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Studies on effect of age of fruit, age of inoculum and inoculum load on development of alternaria fruit rot of brinjal caused by Alternaria alternata

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Abstract

Alternaria fruit rot caused by Alternaria alternata was observed on fruits of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) as dark brown-black concentric rings. Studies on effect of age of fruit, age of inoculum and inoculum load were tested for per cent disease incidence of A. alternata. The maximum disease incidence (15.90 and 18.26%) was observed on four days old fruits at 4th and 7th days after incubation inoculated with 10 days old inoculum and with 106 inoculum load (spores/ml) at 25±1°C temperature.

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... Maximum mycelial growth and sporulation of the fungus was observed at 30ºC temperature followed by 25ºC whereas minimum was observed at 15ºC temperature in in vitro conditions. Bochalya et al. (2013a) mycelial growth and sporulation were tested under in vitro condition. The maximum disease incidences (15.90 and 18.26) was observed on four days old fruit at 4 th and 7 th day after incubation inoculated with 10 days olds inoculum and with 106 inoculum load (spores/ml) at 25±1°C temperature. ...
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Brinjal, eggplant or aubergine (Solanum melongena L.) is a major vegetable crop of India after potato. It is grown in all seasons and almost in all the parts of India except on higher altitudes. Leaf spot of disease were appears in two phases leaf spot and fruit rot caused by Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler. It is mainly an outdoor whose spores disseminate in warm, dry air, so in temperate climate, their count peacks in the summers. Pathogen on crop plants reason huge yield losses, reduce the economic value of the crop plants in conventional production system and are very difficult to manage. Survey conducted in Brinjal fields in the different climatic condition was recorded the disease intensity of leaf spot (A. alternata). The maximum leaf spot disease intensity 39.01% was recorded in old plants, whereas, it was minimum disease intensity recorded in 9.20% in newly plant in areas surveyed. Fruit rot disease incidences was recorded more than 50%. In leaf spot symptoms is as small, circular, brown, necrotic spots with a chlorotic halo. They gradually emerged and coalesced are causing withering and shedding of the leaves. There are concentric rings with a deep greenish blue growth of the fungus. Lower leaves are first attacked than upper leaves and fruit. The fungus is isolated from infected leaves and found to be pathogenic as seed and spore cum myceial suspension under artificial inoculation condition. Microscopic observations of the isolated fungus revealed that the mycelium is septate, with dark brown hyphae and conidia, when observed singly and irregularly branched, measuring 2.7-4.4 µm in width. The conidiophores are dark brown in color, septate, branched and measured 34.0-93.0 µm in length and 3.4-9.0 µm in width. The conidia are dic-tyospores and transversely septate. The environmental factors during the crop season play and important role in disease development because temperature and relative humidity are two important external factors, which is influence the growth of pathogen as well as it pathogenesis. Maximum disease occurred when temperature are ranged from a maximum of 28.7-32.2 o C to a minimum of 15.5-20.3 o C and relative humidity from 62.74 % to 32.46%. Management of leaf spot and fruit rot are fungicides like Indofil Z-78, Vitavax, Benlate, Thiram, Karathane, Calaxin, Rid-omil, Miltox, Plantvax, Captan, Brestan-60, Dithane M-45, Difolatan, Cuman L, carbendazim+mancozeb, copper oxychloride, iprodione, thiophanate methyl , Zineb, propecanazole and hexacanazole gave satisfactory management, but are dangerous to the ecosystem. Other methods are managing alternaria
... The disease first makes its appearance in young seedling. It attacks leaves and then spreads to fruits which subsequently rot and become unfit for consumption (Bochalya et al., 2012). Initially disease appears as small, dark brown and sunken spots, which subsequently gets converted into concentric rings and then become olivaceous dark brown lesion due to spore formation. ...
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Alternaria leaf spot caused by Alternaria alternata is one of the important foliar diseases of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) The present study on severity of Alternaria leaf spot of brinjal in Kashmir valley was conducted during kharif 2016. An extensive survey was conducted in three districts of Kashmir valley viz., Anantnag, Baramulla, and Budgam revealed that disease was prevalent in all the three districts with mean disease incidence and intensity of 30.76 and 9.77 per cent, respectively. The maximum disease incidence of 38.68 and intensity of 14.07 per cent was observed in district Budgam and minimum disease incidence of 21.73 and intensity of 5.88 per cent was observed in district Anantnag.
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