This paper describes the evolution of a 10.5 kHz sandwich element, developed to suit a cylindrical transducer array. It is essentially a guide to the practical problems encountered in designing sandwich elements, and the equations used are very much simplified. The approach is somewhat empirical, the eventual design being reached after differing prototype elements had been constructed; however,
... [Show full abstract] even with a more exact analysis it is unlikely that the need for prototype elements can be dispensed with. © 1984, The Institution of Electrical Engineers. All rights reserved.