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Abstract
The raison d'être of this volume of essays, which is drawn from the Centre's work up to 1979, is not simply that it reflects the Centre's work over these years, but that it is addressed to, and may help in, the on-going work of clarification of this emergent field of study. Cultural Studies is not, however, a 'discipline', but an area where different disciplines intersect in the study of the cultural aspects of society. The particular complex of disciplines involved, and the types of approach adopted, naturally differ from place to place. This volume, based as it is on the Birmingham Centre's work, reflects only one particular tendency. While aimed in general at supporting and underpinning these initiatives, there is no intention that this volume should stamp the field indelibly with the Centre's particular concerns. We hope that the 'openness' of our approach is reflected in the selections which follow, and that readers and users of the volume will bear this caveat in mind as they read. © 1980 Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies, University of Birmingham. All rights reserved.
... This happens because each informant interprets the meaning of the message differently with different codes. With the diversity of audiences, Hall (1980) suggests interpreting it separately based on the code that emerges from the audience's response. First, the researcher disassembled the codes like what the ITJ account constructed. ...
... After that, the researcher disassembled the code for ITJ's audience's acceptance of the content along with an explanation of the informant's social background so that he could explain how the informant could receive the content. As an analytical tool, the author will use Stuart Hall's (1980) theory of encoding and decoding codes. ...
... Encoding-Decoding Theory. Hall (1980) views each recipient of the message as an active audience. Messages in mass communication do not only stop at the audience, but the audience can criticize the messages they receive. ...
The democratic system in Indonesia supports the rise of anti-Western communities who reject the ideology of secularism, pluralism, and liberalism. Noted in several cases that occurred in Indonesia lately such as the 2017 DKI Jakarta Governor election and the 2019 presidential election as a sign of the rise of Islamic conservatism. Various actions oppose the dominant ideologies such as secularism, pluralism, and liberalism, one of them was the presence of Indonesia Tanpa Jaringan Islam Liberal (ITJ). The existence of ITJ until now voiced its rejection of the ideology of secularism, pluralism, and liberalism especially on social media. However, with the diversity of ITJ audiences, each message's reception will be different. Audiences are not always passive just accepting every message received. Therefore, this study will look at how acceptance of ITJ account followers on ITJ content using Stuart Hall's (1980) encoding-decoding theory. This study uses the constructivist paradigm and the methodology of transcendental phenomenology to understand the audience's experience in receiving content of ITJ and ideologies of secularism, pluralism, and liberalism. This research found various features of ITJ account followers in receiving the message displayed by ITJ. This study found that most informants understood and believed that Islamic religious values can be a good solution for the system government. Truly the majority of Informants are in a negotiating position. The audience does not take the dominant ideology (secularism, pluralism, liberalism, or even conservative) for granted. There is an active role of the ITJ audience in receiving information.
... People's "political leanings, socioeconomic status, personal values, religious orientation, and cultural perceptions" are also important elements (Breen, 2007b, p.7), as well as "nationally structural variables" such as economic development and media freedom (Vu et al., 2018, p.17). These factors will also influence people's ability to resist the "preferred reading" of a text, that is to say the adoption of the ideology behind the text and of its producer's meaning (Hall, 1980). Most media scholars thus agree that "audiences enjoy substantial autonomy in developing their political preferences" (Entman, 1989, p. 347). ...
... horizontal media (such as social media) and involvement in specific communities also influence our understanding of public issues by helping us to make a more personal sense of the events and issues which are reported by vertical media (Ninkovic-Slavnić, 2016). Finally, the same text will not necessarily be decoded in the same way by two members of the same audiences : audience members always interpret, although to different extent, the meaning of a text, and their reception of the latter depends on numerous factors including, non-exhaustively, their gender, race, class, political leanings, personal values and cultural perceptions influence their reception of a text (Breen, 2007b;Hall, 1980). This of course also applies to our corpus: each article may have been interpreted in many ways by different people, according to their respective sensibilities and experiences and depending on the messages about the trial which they may have received from different horizontal media. ...
... In this case, the preferred reading is that pornography is one of the main causes leading to sexual violence and that we, as a society, need to stop being shocked to actually do something about it. While some may easily adopt this preferred reading, others may not have the same "decoding process" (Hall, 1980). In a report about the case, some rugby fans who were trying to justify the attitude of the defendants for instance explained that it was not them who were to blame, but rather Northern Ireland which was "so backward" and "so Presbyterian" (McKay, 2018b, para. ...
Before discharging the jury in the Belfast Rape Trial (BRT), Judge Patricia Smyth told them that this had probably been “the most difficult trial that any jury in Northern Ireland (NI) has had to sit on” (Gallagher, 2018g, para. 147). The BRT lasted for about 40 days, with more than 30 witnesses giving evidence. Two of the four defendants, Patrick Jackson and Stuart Olding, were rugby stars at the time, and, as a result, the BRT became “the most talked about court case on the island of Ireland” (Kelly & O’Brien, 2018, 00:15), sparking a national debate on consent, victim blaming and male entitlement.
To what extent may the BRT itself be regarded as representative of rape cases in general, according to the literature on the investigation of sexual violence cases, on victim blaming, and rape myths more generally? May the media coverage of the case have accounted for the exceptional reaction to, and consequences of, the trial itself ? To what extent is it consistent with the literature on the coverage of sexual violence cases? To what extent may the existing literature on the connections between masculinity, sports and sexual violence, inform our understanding of the alleged rape as well as of the framing of the defendants by the media ?
Existing literature highlights the prevalence of sexual violence : In Northern Ireland, for instance, 46% of participants in a study on sexual violence in intimate partner relationships indicated that they had been raped by their partner (Doule & McWilliams, 2018), and Irish figures from 2002 indicate that one out of ten women experience rape at some point in their lives (McGee et al., 2002, pp. 69-70). Besides, the mishandling of rape cases and the secondary victimisation of rape complainants by the criminal justice system, and the influence of rape myths in the courtroom has long been documented (Estrich, 1987; Ehrlich, 2012; Grubb & Turner, 2012; Gillen, 2019; Kennedy, 2021), as well as the victim-blaming attitude of the media when covering rape cases and its influence in defining sexual violence and in setting the public agenda, (McCombs & Shaw, 1972; Benedict, 1992; Cuklanz 1995; Ardovini-Brooker & Caringella-MacDonald, 2002; Thacker & Day, 2017). Finally, the relationship between sexual violence, masculinity and sports has also been long established by researchers (Messner, 1990, 1992, 2005; Sabo, 1994a, 1994b; Connell, 2005). However, literature on most of these topics in Ireland and Northern Ireland is scarce. Thus, I believe that this work may contribute to the growing body of literature on these specific issues on the island of Ireland, especially given the renewed interest which they seem to have been benefiting from in the last few years.
... Specific political, cultural, and economic groups make use of media culture and regulate the lives of the general masses. Hall (1980) also puts that literature and arts project popular media culture that presents the forms of political ideologies. To him the forms of media culture are excessively political and ideology based. ...
... But the messages on screen are too strong and it is nearly impossible for the media ridden Global Language Review (GLR) people to negotiate the messages. Hall (1980) explains that every picture and every word on screen has a mass communication property. ...
... All you have to do is tell her you have too many lines to learn for tomorrow and she lets you off the hook with no homework. (9) Hall (1980) asserts that culture is a combination of binaries. These binaries are always at a disagreement with each other. ...
This study is about postmodern dread as present in Danielle Steel’s novel Silent Night
(2019). This is the latest novel by Steel that has an emotional and gripping story that involves its reader
from the first till the last word and the ray of light against all odds. Moreover, it is a story of resilience
and family integration. The selected text Silent Night was interpreted with an insight taken from
cultural studies. The theorist for this study is a famous Caribbean cultural theorist Stuart Hall. For
this study Hall's ideas of popular culture and media, culture were taken for insight. These two ideas
were simultaneously exploited for data interpretation. The primary text Silent Nights are
fundamentally about the postmodern dread of technology along with the media craze and its use by
the characters in the novel. He presents his model of encoding/decoding that deals with the
reproduction of cultures by media. Hall’s framework in turn helps illuminate important characteristics
of how journalism is ascribed meaning in a digital landscape.
... In this intervention, we take issue with this contention. Building upon extant scholarship in qualitative textual research (e.g., Ceccarelli, 2001;Eco, 1979;Joseph, 2018) and reception studies (e.g., Fiske, 1989;Hall, 1980), as well as our own long-standing experience in quantitative textual analysis, we argue that the inherent meaning multiplicity of some texts (Boxman-Shabtai, 2020) causes disagreement in classification that is not well-understood as measurement error, but reflects true properties of the classified text. After a brief review of current conceptualizations 1 Krippendorff (2016) distinguishes between replicability -that is, the property that repeated measurements yield consistent results -and reliability -that is, the property that replicable and valid measurement can be relied upon to yield meaningful insights. ...
... Likewise, and in contrast to reception studies, content analysis must not depend on what readings are eventually actualized by audiences. Such meanings are inevitably co-shaped by diverse contexts, FULL PAPER readers' motivations and salient beliefs, and thus lack the required intersubjective quality (Fiske, 1979;Hall, 1980). Whenever researchers instruct coders to assume specific reading perspectives, they do not aim to inductively find diverse meaning potentials, but determine whether a deductively defined meaning is present. ...
... The second type of meaning multiplicity arises not from the scarcity, but from the abundance of information encoded in the text and its implication for various forms of decoding (Hall, 1980). Polysemy is typically additive, aggregating meaning from the simultaneous co-presence of codes, intertextual references, and modalities that influence and infuse one another (Boxman-Shabtai, 2020; Eco, 1997). ...
Reliabilität, operationalisiert als Übereinstimmung zwischen Codie- rern, ist gemeinhin akzeptiert als eine notwendige Voraussetzung für Validität in der quan- titativen Inhaltsanalyse. Diese Sichtweise beruht auf der Annahme, dass für jedes Vorkom- men einer gemessenen Variable exakt eine korrekte Klassifizierung bestimmt werden kann. Entgegen dieser Annahme argumentieren wir hier, dass divergierende Klassifizierungen auch aufgrund von im Text verankerten Mehrdeutigkeiten entstehen können, welche nicht als Messfehler zu verstehen sind, sondern vielmehr relevante Eigenschaften des analysier- ten Materials widerspiegeln. Entsprechend entwerfen wir einen Begriff valider Nichtüber- einstimmung im Klassifizierungsprozess, welcher es erlaubt zwischen textuell verankerten, replizierbaren Mehrdeutigkeiten und Replikationsfehlern, welche die Reliabilität der Mes- sung unterminieren, zu unterscheiden. Wir unterscheiden drei in der Textanalyse weit ver- breitete Formen von Mehrdeutigkeiten – begründet in Unter-Spezifizierung, Informations- überschuss, sowie der Austauschbarkeit von Klassifizierungsmöglichkeiten – welche valide Nichtübereinstimmung zur Folge haben, aber bislang keine hinreichende Beachtung im inhaltsanalytischen Methodenkanon gefunden haben. Aufgrund einer Diskussion mögli- cher Implikationen dieser Auslassung skizzieren wir geeignete Strategien für den Umgang mit valider Nichtübereinstimmung in der inhaltsanalytischen Forschung.
... This means that audiences are no longer passive but are actively taking part, occupying a central place in the creation and resignifying of cultural content, which they then place in circulation, into the flow of communication. The concept of participatory culture has links to the active audience model put forward by Hall (1980) with regard to mass communication, which describes how a passive recipient can in turn become an active emitter by putting counter-messages into circulation that express a counter-hegemonic interpretation of the advertiser's message. According to Hall (1980), the audience decodes messages positively (dominant/hegemonic), negatively (oppositional) or neutrally (negotiated), depending on the ideology that individuals are influenced by. ...
... The concept of participatory culture has links to the active audience model put forward by Hall (1980) with regard to mass communication, which describes how a passive recipient can in turn become an active emitter by putting counter-messages into circulation that express a counter-hegemonic interpretation of the advertiser's message. According to Hall (1980), the audience decodes messages positively (dominant/hegemonic), negatively (oppositional) or neutrally (negotiated), depending on the ideology that individuals are influenced by. Consequently, the creation of countermessages by a participatory culture means an oppositional response to communication from the corporations, voicing an attack on those brands whose behaviour or communication is felt to be inappropriate or excessive for ethical, social, ideological or political reasons. ...
Subvertising is a communication phenomenon aimed at eliciting a response from citizens to advertising messages, and provides tools to fight back on a symbolic battleground. Within the current communication paradigm, subvertising stands as a form of empowerment for a better informed and more participatory active audience. Subvertising practices provide a communication response to a corporate discourse that is considered by many collectives to be manipulative and excessive in its omnipresence. Given that subvertising is such a practical phenomenon, it seems relevant to review what theoretical contributions have been made and determine the current state of research into the subject. This article presents a scoping review of publications on subvertising from 1980 through to March 2020, the main objective being to determine the intellectual output and evolution of existing research, with in-depth analysis of the texts and studies identified. The review process was carried out by searching 11 national and international databases, using 19 keywords selected in a preliminary narrative phase. The results show the evolution of existing literature by country of publication, language, document type, journal, authorship and document features. The conclusions reached indicate that the number of publications on the phenomenon of subvertising is on the rise, attracting interest from a wide range of disciplines, not solely those relating to communication.
... Pervasive presumptions and prejudices that affect how audiences perceive media communication are also challenged by embedded ideologies in semiotic resources. Stuart Hall (1980; has also made significant contributions to socio-semiotic analysis in media studies with his encoding/decoding model of communication. Departing from simplistic views of media effects, Hall proposed three possible audience positions in decoding media texts: dominant, negotiated, or oppositional. ...
... Departing from simplistic views of media effects, Hall proposed three possible audience positions in decoding media texts: dominant, negotiated, or oppositional. A dominant reading aligns with the intended meaning of the text, a negotiated reading adapts it to fit one's perspective, and an oppositional reading rejects it in favor of an alternative interpretation (Hall et al., 1980). This model emphasized the active role of audiences in interpreting media texts and highlighted the variability of interpretations based on social and cultural contexts, experiences, and expectations (Pillai, 1992). ...
Israel-Palestine conflict is embedded with multifaceted layers of historical, political, and socioeconomic complexities which has led to widespread violence, displacement, and human rights violation. This study conducts a socio-semiotic analysis of a political cartoon published in The Guardian UK newspaper, during The October 7 War, 2023. The aim is to explore how the cartoon portrays the humanitarian crisis in Palestine. Visual and textual elements both within the selected cartoon are scrutinized using Kress and Van Leeuwan's Visual Grammar framework to effectively convey its meaning. This study intents to evoke empathy, critique, and solidarity for the civilians impacted by the crisis, through an in-depth investigation of representational, interactive, compositional and contextual meaning of the cartoon, including modality, perspective and framing techniques used by the cartoonist. The results show that the political cartoons serve as a powerful source of visual communication, condensing intricate political and social matters into concise, frequently satirical, and visually captivating depictions. By unravelling the semiotic resources embedded in the cartoon, this study deepens our understanding of how visual communication influences discourse surrounding the Israel-Palestine conflict and its humanitarian aspect.
... Analisis resepsi yang dikemukakan Stuart Hall menyebut ada tiga posisi pemaknaan yaitu hegemoni dominan, negosiasi, dan oposisi. Menurut Hall (2005), khalayak akan menggunakan berbagai kategori dalam memaknai sebuah pesan media (decoding). Kategori-kategori tersebut meliputi kerangka pengetahuan, hubungan produksi, dan infrastruktur teknis yang dimiliki oleh khalayak. ...
... Hall membagi kelompok khalayak berdasarkan posisinya dalam memaknai isi teks media, yaitu posisi pembacaan dominan (dominant-hegemonic position). Hall (2005) menjelaskan bahwa pembacaan dominan adalah situasi ketika teks dari suatu media diterima secara utuh oleh khalayak. Hal ini terjadi ketika media menggunakan budaya dominan yang ada di masyarakat dalam memproduksi kontennya. ...
ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah; (1) mengetahui pemaknaan khalayak terhadap endorser Pixy Make It Glow oleh Suhay Salim (2) mengetahui apa saja pemaknaan khalayak dari produk Pixy Make It Glow oleh Suhay Salim. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analisis resepsi khalayak dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Objek dalam penelitian ini adalah endorsement Pixy Make It Glow Oleh Suhay Salim. Sedangkan subjek atau informan penelitian ini adalah penonton video Suhay Salim dalam Pixy Make It Glow yang ditentukan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis resepsi Stuart Hall. Hasil penelitian menjunjukkan bahwa; (1) terdapat empat informan berada dalam posisi dominan, semua informan kompak mengatakan endorsement Pixy versi Make It Glow oleh Suhay Salim merupakan ulasan make up yang menarik untuk dilihat karena kesamaan rasa suka dengan tren kecantikan, namun hanya satu informan yang memilih untuk tidak menggunakan lagi produk Pixy versi Make It Glow. (2) terdapat empat informan berada dalam posisi dominan, Satu dari lima informan berada di posisi dominan, sedangkan empat informan lainya berada dalam posisi negosiasi. Keempat informan memilih untuk menggunakan Pixy Make It Glow jenis cushion saja. Kata kunci: analisis resepsi, endorsement, kecantikan
... Referencing Hall's (1992) Cultural Studies tell that diverse cultures coexist in society, competing for dominance and often tied to the powerful elite. Collaboration among these cultures is crucial for hegemonic effects. ...
... If unchecked, this dominance turns into an ideology, leading to normalised oppression. Cultural change involves challenging these ideas through discourse, as discussed by Hall (1992). ...
This study explored the media representations of farmer-victims in Kidapawan City, the Philippines. Specifically, this examined how Metropolis-based news media represented the farmers who were reportedly involved in socio-political issues with the government that paved the way to the Kidapawan Massacre dated 1 April 2016. Juxtaposed with the exploration was the examination of how the oppressed and marginalised group was presented in media reports within the context of social development. This researcher employed van Dijk’s (1998, A critical discourse analysis) Critical Discourse Analysis of selected 27 tabloid news stories. This critical research led to the way of thinking that because of the government’s inaction and the media’s neoliberal-capitalistic ideology, farmers’ plight was overlooked and silenced. In this elite-dominated Philippine society as well as in the Asia-Pacific, discourses of people-centred development were relatively scant and torpid. Hence, the conceptualisation of an alternative model, that is Communication and Social Development ( Pascual, 2018 : Media representations of the Kidapawan farmers and social development communication in the Kidapawan Massacre).
... Es decir, indagar el discurso no agota el análisis de las formas concretas de análisis de la interpelación. Stuart Hall, retomando una tipología previamente elaborada por Frank Parkin, sistematizó una tipología de formas de codificación y decodificación que se cita aún con frecuencia y que podría decirse explícita la importancia del análisis de los procesos de recepción, significación y apropiación de discursos (Hall, 1980;Hall & O'Shea, 2013). Se apunta que todo discurso se escribe en dominancia, es decir, que todo texto sugiere una forma de ser leído. ...
... La tipología propuesta por Hall (1980) es ampliamente citada y, a lo mejor, poco leída críticamente. Dos de las observaciones que se le han hecho es que se concentra a lo mejor muy directamente en la significación y no se repara lo suficiente en el análisis si se quiere más fenomenológico de cómo se construyen vínculos con los medios, los cuales son anteriores si se quiere a la significación. ...
Este artículo se interroga por cambios y permanencias en los modos en que se analizan los vínculos entre medios de comunicación, poder y sociedad a propósito de los ecosistemas comunicativos hoy llamados tradicionales, como la prensa, la radio y la televisión, y las plataformas digitales que se han consolidado en el siglo XXI. En particular se presta atención a tres perspectivas: la capacidad de los discursos para interpelar a audiencias, la actividad de las audiencias y el papel de las industrias comunicacionales. La investigación académica sobre los vínculos entre medios, poder y sociedad requiere reparar los cambios entre lo “tradicional” y lo “nuevo”, y las permanencias. Asimismo, se sugiere una apropiación crítica de las trayectorias de investigación de estos vínculos, para que no se reproduzcan algunos de los “callejones sin salida” transitados décadas atrás. Enfatizar en la persistencia de las preguntas sugiere que los entornos mediáticos tradicionales y nuevos se representan usualmente como separados, como una suerte de un “antes” y un “después”, y ello se expresa también en las formas de análisis que, con frecuencia, se llevan adelante. En contraste, este ensayo subraya que la investigación académica acerca de los vínculos entre medios, poder y sociedad requiere reparar no solo en los cambios entre lo “tradicional” y lo “nuevo”, sino también en las permanencias. Asimismo, sugiere una apropiación crítica de las trayectorias de investigación de estos vínculos, de modo que no se reproduzcan algunos de los “callejones sin salida” transitados décadas atrás.
... The paper adopts the theory of encoding-decoding proposed by Stuart Hall where he categorises the audience into three categories as: a) dominant hegemonic position where they read the connotations and engage in the dominant preferred readings, b) negotiated position where audience can decode the messages from the sender within a dominant social and cultural view, and c) oppositional position where audience oppose the dominant hegemonic practices. The viewers try to decipher a different meaning which is not explicitly revealed and is oppositional to the messages of the sender (Hall, Hobson, Lowe, & Willis, 2015). ...
Indian cinema, transregional by nature, has not only produced commercially successful films in Hindi language but also has succeeded in producing box office hit films from the regions like Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, which constitute the popularly known south Indian film industry. The success of these films is influenced by various factors, to list a few, widespread audience, technical and technological advancements, rational, close to life and sensitive narratives, the advent of OTT platforms etc. Films dealing with queer themes in south Indian film industry have gained prominence worth discussion and debate post 1990 with gender sensitisation and awareness programmes leading to a ripple formation in the dichotomous male/female gender hierarchal system of the Indian society. This study, adopting a quantitative approach, focuses on films dealing with homosexuality produced by the south Indian film industry. It investigates the effect of destigmatisation of homosexuality through films and delves deep to understand the common perception on films featuring queer themes as well as audience interpretation of these queer visual texts. The study concludes on how the queer representations in south Indian cinema are yet not fully engaged with the audience contributing to an increased awareness about the sexual minority communities to build and promote an inclusive society.
... I nutiden omfattar varje människas livsvärld oundvikligen erfarenheter av en mängd symboliska betydelser som förmedlas av massmedier. Att tolka musik är i den meningen en social praktik: att avkoda de ideologiska betydelser som producenter och förmedlare "skriver in" i konstnärliga produkter (Hall, 1980;Denzin, 1992). Kulturprodukters mening kan sålunda ses som resultat av interaktiva processer. ...
Following the record company Blue Note’s publicity campaign for jazz pianist Thelonious Monk in 1948, the image of Monk commonly presented in Swedish as well as American media was one of an eccentric, mysterious, even weird musician, sometimes viewed as a genius. This article presents and discusses the development of the Swedish media image of Monk during the period 1948–63, from the first mentions of him in Swedish press until his second concert performance in Stockholm. The presentation includes an overview of epithets commonly associated with Monk in Swedish media; a brief look at two poems on Monk; summaries of how Monk was depicted as a musician and as a human being; a presentation of the few interviews with Monk published in Sweden; and a summary of the media coverage of Monk’s Stockholm concerts in 1961 and 1963. In sum, the media image of Monk went through a process of radical development during the period: from being presented as unknown over being dismissed as bizarre and incomprehensible to being described as familiar and ‘hip’. In a concluding section, the presented material is discussed from the perspective of social constructionism.
... De benadering van het menselijke subject als betekenisgever vindt pas later zijn weerklank met enerzijds de ontwikkeling van de theorie van 'aberrant decoding' van Eco uit 1972(zie Fiske, 1987, het encoding/decodingmodel van Hall uit 1973 (later gepubliceerd in Hall, 1980), en het hieruit afgeleide concept van het actieve publiek (Fiske, 1987), waarbij het polysemische karakter van de tekst aangevuld wordt met een articulatie van het publiek als sense-making viewers who watch programmes and enjoy responding to them, and talk with each other about what they see on television: in the home, in the neighbourhood, in school, at work. (Dahlgren, 1998: 300) Anderzijds steunt ook de 'uses en gratifications'-theorie van Katz, Blumler en Gurevitch (1974) en de daarvan afgeleide modellen zoals bijvoorbeeld de 'expectancy-value'-theorie van Palmgreen en Rayburn (1985) en het 'social action'-model van Renckstorf et al. (1996) in sterke mate op het concept van het actieve publiek (Livingstone, 1998: 238), wanneer zij de redenering dat leden van het publiek een bewuste keuze maken op basis van het beschik¬ bare aanbod aan kanalen en inhoud, als vertrekpunt kiezen. ...
The multiple meaning of the concept of ‘audience’ allows for a definition of this concept as a “floating signifier" within a discursive context. On the basis of methodologies derived from Derrida’s deconstructionism, an attempt is made to map the semantic field of ‘audience’ through the analysis of four domains: active/passive, public/private, micro/macro and Gemeinschaft/Gesellschaft. This strategy leads to the development of a model of the reservoir of significations from which one draws for the articulation of the concept of ‘audience’. This model allows for new questions about the dominance and absence of some audience articulation.
... Los principios de semejanza y diferencia se utilizan con frecuencia por las personas para establecer relaciones entre conceptos. Sin duda, esto es alentador para establecer un sistema de representaciones positivas; sin embargo, para representaciones negativas, es posible establecer binomios como sorda heterosexual/sorda lesbiana o agregar otros términos para fortalecer las representaciones positivas o negativas: dama-sorda-normal/marimacha-sorda-anormal; una situación de comprensión/incomprensión, volvemos a hablar de un enfoque negativo que va más allá de la violencia física, ya que implica abandono, violencia y una gran discriminación hacia la diferencia y la diversidad (Hall, 1980). ...
El propósito del presente estudio es brindar una perspectiva sobre la representación de los sordos, considerando aspectos históricos y culturales. Esto contribuirá a una mejor comprensión de la experiencia de las personas sordas y promoverá una representación más inclusiva y respetuosa de esta comunidad. Se exponen elementos teóricos desde las representaciones sociales que permitan comprender la constitución de los conceptos de sordo y sordera. Se parte de una metodología cualitativa y hermenéutica, mediante una reflexión crítica sobre la representación de las personas sordas en la sociedad contemporánea y su impacto en la inclusión y la participación. Se analizan estereotipos y prejuicios que persisten e identifican los avances y desafíos en la promoción de una cultura inclusiva que apueste por el respeto hacia las personas sordas y la diversidad. Esto se refleja en la construcción de dos apartados en los que se analiza la evolución del concepto de representación colectiva a representación social y las representaciones sociales del sordo y la sordera. Se concluye que el estudio de la cultura sorda y su historia puede proporcionar una visión de las experiencias y perspectivas de las personas sordas y sus comunidades, y promueve una mayor comprensión y aceptación de la sordera como identidad cultural.
... Nonetheless, reckoning with one's own and one's patient's social locations and their synchronous and diachronous histories is crucial to a clinical social psychoanalysis (see Grand & Salberg, 2017;Salberg & Grand, 2017, for essays on how histories of oppression and transgenerational trauma show up in clinical work). Because everyone has to contend with dominant normseither in resistance, acceptance, or some mix of the two (see Hall, 1980;Layton, 2004a; Layton with Leavy-Sperounis, 2020)the ability to identify normative character structures, defenses, and transferences might help clinicians recognize more of what is going on in the life and struggles of a particular patient. ...
... Hall membagi kelompok khalayak berdasarkan posisinya dalam memaknai isi teks media. Yaitu posisi pembacaan dominan (dominant-hegemonic position) Hall (2005) menjelaskan bahwa pembacaan dominan adalah situasi ketika teks dari suatu media diterima secara utuh oleh khalayak. ...
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan; 1) bentuk kekerasan verbal dalam konten video gaming Reza ‘Arap’; 2) encoding/decoding penonton pada konten kekerasan verbal video gaming Reza ‘Arap’ menurut Stuart Hall. Penelitian bersifat kualitatif dengan metode analisis audiens Stuart Hall. Objek dalam penelitian ini adalah video gaming Reza. Penentuan informan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah analisis konten dan wawancara mendalam. Analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis resepsi dengan teori encoding-decoding Stuart Hall, yang mana hasil penelitian akan menentukan posisi audiens terhadap kekerasan verbal yang dilakukan Reza. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa; 1) Kekerasan verbal yang dilakukan oleh Reza meliputi ucapan atau ungkapan yang mengacu pada sesuatu yang vulgar, tabu, menghina, menyerang sesuatu atau seseorang menurut masyarakat; 2) ada empat unsur yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini, yaitu resepsi audiens tentang kekerasan verbal sebagai candaan, katarsis, umpatan dan imitasi. Para informan memahami kekerasan verbal dalam video gaming Reza ‘Arap’ Oktovian sebagai suatu kata umpatan yang ditujukan untuk bahan candaan, sebagian audiens merasa puas ketika melihat Reza mengumpat, dan sebagian besar audiens berada pada posisi negosiasi terhadap poin imitasi kekerasan verbal yang Reza lakukan; 3) informan mengalami desensitisasi kekerasan verbal.Kata kunci: analisis resepsi, kekerasan verbal, video gaming, youtube
... De nombreuses recherches ont souvent démontré la place prépondérante des médias de masse dans la création et l'alimentation des paniques morales surtout en matière de crime, lorsqu'ils propagent les images stéréotypées de la déviance. Cela a des impacts sur les politiques publiques, entraînant le plus souvent des changements radicaux (Critcher, 2003;Dowler et al., 2006;Doyle, 2006;Hall, 1992;Killingbeck, 2001;Muhamed, 2017;Victor, 1998). Expliquant le concept en lui-même, Cohen (1999, p. 587) montre que l'expression « panique » « englobe l'idée d'un événement urgent et exagéré qui suscite une réaction hostile » et dont certaines couches de la société estiment qu'il est du devoir du gouvernement d'agir au plus vite pour arrêter ce qui pourrait être vu comme « les peuples ou les forces du mal. ...
Projet de thèse (édition 2022) portant sur la construction sociale du phénomène des gangs de rue à Québec sur 20 ans.
... Reception analysis is a research methodology used to understand the symbolic implications of implied messages in mass media. The study of reception analysis was initially known as an approach generally used to analyze audience responses to television programs (Hall, 2006). However, Qadaruddin and Bakri stated that the development of platforms and content in the media currently fosters the characteristics of an active and participatory media audience as the main focus of media studies (Qadaruddin & Bakri, 2022). ...
Instagram has developed into a media tool in political dynamics. Political content on Instagram can build opinions for media audiences (followers) who access it, so followers become strategic targets for receiving political messages through constructed content. This study aims to describe the followers' reception of Anies Baswedan's image as a 2024 presidential candidate on the @pinterpolitik account. This research method uses a qualitative approach with an interpretative paradigm. Data analysis is used to conclude the reception of @pinterpolitik account followers. The data collection technique uses the in-depth interview method. Informants were selected based on the @pinterpolitik followers who are university students. Reception analysis is used to determine the implications of research subjects for messages in mass media. Stuart Hall's decoding and encoding theory divides followers' positions into three categories to find reception patterns: dominant-hegemonic, negotiation, and opposition. The results of this study show that informants who are followers are in a dominant hegemonic position in receiving information about Anies Baswedan on the @pinterpolitik account. This tendency to gather information from the account is based on their trust in the independence of the @pinterpolitik account in disseminating information. Moreover, every information disseminated has valid and accountable sources and data. Based on the assessment based on information on the @pinterpolitik account, Anies Baswedan's image is positively assessed as an intellectual individual, organized rhetoric, narrating according to data, and a religious individual.
... Finally, like Fromm, my theory of subject formation is not socially determinist, but my views in this domain are indebted less to Fromm than to Gramsci's (1971) and Hall's (1980) conviction that subjectivity and social life are marked by a constant struggle over meaning between dominant and subordinate cultural forces. Against many poststructuralist theories, I have argued that subjectivity is never exhausted by subjection to cultural norms; the psychic hegemony that normative unconscious processes seek to achieve is traumatic and is always contested by counter-normative conscious and unconscious processes (Layton, 2004c). ...
... Even media studies traditions with a strong humanities orientation, like that of the Birmingham School, have tended to over-emphasise such rationality when countering deep-seated, folkloristic beliefs in strong media effects. Indeed, ever since the resounding critiques of the Frankfurt School (Horkheimer and Adorno, 1994) by Stuart Hall (1980) and John Fiske (1989), any attempt at taking seriously the idea of a pacified and passive media user has been nearly impossible to undertake [9]. Against this grain, and in line with other recent attempts at theorising regressive modes of "audiencing" (e.g., Stanfill, 2020), this article aims to show how the idea of user pacification is being facilitated and realised by YouTube. ...
Focusing on the case of recommendations on the video streaming platform YouTube, this article revisits questions of media addiction and addictive media that continue to trouble research in the field. Based on a close reading of Google/YouTube’s engineering papers, this paper argues that the platform’s recommender system — the machine learning system responsible for the personalisation and customisation of what videos users are offered — has been designed to function as a feeding tube and a precarious holding environment, thus corroborating widespread critiques about this system’s addictive — oral — strategies of user retention. Subsequently, this article discusses how the platform’s more recent promise of “responsible recommendations” has so far been articulated in the engineering papers. Specifically, this promise has taken the form of a fetishist structure that endorses responsibility but not at the expense of the time users spend watching. This structure is best captured in the proverbial Have your cake and eat it too.
Buku ajar Sosiologi Budaya ini disusun dengan tujuan untuk memperkenalkan konsep-konsep dasar dan perkembangan teori dalam bidang sosiologi budaya. Sebagai salah satu cabang ilmu sosiologi, sosiologi budaya memfokuskan perhatian pada hubungan dinamis antara budaya dan struktur sosial. Buku ini diharapkan dapat memberikan gambaran komprehensif tentang bagaimana budaya tidak hanya membentuk masyarakat, tetapi juga dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor sosial, politik dan ekonomi yang ada di sekitarnya. Sosiologi budaya menawarkan perspektif yang memungkinkan kita untuk lebih memahami bagaimana simbol, nilai, norma, dan praktik budaya membentuk interaksi sosial dan membangun identitas kelompok. Dalam buku ini, pembaca akan diajak untuk menganalisis berbagai fenomena sosial yang berkaitan dengan budaya, termasuk perubahan budaya, peran media, globalisasi, serta isu-isu seperti identitas dan resistensi dalam masyarakat kontemporer. Buku ini bukan hanya sebuah teks akademik, tetapi juga bertujuan untuk menginspirasi pemikiran kritis mengenai tempat kita dalam masyarakat global yang semakin terhubung. Di tengah perubahan zaman yang pesat, memahami sosiologi budaya memberi kita bekal untuk lebih bijak dalam menghadapi tantangan sosial dan budaya yang kompleks.
This project investigates the diffusion of hateful visual symbology in news coverage from 2015 to 2023, focusing on Pepe the Frog, a meme often linked with alt-right ideologies. Using a multimodal large language model, Large Language and Visual Assistant (LLaVA), along with structural topic modeling and qualitative visual analysis, we analyzed 4,707 articles and 6,384 images featuring Pepe across time. Our mixed-methods analysis finds that Pepe appeared more frequently as time progressed, and often without proper contextualization about the symbol’s hateful connotations. Once politicized, Pepe’s representation increasingly aligned with alt-right ideologies and candidates, particularly Donald Trump and the symbology of the MAGA movement, and spiked with the introduction of the Pepe cryptocurrency in 2023. Conceptual, methodological, and civic implications of these findings are discussed.
This article analyzes how Marxist platform-dependent cultural producers in Brazil - one woman and two drag queens - navigate platform spaces in relation to their identities and everyday work. Struggling with platforms refers to the specific ways in which Marxist cultural producers seek to engage in class struggles, while also grappling with the constraints imposed by platforms. There are paradoxes, tensions and frictions in these efforts. In analytical terms, the article develops how this ‘struggling with platforms’ occurs in two main dimensions: (1) struggling with identities – including the implications of being a Marxist cultural producer on platforms and how one's identity is shaped and commodified in this space, and (2) struggling with everyday work – considering how the pursuit of social change is both constrained and enabled on platforms.
Ethnography, one of the long-established methods of social sciences, has been frequently used especially by the fields of anthropology and sociology, and has come to the fore in the research of practices related to the social. The interactive structure of the internet with Web 2.0 has brought the idea of adapting the ethnography method to digital fields to the agenda. The foundations of a new method called Netnography, which focuses on examining the behaviour of virtual communities, have been laid and communication sciences have taken a leading role in its use. Researchers of the British Cultural Studies Tradition introduced the reception method to the literature and proposed a model called encoding-decoding. Contrary to the American Behaviourist Approach, the researchers stated that the texts presented by the mass media are not met with absolute acceptance by the society and argued that individuals construct a new meaning by filtering the messages presented through their own filters. In this study, by using these two methods together, the netnographic reception patterns of Ekşi Sözlük users regarding Atv Main News and Fox Main News bulletins were investigated. The 703 entries under the titles of the news bulletins in Ekşi Sözlük were analysed and categorised as dominant, negotiative and oppositional reading styles. Frequency distributions were generated using IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 programme. Netnography method and reception methods were found to be suitable for use together; it was concluded that the reception styles of the viewers turned from dominant to negotiative and oppositional due to the departure of the popular presenter from the programme, the change in the ideological orientation of the programme, the non-compliance with the principle of impartiality, and the echo chamber effect.
The paper will allow an argument about the changing landscape of body disposal methods in Western society with the introduction and acceptance of water cremation and body recomposition. First, it looks into traditional practices of burial and cremation with regard to the effect they have on the environment and the culture. The paper then outlines the structure of the study, which includes analysis of the reasons underlying new body disposal methods and synthesis of the responses from Western Europe and the USA. It also puts into focus some investigations regarding the changeable ways in which death has been perceived during the last few decades of the past, underscoring an initiative that is recent: the death-positivity movement. Attention is finally turned to its impact on popular culture and its role in raising awareness about green burial. Popular culture in the twenty-first century also remains a discussion topic in the study, specifically representing values that characterize contemporary society, economic trends, and identity construction. The paper draws on a range of theoretical frameworks, from the cultural studies approach to that of the culture industry, for explaining these phenomena. Indeed, these emerging trends and cultural shifts could be seen to have a significant bearing on contemporary attitudes toward death and body disposal.
Este texto, en tono reflexivo, es una exploración inicial derivada de la relectura del libro Maricones eminentes: Arenas, Lorca, Puig, y yo, de Jaime Manrique Ardila. En estas breves páginas se propone indagar cómo la mariconería y el gesto drag se convierten en herramientas para la crítica literaria, desafiando las normas de género y sexualidad a partir del despliegue de una estrategia de lectura basada en preguntas. Además, dispone líneas dialógicas con una selección transitoria de autores que ponen en tensión las identidades sexuales con respecto a los marcos representativos dominantes en la política, la cultura y la literatura.
El presente trabajo analiza por contraste las narrativas de empoderamiento en dos producciones mainstream, la película Barbie (Gerwig, 2023) y el videoclip Super freaky girl (Minaj, 2022). Desde un análisis visual, estético, lingüístico de las dos producciones se profundiza en la emergencia de un nuevo «rosa» en las creadoras audiovisuales más representativas de los últimos años. A partir de la pregunta sobre la relación entre los estereotipos corporales, la femineidad y el empoderamiento de la mujer en la narrativa audiovisual, señalaremos las fricciones entre la construcción del género en las estructuras de poder. En la práctica y la teoría estas producciones bajo control absoluto de sus creadoras revelan un paradigma del nuevo «rosa» visualmente excesivo a través de la sororidad en un caso (Barbie) y de la hipersexualización competitiva en el otro (Minaj).
While there are many ways to understand citizenship in terms of what constituents (should) do, think, feel, and say, there is a felt absence of a perspective that factors in the social reasons for how people enact citizenship and the role of media in enacting such forms of citizenship. Based on a review of key studies of citizenship in audience research and political science, this study introduces a Bourdieusian perspective to examine citizenship in mediatized societies. We argue for two main advantages to this approach. First, it cuts across scholarly silos and scrutinizes the civic habitus of people as it unfolds across both mediated and non-mediated life. Citizenship is thus seen as a complex interplay of online and offline practices that vary for agents across the social space. Second, this approach is attentive to dimensions of social inequality and power, emphasizing how the many citizenship practices in the modern era are situated in a vertically stratified social world with a distinct symbolic order. Linking this to the concepts of symbolic power and dominance, we develop the notion of civic capital to illuminate how certain forms of citizenship practices, mostly those available to the affluent strata, are elevated as correct expressions of legitimate citizenship, whereas others are frowned upon.
The US media has played an increasingly important role in shaping the Muslim identity. An Anti-Muslim rhetoric led by news channels only promoted fear and anxiety among Americans towards the Muslim world post 9/11. This paper tends to explore one such news channel-CNN and its contribution towards demonizing, vilifying, and racializing the Muslim world hence, reducing it to one region and language. In doing so, the researcher contends the existence of a systemic web which operates in conjunction to maintain the dominant ideology about Muslims. By means of critical discourse analysis it is argued that CNN under the pretense of its liberal stance has managed to reproduce the same rhetoric which reinstates the many stereotypes existing with regard to Muslims. However, this research also examines the representation of Arabic language and the subtle ways in which fear and negative connotations around Arabic has been induced among the audience.
Being a man or woman entails some defaults and conceptualizations which depend on the culture of each society. These images of men and women are called gender stereotypes which exist in each society. Based on gender stereotypes, men and women have some behavioral and psychological traits and are fitted to do jobs which are different from each other. Stereotypes are reproduced over the generations by social institutions like family, mass media, peers and education system. Media, family and educational system are factors affecting socialization process. In one hand, media content is affected by culture; on the other hand media content affect the culture. Among all media, books, using reflection of norms, values and thoughts, reproduce culture strongly. In this paper, we have studied gender stereotypes in Al-e-Ahmad's fictions, one of the greatest contemporary writers of Iran. All of Al-e-Ahmad's books are studied in search for gender stereotypes. Our methodology is content analysis. Results reveal that many gender stereotypes (talkative, superstitious and emotional for women and aggressive, angry and dominant for men) are prevalent in Al-e-Ahmad fictions.
The cyberpunk genre started a new trend in Chinese anime movies after 2020, represented by the hugely commercially successful New Gods: Nezha Reborn (2021). Unlike Western cyberpunk, which focuses on portraying the future as a subcategory of science fiction, Chinese cyberpunk anime chooses to look back, fusing ancient myths with cyborgs, which is called myth-cyberpunk, reconstructing traditional Chinese culture, and broadening the boundaries of cyberpunk. This paper focuses on spatial construction and characterization in Chinese cyberpunk anime films. It traces the influence of Western cyberculture on Chinese animation and the uniqueness and local innovation of the Chinese side. Importantly, it examines the role of audience participation in the processes of cultural encoding and decoding, as proposed by Stuart Hall, to understand the dynamics behind the growing popularity of cyber animation in China. This paper aims to interpret the evolution of the cyberpunk style in Chinese animations, its reception, and its deeper societal motivations, offering insights into the unique allure of Chinese cyberpunk anime within the contemporary socio-cultural context.
Key words: myth-cyberpunk; cyberpunk film; Chinese animation; mythological elements; encoding-decoding
The study titled “media influence on dressing pattern of students of tertiary institutions. The aimed of the study is to discover the influence of home movie in dressing pattern of students in higher institutions of learning. To identify if there is influence on the dressing pattern of students of tertiary institutions in Nigeria, To determine the nature of the influence on their dressing patterns, To know if the influence is positive or negative and To explore ways that can positively influence their dressing patterns. The study adopted Cultivation and Cultural imperialism theories and survey method approach. The data of the study were sourced from the primary sources. The instrument used for data collection was the closed ended questionnaire. 370 questionnaires were administered to respondents. The findings of the study revealed that dressing patterns in home media have positive Influence on the dressing style of students. This is manifested in the pride these students derive in seeing African values celebrated as reflected in their dress patterns. The study showed that most of these students expose themselves to the home movie medium and even a higher percentage do so at regular basis and are more prone to noticing the dress patterns on those home movie. The home media are therefore veritable instruments for mobilization and national orientation for desirable attitudes.
Earthquake early warning (EEW) alerts may give people valuable seconds to take protective action, such as drop, cover and hold on, before earthquake shaking starts. In order for individuals to take protective action, they need to receive the alert, understand the alert message, and have enough contextual knowledge to take appropriate protective action. Deaf and hard of hearing (DHH+) persons do not have equitable access to earthquake information, warning systems, training, and participation in disaster decision-making at all levels. Despite international policies for emergency alerts to be accessible to people with disabilities, there are no research publications that specifically address the effectiveness of EEW alerts for DHH+ communities. Missed notifications and misunderstandings about elements of the EEW alert message can delay the response time of DHH+ persons. Furthermore, unequal access to earthquake drills and preparedness information can leave DHH+ persons with insufficient context to take protective action when receiving alerts. The existing gaps in effectiveness of the EEW alerts stem from language inequities for DHH+ persons in our schools, workplaces and families, which we analyze by applying linguistic anthropological and sociolinguistic frameworks to examine the nexus of DHH+ communities’ languages and EEW messaging. To advance language equity in EEW alerting, inclusion of DHH+ communities can improve messaging and reduce misunderstandings so that DHH+ persons can quickly take protective action when they receive an alert.
BAYTİMUR, T., KIRDAR, Y (2022). Orta Yaş Bireylerin Reklama Bakış Açısı ve Reklam Okuryazarlığı Düzeyleri: Ankara İli Örneği, Detay Yayıncılık, Ankara (ISBN: 978-605-254-614-7)
Language matters occupy a complex site for research, which calls for ongoing academic attention from several interrelated disciplines. What makes language a polemic subject is its multi-layered relations with other unresolved aspects of identity, linguistic ideologies, hegemony, language practices and culture in ever-evolving linguistic and sociocultural contexts. Such significance of language in human communities makes it a subject of scrutiny, especially within the enduring debates on decolonialisation, education, changing sociolinguistic environments, global politics, language shifts and linguistic ideologies among other polemical zones. In many respects, this volume responds to these issues in an attempt to proffer critical interpretations of emerging trends, practices, language shifts and cultural contacts. The main focus of the various chapters in this volume is to offer additional directions towards new understandings in language-related domains. The entry points for the various chapters are multifaceted, a situation that is in line with the convolution of language matters in Zimbabwe. Certainly, this single book offers staging posts and highlights areas that deserve further inquiry for more comprehensive solutions to language polemics in the Zimbabwean context. This is imperative, particularly in contemporary times when there is an increase in the call for reimagining the future for African communities by contesting long-held conceptions of language and its usage.
Relevance . One of the main characteristics of modern society is the development of new media as a tool for creating new communication channels for the interaction of individuals. In this case, we are talking about the media sphere as a space of interaction between users of social networks.
The purpose is using the example of commenting on news content by users of social networks, the authors explore the media sphere as a space of their interaction in order to clarify the main theoretical prerequisites available in this area and attract new empirical data.
Objectives : to present the media sphere as a space of interaction between users of social networks, which is formed, among other things, by commenting on news content; to describe the trends in the development of the media sphere in this context; to characterize the main lines of interaction between users of social networks when commenting on news content; to reveal the motivation for entering into interaction under the influence of various factors.
Methodology . The methodological basis of the research is the concept of the media sphere by M. A. Buryak and the associated theories of media discourse, starting with T. G. Dobrosklonskaya; the theory of new media (D. Scott, L. Safko) and social networks (D. Barnes, T. O'Reilly, S. A. Kravchenko). To solve the tasks, the authors used the method of interviewing content analysis, analysis of secondary data, methods of comparison and analogy.
Results . For a modern individual, the distribution of news content in social networks is the most convenient and effective way to obtain information in different age groups. In general, respondents tend to trust information received from social networks, but unstructured information containing fakes falls into the "risk" zone here.
Conclusions . For the development of the media sphere as a space of interaction between users of social networks, the adaptation of each media resource to a separate communication channel and the emergence of the phenomenon of public communication, which is expressed in a system of symbols and signs (comments, "likes", etc.) are relevant.
This paper attempts to explore the multiple layers that intervene in the relationship between media and culture. The authors argue that media products and messages have always been constructed to either serve the dominant elite’s ideology, gain public consent, or consolidate racial and gender stereotypes. Media forms, types and genres are cultural filters or ideological paradigms targetting the audiences’ Hedonist propensity for visual pleasure. In his book Media Culture, Douglas Kellner (1995) highlights the sinuous relationship between media and culture by stating that media culture has emerged whereby sounds and spectacles help produce the fabric of everyday life and help shape political views and social behavior. When we look at media from a cultural studies perspective, we become conscious of its sweeping impact on people’s political views and identity. Noam Chomsky (1988) argues that media “manufactures consent”, therefore confirming the manipulative facet of media culture through his five filters: ownership, advertising, media elite, flak and common enemy. With the increasing normalization of digital technology, “techno-culture” has taken on a more incisive turn by driving people to keep swinging between online and offline cultures. Through virtual and immersive actions, new cultural forms have been invented, namely e-society, cyber communities and cultural identities. Hence, by adopting a cultural studies perspective, this paper attempts to provide a theoretical framework for media culture by exploring the concepts of “techno-culture”, Chomsky’s and Herman’s five filters, and cyberculture.
Film-induced tourism is considered a valuable marketing tool, especially crucial for the recovery of post-pandemic tourism. The rapid growth of digital streaming platforms has enabled film and television works to reach global audiences and impact viewers on a broader scale. Scholars and tourism operators increasingly recognise film characters’ pivotal role in global film-induced tourism. While film-induced tourism is generally believed to impact the image of tourist destinations positively, existing research has predominantly focused on the decent characters portrayed in films. However, the allure of captivating audiences is not confined solely to decent characters. According to narrative studies in film and television, villainous characters with extraordinary skills often have a stronger appeal to viewers than decent ones. Therefore, the objective of this study is to explore a rarely discussed topic: how villainous characters enhance the attractiveness of tourist destinations. This interdisciplinary research principally integrates character arc theory and reception aesthetics from film studies, emotion contagion theory from marketing research, and place attachment theory from tourism studies. Accordingly, this study examines the perceived charismatic leadership of villainous characters and its impact on film tourists’ emotion contagion, place attachment and visit intention. The study distributed questionnaires to 532 audiences who watched the Chinese police and crime drama titled, The Knockdown (狂飙), and who acquainted themselves with the villainous character Gao Qiqiang (高启强). Structured equation modelling showed that villainous characters with charismatic leadership can significantly impact the intention of film tourists. Specifically, perceived charismatic leadership directly influenced emotions of pleasure, arousal and admiration. Place attachment existed as a whole or partial mediator of the three emotions and visit intention. Moreover, the audience’s justice sensitivity negatively moderated the positive relationship between perceived charismatic leadership and emotions. Finally, the study provides insights and suggestions for film tourism marketers and screenwriters.
Berdasarkan hasil focus group discussion dengan kaum muda gereja XYZ, peneliti menjumpai hambatan pertumbuhan kaum muda di dalam gereja tersebut, khususnya di area pelayanan, kepemimpinan, dan komunikasi. Ketiga area tersebut saling berkorelasi sehingga muncul fakta rendahnya pertumbuhan keterlibatan kaum muda di sistem gereja tersebut. Untuk melihat permasalahan secara utuh, perlu dilakukan kajian budaya kaum muda, yaitu kajian kecenderungan pola pikir dan tindakan kaum muda di dalam kesehariannya. Hal ini diperlukan untuk mendapatkan gambaran seperti apakah fenomena budaya kaum muda di dalam gereja tersebut. Dengan demikian, hambatan dapat dilihat dan disikapi secara subjektif-objektif. Melalui metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi, peneliti menemukan bahwa konstruksi budaya kaum muda di gereja XYZ adalah kontemporer loyalis. Diskusi mengenai konstruksi budaya kontemporer loyalis dalam kaitan dengan terhambatnya pertumbuhan keterlibatan kaum muda dipaparkan juga dalam tulisan ini.
In 2014, former American baseball player Derek Jeter founded the website The Players' Tribune, on which athletes of all sports can publish autobiographical pieces, to have in their hands a role that, for a long time, belonged to the traditional media – bringing their stories beyond sports performances to the public. These articles, however, can also be seen as a form of self-branding since the athlete holds the power of the story that is being written. Therefore, the objective is to analyse, with the help of Systemic-Functional Linguistics and Transitivity System, one of those articles, written by the Brazilian player Daniel Alves, to understand if the experience report works in favour of production the self as a role model.
This chapter is interested in the implications of global journalism for local audiences. In reflecting the functions and interdependencies of global journalism on the one hand, and the conditions and frameworks of audiences’ global engagement with the help of journalism on the other hand, this chapter is concerned about how journalism can “globalize” local audiences. It argues that global journalism, which includes cross-border collaborative forms, would need to implement a “lifeword” turn in reporting and empower locally existent global expertise. Only if journalism reconsiders its strategies to support global comparative competencies among audiences, will it allow a basis for global community formation.
Dilihat dalam konteks iklan produk kecantikan, proses encoding dan decoding pesan kepada masyarakat memiliki peran besar dalam membentuk standar kecantikan di Indonesia. Tampilan Iklan kecantikan yang ada saat ini seringkali menggambarkan standar kecantikan yang semakin sempit, sehingga berpotensi menciptakan dampak psikologis dari standar ini, khususnya pada mereka yang memiliki masalah insecure terhadap dirinya sendiri dan menimbulkan tekanan sosial juga memicu perasaan tidak pantas dan selalu kurang pada individu yang mungkin tidak memenuhi kriteria tersebut. Encoding merujuk pada bagaimana pesan-pesan iklan diciptakan dan disampaikan oleh media produk, sementara decoding merujuk pada bagaimana pesan-pesan ini diterima dan diinterpretasikan oleh masyarakat. Standar kecantikan yang diterapkan dalam iklan dapat beragam dalam pemahaman setiap individu masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, untuk mencapai perubahan positif dalam pandangan kecantikan di Indonesia, perlu ditekankan bahwa pesan-pesan iklan produk kecantikan harus mendorong keragaman dan mempromosikan pesan positif serta inklusif. Hal ini akan membantu dalam membentuk persepsi yang lebih seimbang dan mendukung perkembangan rasa percaya diri serta penerimaan diri individu di masyarakat.
This study examines the cover design of The Beatles' legendary album "Abbey Road" from the perspective of visual culture and semiotics. The cover design features an iconic image of the band members walking across the pedestrian crossing in front of Abbey Road studios. Analyzed from a semiotic perspective, this design investigates how symbols and images interact with the musical content and artist's identity. Symbolizing the end of The Beatles' musical journey, the cover design evokes nostalgia and farewell sentiments. The members' clothing, postures, and surrounding details also carry symbolic meanings. The "Abbey Road" cover design plays a significant role as an extension in the interpretation of the music and expression of the group's identity. Album covers have become a part of visual culture alongside music, encompassing a diversity of symbolic meanings. The "Abbey Road" album cover by The Beatles highlights its importance in music history and cultural influence, while also becoming an iconic symbol in popular culture. This analysis reveals how album covers engage with visual culture and symbolism, showcasing the multitude of symbols and diverse interpretations.
The epoch of the digital age is marked by the seamless integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into the various facets of human communication and representation. As AI models begin to dictate our online behaviors and digital representations, questions about authenticity, representation, and identity surface. The semiotics of digital culture, a framework rooted in understanding the interplay of signs and symbols, provides an avenue to decode these nuanced shifts in identity representation in the age of AI. Through an in-depth examination of recent academic literature, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of how AI influences and shapes the semiotics of digital culture, with a particular focus on implications for identity and representation. The continuous loop between human inputs and AI outputs forms a dynamic relationship, wherein the semiotic cues from humans shape AI algorithms, which in turn modulate digital representations and impact how we perceive identity. Drawing on a range of real-world research, this discourse elucidates the complexities and challenges posed by the intersection of AI and semiotics in digital culture.
The third stage of the prediction supply chain is to find patterns. Comparisons dominate data science, often without a mechanism to draw attention to the assumptions behind what determines similarity. Pattern matching is rarely discussed as an extension of social orders despite the history of political oppression based on rigid population divisions. Ethical data science is aware that comparisons can imply hierarchical patterns that may generate stigma. Furthermore, not everyone fits neatly into a category. Computers can count above two but often insist on historic binary choices that do little more than enforce societal norms and limit autonomy. This chapter examines the material force of categories, alternatives beyond the binary, and the promise of standardized consistency. Understanding the values that drive pattern matching can lead to more accurate intellectual order in data science.