No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the authors.
Morphological and anatomical circumscription for the identification of two source plants of aphrodisiac medicine Chlorophytum borivilianum Santapau & Fernandes and Chlorophytum tuberosum (Roxb.)Baker
... Chlorophytum borivilianum Santapau and Fernandes (family: Asparagaceae; subfamily: Anthericoideae) (Santapau and Fernandes, 1955;Govaerts, 1999) has 6-16, radical, 13-23 cm  1-2.5 cm in size, spirally imbricate at the base, sessile, linear ovate leaves; small, white, bracteates, pedicellate with joints, zygomorphic flowers arranged in alternate clusters; brown to black skinned, white after peeling, characteristic odor, tasteless, 3-20 in number, fleshy, 8-25 cm long roots; green-yellow colored, loculicidal capsule, triquetrous, bear 3-12 seeds in each fruit and small, black, angular in shape, endospermic seeds (Paturde et al., 2000;Singh et al., 2004aSingh et al., , 2004bSingh et al., , 2012Mandal and Nandi, 2012). ...
... Chlorophytum borivilianum and Chlorophytum tuberosum (Roxb.) Baker, have quite similar morphological features, causing problem to ready identification in the field and also in dry forms. Mandal and Nandi (2012) observed that Chlorophytum tuberosum is slightly taller and have undulated leaf margins while, in Chlorophytum borivilianum leaf margins are plane. Moreover, floral morphology is also one of the distinguishing features among these species. ...
Safed musli (Chlorophytum borivilianum) is an eminent medicinal plant of India and considered as a 'white gold' or 'divya aushad' in Indian systems of medicine. In Ayurveda, C. borivilianum belongs to the group of "Vajikaran Rasayana' corroborated to its rejuvenating, aphrodisiac, natural sex tonic properties and effective in alleviating sexual disorders. It is largely used as ethnic medicine by local healers of indigenous communities of India.
A thorough bibliographic investigation was carried out by analyzing worldwide accepted scientific data base (Pub Med, SciFinder, Scopus and Web of Science), thesis, recognized books, non impact and non indexed journals.
Traditionally, C. borivilianum is well known for treating male impotency in India. The multi therapeutic and nutritional importance of C. borivilianum is attributed to the rich source of phytochemicals particularly saponins. Recently, C. borivilianum has gained well established domestic (Indian) and international market for being herbal alternative of "Viagra" without any side effects. Under the trade name 'Nai Chetna', the state government of Gujrat, India, has launched a novel potency drug from C. borivilianum. Modern pharmacological studies of C. borivilianum have demonstrated a wide range of pharmacological activities, most importantly aphrodisiac, immunomodulatory and anticancer activities.
The increased commercial exploitation of C. borivilianum and low productivity of this endangered plant has raised the concern over its conservation. It has been envisaged that efforts should be made to standardize, encourage and popularize the cultivation of C. borivilianum as a commercial crop. The analysis of previous pharmacological investigations suggested lack of substantial scientific evidences in various studies and do not stand the test of critical assessment. Due to high economic value, C. borivilianum has also encountered a problem of adulteration with closely resembling medicinally inferior species. The studies available on toxicity, safety and quality of C. borivilianum are inadequate for providing information on commercial utilization. Thus, the present review summarizes comprehensive information on C. borivilianum and possible scope for future research to fill the existing lacunae on its different aspects of the study.
... C. borivilianum Santapau and Fernandes is member of Liliaceae or Asparagaceae family, and Anthericoideae subfamily (Santapau et al., 1955;Govaerts, 1999) and having 6 to 16 radical of (13 to 23 × 1 to 2.5) cm sized, sessile, imbricated spirally at base, lineal ovate leaves; smaller, whitish, bracteate, pedicellate with joint, zygomorphic blooms placed in alternative fascicles; brownish to blackish barked, whitish after scrapping, tasteless, characteristic odor, fleshy, 3 to 20 in number, 8 to 25 cm longer roots; greenish-yellow colored, triquetrous, loculicidal capsule, bears 3 to 12 seeds inside every fruits and black, smaller, angular shaped, endospermical seeds (Mandal et al., 2012;Singh et al., 2004aSingh et al., , b, 2012Paturde et al., 2000). ...
Chlorophytum borivilianum belongs to Liliaceae or Asparagaceae family is a conventional scarce Indian therapeutic herb generally utilized for treating numerous clinical states. It’s a significant medication usually versed as 'Safed Musli'. It offers extremely broad spectrum of medicinal properties in the systems of Homeopath, Ayurveda, Unani, and Allopathy. Within the Ayurvedic erudition, C. borivilianum is commended as a Divya Aushadhi with incomparable therapeutic benefits. It’s a main element for preparing over 100 Ayurvedic preparations. Chlorophytum borivilianum is broadly propagated all through India. Significant phytoconstituents revealed from C. borivilianum roots incorporate essentially fructans and fructoligosaccharides (FOS), steroidal saponins, phenolics, proteins and acetylated mannans. In this chapter, the botanical descriptions, ethno-medicinal uses, phytoconstituents, and biologic activities of the different plant parts, along with the molecular targets of C. borivilianum are included which may play a suitable base for additional research on this plant.
... Joshi and S. D. Purohit 268 and the chemical quality was also investigated (Geetha and Maiti, 2002). Morphological characteristics were also used to differentiate C. borivilianum from the closely related C. tuberosum (Mandal and Nandi, 2012). Although the use of morphological measurements is extremely valuable, it may suffer from some disadvantages. ...
Chlorophytum borivilianum SANT. ET Fernand. (‘Safed Musli’), is a critically endangered Indian medicinal herb. The plant is valued for its tuberous roots, known for aphrodisiac properties which make it an important ingredient of herbal tonics prescribed in the Ayurvedic system of medicine in India. It is also used as an adaptogen for anti-ageing, health restorative and health-promoting purposes in many formulations currently produced at an industrial scale. The plant propagates naturally via seeds and tuberous roots however, the poor seed setting and low viability and germination rates account for its slow regeneration in natural habitats. Studies on the distribution, biology and natural reproduction of ‘Safed Musli’ have been thoroughly carried out. This has helped in the identification and selection of the right species from the spurious ones to prevent adulteration, assuring the quality and uniformity of drug produced from it. Physico-chemical screening of different plant parts, particularly the tuberous roots, has revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, saponins and tannins of different types and nature. Pharmacologically important saponins identified in the fleshy roots have particularly attracted the interest of the scientific community as they have immunomodulatory actions and help in enhancing vitality and vigour. As the species is uncontrollably harvested from its wild habitat for its valuable tuberous roots, the natural populations are diminishing at an alarming rate. Efforts have been devoted to using tissue culture biotechnology for its large-scale multiplication through micropropagation. Field-tested protocols have been developed and scaling-up strategies demonstrated at the pilot scale. Biotechnological interventions are not only limited to enhancing its multiplication but also to assess the genetic diversity through molecular markers to plan for its in situ and ex situ conservation. Molecular markers have also been used to test the genetic fidelity of the microclones produced through micropropagation methods. This review presents a comprehensive account of the available information on biology, bio/phytochemistry, diversity and biotechnological advances that have been made so far for this highly valuable medicinal herb. This review serves as an important repertoire of information that will prove useful in its sustainable management. From a global perspective, this comprehensive literature survey will possibly generate interest and create scope for future research by identifying the existing gaps in these different fields of study.
... et Fernand (Family: Asparagaceae) is an endangered perennial herb and also commonly known as Safed musli in India; England, USA: Indian spider plant, spider plant, White musale; France: chlorophytum medicinal; Saudia Arabia: Shaqaqule [36]. It is leafy herb with 20.95 ± 4.31 (cm) in height, plane leaf margin, spiral phyllotaxy, fascicles tuber, raceme inflorescence, white colour flower, perianth outwardly recurved, stamen filament longer than perianth and axillary placentation [18]. ...
The present study was commenced with the aim to optimize the proficient in vitro regeneration protocol and phytochemical constituents and their functional groups identification through FT-IR spectrum analysis. As per of our knowledge, very few or no reports are available on the effects of additives on the nodal explant of C. borivilianum. Surface sterilized explants viz. nodal segments were inoculated on MS basal medium supplemented with 19 different concentrations of cytokinins (BAP, Kinetin and zeatin). BAP at a concentration of 2 mg ml⁻¹ was found superior out of three cytokinins for shoot induction. This study confirmed that the inclusion of additives (Adenine sulphate, casein hydrolysate and putrescine) had a promoting effect on multiple shoot induction and shoot proliferation. Best response was achieved on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg l⁻¹ BAP + 1.0 mg l⁻¹ NAA + 20.0 mg l⁻¹ AdSO4 from nodal explant on 45th day of culture. For in vitro rooting, the semi solid rooting medium with IBA (2.0 mg l⁻¹) + putrescine (50.0 mg l⁻¹) was found to be best with 90% maximum field survival rate. The proposed protocol can be used for the conservation of germplasm and propagation of these endangered plant species. FT-IR spectroscopic analysis revealed the presence of alcohols, phenols, alkanes, alpha and beta-unsaturated aldehydes, ketones, aromatic amines, alkyl halides, aliphatic amines, ether linkage and alkenes might be responsible for the various medicinal properties of test plant.
... White flowers with six petals, small, black seeds enclosed in flowering boles. [6][7][8] It is used in Ayurveda, Traditional Chinese Medicine, Unani and in folklore practice as an aphrodisiac herb. It's rhizome is Shukrala, Rasayana, Vrisya, Balya, Brimhana, Madhura, Tikta, Snigdha, Sheeta, and Laghu. ...
Introduction: Chlorophytum borivilianum Sant. and F.; commonly known as Shveta Musali from the family Liliaceae is a perennial herb. It is used in Ayurveda, Traditional Chinese Medicine, Unani and in folklore practice as an aphrodisiac herb. Present study depicts pharmacognostic features of Chlorophytum borivilianum Sant. and F. collected from Nepal. Methods: Macro-microscopic analyses, physico-chemical studies and HPTLC finger printing of rhizomes of Chlorophytum borivilianum Sant. and F. were carried out according to pharmacopoeial procedures. Results: Microscopic analysis has shown presence of epidermis, cork, cortex, collenchymatous cells, starch grains, cluster crystals of calcium oxalate, idioblast, phloem, vascular bundles, pitted xylem parenchyma, sclereids, stone cells, fragment of epiblema, and acicular needles. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed presence of alkaloid, carbohydrate, carboxylic acid, resins and saponins. TLC photo-documentation revealed presence of many phyto-constituents with different Rf values and HPTLC densitometric scan of the plates showed numerous bands under short UV, long UV and 620 nm (after derivatisation). Conclusion: Chlorophytum borivilianum Sant. and F. was evaluated for its pharmacognostic features and HPTLC. These specific identities will be useful in identification and authentication of the raw drug.
Objective: Chlorophytum borivilianum and Chlorophytum tuberosum are economically and medicinally very important species in India. Both of the species look similar in nature and contain same type of saponin. So, there remains ample scopes to merchandise the plant parts or products of the second species in the name of the former, which although does not matter regarding the quality of product, but certainly do so in the parlance of economy. In the present study an effort has been made to work out the identifying characters and detail comparative accounts of both species for ready identification of entire plant, live or in herbarium and also the discrimination of drugs made from tubers of two species. Methods: Morphology and anatomical studies were carried out with the help of compound light microscope. Saponin was characterized through the HPTLC and FTIR analyses. Other phytochemical studies, pertinent to evaluation of drug quality, were also carried out. Results: Flower and tuber features of two species showed little differences. Anatomical investigation revealed greater number of xylem strands in C. tuberosum than the other. Organoleptic observations of both species expressed differences. FTIR and HPTLC analyses showed the presence of similar type of saponin in both of them. Conclusion: Consanguinity of two species makes delimitation and ready recognition of them harder. Similarities and dissimilarities between two species revealed in the present study in different forms of the plants, live or herbarium, entire or part or in powder form will succor well in discriminating them. Commercially available tuber powder of both the species can be discriminated with the aid of this study and the adulterants thereof can be checked.
Cytomixis associated with chromosomal anomalies was recorded in the meiotic division of pollen mother cells of the wild genotypes of Chlorophytum tuberosum (Roxb.) Baker for the first time. The migration of chromosomal substances was more prevalent in Meiosis-I than Meiosis-II. Cytomixis has been found both in juxtaposed cells by direct contact as well as between remote cells through cytoplasmic strands. During cytomixis, various chromosomal abnormalities, such as chromosomal stickiness, laggards, chromosomal bridges, unequal separation of chromosome, micronuclei formation and loss of chromosome, were recorded. A significant number of empty pollen formations leading to pollen sterility was recorded which is assumed to be a direct result of cytomixis.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.