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Performance investigation of wimax 802.16m in mobile high altitude platforms
Abstract
Providing WiMax broadband services via high altitude platforms (HAPs) is still an open research issue. One of the major problems affecting the system performance on the link level is Doppler Effect caused by the mobility of the served users. This paper investigates the Doppler effects on the bit error rate of mobile users in the downlink of the WiMax802.16m standard. The system key parameters that affect the error bit rate performance are also studied. These parameters include the channel propagation model. The Bit Error Probability (BEP) is the performance metric used to evaluate the downlink performance. Numerical results provided through simulations show that providing WiMax through high altitude platforms enhances the BER performance over that expected from conventional terrestrial systems.
... • Métrologie (télémesure, pilotage à distance, relevés géophysiques,...) [145,148,152,[158][159][160]]. [46] Chapitre II Le noeud SGSN de support GPRS assure le routage des paquets vers et depuis la zone de service SGSN pour tous les utilisateurs dans cette zone de service [161][162][163][164][165]. ...
... [8], [11]. For Monitoring of smart grids and smart metering, LoRaWAN TM has already been implemented due to its simplicity, wide network coverage area, and low power consumption with less cost [2], [12], [13]. ...
... Bluetooth [2], [14], [17], [18] UWB [14], [19] ZigBee/IP [2], [14], [17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Wi-Fi [1], [2], [14], [24], [25] Wi-Max [17], [25][26][27][28] GSM/GPRS [29][30][31][32][33] ...
The systems based on intelligent sensors are currently expanding, due to
theirs functions and theirs performances of intelligence: transmitting and
receiving data in real-time, computation and processing algorithms, metrology
remote, diagnostics, automation and storage measurements...The radio frequency
wireless communication with its multitude offers a better solution for data
traffic in this kind of systems. The mains objectives of this paper is to
present a solution of the problem related to the selection criteria of a better
wireless communication technology face up to the constraints imposed by the
intended application and the evaluation of its key features. The comparison
between the different wireless technologies (Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, UWB, Bluetooth,
ZigBee, ZigBeeIP, GSM/GPRS) focuses on their performance which depends on the
areas of utilization. Furthermore, it shows the limits of their
characteristics. Study findings can be used by the developers/ engineers to
deduce the optimal mode to integrate and to operate a system that guarantees
quality of communication, minimizing energy consumption, reducing the
implementation cost and avoiding time constraints.
span lang="EN-US">The metrology technology has been evolved so much with the wireless sensor intelligent systems providing more capabilities in term of processing, remote multi-sensing fusion and storage. This kind of systems can be used in many types of environments. The monitoring is one of the most used. However, various design challenges for wireless intelligent sensors systems are imposed to overcome the physical limitations. Communication in sensor network should be as efficient as possible, especially for applications requiring specific performances. This paper analyzes the performance indicators of the sensing devices systems which stand for superior measurement, more accuracy and reliability. Study findings prescribe researchers, developers/ engineers and users to realizing an enhanced sensing motes design strategy that offers operational advantages which can give cost-effective solutions for an application.</span
The metrology field has been progressed with the appearance of the wireless intelligent sensor systems providing more capabilities such as signal processing, remote multi-sensing fusion etc. This kind of devices is rapidly making their way into medical and industrial monitoring, collision avoidance, traffic control, automotive and others applications. However, numerous design challenges for wireless intelligent sensors systems are imposed to overcome the physical limitations in data traffic, such as system noise, real time communication, signal attenuation, response dynamics, power consumption, and effective conversion rates etc, especially for applications requiring specific performances. This paper analyzes the performance metrics of the mentioned sensing devices systems which stands for superior measurement, more accuracy and reliability. Study findings prescribe researchers, developers/ engineers and users to realizing an optimal sensing motes design strategy that offers operational advantages which can offer cost-effective solutions for an application.
The focus of this article is high altitude aeronautical platforms
(HAAPs) such as airships, planes, helicopters, or some hybrid salutions
which could operate at stratospheric altitudes for significant periods
of time, be low-cost, and be capable of carrying sizable, multipurpose
communications payloads. Of particular interest are ways to implement
cellular/PCS or high-speed data networks in airborne platforms. From a
communications perspective, HAAPs would have many advantages over both
their terrestrial and satellite counterparts. If HAAPs prove to be
reasonably stable, reliable, and not too costly, they will offer
considerable opportunities for wireless services provision, and the
introduction of innovative communications concepts such as cell scanning
and stratospheric radio relays
System level design considerations for high altitude platforms operating in the mm-wave bands are examined. Propagation effects in these bands are outlined, followed by a brief introduction to different platform scenarios. Ground-based and platform-based fixed wireless access scenarios are considered, and it is shown that using a platform, a single base station can supply a much larger coverage area than a terrestrial base station. The effects on performance of platform displacement from its desired location with both fixed and steerable antennas are also examined. It is shown that steerable antennas are of most use when fixed stations are immediately below the platform, with no benefit for fixed stations on the edge of coverage. The bandwidths required to serve several traffic distributions (suburbs and city centre based) are evaluated using the Shannon equation. It is shown that capacity can be constrained when users are located in the city centres, despite longer line of sight paths to users out in the suburbs. The effects of temporal changes in the spatial traffic distribution are investigated. It is shown that bandwith requirements can be reduced if the platform moves to track these changes. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An empirical propagation prediction model is described for mobile communications from high altitude platforms (HAPs) in different types of built-up areas. The model introduced here is defined as a function of the angle of elevation. The target frequencies are selected from the 2 to 6 GHz frequency band prospective for 3G and 4G mobile systems, namely at 2.0,3.5, and 5.5 GHz. This new HAP model recognizes two cases - line of sight (LOS) and non-line of sight (NLOS) between a HAP and a user at street level. The simulation of the urban environment is based on a statistical approach. Additional shadowing path loss is calculated using the uniform theory of diffraction for NLOS conditions. Normal distribution of the additional shadowing path loss was distinguishable from the simulation results. The shadowing path loss is defined as a function of the elevation angle. The results of the empirical model developed for idealized conditions are verified by measurements taken from a remote-controlled airship in different types of urban environment. Close correlation was achieved between the theoretical model and the experimental data. The HAP elevation dependent shadowing model is easy to implement and can be used for realistic planning and simulations of mobile networks provided via HAPs in built-up areas.