems, such as manual storage systems, electronic storage systems and assigning a dedicated resource; (2) that knowledge accessibility occurs at different levels within the organization (including intradepartmental and interdepartmental levels) as well as at interorganizational levels and (3) the challenges, such as misuse of knowledge, time pressures, confidentiality of sensitive knowledge, government regulations and the reliance on human memory, which are associated with knowledge storage and knowledge accessibility. Based on the findings, an integrative framework of the interplay between knowledge storage, knowledge accessibility and challenges is proposed.
Originality/value-This paper contributes to the literature on resource-based theory by examining knowledge storage and accessibility in an interorganizational project.
... This study uses a single case study, which aims to generalise results to more significant theoretical intentions Yin (2003, p. 10). One advantage of the single case study is that it supports the researcher in acquiring a better understanding of the people and processes within the research domain (Hartley, 2004). Yin (2003, p. 8) has further stated that the benefit is that the researcher has access to areas that were previously not investigated. ...
Purpose – This paper aims to evaluate the responses taken during the pandemic of COVID-19 in sustaining agricultural activities and safeguarding local food supply via digital platforms by applying the case study method.
Design/methodology/approach – This paper uses a case study approach due to its systematic way of collecting data, analysing information and reporting results to understand the particular problem. For this study, secondary data consisting of government reports and documents are used to give a broader understanding of the impact of COVID-19 on the local food system and digital platform for agricultural
produce.
Findings – The impact of COVID-19 on the agri-food sector is the move towards a more resilient and sustainable local food system, whereby nations emphasise food security by encouraging local food production. This is done by boosting micro, small and medium enterprises’ (MSME) output, “supporting local” initiatives and leveraging digital platforms and FinTech in business transactions.
Research limitations/implications – This study highlights that MSMEs’ adoption of digital
platforms, particularly in the agri-food sector, demonstrates their willingness to embrace new business models that leverage technological advancements while maintaining the personal touch that attracts customers.
Practical implications – This study implies that although the pandemic outbreak created prolonged uncertainties with an immediate impact on the economy and ways of doing business transactions, digital platforms and FinTech ensured continuous food supply during the period.
Originality/value – This paper provides initial valuable insight to academics, practitioners and policymakers in agriculture and innovation management. It can be observed that digital platform and FinTech plays an essential role in ensuring safety and undisrupted food supply, especially in the case of fresh produce grown by local small-scale farmers and MSMEs. This creates a more resilient agri-food system and reduces the pressure from the conventional model of food purchase and social distancing requirements
... This research used a qualitative case study to explore how Educational Psychologists can facilitate YPAR. A case study provides a framework to explore complex social phenomena (Hartley, 2004). Therefore, it lends itself to this research as YPAR is a complex, non-linear process in which multiple factors can impact the facilitation of projects. ...
Youth participatory action research (YPAR) is an emancipatory approach, based on the belief that children and young people (CYP) can and should participate as researchers in an inquiry-based process, aimed at analysing and taking action against oppression (Buttimer, 2018b). YPAR promotes the robust participation of children and young people at every research stage to ensure their voices are included in decisions that affect their lives. Unlike traditional research approaches that prioritise 'objectivity' in research, YPAR aims to conduct research for the explicit political purpose of taking action to create change (Cammarota & Fine, 2008). Educational Psychologists (EPs) have a responsibility to elicit the voices of CYP in their work. This research represents an important contribution to the field of educational psychology research, as it provides the first account of Educational Psychologists facilitating YPAR within academic literature. This research used a case study design to explore how EPs can facilitate YPAR. The project was conducted over one academic year involving 12 young people in Year 12, and was co- facilitated by a qualified EP and a trainee EP (the author). A range of qualitative sources were used to capture different perspectives and experiences of the project and were triangulated to inform the findings. The findings from the research suggest that YPAR is a complex and challenging process to facilitate. YPAR has the potential to be a democratic, empowering approach that can be brought more widely into the field of educational psychology. However, careful considerations are needed by facilitators to mitigate the challenges of the process. For example, facilitators must consider methods to maximise youth researchers' participation and monitor the extent of their own involvement. Implications are discussed in relation to how YPAR can best be facilitated and who is best positioned to facilitate YPAR in schools.
... We conducted an in-depth single case study to identify knowledge sharing barriers and enablers in an interorganizational project. The case study method is particularly suited to addressing research questions that require detailed understanding, because of the richness of data that can be collected in a case study context (Hartley, 2004). Limitations of a single case study are acknowledged (Yin, 2009); however, we believe that findings with this paper are applicable across similar types of interorganizational setting facing many of the same issues. ...
Purpose
The paper aims at identifying knowledge sharing barriers and enablers in an interorganizational setting at different levels of units. For this purpose, the interorganizational setting of Peshawar Bus Rapid Transit project in Pakistan is examined.
Design/methodology/approach
This study adopts an exploratory single case study approach. The empirical data comprise semi-structured interviews and archival documents. Thematic analysis is used for analyzing the data.
Findings
The findings identify distinct knowledge sharing barriers and enablers at different level of units (individual, team, organizational and interorganizational). Based on the findings, an integrative framework of knowledge sharing barriers, enablers, and levels of units is proposed. Furthermore, the findings provide guidance to managers as the findings show how different knowledge sharing barriers and enablers are important at different levels of units.
Originality/value
This study novelty lies in determining separate sets of knowledge sharing barriers and enablers at different level of units in an interorganizational project. This study contributes to the literature on knowledge sharing by studying an interorganizational project.
... Alpha can take on any value less than or equal to 1, including negative values, although only the positive values make sense. The higher values of alpha are more desirable [24]. The coefficient was found to be 0.826 for "before ITIL" and 0.879 for "after ITIL;" therefore, two parts of the questionnaire were reliable because the values of α in both cases were well above the acceptable threshold, at 0.8 [25].Based on the results of assessing reliability and validity, statistical analyses could be executed on the collected data. ...
Organizations have realized that in order to achieve competitive advantage, IT needs to be strategically aligned with business objectives. To achieve alignment leveraging, Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) is considered fundamental as a comprehensive approach to planning and managing IT actions within the organization, based on its business requirements. This survey reports on a study to assess the effect of successful ITIL Framework on the Business-IT alignment in an Iranian organization (municipality IT organization Of Tehran, Iran), using the Luftman's maturity model as the assessment tool and to determine whether there are any significant differences in perspectives of IT and Business Managers on what factors contribute to successful strategic alignment using Henderson and Venkatraman's strategic alignment model as its framework.
... This method is suited to answer the "how" and "why" research questions and to provide an in-depth study of a phenomenon in its reallife context (Yin, 2003(Yin, , 2009. Moreover, because of the rich data that were collected, the method is particularly well-adapted to research questions that require a detailed understanding of organisational processes (Hartley, 2004). Case studies allow for an in-depth and contextually informed examination of specific organisations or events that explicitly address theory (Lee & Lee, 1999). ...
Not-for-profit organisations are increasingly being held to account for their social performance. Due to their resource dependency, they generally rely on external financial resources to ensure their missions. This alternative is usually coupled with social accountability requirements from private investors. Given their externally induced nature, social accountability initiatives might result in the implementation of management control systems imported from for-profit organisations without any real consideration-and, consequently, leading to an oversimplification of the social sector's characteristics and complexities. Relying on both agency and stewardship theories, we consider how to reconcile external reporting obligations with the characteristics of non-profit organisations. To this end, we use a single qualitative case study of a social organisation responsible for housing services, which recently introduced a reporting system to meet its private investors' external requirements. We stress the potential risks of implementing an agency theory-based system in a social context and maintain that the expected accountability targets are unlikely to be reached. We also make recommendations to improve the current system by drafting new metrics.
... A case study research design was used to investigate the cognitive biases, which might arise during a sanitary health crisis. According to Hartley [24] and Yin [25] a case study is an empirical inquiry that investigates a current phenomenon within its real-life context, especially when the boundaries are not obvious. This makes this approach a tentative measure of the phenomena [26]. ...
Cognitive biases are systematic cognitive distortions, which can affect clinical reasoning. The aim of this study was to unravel the most common cognitive biases encountered in in the peculiar context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Case study research design. Primary care. Single centre (Division of General Internal Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland). A short survey was sent to all primary care providers (N = 169) taking care of hospitalised adult patients with COVID-19. Participants were asked to describe cases in which they felt that their clinical reasoning was "disrupted" because of the pandemic context. Seven case were sufficiently complete to be analysed. A qualitative analysis of the clinical cases was performed and a bias grid encompassing 17 well-known biases created. The clinical cases were analyzed to assess for the likelihood (highly likely, plausible, not likely) of the different biases for each case. The most common biases were: "anchoring bias", "confirmation bias", "availability bias", and "cognitive dissonance". The pandemic context is a breeding ground for the emergence of cognitive biases, which can influence clinical reasoning and lead to errors. Awareness of these cognitive mechanisms could potentially reduce biases and improve clinical reasoning. Moreover, the analysis of cognitive biases can offer an insight on the functioning of the clinical reasoning process in the midst of the pandemic crisis.
... The present study, having considered the limited research analysing the sharing-based PSS from a contingency perspective, adopts a multiple case study research method (Eisenhardt, 1989;Meredith, 1998). When the phenomenon is complicated and confusing, it is appropriate to apply the case study method, especially if a new context (i.e., sharing-based PSS) in the emerging phenomenon has not been explored (Hartley, 2004). Yin (1989) suggests that this method can be adopted to explore 'what' and 'how', which are the aims of this research, and the main purpose of this paper is to build theories (Edmondson and McManus, 2007;Voss et al., 2002). ...
The purpose of this study is to provide empirical evidence for the sharing-based product service system (sharing-based PSS), a new type of PSS, to achieve sustainable performance in sharing economy context. A multiple case study method was applied, in which 20 semi-structured interviews were conducted with key respondents from three transport sharing economy companies (i.e., OfO, Mobike, and Man-bang) in China. We found that the structural and infrastructural aspects of the service delivery system design influence the achievement of sustainability for sharing economy platforms. Moreover, by applying contingency theory, this study identified goal congruence and application of information and communications technology as contingent factors that affect the relationship between the service delivery system design and the sustainability initiatives. This study provides insightful knowledge into the sharing-based PSS and therefore has enormous practical implications for sharing economy platforms.
... An interorganizational project is a complex, temporary setting in which different organizations engage simultaneously. The case study method is particularly suited to research questions which require a detailed understanding of the object of study (Hartley, 2004). Our empirical study focuses on the Islamabad-Rawalpindi Metro project in Pakistan. ...
Purpose-The purpose of this study is to consolidate the existing research on interorganizational projects and to explore how organizations learn by closely examining multilevel learning, that is, organizational and interorganizational learning.
Design/methodology/approach-This article adopts a single case study approach, examining the Islamabad-Rawalpindi Metro project in Pakistan, with data consisting of interview results and archival data. An inductive approach is used for data analysis.
Findings-An empirically grounded learning model was developed based on an interorganizational project following eight lessons: capacity building, personality traits of leadership, working procedures, impeccable planning and implementation, involvement of stakeholders, design compatibility, investigation of underground services, conditions and maintenance of databases, and conceive rational timelines. These lessons learned were classified into three categories: (1) organizational capacity, (2) organizational embeddedness and (3) collective awareness.
Originality/value-This paper develops a novel learning model that can deepen our understanding of the practices and processes involved in multilevel learning. This study contributes to and extends the literature on organizational and interorganizational learning by studying an interorganizational setting.
... This article presents a single case study that highlights the singularities of the subject and the holistic nature of the context. Thus, an analysis of the context and of the processes that illustrate the theoretical debate is developed (Eisenhardt, 1989;Hartley, 2004;Yin, 2009). ...
Study goals
The study reported here discusses this relationship between business model (hereafter BM) and its capacity to create an distribute value to stakeholders in a large-size organization in the low-income civil construction segment.
Relevance / originality
Use of authors' own business model analysis framework (VoC-The Value of Choices) that allows the description and analysis of the relationship between the model's choices and its consequences in terms of value generated for the company and stakeholders.
Methodology / approach
The empirical research followed the qualitative method with a single-case study. Content analysis of data derived from in-depth interviews and categorised secondary data was conducted by using the NVivo software application.
Main results
Results indicate that the BM analysed includes frequent practices of value distribution to stakeholders such as clients, financial agents, service providers, suppliers, investors, and society
Theoretical / methodological contributions
This study contributes, from a theoretical perspective, to understand the distributed value in a way that goes beyond the value creation and capture analyses usually identified in the literature on BMs.
Social / management contributions
In practice, the research highlights the unquestionable relevance of value distribution by means of practices guided by the existing BM.
... Based on a qualitative methodology, the case study approach is used because it is suitable for investigating phenomena in the context of real-life (Yin, 2003;Hartley, 2004). This approach is important because the phenomenon of sustainability is contextdependent. ...
There is great concern about waste and cooperation to move toward sustainable development. In response to this challenge, organizations are implementing practices to control consumption, reduce waste and reduce the negative impact on the environment through strategies that promote the Circular Economy (CE). However, the literature on the current understanding of circular strategies in nongovernmental organizations, such as charity shops, is limited. Therefore, this study aims to understand the social behavior of stakeholders (managers, sales assistants, buyers, and donors) who collaborate in a charity shop that uses CE strategies. To address this, the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and stakeholder theory were used. Furthermore, the qualitative methodology of an exploratory case study was considered, which incorporated semi-structured interviews with 12 stakeholders who participated in the Chilean COANIQUEM charity shop. The results indicate that these organizations, through their different stakeholders with an environmental, social, and economic attitude, interact with one another and promote behaviors that favor circular strategies of reusing, recycling, and sharing in charity shops. These findings contribute to the CE literature in nongovernmental organizations and the TPB perspective by analyzing the attitude construct.
... ایرالین Creswell, 2017, Yin, 2003Denzin, 2011 Hartley, 2004 ) . ...
The aircraft Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul (MRO) has always played a key role in the aviation industry which is responsible for restoring aircraft to flight conditions based on a set of technical instructions and implementation of repair processes .According to research's, the most important reasons why airlines choose MRO centers to provide services are quality, turnaround time (TAT), and cost, respectively. In Iran, due to the status of the airline fleet and the number of available aircraft, reducing the service time has a higher priority than other options. In this research paper, the application of lean, its principles and techniques and in particular the study of its compatibility and effectiveness in order to reduce Turn Around Time (TAT) in the aircraft repair and overhaul industry has been considered. Accordingly, at the beginning and after the comprehensive review and analysis of the literature, the subject of a comprehensive list of principles of lean production has been studied and the indicators have been considered according to the characteristics of the aircraft repair and overhaul industry. Then, based on the obtained indicators, a questionnaire was prepared and based on it, more than 25 hours of interviews with experts, including deputies, managers and experts of the aircraft repair and overhaul industry in the case study were conducted. Based on the Yin analysis method (2003), the data of the questionnaire were analyzed and evaluated in order to identify the influential factors of service time during the aircraft maintenance check. Based on the research findings, the existence of defects in some areas, such as the lack of inventory management and alternative planning for serviceable components have created significant effects in increasing the service time of aircraft.
Purpose
Biculturals possess higher cultural intelligence than monocultural individuals. This study explores biculturals' key factors and attributes and how their cultural knowledge and identification influence International Business Negotiations (IBNs) and help their firms outperform others.
Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected from semi-structured interviews with 35 bicultural senior managers in Lebanon.
Findings
The findings highlight three essential qualities and behaviors that allow biculturals to act as a bridge between the parties during IBN: adaptability, cultural frame switching (CFS) and creativity.
Originality/value
This study explores the notion of bicultural personnel using their understanding of multiple cultures to be innovative, avoid groupthink and generate new creative ideas that help overcome stalemates during IBNs.
This case study examines institutional communication of purpose to stakeholders through Facebook during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The findings show that the institution attempted to reduce the negative impacts of the pandemic on campus life and student experiences while using the pandemic as an opportunity to re‐iterate the importance of its scientific knowledge production, training of professionals, and service to communities. In doing so, it established relationships with multiple publics at a time of crisis, but has run the risk of further losing public trust in science and university as the COVID‐19 pandemic has persisted.
В монографии представлены результаты осмысления проблемы теорической валидизации в контексте современной эмпирической социологии. В первом разделе книги изложены концептуальные основы теоретической валидизации: сущность теоретической валидности в отношении к другим ее видами, связь неудовлетворительной теоретической валидизации и смещения данных, исследования смешанного типа, уровни теоретической валидизации, лонгитюдный исследовательский дизайн и принципы теоретической валидизации. Во втором описаны три исследовательские стратегии теоретической валидизации (согласование концептов, «обоснованная теория» и кейс-стади), а также приведен авторский подход к валидизации измерительных шкал.
В книге впервые в постсоветской социологии осуществлено обращение к проблеме качества социологической информации на уровне детального рассмотрения и проработки (предыдущая основательная работа по соответствующей тематике была опубликована В.И. Паниотто в далеком 1986 году).
Книга рассчитана на академических работников, специалистов в сфере маркетинга и образования. Также она будет полезна студентам и аспирантам гуманитарных специальностей.
This chapter Theoretical Underpinning, Methodology, Research Questions describes the context of the academic background of the monograph. It presents a literature review primarily focused on the qualitative methodologies employed in Chaps. 4 and 5. It first sets the scene for the ontological and epistemological paradigms that underpin the research and then focuses on two main methodological approaches: grounded theory and narrative inquiry.KeywordsOntologyEpistemologyResearch paradigmsQuantitative and qualitative research methodsGrounded theoryNarrative inquiry
This qualitative case study investigated L2 readers’ semester-long experiences with web-based pre-class peer discussions (WPPD). Data were collected from a university L2 reading course and included field notes on 21 students’ web-based learning activities and in-class learning activities, interviews with these students, and their reflections. Through a qualitative analysis of these data sources, the study revealed that the L2 readers felt that the WPPD created an engaging peer-learning platform for their pre-class learning. The students also felt that their WPPD, buttressed by their instructor’s in-class assistance, gradually facilitated their pre-class navigation of a new text, as exemplified by their questions and answers about the deep meaning of the text. The study concludes that despite the L2 readers’ individual differences regarding their need for teacher assistance, they perceived WPPD as useful for their pre-learning activities motivating them to engage in peer learning and develop subject knowledge, especially in L2 contexts, where understanding the deep meaning of L2 texts at the content level is emphasized.
The purpose of the current paper is to examine the development in the nature of followers’ trust in the leader during funding reform oriented organisational changes in a higher education organisation (HEO). Funding systems of HEOs are subjects of public reform. This development has pushed the organisations towards more business-oriented management and organisational culture and has created a demand for the communication of the leadership to maintain followers’ trust towards the leader and the organisation. The focus of this study is on the receiving end of this leader communication. Prior studies show that trust has a significant meaning in organisational contexts in strengthening members’ willingness to work towards mutual goals, interact with other members, and reduce self-protecting behaviour. The data of this qualitative case study comprises primary data consisting of followers’ texts and complementary data of a job satisfaction survey. The data was analysed using typology, which provided the basis for creating a metaphor for the findings. The findings suggest that during times of change in an organisational environment, the nature of followers’ trust in the leader seems to develop from an interpersonal level to an institutional level.
This chapter provides an overview of the professions in which the study was conducted: the so-called “learned professions” of accounting, engineering and industrial psychology. This provides an idea of what is required to qualify in each of these professions as well as the structures and practices within the profession that either facilitate or constrain qualification. These include support structures such as bursary schemes and bridging courses, all of which provide access to the profession and support disadvantaged aspirant professionals in achieving professional status successfully. Details of the research process that underpinned the project presented here are also provided. This includes an overview of the perspectives informing the project, a description of the research design and a short biography of each of the participants.KeywordsDescription of professionalsDescription of professional contextsResearch design
The transnational focus in migration studies since the turn of the 20th century has discussed migrants and their migration activities as spanning both origin and destination countries. Migrants' lives and their activities in both origin and destination countries have also been discussed in‐depth in several studies. However, businesses that facilitate in‐kind transnational links migrants maintain with their relatives and friends back home have received far less attention in the literature. This paper bridges this gap by focusing extensively on ‘door‐to‐door’ a transnational business model that makes in‐kind remittance transfers possible for migrants and their friends and relatives. This exploratory paper discusses the origins, structure, and operations of these businesses in Ghana and in the United Kingdom and the benefits as well as challenges they encounter within the transnational space. We do this by drawing on interviews conducted with Ghanaian migrant‐owned shipping businesses in the United Kingdom and their partners in Ghana.
Purpose
Many newly established Internet loss-making enterprises (NEILEs) are always willing to expand overseas within a very short time from their establishment. This phenomenon is becoming a hot research area. This paper aims to explore why these enterprises are always willing to expand overseas rapidly even if they are facing severe and persistent losses, and to study the different rapid internationalization modes and the international market entry ways for NEILEs.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper constructs a theoretical framework with the dual situation of negative attainment discrepancy and advantageous slack resources to explain the rapid internationalization of NEILEs. Furthermore, cross-case comparative analysis method, based on interviews, questionnaires and secondary data collection, is adopted to reveal the rapid internationalization modes and the international market entry ways of such enterprises.
Findings
Whether blocking competitors or seeking opportunities or both, NEILEs' goal of rapid internationalization depends on the severity and persistence of negative attainment discrepancy. When the severity and persistence of negative attainment discrepancy are very significant, moderate and mild, NEILEs choose sniper-type, opportunity-type and dual-type internationalization target mode in turn; it is very important for NEILEs to match advantageous slack resources and international market entry ways to achieve specific internationalization goals.
Research limitations/implications
This paper enriches the understanding of NEILEs' transnational entrepreneurial behavior in the era of digital economy. The theoretical contribution of this paper is that the authors build a theoretical framework based on the logical starting point, the logical fulcrum and the logic ending point for understanding the rapid internationalization of NEILEs.
Practical implications
This study demonstrates that NEILEs can also expand into foreign markets according to their own characteristics. Undoubtedly, they need to choose appropriate internationalization target mode and international market entry way in line with the extent and duration of their losses, and their advantageous slack resources.
Originality/value
In this paper, the authors construct the rapid internationalization theory of NEILEs based on the dual situation of negative attainment discrepancy and advantageous slack resources in digital economy era. Moreover, the authors discover the behavioral characteristics and patterns of NEILEs' transnational entrepreneurship.
This article focuses on Hussein Chalayan’s Memory Dress as a case study and applies content analysis on it so as to point out the similarities between the critical avant-garde method of Derridean deconstruction and avant-garde fashion design. A coding schema is utilized to standardize the content analysis conducted on the variety of styles of the Memory Dress. The study focuses on the design details of the Memory Dress such as the convertible high-stand collar, the shiny button, the vertical needle stitch, the horizontal double stitches and the chest patch pocket and studies each category separately under the Derridean concepts of intertextuality, trace and différance. The coding schema reveals the visual equivalence of each Derridean concept through the qualitative analysis conducted on the visual images of the garment. This way, the article explains an avant-garde garment’s structure in relation to deconstructivist norms. With such intention, the article demonstrates how a garment structurally embodies and visually communicates the Derridean notions of intertextuality, trace and différance. By materializing abstract, philosophical terms on design details, and motifs, the article highlights the parallelism between postmodern critical thinking, and avant-garde creativity.
Public schools in southern Thailand have witnessed a sharp decline in school enrollment and have struggled to remain open due to an ongoing separatist insurgency since 2004. The purpose of this sequential exploratory mixed methods research is to examine the current situation and the psychosocial factors impacting public school enrollment in southern Thailand. This collective case study took place in seven school sites in the complex socio-cultural context amid armed conflict. The qualitative design was integrated into a questionnaire survey with three hundred pupils to further explore a hypothesis model with larger samples. The quantitative analysis supported the causal relationships between family background, educational management, social support, resilience, and public school enrollment. This paper offers some policy recommendations to promote public school enrollment in southern Thailand.
The chapter presents a project that aims at bridging journalists and public relations practitioners in Romania. In the introductory part, the author reflects on the characteristics of the PR-journalism relationship in the historical context. Then, the chapter analyzes several digital challenges that influence the contemporary communication industry. The concept of hybridity between journalism and strategic communication, and the solution of educating journalists in public relations literacy will be unpacked. The empirical research focuses on the case study (the campaign “#RespectJurnalistii” [Respect Journalists], the digital platform “2Value Reporters,” and the app “2Value”) that is informed by document analysis, participatory observation, and semi-structured interviews with the initiators of the project.
Start-ups operating under conditions of uncertainty and limited resources face several challenges for strategic internal communication. Meanwhile, their efforts in welcoming newcomers are of vital importance for the achievement of organisational success. This study investigates what the start-up context means for strategic organisational entry communication. Following a review of research at the intersection of HRM and entrepreneurship with implications for strategic entry communication, entrepreneurs and newcomers in six start-ups were interviewed. A thematic analysis resulted in the identification of three themes of challenges for strategic communication connected to welcoming newcomers in start-ups, namely: Aspects related to the overall organisational context and situation, aspects related to newcomers’ job content and design, and finally entrepreneurs’ communication skills, knowledge, and time resources. The discussion shows implications of the start-up context for strategic organisational entry communication as regards opportunities for strategic communication, as well as the content and form of the strategic entry communication. The study contributes to the body of knowledge on strategic communication in start-ups by drawing on research from the intersection of HRM and entrepreneurship, as well as generating new empirical insights highlighting challenges to strategic internal communication in start-ups, especially for the purpose of welcoming newcomers.
In November 2019, the unfolding social and political situation in Hong Kong (HK) forced the closure of university campuses. The situation extended in 2020 due to COVID-19, with HK responding to the pandemic's earliest stage in February 2020. When face-to-face interaction was forbidden, traditional methods of engagement needed to be replaced with innovative, creative and technologically driven modes of teaching. This paper examines the adoption of a virtual design studio (VDS) at the Caritas Institution of Higher Education (CIHE) in Hong Kong. Analysed data informs both positives and challenges of VDS adaptation and indicative of underlying issues regarding communication, interaction, isolation and need for re-approaching architectural education. These lessons learnt can be further applied at other higher education virtual design studios.
There are extensive studies of environmental corporate social responsibility at the macro level. However, the study of the impact of environmental corporate social responsibility on employees’ work-related outcomes is inchoate. Drawing on social identity theory and signaling theory, this paper investigates the impact of environmental corporate social responsibility on employees’ green innovative behaviors. The mediating role of perceived meaningfulness at work and the moderating role of moral identity are also investigated. Data were collected via a time-lagged and multisource survey. The study analyzed the responses of 271 employees of Chinese enterprises. Hypotheses were examined using hierarchical regression analysis and bootstrapping. The results indicated environmental corporate social responsibility to be positively related to employees’ green innovative behaviors. Perceived meaningfulness at work mediates the link between environmental corporate social responsibility and employees’ green innovative behaviors. Moreover, moral identity moderates the relationship between environmental corporate social responsibility and perceived meaningfulness at work. The indirect effect of environmental corporate social responsibility on employees’ green innovative behaviors via perceived meaningfulness at work is also moderated by moral identity. Theoretical contributions and practical implications of the study are discussed.
This dissertation aims to improve work conditions in office buildings by implementing vertical greenery systems such as green façades and living walls in semi-arid climates. Since building energy performance is characterized by their electrical systems and thermal exchanges through the building envelope, which is primarily defined by glazing systems in the façades, covering glazed façades with a vegetation layer can play a key role in the energy-saving and thermal comfort of buildings.
This research evaluates, through the building simulation method, the influence of green façades in thermal comfort, energy consumption, and the heating and cooling loads of an office building in Denver city with a semi-arid climate condition. Furthermore, the psychological and physical performance of vertical gardens as a nature-based solution and, from the perspective of biophilic cities and philosophy has been assessed through a review of previous studies related to the effect of greenery systems in office buildings. A green façade can also be used as a retrofit option for office building refurbishment. A case study was created as a building model to investigate the influence of green façades and green façade configuration on their performance prediction in semi-arid climates. Additionally, for a better understanding of vertical garden performance in semi-arid regions, simulation case studies in Barcelona with a Mediterranean climate (as articles) and Denver with a semi-arid climate as the context of this dissertation were conducted and their results were compared together.
The information generated from the simulation of bare and green façade configurations as a double-skin façade was in- corporated into qualitative theories trying to predict human
comfort aspects in the work environment.
For balancing energy-saving measures through green façade refurbishment, four qualitative criteria serve as the foundation for occupant psychological and physical comfort, and their impact on productivity has been established. These criteria are: the requirement for appropriate indoor air temperature, indoor air quality, daylight availability for the psychological performance of users, and perceived control over the façade by a vegetation layer in workplaces.
Finally, a new concept of vertical gardens was introduced by integrating biology and technology in architecture, which may solve the issue of weather conditions and water scarcity in some climates, such as semi-arid climates, for implementing vertical gardens.
Purpose
This paper aims at examining the prospects and possibilities of autoethnography in trust research. The focus of this study is on trust-building in a management team from an esthetic leadership perspective. The empirical context of the study is the organization of higher education during a funding reform.
Design/methodology/approach
This study adopted a qualitative research strategy with co-produced autoethnographic methods. The data comprised the researcher's diary, field notes and written texts from informants. Autoethnographic methods were applied in data gathering; more precisely, the data were collected by the moving observing method of shadowing and complemented with the management team's written texts reporting their feelings. The data were analyzed by constructing autoethnographic vignettes and a critical frame story.
Findings
The findings of the study contribute to the methodological discussion of autoethnographic research when studying a complex phenomenon such as trust-building. The findings suggest that the role of authenticity in trust-building may vary depending on the esthetic leadership style. Furthermore, the findings contribute to the esthetic leadership theory by a proposal of esthetic reassurance as intentional leader-embodied communication aiming to reinforce follower trust in a leader.
Originality/value
Co-produced autoethnography is applied in studying trust-building. Furthermore, this paper provides an inside view of the meaning of esthetics in leader-follower relationships in higher education organizations.
This paper aims to synthesize two emerging streams of literature in tourism, i.e., service design and destination ecosystem, and develops a conceptual framework for service design for the destination tourism service ecosystem (DTSE). We first collected and evaluated 103 articles in 48 journals to construct a conceptual framework. Three core themes revealed from the literature review include service concept, service ecosystem and service process. Based on the thematic findings, we built a two-level nested framework of a DTSE and developed an integrated model for the service design on a DTSE. A case study of Tangbu Village in China was used to expound the practical application of the model. By incorporating the social-ecological system dynamics thinking and coopetition among actors within the destination ecosystem, the paper advances the two streams of research of destination ecosystem and tourism service design and further proposes an agenda for future research.
Government communication system encounter extension and selling complexity. The aim of the study is to know how interrelation of government communication sub system in encounter extension and selling complexity in Kaligesing goat farming in Purworejo regency. The theory of the study is communication system in perspective of Niklas Luhmann. The study was used explorative case study method. The result of the study showed that extension sub system and breeding sub system not optimal in interrelation. So, information which produced and reproduced not solved complexity effectively.
Due to the current shortage of traditional public space because of its privatization, commercialization, and securitization, there is an urgent need to reclaim areas affected by motorized traffic in the urbanized areas. On the other hand, the process of adapting them for new purposes should be carefully carried out, addressing several issues, among them environmental acoustics. This study is meant to contribute to our understanding of acoustic conditions of a general model of the bridge underspace. Therefore, the aim of the research was to examine the existing acoustic climate by measuring noise levels and comparing them with equivalent acceptable noise levels for the expected type of space development and Noise Rating curves. In this research, a pilot case study approach was used, as measurements were taken for a chosen space located under an elevated road that represents certain criteria set by the researchers. The results allowed us to: (1) verify the relationship between the geometry of the bridge underspace and the noise levels, (2) assess the initial acoustic conditions in terms of possibilities of acoustic adaptation of the examined space for outdoor public events, and (3) formulate hypotheses and preliminary assumptions for the planned further and broader studies of the issues raised in this article. The presented results and their analysis show that it is possible to bring the acoustic conditions in the studied space to the state required for public or cultural meeting spaces. In comparison with earlier findings, the research undertaken appears to be pioneering and the results can be used as valuable input for further research on this topic.
Este estudo identificou os fatores determinantes da adoção voluntária da XBRL para transmissão de informações via SICONFI pela administração pública de um município paranaense de pequeno porte. Trata-se de um estudo de caso único exploratório cujas proposições teóricas fundamentaram-se na Abordagem Contingencial. Pela análise de conteúdo; triangulação de dados; e análise de adequação do padrão, verificou-se que o Ambiente é um fator externo que afeta o Tamanho, Tarefas e Estratégia organizacionais. Estas afetam a Centralização, Formalização, Estratificação e Complexidade da Estrutura. Todavia, há influência da Estrutura sobre a adoção da XBRL por meio da dimensão de Complexidade, que, junto ao Potencial de Investimento, Informatização, Expectativas Legais, Tratamento de Dados e Intenções da Gestão, caracterizam uma Perspectiva Endógena de influência. De uma Perspectiva Exógena a adoção da XBRL é afetada por Condições Tecnológicas, Qualitativas e de Implantação.
Central-local dynamics are crucial to understand the implementation of China's reform policies and regional economic development. Until recently, the research has focused on either end of the political spectrum, celebrating the top-down channeling of neoliberal-like reforms led by the central government or detailing the bottom-up process of policy innovation and entrepreneurism centred on local states. Knowledge is not substantial about how the central state interacts with local authorities in the localization of central public policies and, to a lesser extent, why some policies are properly implemented at the local level but others not. Through investigating the implementation of major national low-income housing policies in Chengdu and Shanghai, we interrogate three proposed theoretical constructs: political conformity, entrepreneurial governance and local contingency. Results show that institutional conformity manifests in cross-scale consistency in policy goals, political obligation of local states to conform to the central authority, and balance between local incentives and central state sanctions. In the process of balancing local and central interests, the local development priorities are framed along the line of local state entrepreneurism favoring fiscal responsibility, economic efficiency, and economic growth. Finally, locally contingent factors often interact with and mediate external forces and have a significant impact on localizing public policies in China.
This paper examines the issue of student choice across subject streams in recent government reforms to China’s National College Entrance Exam (NCEE). Utilizing data from a case study of an urban high school in Beijing, it argues that student choice of subjects across previous streams of science or fine arts runs counter to existing institutional structures at the secondary and higher education level, consideration of pedagogical techniques that differ by streams, and a “bias” for science grounded in sociohistorical concerns of national development.
The topics of counselling and reconciliation seem controversial in developing countries because of their intrigued relationship. Likewise, the goal and processes are in question across cultures. In this study, qualitative research approach employing a case study method was carried out with deliberately selected elder counsellors in the Oromo community. Data were gathered using interviews and observations in the field. The results indicated that reconciliation is concurrently practised with counselling, which is the most important instrument to manage differences and to calm everyone involved. It serves to maintain peace and stability between conflicting groups and kinship; saves lives and prevents destruction of property; assists in progressing community rules and regulations; and supports family challenges. The research also identified that processes, tools of operation and time to conduct vary between communities. In conclusion, the goal of counselling and reconciliation is to retain peace and stability through thorough discussion, self‐evaluation and redeeming processes. Equally, pre‐ and post‐counselling sessions in reconciliation are useful approaches cohesive with reality and truth‐seeking behaviours to settle disputes in the community.
In this chapter, Willocks and Moralee argue that, within the field of leadership studies, there has been a significant shift away from individualistic, trait and ‘heroic’ ways of conceptualising leadership towards what have been termed ‘post-heroic’ approaches. Leadership-as-practice (LAP) is one such approach that accounts for collective, collaborative and emergent aspects of leadership in the ongoing flow of organisational practices. This chapter attends to the current dearth of empirical examples of LAP, notably within healthcare, by drawing on a UK NHS case study. Their analysis offers insight into different healthcare leadership ‘practices’ and the intricate connections between them, considering conceptual implications by highlighting the tensions and complexities that underpin LAP and the way in which policy context, culture and history inform ongoing emergent leadership processes.
Objective
To explore how four small towns in rural New South Wales known as the 4Ts are addressing challenges accessing quality care and sustainable health services through a collaborative approach to workforce planning using the collaborative care framework.
Design
Descriptive case study approach.
Setting
The collaborative care project was developed as a result of ongoing partnerships between 2 rural Local Health Districts, 2 Primary Health Networks and a non-governmental health workforce organisation. The collaboration works with 5 subregions each comprising 2 or more rural communities. This paper focuses on the 4Ts subregion.
Participants
Stakeholders of the collaborative design including organisations and the community.
Intervention
A place-based approach to co-designing health services with community in one sub-region of Western New South Wales.
Main outcome measures
A synthesis of field observations and experiences of community and jurisdictional partners in implementation of the 4Ts subregional model. Mapping of implementation processes against the collaborative care framework.
Results
The collaborative care framework is a useful planning and community engagement tool to build health workforce literacy and to impact on system change at the local level. We identify key elements of effectiveness in establishing the 4Ts model, including the need for coordinated health system planning, better integrating existing resources to deliver services, community engagement, building health workforce literacy and town-based planning.
Conclusion
This study adds to the body of knowledge about how to successfully develop a collaborative primary health care workforce model in practice. The findings demonstrate that the implementation of a collaborative primary health care workforce model using the collaborative care framework can improve service access and quality, which in turn might facilitate workforce sustainability.
Background
In 2017 Public Health England and Sport England commissioned a Consultant-led Sport and Exercise Medicine (SEM) pilot to test the feasibility and acceptability of embedding physical activity interventions in secondary care clinical pathways. The aim of this paper is to report qualitative findings exploring the experience of healthcare professionals (HCPs) and patients involved in the Active Hospital pilot.
Methods
Qualitative data was collected by semi-structured interviews with Active Hospital pilot SEM Consultants, and staff and patients involved in three clinical pathways. Interviews with SEM Consultants explored the experience of developing and implementing the pilot. Interviews with staff and patients explored the experience of delivering and receiving Active Hospital interventions. Data were analysed thematically.
Results
Interviews identified the importance of the Active Hospital pilot being Consultant-led for the following reasons; i) having trusting relationships with decision makers, ii) having sufficient influence to effect change, iii) identifying champions within the system, and iv) being adaptable to change and ensuring the programme fits within the wider strategic frameworks. HCPs emphasised the importance of the Active Hospital interventions fitting easily within existing work practices, the need for staff training and to tailor interventions for individual patient needs. The Active Hospital pilot was well received by patients, however a lack of dedicated resource and capacity to deliver the intervention was highlighted as a challenge by both patients and HCPs.
Conclusion
The SEM Consultants’ ability to navigate the political climate of a large National Health Service (NHS) Trust with competing agendas and limited resource was valuable. The interventions were well received and a valued addition to usual clinical care. However, implementation and ongoing delivery of the pilot encountered challenges including lack of capacity within the system and delays with recruiting to the delivery teams in each pathway.
Implementing design thinking for innovation (DTI) is seen as a way to balance exploration and exploitation, and thus attain an ambidextrous innovation portfolio. Yet, transitioning to ambidexterity is challenging, and is often met with inertia. So how can managers implement DTI as a path towards ambidextrous innovation? In this article, based on an in‐depth longitudinal case study of a leading Australian property development firm and drawing on rich primary and secondary data collected over four years, we examine how middle managers leveraged DTI to respond to inertia generatively, and how this process helped shift the cognitive frame of the organization toward ambidexterity. In our case, the middle manager flexibly implemented three DTI practices— (1) creative problem‐solving, (2) sprint execution, and (3) creative confidence —in response to inertia and transition the organization’s cognitive frame from an explorative to exploitative, to ultimately an ambidextrous innovation frame. Our argument is that these DTI practices trigger three generative mechanisms—frame flexibility, co‐optation, and collective sensemaking—that underpin the cognitive integration that supported this transition. Drawing on these insights, we develop a process framework of how different DT practices and related generative mechanisms can be deployed flexibly to adapt to the interim (explorative and exploitative) innovation objectives over time. We argue that freezing the innovation frame in each phase can trigger a generative response to inertia, which enables the organization to transition more radically to an ambidextrous innovation portfolio. We thus contribute to the limited design thinking research on the role of cognition in DTI implementation, and more generally to innovation management and ambidexterity research on how leveraging DTI to achieve an ambidextrous innovation portfolio is an emergent and adaptive process.
With no doubt, the adoption of Artificial Intelligence applications in customer service reduces the time to market. Nevertheless, the question remains whether or not its adoption in production and logistics will transform the supply chain into a more agile one in developing countries context. Manufacturers are increasingly facing global competition to fulfil incoming orders within limited lead time, and in compliance with the international quality standards, also supporting a customised service. The emergence of industry 4.0 brought many promises to the leading firms. This research paper gives insight information for applying AI algorithms in production cycle then monitoring the production process and subsequently leading to strategic and tactical engineering decisions through the investigation of a number of case studies. The investigation demonstrates that incorporating AI technologies and machine learning opens up fresh perspectives on a variety of topics, including warehousing and logistics management, cooperation, and supply chain management. AI is embraced by business for productivity improvement, given the fact that the more AI adoption rate, the less employment rate and wages will be. Information & Communication Technology alignment model is endorsed in this paper in order to grant fostering of an environment that streamlines, incentivizes and supports AI expansion prior the implementation of any AI practices to ensure its successful and justified investments. The research concludes that the process is extremely challenging in the context of emerging economies which is restricted with low wages rate, inadequate labour skills and insufficient financial resources.
Continuing professional development (CPD) for teachers in vocational education and training (VET) in Norway has largely been either the responsibility of each individual teacher or a by-product of teachers’ cooperation related to student placements. Additionally, VET teachers’ professional development is influenced by external drivers. These factors are assumed to shape teachers’ knowledge and learning; accordingly, we investigate how VET teachers perceive their opportunities for CPD and how principals and department heads facilitate this development. Through analysis of interviews with teachers and school leaders in two vocational schools in Norway, we find that external drivers are pulling CPD in a collective and general direction, and little attention is given to VET teachers’ specific needs. The development of vocational knowledge remains largely up to individual VET teachers and is connected to student activities, usually in cooperation with industry (in this case, the restaurant and food processing industry) while the school leadership carries out the authorities’ orders. We argue that school leaders must understand and facilitate CPD for VET teachers in a more nuanced way, tailoring it to their vocation. This implies an emphasis on working community competence, together with other knowledge domains, and the responsibility of school leaders to increase awareness of and facilitate CPD for VET teachers is underscored.
Purpose – This study examines how emerging market multinational enterprises operating in the service sector manage knowledge and team members in their overseas subsidiaries and what role expatriates play in their operations.
Design/methodology/approach – We use a multiple case study design and interview 20 senior managers representing 16 Indian IT firm’s subsidiaries in Australia. The onsite-offshore concept and the SECI model are used to explain the knowledge management process.
Findings – The findings show that Indian IT firms mostly transfer knowledge from their headquarters in the parent country to their subsidiaries in the host country using the onsite-offshore model where work is divided and coordinated between team members situated between the two locations. Furthermore, the host country subsidiaries have limited independence in decision-making due to a forward, one-way diffusion of knowledge, thus limiting a two-way interaction between the HQ and the subsidiary for opportunities to create and exchange new knowledge.
Originality/Value – The study is one of the few to investigate the onsite-offshore phenomenon in service-based emerging market multinational enterprises.
Our research examines the impact of religion on the humane orientation of entrepreneurs. Specifically, we studied whether and how humane entrepreneurship (HumEnt) is guided by the entrepreneur’s religious background. We conducted qualitative semistructured interviews with 16 entrepreneurs across four of India’s major religions: Hinduism, Islam, Jainism, and Sikhism. We found that HumEnt matters in entrepreneurial ventures and across industries. Further, we noted deep connections between HumEnt and religion, with entrepreneurs indicating a pervasive influence of religion on the multiple dimensions of the HumEnt construct. Yet, in terms of religion’s impact on the three specific HumEnt dimensions, we also noticed significant differences across the four religious groups.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.