Kids and Media in America
Abstract
Examining the full array of media available to children and adolescents, this book describes not only the amount of time they spend with each medium, but the kinds of content they choose, and the physical, social, and psychological context of much of their exposure. This national sample study provides a comprehensive picture of young people's media behavior.
... There are studies that found that the use of internet globally would be fuelled by new updated information technologies trends like, blog writing, audio/video podcasts, Wi Fi connectivity and RSS feeds (Burns& Polman, 2006). It is a known fact now that communication technologies including the Internet have substantial impact on young children than all other technological innovations (Roberts & Foehr, 2004). A study of how the young kids use traditional and internet is important to understand and analyse as it enables advertisers and social marketers to develop effective and responsible marketing messages to these future consumers. ...
... Mass media messages are considered as equally important socializing agents as parents and schools for young kids (Strasburger & Wilson, 2002;Chaudhary & Gupta, 2012). Media contents and media usage make strong influences on young kids' belief, attitudes, and behaviours (Roberts & Foehr, 2004). The amount of time spent by kids and teenagers on various media is correlated to the social and demographic variables (Roberts et al., 2003;Comstock & Scharrer, 1999). ...
India is one of the countries with the highest number of kids under the age of 18 years. This paper adds value in understanding the usage in the current covid scenario. The research objectives for the current study are to examine how young kids in India use their time on internet for varied purposes, to study how young kids find the websites that are of interest to them and to examine how young kids obtain information about sensitive issues. A cross-sectional web survey was conducted to examine the various aspects of the use of the Internet and traditional media (television/radio/magazines/newspapers/billboards) among kids in India. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire. The sampling method used in the study was purposive sample (522 kids). Internet emerged as the first choice of media for kids for all the nine selected activities that include homework, shopping, restaurant/food-ordering, travel and tour, information search, health related information, weather forecast, entertainment, and news/current events. Girl respondents as compared to boys have consumed Internet at a higher rate for learning about the fashion (trends) and health related issues such as seeking preventative health care and specific information about medical issues . As of January 2021, there were 59.5 percent of the global population is active internet users. This also means that more than half of the global population is connected to the internet at any given point of time. Of this total, 92.6 percent (4.32 billion) accessed the internet via mobile devices (Statistica, 2021). There are studies that found that the use of internet globally would be fuelled by new updated information technologies trends like, blog writing, audio/video podcasts, Wi Fi connectivity and RSS feeds (Burns& Polman, 2006). It is a known fact now that communication technologies including the Internet have substantial impact on young children than all other technological innovations (Roberts & Foehr, 2004). A study of how the young kids use traditional and internet is important to understand and analyse as it enables advertisers and social marketers to develop effective and responsible marketing messages to these future consumers. India is poised to be the youngest country in the world by 2022. As per the recent data, India in 2020 have over 560 million internet users. By 2023, there would be over 650 million internet users the country (Statista, 2020).
... Activities in which a majority of adolescent Internet users claim to participate include E-mailing, viewing entertainment news websites, playing games, instant messaging, creating or accessing user-created content, getting information about education, visiting chat rooms, visiting social networking sites, gathering information on politics, and downloading music (PEW, 2005). Research suggests the majority of adolescent online pursuits fall into one of five general categories (Gross, 2004;Roberts et al., 2005;Seiter, 2005). These include communication, information, entertainment, selfexpression, and escape. ...
... These include communication, information, entertainment, selfexpression, and escape. Importantly however, adolescents consistently report their most common reason for using the Internet as communicating with their peers (Bargh & McKenna, 2004;Boneva et al., 2006;Gross, 2004;Jackson, 2008;PEW, 2007;Roberts et al., 2005). ...
This chapter considers the potential role of the Internet in the process of adolescent sexual identity construction. It starts by providing evidence of the ever-increasing role the Internet is playing in the lives of adolescents and by considering the potential impact such a technology is likely to have given the transitional nature of the adolescent brain. A consideration of theoretical approaches for understanding the role the Internet is likely to play in individuals’ sexual self-identity development is then undertaken. A review of the specific role Internet communication technologies have come to play in the process of adolescent sexual socialization is then carried out. In doing so the authors argue that future research addressing the role of the Internet in the process of adolescent sexual socialization and identity development must consider both the specific structure of the adolescent brain and the unique nature of the Internet as a source of information and an opportunity for social networking.
... As society becomes increasingly media-saturated, media's role in children's lives has also increased (Roberts & Foehr, 2004). Dill (2013) claims that "media use is by far the most common way human beings spend our free time in the modern world" (p. ...
... We use the term "children's media" to refer to media that were watched/used by the children in the study; these may or may not be media that are intended for children. Indeed, children's preference for adult programming over children's programming tends to occur at age eight(Roberts & Foehr, 2004). 2 Although we view gender as a performative social construct that occurs on a spectrum(Butler, 1990(Butler, , 1999, binary gender categories (i.e., girls and boys) were used to reflect the binary world, particularly school settings, in which the study's participants are growing up. ...
Media play an important role in young people’s lives as an agent of socialization, both generally and with regard to mathematics. To understand the mathematics-related messages disseminated to young people via popular media, we analyzed portrayals of mathematics and mathematicians in over 40 media examples (television shows, movies, websites, video games, and books). Notably, the selection of media was based on elementary students’ responses to a questionnaire about their media favourites, thus enabling an analysis of the messages to which students are exposed during typical media use. While there were differences in the portrayals across the media types, the messages disseminated consistently related to the invisibility of mathematics, narrow views of mathematics, and stereotypical portrayals of mathematicians. Such messages are problematic as they can influence young people’s views of mathematics and mathematicians, as well as of themselves as mathematics learners.
... Obecność wielu nowych technologii informacyjnych w domach współczesnych dzieci prowadzi do konstatacji powstania zjawiska bedroom culture, spędzania większości czasu przez dzieci we własnych pokojach na kontaktach z mediami [6]. Badania nad wpływem mediów na rozwój poznawczy dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym i szkolnym wskazywały z jednej strony na korzyści z tego płynące, z drugiej zaś na zagrożenia dla rozwoju wynikające z oglądanych treści czy długości czasu spędzanego przed ekranem [7]. Zdecydowanie mniej podejmowano badań nad wpływem ekspozycji na media w przypadku dzieci poniżej 3. roku życia. ...
... PODSUMOWANIE W charakterze podsumowania zostaną przytoczone dane statystyczne obrazujące obecne realia kontaktu współczesnego dziecka z mediami. Wyniki badań polskich w tym zakresie są zbieżne z doniesieniami amerykańskimi [6,41,7]. 1. W drugim roku życia badane dzieci opanowują na równi samodzielne chodzenie, jak i włączanie telewizora, natomiast trzylatki pota ą obsługiwać kilka mediów elektronicznych. 2. Dwu-i trzylatki spędzają na kontakcie z mediami więcej czasu niż na zabawie na świeżym powietrzu, a 25% dzieci w tym wieku wieku spędza przed telewizorem więcej czasu niż zalecają pediatrzy. ...
The literature review regarding potential effects of screen media on cognitive development among children under 3 years old, is presented. In this article, cognitive aspects of development include acquisition of language, attention, learning and later school performance. The constant increase of children's access to television is noted, indicating that 60% of infants and toddlers watch TV regularly for 1-2 hours per day. The review included 40 articles and book chapters of significant such as Anderson, Barr, Christakis, Zimmerman, Meltzoff, Courage, Setliff, Troseth. The data was selected from electronic databases of scientific publications: Psychology & Behavioral Sciences Collection, Social Sciences Full Text (H.W. Wilson) and Humanities Full Text (H.W. Wilson) available in Poland. Cited articles provide evidence of the negative impact of exposure to television, media and video on the cognitive functioning of children under 3 years old. The potential impact of watching TV for difficulties in ability to focus attention appears as a core danger. Furthermore, studies suggest a possible connection between early exposure to television and ADHD as well as difficulties with language acquisition, learning and poorer school results.
... Obecność wielu nowych technologii informacyjnych w domach współczesnych dzieci prowadzi do konstatacji powstania zjawiska bedroom culture, spędzania większości czasu przez dzieci we własnych pokojach na kontaktach z mediami [6]. Badania nad wpływem mediów na rozwój poznawczy dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym i szkolnym wskazywały z jednej strony na korzyści z tego płynące, z drugiej zaś na zagrożenia dla rozwoju wynikające z oglądanych treści czy długości czasu spędzanego przed ekranem [7]. Zdecydowanie mniej podejmowano badań nad wpływem ekspozycji na media w przypadku dzieci poniżej 3. roku życia. ...
... PODSUMOWANIE W charakterze podsumowania zostaną przytoczone dane statystyczne obrazujące obecne realia kontaktu współczesnego dziecka z mediami. Wyniki badań polskich w tym zakresie są zbieżne z doniesieniami amerykańskimi [6,41,7]. 1. W drugim roku życia badane dzieci opanowują na równi samodzielne chodzenie, jak i włączanie telewizora, natomiast trzylatki pota ą obsługiwać kilka mediów elektronicznych. 2. Dwu-i trzylatki spędzają na kontakcie z mediami więcej czasu niż na zabawie na świeżym powietrzu, a 25% dzieci w tym wieku wieku spędza przed telewizorem więcej czasu niż zalecają pediatrzy. ...
Streszczenie Celem artykułu jest przegląd badań dotyczących wpływu mediów elektronicznych, szczególnie telewizji, na rozwój poznawczy dzieci poniżej 3. roku życia. Przytaczane badania obejmują takie apekty funkcjonowania poznawczego jak nabywanie języka, uwagę, uczenie się oraz późniejsze osiągnięcia szkolne. Wyniki badań sugerują zwiększający się dostęp coraz młoszych dzieci do telewizji, wskazując, że nawet 60% z nich ogląda telewizję regularnie przez 1-2 godzin dziennie. W przeglądzie uwzględniono 40 artykułów i rozdziałów książkowych znaczących autorów zajmujących się tą dziedziną (Anderson, Barr, Christakis, Zimmerman, Meltzoo, Courage, Setlii, Troseth). Dane literaturowe zostały wybrane z baz publikacji naukowych: Psychology&Behavioral Sciences Collection, Social Sciences Full Text (H.W. Wilson) oraz Humanities Full Text (H.W. Wilson) dostępnych w Polsce. Przytoczone badania przynoszą wyniki potwierdzające negatywny wpływ ekspozycji na telewizję i materiały audiowizualne na funkcjonowanie poznawcze dzieci poniżej 3. roku życia. Szczególnie ważne wydają się potencjalne skutki oglądania telewizji dla zdolności skupiania uwagi oraz potencjalny związek między wczesną ekspozycją na przekaz ekranowy a zespołem nadpobudliwości psychoruchowej. Słowa kluczowe: psychologia rozwojowa, małe dziecko, przekaz medialny, rozwój poznawczy Abstract The literature review regarding potential eeects of screen media on cognitive development among children under 3 years old, is presented. In this article, cognitive aspects of development include acquisition of language, attention, learning and later school performance. The constant increase of children's access to television is noted, indicating that 60% of infants and toddlers watch TV regularly for 1-2 hours per day. The review included 40 articles and book chapters of signiicant such as Anderson, Barr, Christakis, Zimmerman, Meltzoo, Courage, Setlii, Troseth. The data was selected from electronic databases of scientiic publications: Psychology & Behavioral Sciences Collection, Social Sciences Full Text (H.W. Wilson) and Humanities Full Text (H.W. Wilson) available in Poland. Cited articles provide evidence of the negative impact of exposure to television, media and video on the cognitive functioning of children under 3 years old. The potential impact of watching TV for diiculties in ability to focus attention appears as a core danger. Furthermore, studies suggest a possible connection between early exposure to television and ADHD as well as diiculties with language acquisition, learning and poorer school results.
... The first strand outlines positive outcomes based on media access. The second strand points Anna Skoczek out possible dangers for the child's development considering negative outcomes of content watched and the length of time spent in front of the TV (Robert, Foehr, 2004). ...
This article is a voice in discussion related to the role of mass media in educating and upbringing children in pre-school age. Human being in current times is best described as homo mediorum, who more or less depends from digital media. Those behaviours and other media related addictions are being transmitted to children nearly from the very first day of their lives. What are the consequences of that? Unfortunately, most of the consequence are negative. Research shows there are difficulties with language acquisition, selective attention, correct development of cognitive functions and it may even lower the intelligence level. Summarising it is clear that electronic media do not support education. What about upbringing? Mass media generate difficulties in interpersonal relations, lead to aggression, lack of empathy and addictions. Conclusion? It is impossible to withdraw mass media from children lives but let us try to decrease their influence in the lives of the youngest children.
... Some parents discuss media use often with their children, talking about content viewed in particular (Coyne et al., 2017;Hefner et al., 2019;Lee, 2013), termed active mediation, while other parents take a more hands-off approach. They may feel overwhelmed or are incredibly busy (Roberts & Foehr, 2004), and as a result may not have the time to create or enforce rules or expectations around children's media usage (Hefner et al., 2019). Other parents take an approach to media that includes placing rules and expectations of media usage and content on their children, termed restrictive mediation (Coyne et al., 2017;Hefner et al., 2019). ...
... According to Heim et al.(2007) children who received higher degree of parental monitoring were more likely to be "well adjusted, taking fewer risks with adverse health outcomes and seldom participating in anti-social activities". Roberts and Foehr (2004)mentioned that much of the media consumed by children was mostly unsupervised. Staksrud and Livingstone (2009)urged parents to have close understanding of their child's Internet usage and online risks. ...
This research aims to enhance knowledge of children’s media usage on daily basis, their parents’ perspectives and mediation regarding their children media usage activities in Islamabad, Pakistan. A better understanding of the experiences of children’s media usage provides the necessary context for all the stakeholders to judge whether children use media devices critically or they get more exposure towards harmful impact. The finding suggests that with the growing possibilities of media among children, to control or restrict their media related activities is not sufficient rather children need to be prepared to critically analyze the media. Thus, this study proposes the need of media literacy for children empowerment at primary school level. Therefore, this study can contribute the literature in terms of what mediation strategies are adopted by the parents in Islamabad, Pakistan to monitor their children’s media related activities at home.
... An earlier study found that the amount of time adolescents watch music videos exceeds the amount of time they spend watching TV or with any other medium (Roberts & Foehr, 2004). Importantly, the women in these types of media tend to be depicted in a sexually submissive manner (Conrad et al., 2009) while wearing provocative clothing (King et al., 2006;Seidman, 1992;Smith, 2005). ...
Although there is growing evidence that receiving positive emotional support (e.g., empathy) facilitates improved mental health outcomes among intimate partner violence (IPV) victims, there has been minimal exploration of factors that might undermine the likelihood of such supportive responses. The current study addressed this issue by examining whether exposure to sexualized music videos would affect IPV victim-directed empathic responding of third-party respondents. In a three-condition design, 243 female Fijian university students viewed sexualized, nonsexualized, or neutral music videos. They then read about a male-to-female IPV incident involving a university student victim who focused heavily on academic success and rated aspiration-related culpability and empathic responding for the victim. Relative to those who viewed neutral and nonsexualized videos, those who viewed the sexualized video reported less victim-directed empathy. Moreover, the impact of video type on empathy was mediated by aspiration-related culpability (i.e., the perception that the victim studied too much). The present research examined, in an understudied, patriarchal population (Fijian women) with an extremely high rate of IPV, how exposure to sexualized music videos can contribute to both greater blame and greater desensitization to the suffering of an IPV victim. The importance of studying third-party responders (bystanders) is that they may represent a fundamental resource for the victim, or by contrast, if they fail to respond empathically, they would be unsupportive to a victim. This provides some directions for facilitating social controls and decreasing social tolerance for harmful patriarchal beliefs and gender-based violence in the Pacific Region of the world.
... The magazines have a special place within the adolescent media diet since the readers rely on magazines as a "sounding board" and "close confidant" (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2004, p. 2). As such, they remain popular among adolescents, with about 6 out of 10 teenagers reading them (Roberts & Foehr, 2004). Additionally, the magazines are easily accessible for girls, both in print and online form, and appeal to girls through their offering of colorful editorials, columns and such, about fashion, lifestyle, and information about everyday life (Farvid & Braun, 2006). ...
Girls’ magazines play an important role in the maintenance of gender perceptions and the creation of gender by young girls. Due to a recent resurgence within public discussion and mediated content of feminist, postfeminist, and antifeminist repertoires, centered on what femininity entails, young girls are growing up in an environment in which conflicting messages are communicated about their gender. To assess, which shared norms and values related to gender are articulated in girl culture and to what extent these post/anti/feminist repertoires are prevalent in the conceptualization of girlhood, it is important to analyze magazines as vehicles of this culture. The current study analyzes if and how contemporary postfeminist thought is articulated in popular girl’s magazines. To reach this goal, we conducted a thematic analysis of three popular Dutch teenage girls’ magazines (N = 27, from 2018), Fashionchick , Cosmogirl , and Girlz . The results revealed that the magazines incorporate feminist, antifeminist, and as a result, postfeminist discourse in their content. The themes in which these repertoires are articulated are centered around: the body, sex, male–female relationships, female empowerment, and self-reflexivity. The magazines function as a source of gender socialization for teenage girls, where among other gendered messages a large palette of postfeminist themes are part of the magazines’ articulation of what it means to be a girl in contemporary society.
... Media consumption refers to the behaviour of the public dependence on and use of media to obtain specific information for individual diversified information needs (Intravia et al. 2017).While media consumption, media use, and media exposure are often used interchangeably, they emphasise somewhat different conceptions of media reception processes (Peter, Naab, and K€ uhne 2019). In their book, Roberts et al. (2003) show that overall media consumption includes two parallel processing patterns: media use and media exposure. Custers andVan den Bulck (2011) andIntravia (2019) share similar views. ...
Media is an important explanatory variable in the research on the social amplification of risk; the public often perceives risks in social life through media consumption such as by relying on, using, and trusting the media dialectically. Currently, researchers have not reached a consistent conclusion about the relationship between media consumption and public risk perception (PRP). This study uses meta-analysis to integrate empirical literature and conducts a more in-depth and systematic analysis of the relationship between media consumption and PRP. The results show that (1) there is no significant correlation between general media use (GMU) and PRP, there is positive relationship between selective media exposure (SMEX) and PRP, and there is no significant correlation between media source credibility (MSC) and PRP. (2) Further meta-regression and subgroup analyses show that country type significantly moderates the relationship between GMU and PRP. Compared with high uncertainty avoidance countries, the relationship between GMU and PRP in low uncertainty avoidance countries is stronger. Moreover, risk type significantly moderates the relationship between SMEX and PRP. Compared with terrorist crime, environmental, accident and other types of risks, the SMEX is more positively correlated with public’s food safety and health risk perception. In addition, media type moderates the relationship between MSC and PRP. Compared with traditional media and internet social media, the MSC of mixed media have a stronger positive relationship with PRP.
... On the other hand, women met people, shopped, and regularly changed the appearance of their avatar. This was previously established by Lenhart, Lewis, and Rainie (2001) and Roberts and Foehr (2004) who found that women engage with instant messaging and chat rooms, while men are into online trading, games, music, and web pages. Colley and Maltby (2008) conducted a study on "Has the Internet changed your life?" and concluded that more men mentioned positive sociopolitical effects, career opportunities, and negative aspects of technology. ...
This paper explored the concept of the extended self in the context of virtual realities and spaces, and through the prism of gender. It demonstrated the manner in which selves are constructed and presented on social media platforms. Through this enquiry, the study showed that both genders engage in self‐construction in diverse ways, with different impacts in terms of the tools used for self‐presentation. The study can be useful in terms of assessing young adults' behaviors in the virtual arena and analyzing the various ways of extending self.
... For example, one major review of theories arising from Internet studies made no mention of cultures (Rice & Fuller, 2013). And one of the most comprehensive reviews of digital divide research covers only a few studies focused on attitudes and beliefs (Roberts, Foehr, Rideout, & Brodie, 2004) and a preponderance of studies focused on categorizing patterns of use (Brandtzaeg, 2010). ...
The attitudes and values of Internet users and non-users have frequently been studied, but they have rarely been used to identify broader patterns that could define general cultural orientations to the Internet. This chapter describes these orientations and how they might shape digital divides, such as why some people choose not to use the Internet. Specifically, the authors describe cultural values concerning the Internet in seven nations, and how these patterns of beliefs and values about the Internet can explain digital inequalities in Internet access and patterns of use. Their analysis explains why they believe that “cultures of the Internet” are as important as individual-level factors, such as age, education, and Internet skills, if not more so, in predicting patterns of (non)use of the Internet across all seven countries.
... For example, young adults of today are the first generation that have grown up in a media-saturated world. Compared to older generations, young people therefore have experiences that deserve attention in their own right (Roberts et al. 2003: Possamai 2009Barry et al. 2010;Collins-Mayo and Beaudoin 2010). ...
Religious socialization remains a widely used concept amongst scholars who direct attention to the social patterns that underline the formation of religious attitudes. This article presents contemporary conceptualizations of religious socialization and provides an overview of how the concept is used in empirical studies. As the article sets the frame for the thematic issue at hand, it contains a presentation of the research project that the findings reported depart from. In line with the findings reported in the articles, we argue for an expanded understanding of religious socialization, formulated as four points. Finally, a definition of religious socialization that accounts for these four points is proposed.
... To them, reading books for knowledge and enjoyment is a backdated idea. Roberts and Foehr (2004) observe that the Internet has fixed dead roots in the lives of the net generation students than all other technological innovations. But, according to Holte (1998, p. 80), reading "adds quality to life and provides access to culture and cultural heritage". ...
This study tries to find out the influence of Internet and social media on students’ habit of reading printed books. The entire study is conducted among a sample of 96 students of two different institutions of Khulna, a southern district of Bangladesh. Primary data are collected through a questionnaire survey where the number of variables is 16. The study tries to explore that students are less interested in reading books and are prone to gather information through passive sources like movies, television, the Internet, etc. The result shows that students spend more hours on electronic media than on reading books. They take more pleasure in technology or social media than reading books. So, this study tries to bring the present vulnerable condition of reading habit into light.
... When the spread of the Internet and social networks first began, several studies investigated different types of Internet users [12], [14], [17] and many more studies followed. Research has been conducted on Internet users in the U.S. [7], [13], [16], [18], [19]; in Canada [13]; and in Scandinavian countries including Norway and Sweden [15]. There are also a number of studies that focus on EU countries and others that compare the EU with the U.S. [1], [9], [10]. ...
As the number of Internet users grows rapidly, the way users access the Internet and their behavior change. This study focuses on Internet user typology, which is an area that has not been recently examined. The research explores whether the Internet user typology specified in previous literature is still applicable in the present and, if not, what has changed. The results reveal that the previous way of categorizing users into several types based on their activities alone is no longer applicable. Consequently, the researcher proposed a new methodology to group users based on applications and the frequency of accessing them, coupled with the use of demographic data. The survey-based cluster analysis shows four Internet user types in Thailand. Only one group is similar to previous literature, which is the non-users. In addition, there are three new groups of users that have characteristics that are completely different from the typologies in the previous literature. The most interesting and unexpected finding is the new type of user that the researcher calls the self-satisficing group, the name of which could be related to the concept of satisficing theory in economics.
... There is no doubt that communication technology, including the Internet, has a strong effect on the lives of young adults compared with the rest of technological innovations. Media content has influenced, in particular, the beliefs, attitudes and behavior of young adults ( Roberts and Foehr, 2004). Most studies agree that young adults are one of the most interested user groups in the Internet, as they tend to exercise freedom and control provided by the media experience on the Internet. ...
This study examines the use of local and Arab news websites among young adults in Bahrain. It identifies the patterns of use, the reasons of choices, and the factors that influence these choices and highlights the potential difficulties, if any, preventing users from finding gratifications in their news practices. A survey was administered to a random sample of 522 Bahraini young adults aged 18 to 29 years to achieve the objectives of the study. The study found that online news consumption by young adults in Bahrain is on the increase, is accessed in particular by the mobile phone at all times and in all places, however, only a short time is allocated for this use, and is focused more on local news. The study also showed that young Bahrainis have become active users, relying on multiple patterns of use, and that their activity is not confined to reading the news but have a feeling of belonging to a community of users (Breton and Proulx, 2002). They also engage in parallel interactive activities that support their position through employing Internet technology from the perspective of uses and gratifications theory (Ruggiero, 2000).
... There is no doubt that communication technology, including the Internet, has a strong effect on the lives of young adults compared with the rest of technological innovations. Media content has influenced, in particular, the beliefs, attitudes and behavior of young adults ( Roberts & Foehr, 2004). Most studies agree that young adults are one of the most interested user groups in the Internet, as they tend to exercise freedom and control provided by the media experience on the Internet. ...
This study examines the use of local and Arab news websites among young adults in Bahrain. It identifies the patterns of use, the reasons of choices, and the factors that influence these choices and highlights the potential difficulties, if any, preventing users from finding gratifications in their news practices. A survey was administered to a random sample of 522 Bahraini young adults aged 18 to 29 years to achieve the objectives of the study. The study found that online news consumption by young adults in Bahrain is on the increase, is accessed in particular by the mobile phone at all times and in all places, however, only a short time is allocated for this use, and is focused more on local news. The study also showed that young Bahrainis have become active users, relying on multiple patterns of use, and that their activity is not confined to reading the news but have a feeling of belonging to a community of users (Breton & Proulx, 2002). They also engage in parallel interactive activities that support their position through employing Internet technology from the perspective of uses and gratifications theory (Ruggiero, 2000).
... Females use the internet primarily for socialization, and men use it for the experience it provides (Hilbert, 2011). Females use it for messaging while men use it for playing games, downloading music, trading online, and creating web pages (Roberts & Foehr, 2004). Women are less likely than men to use ICTs and anecdotal evidence suggests women suffer from a lack of access to ICTs and training (Best & Maier, 2007), and have negative attitudes towards ICTs (Varank, 2007). ...
Information and communication technologies (ICTs) investments come with expectations of increased productivity, but results from ICT impact studies are mixed. We look at workforce characteristics and female participation in the workforce and management and ICTs as contexts to investigate their impact on capacity utilization. This was accomplished by using the Technology, Organization, and Environment framework and regression analysis. The results illustrate the importance of a stable and skilled workforce, capable of leveraging the existing infrastructure. In addition, the pursuit of international certifications, formal employee training, female participation, and other factors affect capacity utilization. From the research findings, we identified eight research hypotheses for future investigations.
... Thus, targeting parents' understandings of gender and mathematics, by both the educational system and the media (in which mathematics education researchers can play a key role, in both cases), in both cases, should be a focus. More generally, parents, teachers and -particularly in today's technology-focused world -media all play key socializing roles in children's lives (Arnon, Shamai, & Ilatov, 2008;Roberts & Foehr, 2004), so it is important that mathematics educators strive to target the messages that are being disseminated to children about gender and mathematics so that all children are exposed to positive, gender-neutral messages that encourage positive relationships with mathematics and participation at non-mandatory levels of study. ...
By investigating the general public’s views, we can better understand the cultural milieu in which mathematics teaching and learning take place. In this study, part of an international research project, I investigated the Canadian general public’s views of gender and mathematics. Using a brief survey, people on the street and in public spaces in four demographically diverse locations in the Canadian province of Ontario were asked their views on the topic. The findings suggest reasons to be both cautiously optimistic and concerned. While the most common response to the questions examined typically was to see no gender difference, more participants held a gendered view (typically privileging boys) than a gender-neutral view. Interestingly, no age group-related differences occurred in response patterns, but gender-related differences in response patterns were evident.
... For example, one major review of theories arising from Internet studies made no mention of cultures (Rice & Fuller, 2013). And one of the most comprehensive reviews of digital divide research covers only a few studies focused on attitudes and beliefs (Roberts, Foehr, Rideout, & Brodie, 2004) and a preponderance of studies focused on categorizing patterns of use (Brandtzaeg, 2010). ...
Researchers on digital divides have identified demographic and attitudinal factors associated with inequalities in access, skills, and patterns of Internet use, primarily around age, income, and education. While the attitudes and values of Internet users and non-users have been studied over the years, they have rarely been used to identify broader ‘cultures of the Internet’ and their role in shaping digital divides. This paper builds on research in Britain, which focused on patterns of attitudes underpinning Internet cultures, to explore the degree that similar or distinctive cultures have developed in the USA, and whether and how they are useful in explaining digital divides. This study utilizes original data drawn from a telephone survey of residents across the State of Michigan that adapted survey items and methods from the Oxford Internet Survey of Britain. Based on these survey responses, the paper identifies and describes the cultures of the Internet among Michigan residents, as an exploratory case of the US as a whole, and shows how these cultures shape digital divides in Internet access and social media use. The robustness and explanatory power of these explorations of Internet cultures argue for further research on the United States and for comparative research with other nations.
... For example, one major review of theories arising from Internet studies made no mention of cultures (Rice & Fuller, 2013). And one of the most comprehensive reviews of digital divide research covers only a few studies focused on attitudes and beliefs (Roberts, Foehr, Rideout, & Brodie, 2004) and a preponderance of studies focused on categorizing patterns of use (Brandtzaeg, 2010). ...
... Based on the data gathered and analyzed, 10 respondents making 10% are within the ages of 17 and 19, 35 making 35% are within the ages of 20-22, 40 making 40% are within the ages of 23-25 while 15 making 15% are within the ages of 26-28. This implies that most of the respondents were within the ages of [23][24][25]. Gender of respondents' shows that 65 of the respondents making 65% were female while 35 making 35% were male. This implies that majority of the respondents were female. ...
This study examines the influence of Television programmes on youth dressing pattern in Taraba State University, Jalingo. The researcher employed Taro Yame's formula to select 100 students which formed the sample frame. The study made use of focus group and quantitative survey for its methodology. 8 participants formed the focus group while 100 selected students were distributed questionnaires. All the questionnaires distributed were duly filled and retrieved by the researcher. Data gathered for the quantitative survey were coded in SPSS version 22 and presented in tables with frequency counts and simple percentages while the focus group was textually analyzed. The study revealed among other things that entertainment/musical programmes are the most preferred and watched programmes by youths. The study also revealed that youths imitate the hip hop/hippies and makeup/hairstyles shown on television programmes than any other form of dressing and imitating such dressing makes them appear indecent. The study recommends that Universities and other tertiary institutions should take the issue of dress code serious, punishing students who are found wanting. Local Television presenters should dress decently at all times and no matter their kind of programmes they should know that they are role models and whatever they do is easily copied by the young ones. Abstract-This study examines the influence of Television programmes on youth dressing pattern in Taraba State University, Jalingo. The researcher employed Taro Yame's formula to select 100 students which formed the sample frame. The study made use of focus group and quantitative survey for its methodology. 8 participants formed the focus group while 100 selected students were distributed questionnaires. All the questionnaires distributed were duly filled and retrieved by the researcher. Data gathered for the quantitative survey were coded in SPSS version 22 and presented in tables with frequency counts and simple percentages while the focus group was textually analyzed. The study revealed among other things that entertainment/musical programmes are the most preferred and watched programmes by youths. The study also revealed that youths imitate the hip hop/hippies and makeup/hairstyles shown on television programmes than any other form of dressing and imitating such dressing makes them appear indecent. The study recommends that Universities and other tertiary institutions should take the issue of dress code serious, punishing students who are found wanting. Local Television presenters should dress decently at all times and no matter their kind of programmes they should know that they are role models and whatever they do is easily copied by the young ones.
... The accessibility of video games on Internet and on mobile phones, as well as the availability of handheld video game consoles, has had a large impact on the gaming environment, and this affects gaming at several levels. Roberts and Foehr (2004) have argued that, among the young people they surveyed, those who had access to personal media (in their bedroom or through the use of portable media) were more likely to report substantially higher exposure than those who did not have such portable media forms. Over the past four decades the way in which games are played has changed (there has been progress from arcade machines to consoles and computers, to handheld devices, and to smart phones, online), and, with the help of technology, game realism has advanced from black and white to color, from 2D to 3D graphics. ...
The amount of time people spend playing video games is steadily increasing and this finding is evident internationally. There is consistent evidence that video game play can lead to changes in physiology and psychology. The effects of these changes can be both positive and negative. The accessibility of video games on the Internet and on mobile phones has had a large impact on the gaming environment, and this affects gaming at several levels. This entry explores, selectively rather than systematically, key areas of research in this field and briefly overviews the effects of video gaming. Video games have been shown to have positive effects on both health and education. There is little evidence that playing in moderation, online or offline, has any negative effects. Most reported negative effects (e.g., medical–psychosocial impacts of gaming, playing violent video games, and gaming addiction) appear to occur when individuals play excessively.
... Measures that do focus on content, like diaries and cued recall measures are time-consuming and result in difficulties in forming a consistent measurement device that can be used to compare different samples or different countries (Annenberg Media Exposure Research Group, 2008;Coyne & Archer, 2005;Coyne, Nelson, Graham-Kevan, Keister, & Grant, 2010;Roberts & Foehr, 2004;Sargent et al., 2008). ...
It is somewhat ironic that although youth today are saturated in media, no standardized instrument exists to measure individual’s exposure to specific media content. Therefore, we developed and validated a scale to measure both the frequency and content of adolescents’ media exposure which measures media exposure regardless of media channel: the Content-based Media Exposure Scale (C-ME). The C-ME includes 17 items that assess exposure to antisocial (8 items) and neutral (9 items) media content. The factor structure was investigated in three independent samples (N=892; N=748; N=524). Model fit indices like CFA’s and RMSEA showed good fit, for both types of content, and predictive and discriminant validity was assessed. Exposure to antisocial media content positively correlated with sensation seeking, trait aggressiveness, violent media use, and general media use. The C-ME proves a reliable and easy to use instrument that measures media exposure in today’s (new) media landscape.
... There are differences in patterns of use of the internet between men and women. Studies showed that girls use the internet for chatting while boys used the internet for downloading games and music, engaging in online trading, and creating Web pages (Lenhart, Rainie, and Lewis, 2001; Roberts and Foehr, 2004). Men tend to use internet for playing games, watching news and viewing multimedia, while women are more likely to use internet for social networking, online shopping, and email (TNS Digital Survey 2010, cited in Intel 2013: 68). ...
... One context that has received a great deal of attention is the internet, including communication through mobile devices. Although computer use begins early in childhood (Rideout, Vandewater, & Wartella, 2003), the transition to adolescence is often accompanied by access to a cell phone and increased time spent on social media (Lenhart, Purcell, Smith, & Zickuhr, 2010;Rideout, Foehr, & Roberts, 2010;Roberts & Foehr, 2004). This point is illustrated nicely by a recent study by the Kaiser Foundation on over 2000 3rd e 12th graders (Rideout et al., 2010). ...
Since Dan Olweus's seminal work on bullying in the 1970's (Olweus, 1978), there has been a concerted effort by investigators to identify the confluence of factors that contribute to peer victimization and its role in psychosocial development. Although the cause and consequences of peer victimization may include underlying, age-invariant processes, the manifestation of these factors is, in part, driven by the developmental stage being studied. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of peer victimization requires an explicit developmental perspective. This paper examines how peer victimization in adolescence is unique from other developmental periods. Changes in the nature of peer victimization, associated risk factors, the contexts in which victimization is experienced, and the psychosocial outcomes affected are addressed. A primary focus is how maturational processes and interpersonal contexts characteristic of adolescence contribute to changes in victimization, with the objective of informing future research directions and the development of effective interventions.
... With the advent of electronic media, including motion pictures, radio and television, this concern of the influence of media on young people has become even more urgent. Electronic media, especially television in particular, provides much more information than what children already know or need to know (Roberts et al., 2004). Keshtiaray and Akbari (2011) posit that with the introduction of instantaneous communication, comprising simple and rapid entry and access to communicate with the world in different forms with no limitation of time and space, has facilitated access to and participation in economic, scientific, cultural, artistic, religious databases which can be counted among its unique features. ...
Nowadays, the development of information and communication technology has a significant role in human life. Fundamental changes due to the emergence of information and communications technologies are considerable in different spheres of individual and social life. Media messages in the era of globalization are the most important contemporary challenges. The aim of this study is to provide an effective approach in reducing damage to young people in virtual space. The research method involved a non-systematic review via a main keyword search in important and useful databases and an extensive literature review. The findings of the study have confirmed that media literacy is an effective approach in reducing the damage of virtual space on the younger generation. One of requirements of globalization is the need for education and training to prepare young people to face the unpredictable challenges of life. Media literacy skills should be included in the education system to deal with the negative effects of media in young people as they are active audiences who perceive messages, decrypt and evaluate them.
Розкрито ключові тенденції та підходи у західному науковому дискурсі на рубежі ХХ – ХХІ ст., пов‘язаному з проблематикою субкультур відеоігор. Культурологічний (власне (пост) субкультурний) аналіз відеоігор у рамках зарубіжного наукового дискурсу на рубежі ХХ – ХХІ ст. логічно й закономірно підводить до низки суспільно-політичних та етико-філософських проблем. Субкультури відеоігор – молодіжні культурні практики та моделі поведінки геймерів як активних медіа споживачів у віртуальному просторі, що ґрунтуються на змістовному матеріалі, формують ігровий та соціокультурний досвід гравця, розвивають просторове мислення, а такожтрансформують його культурну ідентичність. При цьому, наголошують зарубіжні дослідники, відеоігри часто спричиняють серйозні адикції, десоціалізують, а інтерактивність створює ілюзію легкості досягнення цілей, що «атрофує» моральну рефлексію і зумовлює «фундаментальну втрату орієнтацій» як наслідок мікшуваннявіртуального та реального в свідомості геймера. Ще однією проблемою, яка активно обговорювалася на рубежі ХХ – ХХІ ст. і потребує осмислення в ключі постсубкультурного підходу, є ототожнення ігор зі споживчими звичками молоді чоловічої статті, що призводить до появи «максулінних упереджень» в науці. Одним із негативних аспектів субкультури відеоігор також є культивування елементу насильницьких дій.
Dijital teknolojiler, dijital medya ile internet; günümüz toplumlarının gündelik yaşam, deneyim ve pratiklerini şekillendirerek, neredeyse dokunulmamış hiçbir alan bırakmamıştır. Toplumun en küçük birimi olan aile de dijital gelişmelerden etkilenen alanların başında gelmektedir. Bu süreçte dijital medya, yalnızca aile içi ve dışı iletişim biçimini değiştirmekle kalmamış, aynı zamanda ebeveyn-çocuk/genç ilişkisini de farklı düzey ve biçimlerde dönüştürmüştür. Dijital medya, bir yandan çocuk ve gençlere yeni sosyalleşme ile eğitim fırsatları sunarken; öte yandan aile içi ilişkilerde birtakım sorunların, pedagojik veya sosyal problemlerin ortaya çıkmasına yol açabilmektedir. Bu bağlamda gençlerin ailede gerçekleşen dini sosyalleşme süreçleri, dini eğitim biçimleri ile din algıları da değişime uğramaktadır. Buradan hareketle çalışma, dijital çağdaki ebeveyn-çocuk ilişkileri bağlamında, ergen ve genç bireylerin ailedeki dini sosyalleşme, din algısı ve dindarlık eğilimlerini ilgili literatüre dayanarak betimsel analiz yöntemiyle ele almayı amaçlamıştır. Çalışma sonucunda gerek dünyada gerekse Türkiye’de gençlerin dini bağlılık oranının yetişkinlere göre daha düşük olduğu görülürken, dijitalleşme ile din algısı arasında bir korelasyon olduğu saptanmıştır.
Purpose: Reinforcement and development of reading culture of secondary school students through theoretical and research section of the paper. The concept of reading culture among students of secondary schools is connected with the path of the book.Methodology/approach: The research shows results of the national survey made in the Republic of Croatia among students of secondary schools. The instrument used was a questionnaire. The research was anonymous. The sample obtained is convenient. The number of respondents was 251. Results of the research were processed by the computer programme Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), by means of a descriptive statistics and they are presented in percentages.Results: According to the processed sample, the results of this research showed that almost 1/3 of the students in Croatia did not have a developed reading culture. However, 2/3 of the respondents read at least one book per month. The survey encompassed a smaller number of secondary school students only in Croatia, so the sample was not representative. The research has shown that information channels need to be improved in order for information and books to reach students, potential readers.Research limitations: Students’ indifference to solve a questionnaire resulting in a nonrepresentative sample.Originality/practical implications: The research is the starting point for new surveys on reading culture of secondary school students. In Croatia, there is a lack of national representative and comprehensive researches of this kind, so it is assumed that the results of the survey will provide new hypotheses for future researches.
Generally speaking, literature on the Internet draws a comparison between two camps. On the
one hand, we have the cyberenthusiasts. With regard to the ongoing changes in the digital
world, these people throw a confident look on the promises of participatory democracies and the economic models based on sharing. On the other hand, we have the cyberpessimists.
Unlike the cyberenthusiasts, the cyberpessimists ring the alarm bell concerning the attacks to personal freedoms and alienating threats of the digital world for the human thought.
Being part of this second category, Evgeny Morozov decrypts in the documentary
Give us back our data the stakes related to the race for the optimization of daily life through a frantic collection of data
VULNERABILITAȚI
ÎN ASISTENȚA SOCIALA
Today one cannot understand the communication, interaction of people, and their professional development without the use of smartphones, iPads, laptops, etc. New parents are facing personal challenges in using technology. At the same time, they are confused about parenting in the digital age, while children are in their infancy for the development of digital competence. The purpose of this qualitative research is to shed light on how parents of different social backgrounds use technology for themselves and in what ways their children are exposed to technology and given the opportunity to use it themselves. The study sample was 29 Albanian parents, who had children aged 5-6 years. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, which were processed based on thematic analysis as well as labelling and coding techniques. It was noted that the duration of use of Media Technology by children and the purpose of use vary depending on the age, educational level of parents, their professions, how parents themselves use technology, but also the number of children in the family. The findings of this study guide targeted interventions for media technology education for parents, but at the same time can be used by the policymakers and pedagogical staff to find new strategies to be able to use the paradigm of media pedagogy more effectively, in order to improve the experience and the outcomes of digital learning for preschool children.
The present study was an attempt to identify the most prevailing means of digital devices and its impact as digital pollution on family and social interactions. Despite the obvious benefits of digital devices, in recent years researchers have taken more concern about its potential negative effect on human attitude and behavior, which in turn affects our society. A total of 613 usable responses were collected from Bangalore, India of excessive users of digital devices, such as a smartphone, computer/laptop, and television. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 23.0, AMOS 23.0, and SmartPLS 3.0. The results indicated that as the use of smartphone and computer/laptop increases, levels of digital pollution also increase, which in turn significantly triggers unfavorable impact on family and social interactions. The study indicated that digital pollution appears as an important predictor, which significantly affects social interaction unfavorably. The present study explored the various critical dimensions within this domain and delineated gaps in our knowledge of digital pollution. It was found that smartphones are more responsible for digital pollution among all the identified digital devices, followed by computer/laptop.
Awareness of personal safety for elementary school students in rapid information development is now very important. This study aims to increase student’s awareness by improving their knowledge about personal safety consisting of sexual education and security in using the internet, by giving psychoeducation. The subjects in this study 54 students in a Elementary School in South Jakarta which choosen by purposive sampling method. Data obtained from pre and posttest were processed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test indicated that there was a change in awareness, and it can be seen from the improvement of their knowledge (P<.05). Based on this result, a systematic and tiered personal safety education is suggested to be introduced at every level of school.Keywords: Personal safety, sex education, internet use, psychoeducationAbstrak: Kesadaran akan personal safety atau keselamatan diri bagi siswa sekolah dasar di tengah perkembangan informasi yang pesat saat ini menjadi hal yang amat penting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran siswa melalui pemberian pengetahuan melalui psikoedukasi mengenai personal safety yang terdiri dari pendidikan seksual dan keamanan dalam menggunakan internet. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas 5 di salah satu SD swasta di Jakarta Selatan yang berjumlah 54 siswa yang dipilih secara purposive sampling. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa data yang didapatkan dari pretest dan posttest diolah menggunakan Uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test memiliki indikasi bahwa terdapat perubahan kesadaran yang terlihat dari pengetahuan yang berbeda secara signifikan (P<.05). Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, pendidikan personal safety yang sistematis dan berjenjang diharapkan dapat diterapkan pada setiap jenjang sekolah secara sistematis.
Ultimii ani au deschis calea spre o nouă eră în tehnologie care a remodelat viața de zi cu zi, așa cum o cunoaștem, eliminând procesele depășite și dând naștere unor sectoare cu totul noi. Unele dintre conceptele din arealul cercetării în științele educației care au cunoscut o expansiune semnificativă sunt digitizarea, digitalizarea și transformarea digitală. Conceptul de digitizare, reflectă tranziția de la date de tip analogic la format digital, sau pe scurt, începutul erei digitalizării. Cu ani în urmă, și chiar și în prezent, educația în România și procesele educaționale în general, erau analogice. În prezent se constată o creștere exponențială a nevoi de digitalizare a sistemului de învățământ Românesc, care va fi de acum oblicat să trecă prin toate procesele tipice de digitalizare, începând bineînțeles cu digitizarea. Astfel, digitizarea aplicată sistemului educațional, reprezintă procesul de colectare a tuturor informatiilor disponibile si accesibile într-un format digital. Cuvinte cheie: digitizare, digitalizare, transformare digitală 1.1.Nativii digitali Copiii de astăzi cresc într-o era digitală în schimbare rapidă, care este cu mult diferită de cea a părinților și a bunicilor. O varietate de tehnologii se află în jurul nostru în casele, birourile și școlile noastre. Atunci când sunt utilizate cu înțelepciune, tehnologia și media pot sprijini învățarea și relațiile. Experiențe împărtășite plăcute și antrenante care optimizează potențialul de învățare și dezvoltare a copiilor pot susține relațiile copiilor atât cu adulții, cât și cu semenii lor. Datorită unui corp bogat de cercetări, știm multe despre modul în care copiii mici cresc, învață, se joacă și se dezvoltă. Nu a existat niciodată un moment mai important pentru aplicarea principiilor dezvoltării și învățării atunci când se ia în considerare utilizarea tehnologiilor de vârf și a noilor resurse digitale. Atunci când integrarea tehnologiei și a mijloacelor interactive în programele din perioada fragedă se bazează pe fundații solide de dezvoltare, iar profesioniștii din prima copilărie sunt conștienți atât de provocări, cât și de oportunități, educatorii pot îmbunătăți calitatea programului, valorificând intenționat potențialul tehnologiei și mass-media pentru beneficiul fiecărui copil. Media interactivă se referă la materiale digitale și analogice, inclusiv programe software, aplicații media de difuzare și streaming, unele programe de televiziune pentru copii, cărți electronice, Internet și alte forme de conținut concepute pentru a facilita utilizarea activă și creativă de către copii mici și să încurajeze implicarea socială cu alți copii și adulți. Acest suport de curs oferă îndrumări pentru educatorii din prima copilărie cu privire la utilizarea tehnologiei și a mijloacelor de comunicare interactive în moduri care pot optimiza oportunitățile pentru dezvoltarea cognitivă, socială, emoțională, fizică și lingvistică a copiilor mici.
Generasi abad ke-21 merupakan pengguna teknologi lebih banyak daripada generasi masa lalu. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana orang tua di era milenial mendampingi penggunaan gadget pada anak. Responden berjumlah 254 orang tua anak (berusia 2-7 tahun) di Kota Pekanbaru. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey dengan pendekatan statistik deksriptif. Teknik analisis data menyajikan tabel dan grafik. Secara keseluruhan hasil penelitian menunjukkan 40% anak mengamuk jika tidak diberikan gadget. Kondisi ini memperlihatkan ketergantungan anak terhadap gadget yang cukup tinggi. Sedangkan tujuan Ayah/Bunda memberikan gadget pada anak didapatkan persentase sebesar 22% supaya anak lebih pintar, 21% agar anak tidak rewel, sedangkan terbanyak lain-lain sebesar 34%. Tujuan orang tua memberikan gadget pada dasarnya positif, yakni ingin anak mendapatkan manfaat dari teknologi, namun harus dibarengi dengan aturan yang jelas untuk mengurangi dampak negatifnya. Dengan demikian, penting untuk memahami penggunaan teknologi bagi perkembangan otak dan tubuh anak dengan panduan kebijakan penggunaan yang aman dan efektif.
People frequently do not pay full attention to advertising messages
to which they are exposed. While external distraction such
as active avoidance (e.g., multitasking while ads play) or background
noise have been identified as causes, in many situations,
consumers may also be distracted by an internal cause- mind wandering. While external distractions are thought to lead to worse ad
outcomes, this research examines the potential benefits of multiple
tasks (multitasking) in the context of mind wandering and
how they affect memory for ad content. Through a series of three
experiments, we show that even when no external alternative
activity is occurring, memory for ad content may still be negatively impacted by the increased presence of mind wandering. However,
multitasking with a low-level perceptual task can actually increase
memory about ads while decreasing mind wandering.
In recent years, there has been a increase interest meaning of the media in the life of a small children. The reason for this is the constantly decreasing age of media initiation of the youngest and the noticeable, growing role of the media in their lives. Undoubtedly, new information and communication technologies have a significant role in increasing the efficiency of the teaching and learning process, develop key social skills (such as the ability to work in a group, solve problems), but above all they are a great tool to support the child's development. Their conscious use in the educational and educational process allows children to enter the digital future, equipping them with competences, without which it will be difficult to find young people on the labor market soon. In the article, I ask questions about the role of the family environment in early media education of school-aged children. I wonder how important is the active, committed attitude of parents in shaping the media environment of children, their ways of using information and communication technologies against other standard activities, the time they devote to the media and skills in the use of on-screen media.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is becoming prevalent amongst elementary school aged students and can lead to learning disorders. Additionally, informal science education is a field of study that is becoming increasingly popular and important in the world of science, especially with elementary students. Thus, it is important to understand how students with ADHD react to informal learning experiences. We measured learning gains and changes in environmental awareness among 84 fifth grade students that participated in an informal nature hike associated with the Over, Under, and Through: Students’ Informal Discover the Environment program. We also used a case study approach to reveal the hike experiences of two students with ADHD. Both students demonstrated increased attention and interest in science during and after their participation in the nature hike. While this is a small scale, case study, findings from this work and related literature suggest that more informal experiential learning opportunities should be integrated into science classes as they help improve student attention, content recall, and attitude toward science. KEYWORDS: ADHD; Engagement; Environmental Science Education; Informal Science Education; Mobile Technology; Nature Hike
This chapter focuses on the core aspects of the longitudinal study over nearly twelve years: the dynamic development of the children and their media repertoires, on the one hand, and the role of different contexts of socialisation, such as parents, siblings, relatives and friends of the family on the other hand. Very relevant factors here are kindergartens, schools, assisted living communities, peers in general, the children’s friends and, later, apprenticeships—sometimes with residence in hostels—and romantic involvements. In addition, we noted (sports)clubs and, last but not least, the role of politics and society as important. They all affect the children in different ways at various stages of their personal development. Against this background, the chapter sheds light on the variety of ways in which both children and parents incorporate media (“established” as well as “new” media), into their everyday lives.
TIETOYHTEISKUNTA 2004: Sitä saa, mitä tilaa-mutta voisiko teoriasta olla kerran opiksikin? Suomalaisen tietoyhteiskunnan rakentaminen nivoutuu osaksi laajempaa yhteiskuntamuutosta. Haasteet kehitystyölle ovat mittavat, kuten viimeiset vuodet ovat osoittaneet. Yhteiskunnan toimintamallit muuttuvat teknologian mahdollistamia uusia ratkaisuja hitaammin. Käynnissä oleva yhteiskunnallinen murros ei ole ensimmäinen, joten sitä on mielenkiintoista peilata suhteessa yhteiskuntateorioihin. Mitä voimme oppia tietoyhteiskunnan rakentamisesta tutkijoiden ja teoreetikkojen silmälasein? Raportti nostaa mielenkiintoisella tavalla esiin erilaisia näkökulmia tieto-ja viestintäteknologioiden käytöstä ja yhteiskunnallisista vaikutuksista. Raportissa tarkastellaan muun muassa kansalaisosallistumista ja alueellista kehittämistä omina erityiskysymyksinään. Teos on osa laajempaa hanketta, jossa on tavoitteena selvittää suomalaisen tietoyhteiskunnan alueittaista nykytilaa. Hankkeessa korostetaan myös uusien palvelumallien toimivuutta ja saavutettavuutta. Hankkeen taustalla on vuoden 2001 alussa käynnistynyt Sitran rahoittama Oppivat Seutukunnat-tietoyhteiskunnan kehittämisohjelma.
This paper explores various aspects of web search behaviour of students and research scholars of autonomous colleges in Vellore district in terms of access information, experience, location, purpose of web searching, favourite browsers, search technique, satisfaction etc. All these factors contribute to the way in which the students and scholars search the web. The tools used for this study is using questionnaires methods, and the data is studied in terms of percentage analysis.
How does television affect children's reading skill development? The relationship between television behavior and reading achievement is examined within a conceptual framework of television and reading constructs such as media availability and parental media behavior, children's use of print and broadcast media, and measures of their attitudes and orientations toward television and print. The framework is examined for children at three different stages of reading development. Five principal constructs—socioeconomic status, print and television home environment, amount of media use, orientations toward print and television, and involvement with print and television—are used to predict reading achievement in regression analyses performed separately for each grade cohort.
With the rapid diffusion of the VCR into the home media environment, a central question is whether the special features of the VCR lead to transformations in the family, or whether preexisting family relationships and media orientations determine the uses of the VCR and its role in the family. This study, using cross-sectional and longitudinal data from adolescents, suggests that VCRs mainly augment and extend family television patterns and that VCR use may be both a cause and a symptom of family conflicts.
A survey of 2,056 12- to 14-year-olds from 10 southeastern U.S. cities showed that Blacks and girls spent more time with television and radio than Whites and boys did; television use declined with age, whereas radio use increased. Access to cable television and videocassette recorders was not related to frequency of television or radio use. Lack of access to parents, either because the mother was employed or because no father was in the home, generally increased the time that adolescents spent with radio and television.
American children's media environment has changed dramatically in the last several decades. This article reviews these technological advances and their impact. As reported in five other articles in this issue, there have been some changes in the media with which children interact and how they interact with them. However, there is also considerable continuity despite the media changes. Also discussed are issues the other five articles raise about when different technologies are functionally the same for the user and about the relative importance of the technical features and the content of each technology. Finally, policy issues involving newer and older communication media and orientations to the study of children and the media environment are considered.
This study was designed to analyze the relationship of the home learning environment and children's television viewing and leisure reading preferences. From an initial survey of media habits involving 122 fifth‐graders, 59 students were identified as representing either the upper or lower quartiles in the following categories: 1) heavy TV viewing‐heavy reading, 2) light TV viewing‐heavy reading, 3) light TV viewing‐light reading, and 4) heavy TV viewing‐light reading. A 93‐item home environmental questionnaire, designed to measure parent‐child interaction in seven categories, was individually administered to parents. Responses were content‐analyzed using a clustering technique to provide an in‐depth profile of the four media patterns. Results indicated that media‐related behavior was strongly tied to certain characteristic family patterns. Children appeared to internalize media behaviors and attitudes manifested by their parents.
Presents data based on a 1968 field study of 1,300 families in 5 eastern Wisconsin cities. Information was obtained via an interview with 1 parent and 2 questionnaires completed by an adolescent from each family. Although "the modeling correlations based on comparisons within each family . . . are weak and not very supportive of a direct-influence modeling interpretation, it appears that families with similar parent-child communication structures indirectly produce characteristic media use patterns that are shared by parent and adolescent on the average." Implications for future research are briefly suggested. (16 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
The mass media offer many avenues of escape from the pressures of every day life. The study reported here was an attempt to discover whether highly frustrated children seek active fantasy lives by spending more time watching television. The author found that the relationship between frustration and viewing varied with social class.