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Status of ground water quality over the years in Cuttack city, Odisha, India
Abstract
A study was carried out to assesses the quality of ground water in Cuttack city. It was found that most of the parameters were below permissible limit. Kalyani nagar area and Khapuria industrial area were found to be more polluted. The ground water of the study area was safe with respect to TC,FC as none of the locations were above the WHO limit in any seasons. From correlation coefficient it has been observed that TH, Conductivity, Cl-, TDS have strong correlation with each other. Iron is negatively correlated with TH and F- is negatively correlated with pH.
Objectives: To determine the association among number of factors influenced by asthma using geographic
information system.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in Landhi and Korangi towns of Karachi from 2011 to 2013, and
comprised ecological mapping and multi-criteria evaluation techniques to discover the relationship of local
environmental settings with asthma. Additionally, exacerbating environment and the root causes within the local
settings were assessed. Data was gathered using an extended version of the questionnaire developed by the
International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. Data was analysed by using ArcGIS 10.
Results: The findings are very alarming as almost 40% (468,930 estimated pop 1998 census) of the study population
lived in high asthma-prone environment, having a very high risk of respiratory disorders, including asthma.
Conclusion: The integrated environmental effect in the form of respiratory disorders was appraised, focusing on
asthma by using multi-criteria analysis.
The paper presents studies regarding the pollution of the groundwater in Jagadalpur. The water quality parameters viz pH, electrical conductivity(EC),Turbidity, Total dissolved salt (TDS), Sodium(Na), potassium(K), calcium(Ca), chloride(Cl), sulphate(SO 4-2), Carbonate(CO 3), Bicarbonate (HCO 3),fluoride (F -),Total hardness(TH),dissolved oxygen(DO), iron(Fe) were analysed. The result shows that the ground water from some sampling sites is within permissible limit according WHO.
A systematic study of the water quality index (WQI) for 12 selected water quality parameters of 10 ground water samples around a phosphatic fertilizer plant at Paradip has been investigated over a period of one year from October 1995 to September 1996. The result of all the findings are discussed in details which reflect the quality of ground water.
A large number of ground water samples (360) was collected from 60 stations over six consecutive seasons to study the influence of the main sewerage drain on shallow ground water table beneath the municipal area of Cuttack, India. A majority of the samples collected from stations close to the drain exceeded the maximum permissible limits set by the World Health Organization (WHO). Almost all the samples near the drain exceeded the WHO limit for NO3- and Na+. However, the concentrations decreased as the distance from the drain increased. The winter season registered the maximum concentrations of NH4+, NO3-, and SO42- ions whereas the minimum values always coincided with the rainy season. R-mode factor analysis was conducted to find relationships amongst the 16 chemical parameters studied. Fluoride showed a negative correlation with Cl-, Na+, NO3-, SO42-, and PO43-. The concentration of F- may be lower in raw waste water than naturally occurs in the ground water. Therefore, a decrease in the concentration of F- near the drain may be attributed to dilution by contributions of waste water to the ground water. The rest of the parameters were found to be directly related to the distance of collection points to the sewerage. The distribution of nutrients is strongly affected by leaching of waste water into the ground water.