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Conflict resolution, land disputes and peace building in Northern Tanzania: The role of customary institutions
... Forum members are receiving training in national laws regarding land, resources, and human rights, to strengthen their capacity as modern leaders, yet are encouraged to draw on their own forms of communication, leadership, and decision making. The forums have proven successful in fighting unwanted conservation and development interventions and land grabs, as well as resolving regional (and ethnic) conflicts, and addressing issues of women's empowerment (access to land, inheritance rules) (Goldman, Sinandei, and DeLuca 2014). ...
Participatory methods for conservation and development have been critiqued on practical, political, and theoretical grounds. In this article, we address these critiques but move beyond critique to propose ways to improve participatory techniques with local communities. We discuss a customary model of communication used by Maasai communities in Tanzania and Kenya (the enkiguena, meeting) as a starting point to begin thinking about ways to improve participation on the ground with Maasai and potentially others. We discuss the value of the enkiguena ideals as a theoretical model to build dialogues across, within, and between multiple knowledge expressions and power relations.
Key words: Maasai, enkiguena, participatory techniques.
Pakistan being multi-religious country has diverse religious communities which have been living as friends for centuries. In the recent past, few incidents of targeting the minorities were reported which labeled Pakistan as a locus of intolerance, extremism and terrorism. As matters of fact, all these troublemakers were funded by some specific international groups and prorogated illicitly by some media groups otherwise the same religious communities have been living in the same land for centuries as brothers and friends. The research is comprises a survey study about the role of Pakistani media for promotion and observing inter-faith harmony among different religious communities in Pakistan. Media has a crucial part in maintain the social pulse especially on inter-faith harmony platform. Nationally and internationally, the wave of creditability is more recognized than the quickness of media so it is pertinent to understand to regularize the media of Pakistan that they should first recheck the news and incidents through the concerned professors of the area and the government officials then break a comprehensive report to stable the creditability of their channel and paint a positive image of Pakistan all over the world. It is also found that Pakistani media is not sufficiently covering the scholars of different religions other than Islam on social life topics and on harmonic points of their religions also.
Since the late 1990s, so-called ‘alternative rites of passage’ (ARP) have gained popularity in Kenya as a strategy to end female genital mutilation (FGM). ARPs promise to end FGM while respecting indigenous cultures by mimicking the ‘traditional’ initiation ritual but with the omission of the physical cut. The limited number of studies on ARPs largely point out the approach's weaknesses and challenges. This article explores the case study of the Loita Rite of Passage, an ARP implemented among the Loita Maasai of southern Kenya and associated with NGO SAFE Maa. It analyses how the Loita Rite of Passage differs from the ARPs of other NGOs in Kenya and identifies factors for success.
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