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F. C. S. Schiller and European Pragmatism
Abstract
Schiller's Humanism, Personalism, and PragmatismPragmatism and FrancePragmatism in ItalyGermany and PragmatismOther European Philosophers and Pragmatism
... From the 1930s onwards, however, positivism spread throughout the United States, through the work of a combination of European expatriates and European-trained Americans. Positivism in America shared common characteristics with American pragmatism (DeWaal, 2005;Shook & Margolis, 2006). Once we consider positivism, therefore, we already see that its intellectual roots are complexly interwoven between the continents. ...
... If the European experience of the struggle against feudalism, class conflict, colonialism, and nationalism conditioned a cynical and pessimistic sense of determinism and entrapment, the American setting was premised on optimism, outward-looking perspectives, enthusiasm, and expansionism. With respect to the Chicago School of Park, Dewey, Mead, and Merriam in the 1920s and 1930s, their entire project was based upon the immediate need to understand community and integration and to deal with the influx of the masses from Europe (Shook & Margolis, 2006). In this sense, 20th-century Chicago plays the same role in the American context as van Ginneken's Paris and Torino played in the 19th century. ...
The aim of this article is to apply elements of contemporary social theory to the major theoretical, method-ological, and ideological divisions across political psychology and to consider both the origins and the impact of a range of theories and models. In so doing, we clarify some of the complexity surrounding the discursive and cultural origins of political psychology. On the basis of this analysis, we aim to overcome the redundant binaries and dualisms—both conceptual and geo-spatial—that have characterized the field up to now. These binary pairs relate to matters of epistemology, ideology, and methodology, and we show how each pair has been the basis of claims made regarding continental differences. As we shall see, such black-and-white thinking limits our capacity to understand the nature and potential of political psychology. Instead we wish to encourage a greater degree of universalism and globalism that is appropriate to political psychology as it evolves into a broader global discipline. We argue that political psychology as a field must attempt to deal with the consequences of an increasingly borderless world in which political identities are becoming more fluid, increasingly hybridized, and open to transformation.
... In return it should be noted that despite his admiration for James's work in psychology Mach himself expressed reservations about James's pragmatism in 1911(quoted in Ferrari 2010. 12 For an overview of the European reception of American pragmatism see Shook (2006). For an older overview of the French reception of pragmatism in particular see Allcock (1983, xxv-xxxiii), for a recent discussion of the French and Italian reception see Ferrari (2014). ...
Discussions of the relation between pragmatism and logical empiricism tend to focus on the period when the logical empiricists found themselves in exile, mostly in the United States, and then attempt to gauge the actual extent of their convergence. My concern lies with the period before that and the question whether pragmatism had an earlier influence on the development of logical empiricism, especially on the thought of the former members of the “first” Vienna Circle. I argue for a substantially qualified affirmative answer.
... As developed and sustained by a set of major figures (e.g., Dewey, 1931;James, 1907;Mead, 1938;Peirce, 1931-58;Shook & Margolis, 2006) and leading up to what we now call neo-pragmatism (e.g., Goodman, Putnam, Rorty) and further varieties (McDermid, 2006;Haack, 2006), pragmatism represents an influential body of texts and contexts for inquiring about creative practice. The significance of pragmatism and its focus on the "pragma" for organisation and management has recently found renewed attention (Küpers, 2009). ...
... As developed and sustained by a set of major figures (e.g., Dewey, 1931;James, 1907;Mead, 1938;Peirce, 1931-58;Shook & Margolis, 2006) and leading up to what we now call neo-pragmatism (e.g., Goodman, Putnam, Rorty) and further varieties (McDermid, 2006;Haack, 2006), pragmatism represents an influential body of texts and contexts for inquiring about creative practice. The significance of pragmatism and its focus on the "pragma" for organisation and management has recently found renewed attention (Küpers, 2009). ...
The purpose of this article is to develop a critical and extended understanding of creative practices in organisation from a phenomenological point of view. To develop such an understanding of practice, this paper will first outline a phenomenological understanding of creative practice, understood particularly with Merleau-Ponty as an embodied and situated nexus of action. Subsequently, the paper will show the contribution of pragmatism to an interpretation of practice as an experience-based reality and will describe the significance of habits. After briefly comparing common characteristics of both pro-experiential philosophies, some perspectives on a creative "inter-practice" and an inclusive "pheno-pragma-practice" will be explored. Furthermore, improvisation is discussed as a form and medium for the actual realisation of an embodied, situational inter-practice. Finally, some practical, political, theoretical and methodological implications and perspectives on creative pheno-pragmatic practices in organisation will be outlined.
„Wenn etwas in praktischer Hinsicht keinen Unterschied macht, sollte es nach pragmatistischer Auffassung auch in philosophischer Hinsicht keinen Unterschied machen.“ Nehmen wir Richard Rorty (2003, S. 27), einen der wichtigsten Vertreter dieser Schule, beim Wort, dann handelt es sich beim Pragmatismus um eine einfache Form der Theorie. Doch was auf den ersten Blick schlicht, oder vielleicht sogar banal wirken mag, gewinnt seine theoretische Wirkungsmacht ebenso wie seinen humanistischen Charme aus der radikalen Zentralstellung menschlicher Erfahrung und Gestaltungskapazität.
Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die grundlegenden Prämissen und Aussagen der sozialtheoretischen Tradition des Pragmatismus und diskutiert sein Potenzial im Feld der Internationalen Beziehungen (IB). Unter Rückgriff auf die Begründer Peirce, James, Mead und Dewey wie auch zeitgenössische Fortschreibungen durch Richard Rorty und Donald Davidson wird argumentiert, dass es beim Pragmatismus – wie bei keiner vergleichbaren Theorie der IB – um eine Theorie menschlichen Denkens und Handelns geht, die den genauso grundlegenden wie irreführenden Dualismus von Erkenntnis- und Handlungstheorie aufhebt. In einem zweiten Schritt werden einige der Implikationen skizziert, die sich für die konkrete Forschungspraxis im Feld der Internationalen Beziehungen ergeben, falls man diese Doktrin überzeugend findet und zum Ausgangspunkt der eigenen Forschung macht. Dabei wird auf konkrete Beispiele aus den IB zurückgegriffen.
Scholars have recognized that contentious political action typically draws on relatively stable scripts for the enactment of claims making. But if such repertoires of political practice are generally reproduced over time, why and how do new modes of practice emerge? Employing a pragmatist perspective on social action, this article argues that change in political repertoires can be usefully understood as a result of situated political innovation—i.e., of the creative recombination of existing practices, through experimentation over time, by interacting political agents for whom old repertoires were proving inadequate to the changing context of action. The utility of this approach is demonstrated by applying it to explain the historical emergence of a new set of populist mobilizing practices in early twentieth-century Peru. The results have implications for the study of political action and historical change.
Die soziologische Analyse von Improvisation, Spontaneität und Kreativität stellt die Theoriebildung vor große Herausforderungen, indem sie die Anerkennung der dynamischen Aspekte sowohl der künstlerischen Praxis als auch des Alltagshandelns einfordert und allgemein nach der Möglichkeit einer soziologischen Beschreibung der Entstehung des Neuen fragt.
O artigo visa a analisar a metodologia da constitucionalização do direito civil de Pietro Perlingieri, por vezes referida como “direito civil-constitucional”, por meio da confrontação deste método com os demais, estabelecendo comparações, distinções, divergências, semelhanças e, por vezes, oportunidades de diálogo. Utilizou-se, para tanto, a resposta dos métodos para duas grandes questões interligadas acerca da interpretação do direito: deontologia x teleologia e liberdade x restrição à atuação do intérprete.
Nonaka's paper [1994. A dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation. Organ. Sci.5(1) 14--37] contributed to the concepts of “tacit knowledge” and “knowledge conversion” in organization science. We present work that shaped the development of organizational knowledge creation theory and identify two premises upon which more than 15 years of extensive academic work has been conducted: (1) tacit and explicit knowledge can be conceptually distinguished along a continuum; (2) knowledge conversion explains, theoretically and empirically, the interaction between tacit and explicit knowledge. Recently, scholars have raised several issues regarding the understanding of tacit knowledge as well as the interaction between tacit and explicit knowledge in the theory. The purpose of this article is to introduce and comment on the debate about organizational knowledge creation theory. We aim to help scholars make sense of this debate by synthesizing six fundamental questions on organizational knowledge creation theory. Next, we seek to elaborate and advance the theory by responding to questions and incorporating new research. Finally, we discuss implications of our endeavor for organization science.
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