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Wood to concrete connections
Abstract
This is an ongoing study, which focuses on the development of connection models of dowel type connections between wood and concrete. Only preliminary results of experimental testing are presented here. Experimental tests were conducted on three single-shear connection types, two grades of structural composite lumber (SCL) and one grade of Glued Laminated Timber (glulam). Three connector types were investigated; lag screws, steel dowels (rebar), and headed studs. All of the connector types were installed perpendicular to the wood interface in undersized holes. Concrete was cast in-place to form the other side member of the connection. Specimens were tested in a special jig to prevent rotation due to the eccentricity of the applied loads in these single shear connections and both load and displacement data were recorded. The results of the tests will be used in the development of a connection model to predict connection stiffness and strength.
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The benefits of using shear connectors to join wood beams to a concrete slab in a composite floor or deck system are many. Studies throughout the world have demonstrated significantly improved strength, stiffness, and ductility properties from such connection sys- tems as well as citing practical building advantages such as durability, sound insulation, and fire resistance. In this study, one relatively new shear connector system that originated in Germany has been experimentally investigated for use with U.S. manufactured prod- ucts. The connector system consists of a continuous steel mesh of which one half is glued into a southern pine Parallam® Parallel Strand Lumber beam and the other half embedded into a concrete slab to provide minimal interlayer slip. A variety of commercial ep- oxies were tested for shear strength and stiffness in standard shear or "push out" tests. The various epoxies resulted in a variety of shear constitutive behaviors; however, for two glue types, shear failure occurred in the steel connector resulting in relatively high initial stiff- ness and ductility as well as good repeatability. Slip moduli and ultimate strength values are presented and discussed. Full-scale bend- ing tests, using the best performing adhesive as determined from the shear tests, were also conducted. Results indicate consistent, near-full composite action system behavior.