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Microminerals in: Advanced nutrition and human metabolism
... Zinc is a component of alcohol dehyrdogenase, which is important in the conversion of retinol to retinal (required for vision in humans) (Groff et al. 1995). Zinc plays a central role in the immune system, affecting a number of aspects of cellular and Humoral immunity (Shankar et al. 1998), neutrophils, and natural killer cells (Prasad, 2008). ...
... Zinc supports the work of numerous proteins in the body among them are the metalloenzymes, which are involved in a variety of metabolic processes (Hambidge, 1989). Zinc also frees the vitamin folate (so it can move across cell membranes), aids in the manufacture of heme, aids in essential fatty acid metabolism, and helps release vitamin A from its storage place in the liver (Groff et al. 1995). Zinc plays an important role in preventing osteoporosis as it help in normal collagen synthesis and mineralization of bones (Hyun et al. 2004). ...
... Zinc plays an important role in preventing osteoporosis as it help in normal collagen synthesis and mineralization of bones (Hyun et al. 2004). Zinc deficiency cause growth retardation, skeletal abnormalities, defective collagen synthesis and/or cross linking, poor wound healing, nightblindness, impaired immune function, and impaired protein synthesis (Groff et al. 1995). Zinc is involved in the replication of the HIV virus (Cuajungco et al. 1997). ...
... Valine, like other branchedchain amino acids, is associated with insulin resistance; higher levels of valine are observed in the blood of diabetic humans (9-11). Paracetamol (Para) (Fig. 2) is most widely used in the world today and leads the list of the World Health Organization (WHO) as the most important, safe, and effective medicine for the health care system (1,2,(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). It is used as a treatment for headache, toothache, migraine attacks, moderate strength cases of arthritis, as well as to reduce postvaccination fever in children (1,2,(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). ...
... Paracetamol (Para) (Fig. 2) is most widely used in the world today and leads the list of the World Health Organization (WHO) as the most important, safe, and effective medicine for the health care system (1,2,(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). It is used as a treatment for headache, toothache, migraine attacks, moderate strength cases of arthritis, as well as to reduce postvaccination fever in children (1,2,(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). In addition, it is used instead of aspirin, especially in patients with infectious diseases such as gastric ulcers (13,14). ...
... In addition, it is used instead of aspirin, especially in patients with infectious diseases such as gastric ulcers (13,14). Although Para is used to treat inflammatory pain, it is not generally classified as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) because it exhibits only weak anti-inflammatory activity (1,2,(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22). Singh and coworkers studied the interaction of transition metal ions with N-benzoyl-Val, N-benzoyl, glycol-Val, and isovaleric acid (23). ...
The protonation constants of the free ligands and the stability constants of binary and ternary complexes of bivalent metal ions of Ni(II) and Cu(II) with a biologically important amino acid of L-valine, Val, and paracetamol, Para, were studied potentiometrically in aqueous solutions at 313.15 ± 0.1 K and a fixed ionic strength of I = 0.10 M NaCl. The complexation model for each system was established using the Irving-Rossotti equation. The formation of the 1:2 or 1:1 binary complexes and 1:1:1 ternary complexes in which the amino acid Val was used as the primary ligand and Para as the secondary ligand, as inferred from the corresponding potentiometric pH-metric titration curves, and their relative stabilities compared to the corresponding ML and ML2 binary complexes are expressed in terms of statistical parameters ∆logK, logK1 and logK2. The complex stability was found to follow the order of Cu(II) > Ni(II). Through these diagnostic studies, it was possible to give the general formula of compounds prepared from amino acids and paracetamol. Amino acid binds to the central ion through oxygen in the hydroxyl group and nitrogen atom in the amine group (-NH2), whereas paracetamol forms a unipolar bond by binding to the concentrated ion through the oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group. Most of the nickel complexes had octahedral symmetry with valine and paracetamol ligands, while the copper complexes had square or hierarchical to square base symmetry. Cite this: Al-Abbasi A, Belkher NA, Ahmida K, Zidan M. Potentiometric Studies on Binary and Ternary Complexes of Ni(II) and Cu(II) Ions with L-Valine and Paracetamol. JOTCSA. 2023;10(2):325-338
... The calcium content in all the genotypes was higher than values reported by U.S. Department of Agriculture [14] and Jonnala et al. [26]. Therefore, they can serve as a good source for a number of functions such as neurotransmission, cell growth, and blood clotting [27]. Magnesium content was higher than those reported by Anderson et al. [25] but lower than the range of 320-456 mg/100 g reported by Asibuo et al. [9]. ...
... Higher concentrations of phosphorus were recorded for both the breeding lines and the varieties. This substantial amount can help play a significant role in the regulation of body fluid pH and the development of the bone [27]. In human physiology, sodium is the main positively charged ion that regulates blood cell volume and fluid balance; therefore, sodium levels affect the active transport of other nutrients and metabolites to organs throughout the body [27]. ...
... This substantial amount can help play a significant role in the regulation of body fluid pH and the development of the bone [27]. In human physiology, sodium is the main positively charged ion that regulates blood cell volume and fluid balance; therefore, sodium levels affect the active transport of other nutrients and metabolites to organs throughout the body [27]. Excessive sodium intake promotes hypertension and is a major health concern throughout the world [7,29]. ...
Proximate and mineral composition are noted to be important parameters that determines the nutritional quality of groundnut products. However, low genetic variability has been a major bottleneck in genetic enhancement of these characters in breeding varieties. Hence this study was conducted to determine the level of genetic diversity of the proximate and mineral composition in advance breeding lines and varieties of groundnut. The trial consisted of 12 advance breeding lines and 7 varieties which were evaluated in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in three (3) replications at CSIR-Crop Research Institute, Fumesua, Ghana. The results showed significant genotypic effect recorded for all the traits except oil, moisture, ash and protein. The mean values recorded among the genotype were oil 47.9%, protein 21.06%, carbohydrate 19.47%, fibre 4.22%, moisture 4.79%, ash 2.8%. Whiles mineral concentration analysis revealed that the mean estimates for the genotypes were potassium (K) 1190.37(mg/100g), phosphorus (P) 280.77 (mg/100g), calcium (Ca) 222.92 (mg/100g), magnesium (Mg) 202.00 (mg/100g), iron (Fe) 1.97 (mg/100g), zinc (Zn) 2.11 (mg/100g), sodium (Na) 12.63 (mg/100g). Breeding lines Adepa × Numex 01, Yenyawoso × Numex 02, Yenyawoso × Numex 01 and Adepa Numex 02 showed more promising for protein, fat, potassium and iron. Hence, they can be utilized for selection for breeding purposes. Nonetheless, high heritability accompanied by high genetic advance as percent of mean for zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe), indicated that the heritability of these traits is due to additive gene effect and selection for such traits may be effective and rewarding.
... Valine, like other branchedchain amino acids, is associated with insulin resistance; higher levels of valine are observed in the blood of diabetic humans (9-11). Paracetamol (Para) (Fig. 2) is most widely used in the world today and leads the list of the World Health Organization (WHO) as the most important, safe, and effective medicine for the health care system (1,2,(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). It is used as a treatment for headache, toothache, migraine attacks, moderate strength cases of arthritis, as well as to reduce postvaccination fever in children (1,2,(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). ...
... Paracetamol (Para) (Fig. 2) is most widely used in the world today and leads the list of the World Health Organization (WHO) as the most important, safe, and effective medicine for the health care system (1,2,(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). It is used as a treatment for headache, toothache, migraine attacks, moderate strength cases of arthritis, as well as to reduce postvaccination fever in children (1,2,(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). In addition, it is used instead of aspirin, especially in patients with infectious diseases such as gastric ulcers (13,14). ...
... In addition, it is used instead of aspirin, especially in patients with infectious diseases such as gastric ulcers (13,14). Although Para is used to treat inflammatory pain, it is not generally classified as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) because it exhibits only weak anti-inflammatory activity (1,2,(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22). Singh and coworkers studied the interaction of transition metal ions with N-benzoyl-Val, N-benzoyl, glycol-Val, and isovaleric acid (23). ...
The protonation constants of the free ligands and the stability constants of binary and ternary complexes of bivalent metal ions of Ni(II) and Cu(II) with a biologically important amino acid of L-valine, Val, and paracetamol, Para, were studied potentiometrically in aqueous solutions at 313.15 ± 0.1 K and a fixed ionic strength of I = 0.10 M NaCl. The complexation model for each system was established using the Irving-Rossotti equation. The formation of the 1:2 or 1:1 binary complexes and 1:1:1 ternary complexes in which the amino acid Val was used as the primary ligand and Para as the secondary ligand, as inferred from the corresponding potentiometric pH-metric titration curves, and their relative stabilities compared to the corresponding ML and ML2 binary complexes are expressed in terms of statistical parameters ∆logK, logK1 and logK2. The complex stability was found to follow the order of Cu(II) > Ni(II). Through these diagnostic studies, it was possible to give the general formula of compounds prepared from amino acids and paracetamol. Amino acid binds to the central ion through oxygen in the hydroxyl group and nitrogen atom in the amine group (-NH2), whereas paracetamol forms a unipolar bond by binding to the concentrated ion through the oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group. Most of the nickel complexes had octahedral symmetry with valine and paracetamol ligands, while the copper complexes had square or hierarchical to square base symmetry.
... This in turn plays an important known as PC, GPCho or lecithin), role in the structure and function of cell membranes Most phosphatidylethanolamine (PE or GPEtn) and naturally occurring fatty acids are of the cis configuration, phosphatidylserine (PS or GPSer). In addition to serving although the trans form does exist in some natural and as a primary component of cellular membranes and partially hydrogenated fats and oils [6][7][8]. ...
... The drug release of drug was controlled for more than 8 hours. 6 Propafenone hydrochloride Bees wax Prepared and evaluated bees wax microspheres loaded with propafenone 37 hydrochloride. It was entrapped into gastro resistant, biodegradable such as bees wax. ...
... This microsphere can be used parentrally administered and it was used for intravenous injection. 6 US3822138 It has been discovered that hollow carbon microsphere. Main object was invention to provide a 43 wax investment composition having a high melting point, ability form a stable suspension while wax melted. ...
Lipid is a water insoluble biomolecule. It is soluble in nonpolar organic solvent. These are made up of fatty acids. Lipids are group of natural molecules such as vitamins etc. Fatty acids are the part of lipid and fatty acid are synthesized by chain elongation acetylacetyl-CoA primer with malonyl-CoA or methylmalonyl-CoA groups in a process called fatty acid synthesis. Glycerolipids are composed of mono-, di-and tri-substituted glycerols. Glycerophospholipids involved in metabolism and cell signaling. Sphingolipids base backbone that is synthesized de novo from the amino acid serine and a long-chain fatty acyl CoA. Polyketides are synthesized by polymerization of acetyl and propionyl subunits by classic enzymes as well as iterative and multimodular enzymes that share mechanistic features with the fatty acid synthesis. This paper deals with study about the role of different lipid material and their used in pharmaceutical formulations. Manuscript also emphasize on recent patents based on lipid material based pharmaceutical preparations.
... Within the hepatocytes, copper is bound to metallothionein, superoxide dismutase and other binding proteins (Luza and Speisky, 1996). Copper is secreted from liver into blood and predominantly bound to ceruloplasmin or complexed with low molecular weight compounds (Groff et al., 1995;Harris, 2001). In the bloodstream, copper is bound to albumin (not specific binding), ceruloplasmin or transcuprein (specific binding) (Puig and Thiele, 2002;Zakim and Boyer, 2002). ...
... tocopherol treatment (VIII and IX groups) decreased the Fe levels towards values in control groups and this might be due activation of ferroxidase I (ceruloplasmin) by copper which is necessary for iron absorption and mobilization from storage in liver (Linder, 1996;Turnlund, 1999;EC SCF, 2003). Oxidation of iron by ceruloplasmin is necessary for iron to be bound to its transport proteintransferrin, so iron deficiency anemias may be a symptom of copper deficiency (Groff et al., 1995;Araya et al., 2006). Whittaker (1998) reported that large supplemental iron decreases zinc absorption. ...
... Because zinc can compete with copper in small intestine and interferes with its absorption (Harris, 2001). Groff et al. (1995) reported that high levels of zinc in diet may increase the risk of copper deficiency. Zinc is used to reduce copper toxicity and copper-associated hepatopathies. ...
Present study was designed to examine the effects of alpha-tocopherol on the levels of Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) in liver of copper and/or flubendiamide exposed (90 days oral) Wistar rats. Fifty four male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into nine groups containing six animals in each: groups I (deionized water), II (corn oil) and III (-tocopherol @ 100 mg/kg) served as negative controls while the remaining six groups, namely-IV (copper sulphate-@ 33 mg/kg), V (flubendiamide-@ 200 mg/kg), VI (flubendiamide-@ 200 mg/kg + copper sulphate- @ 33 mg/kg), VII (copper sulphate-@ 33 mg/kg + -tocopherol-@ 100 mg/kg), VIII (flubendiamide-@ 200 mg/kg + tocopherol-@ 100 mg/kg) and IX (flubendiamide-@ 200 mg/kg + copper sulphate-@ 33 mg/kg + -tocopherol-@ 100 mg/kg) were treatment groups. Animals were humanly sacrified on 91st day. Cu, Fe Zn, and Mn were estimated in liver by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Copper and iron levels were markedly higher in copper, flubendiamide alone and combined exposed groups while manganese level was low in the xenobiotics exposed groups. No significant alteration was observed in level of zinc in any of the xenobiotics exposed as well as xenobiotics + -tocopherol treatment groups. -tocopherol-treatment improve the values of copper, iron , zinc and manganese towards the levels of control groups indicates antioxidant potential of -tocopherol.
... Meningkatnya penambahan karagenan menyebabkan kadar air beras analog juga meningkat. Hal ini disebabkan karagenan merupakan senyawa hidrokoloid, yang memiliki gugus hidroksil yang mampu membentuk ikatan hidroksil dan membentuk ikatan hidrogen dengan air sehingga meningkatkan kadar air beras analog, seperti yang dilaporkan oleh Groff et al. (1999), bahwa karagenan merupakan senyawa hidrokoloid yang memiliki kemampuan mengikat air (hidrofilik), sedangkan Fauziah (2015) menambahkan bahwa karagenan bersifat mudah mengikat air karena adanya gugus sulfat bermuatan negatif di sepanjang rantai polimernya. ...
... Semakin meningkatnya penambahan karagenan maka volume pengembangan semakin meningkat, karena karagenan merupakan senyawa hidrokoloid yang memiliki sifat mengikat air dan mampu memerangkap air dalam strukturnya. Groff et al. (1999) menambahkan bahwa karagenan merupakan senyawa hidrokoloid yang memiliki kemampuan mengikat air (hidrofilik). Menurut Samsuari (2006), karagenan mampu membentuk struktur double helix yang menyebabkan proses pembentukan gel, sehingga mampu memerangkap air yang dapat menyebabkan meningkatnya volume pengembangan. ...
p> Analog rice is an alternative food to replace rice using sago, sorghum, or even corn with carbohydrate content near or exceeds the rice and the shape. Analog rice made from mocaf flour has a lower protein content than milled rice, so it is necessary to add soy flour which has 35.00% of protein content, sago flour which has 21.38% of amylose content, and Moringa leaves flour which has an antioxidant activity of 32.96%. Carrageenan is also added to the mixture as a binder. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the proportions of composite flour (mocaf: sago: soybean: moringa leaves) with the addition of carrageenan on the characteristics of analog rice. Completely randomized factorial design was used in this study with the first factor proportion of mocaf: sago: soybean: moringa leaves flour such as A (70: 10: 20: 3.5gr), B (60: 20: 20: 3.5 gr), and C (50: 30: 20: 3.5gr) with the second factor the addition of carrageenan (2, 3 and 4%). The data were analyzed using Minitab V.17, with 5% DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test). The best results for analog rice were obtained from proportion A (70: 10: 20: 3.5 gr) with the addition of 3% carrageenan with characteristics 3.22% of moisture, 2.83% of ash, 145.33% of rehydration power, 106.25% of swelling volume and 12.5% of antioxidant activity, with organoleptic score 3.10 of taste, 3.55 of colour; 3.38 of flavor; and 3.10 of texture. </p
... Poor vitamin D status, as indicated by low 25(OH)D concentrations, can result in calcium imbalance and secondary hyperparathyroidism, both of which may have a negative impact on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) [16]. In addition, vitamin D also affects muscle function and mobility, thus enhancing the effects of rehabilitation therapy [17]. ...
... Vitamin D plays an important role in maintaining bone density and muscle strength, which in turn helps improving mobility. It is of importance that children with CP maintain adequate vitamin D levels which might prevent further deformities, mobility difficulties, and cachexia [17,25]. Enhancing the 25(OH)D levels with the proposed easily tolerable intervention will help them to maintain adequate vitamin D levels. ...
Children with cerebral palsy (CP) are at risk of poor nutrition due to a number of factors. Feeding, eating, drinking, and swallowing (FEDS) problems are common in these children and may result in protein-calorie malnutrition usually accompanied by micronutrient deficiencies. Vitamin D is among the elements whose uptake is obstructed. Insufficient exposure to solar radiation in children and adolescents with CP adds to further decreasing serum vitamin D levels thus potentially affecting growth, bone density, and muscle function. Since maintaining long-term adherence to daily oral administration of vitamin D in this population is often difficult, bolus therapy by using vitamin D-fortified products could be an alternative way of effective and safe vitamin D intake.
Purpose:
Assessing the efficacy of administration of bolus vitamin D in fortified juice for increasing 25(OH)D levels in a group of 15 children with CP.
Results:
The juice was well tolerated, and a significant increase in 25(OH)D levels was observed from 54.1 to 110.3 nmol/L (p < 0.0001) 4 weeks after the administration without any case of hypercalcemia.
Conclusion:
Bolus therapy with vitamin D3-fortified juice is well tolerated and effectively increases 25(OH)D levels in children with CP.
... Konsumsi buah dan sayur tidak lepas dari kontribusi karbohidrat kompleks dalam hal ini selulosa dan pati berasal dari makanan seperti serealia, biji-bijian, kentang dan buah-buahan. 19 Selulosa sebagai salah satu jenis karbohidrat kompleks memiliki fungsi sebagai bulking agent. Bulking agent berperan dalam proses pencernaan terutama di usus besar dalam pembentukan feses serta memperlancar proses defekasi sisa hasil pencernaan. ...
... Bulking agent berperan dalam proses pencernaan terutama di usus besar dalam pembentukan feses serta memperlancar proses defekasi sisa hasil pencernaan. 19 Pada penelitian ini, makanan jajanan tidak mendeskripsikan produknya secara rinci mengenai kandungan karbohidrat kompleks. Hal ini menyebabkan peneliti tidak bisa menganalisa lebih lanjut mengenai karbohidrat kompleks dalam makanan dan minuman kemasan (jajanan). ...
Latar Belakang: Peningkatan prevalensi obesitas pada anak dapat terjadi karena aktifitas fisik yang rendah serta asupan makan yang tidak seimbang. Kebiasaan menonton televisi, bermain laptop, handphone ataupun game console yang lazim disebut screen-time viewing, dikaitkan dengan kenaikan prevalensi obesitas anak saat ini. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membandingkan jumlah asupan makanan (energi, lemak, serat dan natrium) berdasarkan kategori screen-time viewing pada anak obesitas usia 9-12 tahun. *)Penulis PenanggungjawabMetode: Sebanyak 80 anak berusia 9-12 tahun berpartisipasi dalam penelitian cross-sectional dengan menyetujui informed consent yang telah disediakan. Penentuan status obesitas ditentukan berdasarkan standar deviasi (SD) indeks massa tubuh terhadap umur. Data asupan energi, lemak, serat dan natrium diperoleh dari hasil wawancara menggunakan kuisioner screen-time viewing tiap hari dengan ketentuan kategori Low Screen-time Viewing (LSTV < 21 jam/minggu) dan High Screen-time Viewing (HSTV ≥ 21 jam/minggu). Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan jumlah asupan energi dan lemak berdasarkan kategori screen-time viewing pada anak obesitas usia 9-12 tahun. Jumlah asupan energi kategori screen-time viewing LSTV dan HSTV secara berturut-turut adalah 288,42±74,29 kkal dan 358,70±88,03 kkal, sedangkan jumlah asupan lemak untuk kategori LSTV dan HSTV masing-masing 10,29±4,73gr dan 15,08±10,79gr. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara jumlah asupan serat dan natrium berdasarkan kelompok LSTV dan HSTV pada anak obesitas usia 9-12 tahun.Simpulan: Jumlah asupan energi dan lemak kelompok LSTV lebih rendah dibandingkan jumlah asupan energi dan lemak kelompok pada anak obesitas usia 9-12 tahun.
... Nwachukwu [54] has also reported a higher value of phytate in J. tanjorensis. Phytates have been linked to the elimination of phosphorus and the production of indigestion and flatulence in humans [55]. An insoluble salt is formed when oxalate is present in food, which both irritates the tongue and prevents the body from absorbing divalent metallic cations like calcium and iron [56]. ...
The study analyzed phytochemical and nutritional compositions of ethanol-water leaf extracts of Justicia secunda and Jatropha tanjorensis using standard methods. In both plants significant amounts of alkaloids, tannin and flavonoids were seen. J. tanjorensis had higher amount of saponin and cardiac glycoside. The quantitative phytochemical and anti-nutrient evaluation revealed J.tanjorensis had higher amount of phytochemicals including sapogenin, anthocyanin and anti-nutrient factors such as tannin, phytate and oxalate. The proximate analysis yielded carbohydrate as being most abundant in both plants with J.tanjorensis having higher (62.22 ±0.14%) against (61.52±0.12 %) seen in J.secunda. Fibre composition of both plants was low with 4.62±0.04% in J.secunda and 5.22±0.05% in J.tanjorensis. The most prevalent mineral element in J.secunda was magnesium (9.39±0.10mg/kg dry weight) while potassium (8.58±0.10mg/kg dry weight) was most prevalent in J.tanjorensis. Manganese was the least abundant in both plants. Eighteen different amino acids were found. His (4.76 ±0.08 µg/g) was the most abundant essential amino acid (EAA) in J.secunda, while Phe (5.78 0.04 µg/g) was the most abundant EAA in J.tanjorensis. Gly (4.85±0.03µg/g) and Pro (4.78±0.04 µg/g) was the most prevalent NEAAs in J.secunda and J.tanjorensis, respectively. The finding validates the richness of both plants in essential phytochemicals and other beneficial plant-based nutrients, and explains their traditional use in forkloric medicine practice.
... hal tersebut berpengaruh baik pada konsentasi kalsium dalam tubuh.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan status gizi (IMT)kontrasepsi dengan konsentrasi kalsium. MenurutGroff and Gropper (2000) Bentuk badan semakin kurus dan kecil tubuh seseorang maka makin berisiko mengalami keropos tulang. Pendapat ini juga didukung oleh Shroff and Pai bahwa berat badan kurang merupakan salah satu faktor risiko keropos tulang pada penelitian ini meskipun jumlah respunden yang memiliki konsentrasi kalsium tidak normal pada karakteristik IMT normal ada faktor lain yang JLB mempengaruhi konsentrasi kalsium dalam responden tersebut. ...
Contraception injection is used by different age groups, both 3 months (progestin-only)as well as 1 month (combination). The research aimed to investigate the differences in the calcium concentration between the acceptors of the depomedroxion progesterone acetate injection and the acceptors of the combination injection in a woman with perimenopause. The research used the cross-sectional method, and the samples comprise 32 women who were chosen using the accidental sampling technique. The data were analyzed statistically using the chi-square method. The research results indicate that the majority of respondents aged between 40-45 years, multiparity, have long used contraception > 24 months, Nutritional status (BMI) normal. The Research result indicates that there is a relationship between long use depomedroxion progesterone acetate injection contraception and the calcium concentration (r=0.006). The Research result indicated that there was a difference in the calcium concentration between the acceptors of the injection of acetate progesterone depomedroxion and the acceptors of the combination Injection in women with perimenopause (r=0.006). It suggested routine inspection of calcium concentration a minimum of 2 years.
... Copper is another essential element constituent of several enzymes such as cytochrome oxidase, superoxide dismutase, lysyl oxidase, which plays a crucial role in energy production, convert superoxide to oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, synthesis of collagen and elastin (Araya et al., 2006;Groff et al., 1995;Lippard and Berg, 1994) respectively. It is also important in the production of hemoglobin, melanin, myelin, thyroxine (Araya et al., 2006;Harris, 2001) and promotes free radical damage to the tissues when it acts as a prooxidant (Christen, 2000). ...
... The consequences of lack of vitamin B 12 and folic acid on embryological development and mother's health are of severe nature and therefore require nutritional supplements with prenatal diagnosis for genetic and neural tube disorders (Pacheco et al. 2009). Both these vitamins help in maintaining blood homocysteine level, therefore lower the risk of cardiovascular, cancer, and other age-induced chronic disease like dementia (Groff et al. 1995;Iyer and Tomar 2009;Russell 2012). Vitamin B 1 mainly acts as coenzyme for metabolic reactions, which involve transfer of activated aldehyde groups, and decarboxylation of α-keto acids. ...
Vitamins are very essential micronutrients mandatory for normal growth, development, and physiological functioning of human body. Continuous intake of vitamins through dietary supply is required because most of them are not synthesized in human body except vitamins D and K. Each vitamin has specific role to play in human physiology and their deficiency may lead to many health problems of mild or, severe nature. At present, vitamin deficiency mainly results as a consequence of food preferences, drug use, chronic alcoholism, and poverty, among other causes. There are multiple ways by which vitamin deficiencies can be detected, but none of the methods are exclusively unambiguous. Also, the appearance of clinical signs and symptoms often has multiple causes and therefore cannot be directly corelated with the vitamin deficiency without proper verification of biochemical and functional status indices. These indices are explicit for few vitamins and semispecific for others, which are directly associated with tissue malfunctioning and thus to pathology. The qualitative detection and quantification of vitamins in various metabolic products of vitamin-dependent metabolic pathways and different accessible body fluids and cells such as urine, serum, plasma, red blood cells, etc., have been exploited. However, there are pragmatic difficulties associated with performing and result interpreting in many of these assays. Moreover, some of these assays are limited to only couple of laboratories worldwide. Therefore, simpler and more portable point-of-care (POC) biosensors are very much needed for routine examination of vitamin deficiencies in medical laboratories. In this chapter, we discussed about new developments in point-of-care (POC) nanobiosensors of different kinds for detecting vitamins B-complex, C, D, E, A in detail.
... The consequences of lack of vitamin B 12 and folic acid on embryological development and mother's health are of severe nature and therefore require nutritional supplements with prenatal diagnosis for genetic and neural tube disorders (Pacheco et al. 2009). Both these vitamins help in maintaining blood homocysteine level, therefore lower the risk of cardiovascular, cancer, and other age-induced chronic disease like dementia (Groff et al. 1995;Iyer and Tomar 2009;Russell 2012). Vitamin B 1 mainly acts as coenzyme for metabolic reactions, which involve transfer of activated aldehyde groups, and decarboxylation of α-keto acids. ...
As the world fights the COVID-19 pandemic, point-of-care detection and diagnostic systems have gained immense importance. Microfluidics has revolutionized the domain of point-of-care (PoC) devices meant for the on-site detection of diseases. Microfluidic platforms provide an integrated, miniaturized, and cost-effective analytical alternative to conventional point-of-care devices with a massive potential for commercialization. These platforms also offer the additional advantage of low sample volume and lesser time for detection. The amalgamation of nanobiotechnology with microfluidics has given rise to highly selective and sensitive stand-alone devices that detect early disease onset and progression biomarkers. Early detection helps to decide the therapeutic strategy for the patient in as little time as possible. These devices are compact, portable, and convenient, hence ideal for PoC applications. The incorporation of nanoscale sensing elements, including nanoprobes, graphene, and magnetic and noble metal nanoparticles (Gold, Silver, and Platinum), further enhances the sensitivity of nanobiosensor-based immunoassays. The future of medical diagnostics heavily relies on these novel sensing platforms, thus helping in proper planning and management of the treatment of any disease. In this chapter, to better understand, we illustrate the fabrication, characterization, and applications of these intelligent point-of-care biosensing platforms. A brief account of challenges and future scope associated with applying such point-of-care nanobiosensors has also been discussed.
... Niacin performs important metabolic roles in living cells as a precursor of NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH [17]. As such, over 200 enzymes use niacin in the coenzyme form in plant and animal cells for reactions involving electron transfer, energy production and degradation of carbohydrates, proteins, fats and alcohol [18]. Thiamine, Riboflavin and Niacin act individual as a co-enzymes for oxidation-reduction reaction in the body. ...
Thiamine, riboflavin and niacin are essential nutrients and play vital role in oxidation-reduction reaction during energy production in the living cell of the body. Requirement of these vitamins must be met through diet as human body cannot synthesize thiamine and riboflavin. Small amount of niacin is synthesized in the body but major requirement must be met through external diet. Jute leaves are rich in different vitamins and minerals. Different varieties of fresh jute leaves as well as preserved leaves of Corchorus olitorius. L. and Corchorus capsularis L. were evaluated for thiamine, riboflavin and niacin content. Powder jute leaf were prepared through drying of leaves in cold (4 ̊C), oven (100 ̊C) and open air (±30 ̊C) and then ground following preservation at -20 ̊C in freezer. Thiamine content in fresh leaves of C. olitorius is 3.22 – 5.84 mg/g and in C. capsularis is 4.26 – 6.46 mg/g. Jute leaves in both species show riboflavin content 1.00 – 1.35 mg/g. Niacin was found in leaves of C. olitorius 12.01 – 19.12 mg/g and in C. capsularis 12.95 – 23.17 mg/g in different varieties. Preserved leaf powder of C. olitorius and C. capsularis contain 0.37 – 0.58 mg/g thiamine. High amount of riboflavin was found in jute leaf powder of both species. Preserved leaf powder of C. olitorius shows 4.24 – 13.42 mg/g riboflavin and C. capsularis have 9.14 to 19.59 mg/g. Niacin content was found stable in preserved jute leaf powder. Preserved powder leaf of C. olitorius contain 8.4 - 14.8 mg/g niacin and leaves of C. capsularis have 5.8– 8.3 mg/g of niacin. There is no significant difference observed in leaves of different varieties of C. olitorius and C. capsularis regarding thiamine, riboflavin and niacin content. Drying showed different effect on vitamins in jute leaves, it reduced thiamine content, increased riboflavin content but did not affect much on niacin content in jute leaves in comparison to the fresh leaves. Different drying method did not show significant difference in thiamine, riboflavin and niacin content in jute leaves. Fresh jute leaves and preserved jute leaf powder both contain thiamine, riboflavin and niacin.
... Serumda yüksek oranda proenflamatuar ajanlar olarak bilinen plazma tromboksan B2 (TXB2) ve lökotrien B4 (LTB4) markırlarının bulunması kardiyovasküler hastalılarının oluşmasına sebep olabilmektedir (63,64 ...
İnsanları fiziksel, sosyal ve psikolojik olarak etkileyen birçok hastalıkların başında gelen kanser, dünyada sık belirlenen ölüm nedenlerinden birisi haline gelmiştir. Bu açıdan bakıldığında, sebze, meyve, zeytinyağı gibi tüketimin daha fazla olduğu akdeniz diyeti önem taşımaktadır. Çeşitli triaçilgliseroleri içeren, az miktarda serbest yağ asidi ihtiva eden ve antioksidan, antikanserojen, anti-enflamatuar, antimikrobiyal, antiviral gibi pek çok farmakolojik etkilere sahip olan oleuropein başta kanser olmak üzere pek çok hastalıktan korunmak için önemli bir fenolik bileşiktir. Bu derlemede, oleuropeinin terapötikpekçok etkilerine ilişkin mevcut güncel çalışmaları analiz etmek amaçlanmıştır.
... As a group, these electrolytes are involved in countless activities that are essential for life, including energy production, nerve transmission, muscle contractions, pH balance, fluid balance, and more. The human body, which is a remarkable self-regulating organism, has a number of mechanisms in place to maintain a proper electrolyte balance [51]. Therefore, minerals which act as electrolytes must be included in the daily diet. ...
Sri Lanka has been identified as one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots with a rich array of fruits; however, most of them remain underutilized. The present study was carried out to investigate the nutritional composition and to assess the bioactivity of six underutilized fruits collected from three provinces of Sri Lanka. The selected fruit species were Màdan (Syzygium cumini), Maha Karamba (Carissa carandas), Himbutu (Salacia chinensis), Ugurassa (Flacourtia indica), Barbados cherry (Malpighia emarginata), and Ceylon gooseberry (Dovyalis hebecarpa). The proximate composition, total dietary fiber content, mineral content, total phenolic content, and vanillin contents were determined using standard methods. The antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts of fruits was assessed using FRAP and DPPH assays. Uguressa extract exhibited the highest dietary fiber content (12.25 ± 0.29 of fresh fruit weight) while the lowest was observed in Barbados cherry (6.01 ± 1.10 g/100 g). The total phenolic content (TPC) of fruits ranged from 6.8 ± 0.4 to 10.3 ± 0.3 milligram gallic acid equivalents/g fruit. Barbados cherry showed the highest antioxidant activity (AOA) as measured by FRAP (0.022 ± 0.003 mM Fe ²⁺/g fruit) and the highest vanillin content (2.4 mg/kg). The highest potassium (434.60 ± 0.36 mg/kg), phosphorous (16.69 ± 0.46), and calcium contents (23.43 ± 0.45) were observed in Uguressa. Màdan had the highest content of magnesium (13.25 ± 0.38 mg/kg), sodium (5.28 ± 0.30), iron (0.65 ± 0.12 mg/kg), and aluminum (1.15 ± 0.16 mg/kg). The highest manganese content (0.98 ± 0.18 mg/kg) was observed in Himbutu while the highest copper content was found in Uguressa (0.11 ± 0.04 mg/kg) and Maha Karamba (0.11 ± 0.03 mg/kg). The study reveals that six underutilized fruits tested possess high nutritional value and are rich in antioxidant activity.
... The given chromium can affect the performance of rumen microbes so that metabolism will be directed to increase the supply of energy for production. Selenium in its physiological form in the form of glutathione (GSH-Px) plays a role in protecting cell and subcellular membranes from oxidative damage through the reduction of carcinogenic compounds into compounds that are safe for cells, including the secretory cells of the mammary glands that play a role in producing milk [11]. Zinc is an activator of several enzymes related to carbohydrate metabolism, degradation, and protein synthesis. ...
... Copper is one of the relatively small groups of metallic elements which are essential to human health (Araya et al. 2006). These elements, along with amino and fatty acids as well as vitamins, are required for normal metabolic processes (Harris, 2001;Groff et al., 1995;Bonham et al., 2002). On the other hand metronidazole is a common medicine used by human being (Tally et al., 1972;Tally et al., 1975). ...
The redox studies of biologically active compounds are gaining importance for various purposes. Such redox phenomena are close to the natural redox processes occurring in human and other living organisms. This study involves the investigation of redox behavior of Cu 2+ ion and its electrochemical nature when interacts with pharmaceutical drugs like metronidazole. This research carried out by very sophisticated and popular cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometric (CA) and chronocoulometric (CC) techniques. The change of electrochemical properties, reversibility and adsorption properties with the variation of pH also observed.
... They have several functions, including: a) cofactors in enzymatic reactions, b) involvement in nonenzymatic physiological processes such as hematopoiesis, c) antioxidant or immune modulators, and d) essential factors in cell proliferation and differentiation. 14 Moreover, it has been reported that children with CP have lower levels of folate, iron, copper, magnesium, zinc, selenium, and riboflavin than controls. 12,15,16 The main objective of the multicenter Micro-N study was to evaluate the levels of micronutrients and obtain information on the current nutritional status, management, and characteristics of children with CP. ...
Background
Many studies evaluating the nutritional status of children with CP have focused on energy requirements and protein intake. The present work aimed to assess nutritional status and micronutrient levels of children with cerebral palsy.
Methods
This multicenter, cross-sectional and observational study was conducted in ten different cities of Turkey. Data were available for 398 participants. Anthropometric measurements, feeding mode, nutritional status and micronutrient levels were evaluated.
Results
The study was conducted with 398 participants (303 patients and 95 healthy controls). The statistical analysis showed that according to the Gomez classification, weight-for-age (WFA) revealed malnutrition in 92.6% of children with cerebral palsy based on CDC percentiles. Measurements of micronutrient levels showed that zinc levels were low in patients, whereas vitamin A levels were low in controls. Phosphorous and manganese levels were significantly lower in malnourished children than in normal children. The results revealed that children consuming enteral nutrition solution had higher selenium and lower zinc levels than nonconsumers.
Conclusions
Malnutrition is not only a protein- or calorie-based problem; micronutrient deficiencies might cause severe health problems. Children with chronic neurological disabilities must be carefully evaluated for these issues. Therefore, nutritional interventions should be adapted to nutrition.
... Digestion by salivary amylase is short, due to the decrease of pH in the stomach as feed is ingested. Most of the starch digestion takes place in the small intestine, where the starch molecule is hydrolyzed into maltose, maltotriose, and isomaltose subunits by pancreatic αamylase and isomaltase enzymes (Groff and Gropper, 2000). The digestion of starch is an efficient process, with approximately 95% of starch digestion occurring in the small intestine (Rojas and Stein, 2016). ...
Enogen Feed corn is a variety developed by Syngenta Seeds (Downers Grove, IL) that has been genetically modified to contain an α-amylase enzyme trait (SYT-EFC). Originally, Enogen feed corn was developed for the ethanol industry due to its reduction in viscosity of the corn mash, thus eliminating the need to add a liquid form of the α-amylase enzyme. However, there is potential application for Enogen Feed corn to be used in livestock diets due to the increase in α-amylase enzyme potential to increase starch digestibility. A more common method of increasing starch digestibility in corn is to finely grind it to reduce particle size. This increases the surface area and allows for greater interaction with digestive enzymes. We hypothesized that pigs fed Enogen feed corn potentially could achieve similar gain:feed ratio (G:F) at larger particle sizes than conventional corn because of the differences in starch digestibility. In Exp. 1, a total of 360 pigs (DNA 200 × 400, Columbus, NE; initially 6.6 ± 0.1 kg BW) were used with 5 pigs per pen and 12 pens per treatment. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial with main effects of corn source (Enogen Feed corn or conventional yellow dent corn) and ground corn particle size (300, 600, or 900 µm). Overall, there was a corn source × particle size interaction (linear, P = 0.027) for G:F. There was no effect due to particle size when pigs were fed conventional yellow dent corn, but in pigs fed Enogen Feed corn, G:F increased with decreasing particle size. Neither corn source nor particle size affected (P > 0.05) overall average daily gain (ADG) or average daily feed intake (ADFI). In Exp. 2, a total of 323 pigs (241 × 600; DNA, Columbus, NE; initially 50.0 ± 1.3 kg) were used with 9 pigs per pen and 6 pens per treatment. Treatments were identical as Exp. 1. Overall, corn source had no effect on finishing pig ADG, ADFI or G:F. For corn particle size, ADG and G:F increased (linear, P < 0.014) and ADFI decreased (P = 0.043) as particle size decreased. For stomach morphology, there was a tendency for a corn source × particle size interaction (P = 0.055) for keratinization score with keratinization increasing linearly (P = 0.001) as particle size of the corn decreased for yellow dent corn with no change in keratinization score as particle size decreased for Enogen Feed corn. In summary, reducing corn particle size improved G:F with no major differences observed between corn sources for overall pig performance.
... Besides, walking can improve insulin sensitivity and build muscle mass rather than fat mass. 53 A study conducted in Ethiopia has shown that physical activity had a protecting role against NCDs among men. 54 Overweight and obesity were significantly associated with having metabolic syndrome. ...
Background
Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is becoming a big public health problem in developing countries like Ethiopia. Developing countries have an almost two-fold higher risk of death due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) compared to high-income countries. This study aimed to assess the magnitude and factors associated with MetS among adult residents of Mekelle city.
Methods
A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 266 randomly selected adults from July to September 2019. Data were collected on socio-demographic, clinical, anthropometric, and lifestyle characteristics using a structured questionnaire adapted from the WHO STEPs survey tool. Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) and lipid profiles were tested using a blood sample. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with MetS and variables were considered statistically significant at p ≤0.05.
Results
The findings of this study showed the magnitude of MetS was 21.8%. The proportion of MetS was relatively higher among women (24.6%) than men (18.5%). Raised blood pressure was the most prominent (42.5%) component of MetS followed by central obesity (41.7%). The magnitude of the other components of MetS was 38.0%, 21.4%, and 14.3% for elevated triglyceride, raised FBG, and low HDL-C, respectively. Advanced age, medium and high monthly income, walking less than 10 minutes per day, raised Body Mass Index (BMI), higher waist to hip ratio, and elevated total cholesterol were significantly associated with a higher risk of metabolic syndrome.
Conclusion
In this study, we found a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components, which highlights an urgent need for a public health strategy for its prevention, early diagnosis, and management.
... Retinylpalmitate is a precursor and storage form of retinol. The carotenoids are considered also as precursors of vitamin A such as: alphacarotene, beta-carotene and beta-cryptoxanthin ( Fig. 2) (Groff, 1995). Chemistry Vitamin A chemically, as a member of class of compounds called the retinoids is consisting of four isoprenoid units connected in a manner, which is headto-tail. ...
Vitamin A, namely retinol is still the most proper agent for modulating so many biochemical reactions and
biological functions in different tissues and organs. In addition to the provitamins A and a, b and g-carotenoids that are present
in various foods from either animal or plant origin, retinoids and rexinoids form the natural and synthetic analogs that are
chemically related or unrelated and can be added as food supplements for deficiency disorders of vitamin A or used to alleviate
or treat certain health problems such as skin carcinoma, acne, skin aging and dermatitis.
... Although the information on serum copper levels in patients with CF is scanty [4], the mucus (sputum) of patients with CF reveals that there are traces of metals, mostly iron and copper, but also zinc [6], and in separate in vitro studies, these metals have been shown to induce Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance to carbapenem antibiotics [41]. Additionally, deficiencies of copper can result in iron deficiency anemia [42], osteoporosis and joint problems [43], and increased susceptibility to infection that is secondary to poor immune function [44]. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to investigate the serum copper level, Cu/Zn ratio, and its relationship with nutritional indicators in CF patients. ...
Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients require a stable and sufficient supply of micronutrients. Since copper is an essential micronutrient for human development, a cross-sectional study was carried out to investigate the serum copper levels, serum copper/zinc (Cu/Zn) ratios, and their relationship with nutritional indicators in a group of CF patients. Anthropometric, biochemical, and dietary measurements, an abdominal ultrasound, and respiratory and pancreatic tests were conducted. Seventeen CF patients were studied (10 females, 59%), 76.5% of whom were ∆F580. Their mean serum copper (113 ± 23 µg/dL) was normal, and there was only one teenager with hypocupremia (6%) and two children with hypercupremia (18%). A significant association between serum copper and zinc levels was discovered. The Cu/Zn ratio was higher than 1.00 for 94% of patients, which is an indicator of an inflammation status. There was no significant correlation between the serum copper concentrations and respiratory and pancreatic function, respiratory colonization, and the results of the abdominal ultrasound. Linear regression analysis showed that serum copper had a positive association with both the Z-score body mass index (BMI) and mean bone conduction speed (BCS). Therefore, since 94% of CF patients had a Cu/Zn ratio > 1.00, this factor must alert us to consider the risk of zinc deficiency and high inflammatory response. The measurement of serum zinc alone does not show one's zinc status. However, the Cu/Zn ratio may be an indicator of zinc deficiency and the inflammatory status of CF patients.
... Dari 20 isolat yang diuji terdapat 11 isolat yang menunjukkan potensi sebagai probiotik (Tabel 2). Isolat Lactobacillus sp yang berpotensi sebagai probiotik dapat bertahan hidup di pH 2, hal ini berarti bahwa sebagian besar isolat dapat melewati saluran lambung yang bersifat asam dimana pH asam lambung sangat rendah yakni berkisar antara 2-3 (Groff dan Gropper, 2001). Hal ini sesuai dengan beberapa hasil penelitian yang menunjukkan bahwa BAL, terutama Lactobacillus, termasuk bakteri paling tahan terhadap asam dan merupakan flora normal saluran pencernaan (Fuller 1999 (Hill, 1995). ...
Infection disease is a threat for human life. Research on preventing infection disease is very important. The aim this research was to improve the preventing of infection disease. This research was the basic on identification of MSA activity. The in vitro result of MSA which was isolated from mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) and the extract of the fruit skin byusing Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The result showed that there were 11 isolates of potential Lactobacillus, that have variation in MSA activities. Four isolates of them showed that the higher activities between 9.6-11.8 were TM1, BST1, BST2, and BST5. The MSA activities showed by reducing coagulation after adding D-Mannose. The highest activities showedby isolate TM1, and the lowest showed by isolate BST7. By using this method it is clearly found that the skin fruit not contain MSAkeywords : mannose-specific adhesin (msa ), probiotic, Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
... Copper is transported to the cells through copper membrane transporter 1 (CMTI), where it coordinate to metallothioneins to the trans-golgi network. Ceruloplamin is responsible for carrying 9 % of copper in the blood to tissues that need the mineral [6,7]. Excessive dose of copper is a lingering problem because excretion of cooper is so slow, only 10 % can be excreted in 72 hours [5]. ...
Sulfamethoxazole is an antibiotic that is used for the treatment of bacterial infections such as prostatitis, bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is effective against gram negative and gram positive bacteria. Classical equation has been used in the calculation of stability constant of SulfamethoxazoleCu(II) complex depending on the theoretical explanation of the stoichiometry. The formation of Cu(II) complex with sulfamethoxazole was studied colorimetrically at an absorption maximum of 430 nm at 25, 30, 35 and 40 oC. The data showed that Cu(II) and sulfamethoxazole combine in the molar ratio of 1:2 at pH 7.4 with ionic strength maintained using 0.1M KNO3. Calculated stability constants values were 4.02 x 106 , 2.93 x 106 , 1.37 x 106 and 9.21 x 105 using continuous variation method. Calculated ∆GƟ for the complex were -3.77 x 104 , -3.75 x 104 , -3.62 x 104 and - 3.57 x 104 . The stoichiometry, stability constant and Gibbs free energy results suggested that sulfamethoxazole used in the study is a good chelating agent and can be an efficient antidote in the therapy of Cu(II) overload or poisoning
... Electrolytes play a vital role in maintaining homeostasis within the body; chloride, the anion of chlorine, along with sodium and potassium are responsible for osmotic pressure and acidbase balance. In addition to that, chloride has a passive role in electrolyte balance, and it is required for the production of gastric hydrochloric acid secreted from the parietal cells of the gastric mucosa in the stomach [4,5]. Sodium plays a major role in maintaining blood volume and blood pressure by attracting and holding water, also it is important in cellular osmotic pressure, transmitting nerve impulses and maintaining a constant pH. ...
Background: In Libya, all laboratories use reference intervals (RIs) derived from other country’s populations, which
differ from Libyan population in many aspects such as daily habits and race. Due to these differences, it is assumed that
those RIs are not applicable to Libyans.
Aim: The aim of this study was to establish RIs of sodium, potassium and chloride in serum of Libyan people.
Materials and Methods: Two hundred and fifty-seven blood specimens of healthy people (males and females) were
collected using venipuncture untreated tubes. The specimens were centrifuged for 15 minutes and the obtained sera
were analyzed for their content of sodium, potassium and chloride using direct potentiometry method.
Results and Discussion: The non-parametric percentile method was applied to establish the RIs of sodium, chloride
and potassium, which were found to be: 135-143.3; 103-110; 3.7-5.2 mmol/L, respectively. There were no considerable
differences in lower limits and/or upper limits of all established RIs between males and females, except that the upper
limit of Cl− for females was slightly higher than that for males.
Conclusion: As there are evident regional differences in RIs, the established RIs in this study will be more favorable in
Libya than those listed in the manufacturer’s kit or those adopted from other population-based references.
... Major exposure of Cu comes from food. Sources of Cu from diet are found in foods such as oysters, seafood, organ meats (especially liver), beef, dark green leafy vegetables, cereals, nuts, sunflower seeds, green olives, avocados, chocolate, cocoa and black pepper [12]. Excess copper can trigger the formation of highly reactive hydroxyl radicals through Fenton reactions that leads to DNA and the other macromolecules damage [13]. ...
This in vitro study was conducted to analyze the formation of biomarker for DNA damage 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) due to Bisphenol A and metal ion Cu (I) exposure in the presence of H2O2 as oxidizing agent on 2-deoxiguanosine via Fenton-Like reaction in non-physiological conditions (temperature 60°C and pH 8.4). Samples were incubated in numerous incubation time (7 hours and 12 hours) and further analyzed by using UHPLC reverse phase with mobile phase sodium phosphate buffer and methanol (85:15) with UV-Vis detector at wavelength 254 nm. The results showed that 8-OHdG can be formed by reacting Bisphenol A, Cu(I) and H2O2. Mostly, samples with longer incubation time (12 hours) have higher 8-OHdG concentration than shorter incubation time (7 hours). 8-OHdG concentrations in all samples were above LOD value and mostly were above LOQ value. Only one mixture that have 8-OHdG levels below LOQ value, i.e. dG, Cu(I), and H2O2. The highest 8-OHdG concentrations found on the complete mixture of reagents (dG, Bisphenol A, Cu(I), and H2O2) with longer incubation time (12 hours) with concentration equal to 92.438 ppb.
Objective: Present study was intended to examine the effects of dietary modification on nutritional biomarkers in young Indian male athletes.
Methods: Eighty-eight footballers and hockey players were randomly segregated into ad-libitum group (ALG) and nutrition counselling group (NCG). Eight weeks of dietary modification trial was implemented on NCG, resulting in 9.5, 2.6, and 2.1 g/kgbw/day of carbohydrate, protein, and fat respectively. Rate of changes in daily nutrient intake and nutrition biomarkers were captured.
Results: NCG revealed significant increases in total serum protein (5.6%, p<0.001), haemoglobin (3.9%, p<0.001) and vitamin E (2.9%, p<0.001). They also exhibited rises in serum vitamin C (6%, p=0.004), folate (4.5%, p=0.004), ferritin (4.8%, p=0.003), calcium (4.2%, p=0.009), serum vitamins B12 (3.9%, p=0.012) and D (12.3%, p<0.001). Haemoglobin levels were positively correlated with daily protein (p<0.01), iron (p<0.05), vitamins B12 and vitamin C (p<0.05 both) intakes. Serum calcium positively correlated with daily calcium (p<0.01), phosphorus and protein (p<0.05 both) intakes. Serum zinc was positively correlated with daily protein, calcium, vitamin B9 and vitamin D intake, while serum ferritin and vitamin B12 were positively correlated with protein and iron intake. Post-intervention, NCG reported optimal blood levels of calcium, zinc, protein, Hb, ferritin, vitamins B12, C and E, whereas the folate and vitamin D values were suboptimal. On the other hand, the ALG revealed marginal levels of zinc and total protein as well as noticeably low levels of calcium, folate, and vitamin D.
Conclusion: Enhanced blood levels of nutritional biomarkers noted after eight-weeks of controlled dietary modification was supported by positive correlations observed with the daily nutrient intakes.
Zinc acts in the body by catalysing various enzyme activities, regulates gene expression, and supports in protein structures. This study analysed the impact of the Trivedi Effect®-Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment on the various properties of zinc in comparison to the control sample by using different analytical techniques. The sample for the study was divided into two parts and named as the control and treated parts. The control part did not receive the Biofield Energy Treatment was given to, while the treated part was received the Trivedi Effect®-Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Dahryn Trivedi, remotely. The powder X-ray diffraction peak intensities of the treated zinc powder and crystallite sizes were significantly altered ranging from -15.06% to 24.92% and -1.01% to 28.32%, respectively compared to the control sample. Moreover, the average crystallite size of the treated zinc powder was significantly increased by 13.60% in comparison to the control sample. The particle sizes of the treated zinc powder sample was decreased by 4.52% (d10), 8.82% (d50), 12.87% (d90), and 10.47% [D(4,3)] after the Biofield Energy Treatment; that resulted in 8.16% increase in the surface area as compared to the control sample. The total weight loss was significantly increased in the treated sample by 23.88%, however, the residue amount was significantly reduced by 24.69%, compared to the control sample. Therefore, the Trivedi Effect®-Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment might be used as a novel approach for producing a novel polymorph of zinc, which might show better solubility, absorption, and bioavailability along with altered thermal stability, compared to the control sample. Overall, the Biofield Energy Treated zinc could be more advantageous to make the products in the nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, chemical, metal industry, etc.
Faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap terjadinya deviasi positif pertumbuhan bayi BBLR pada usia 1 bulan adalah pemberian ASI saja dan adanya tempat penyimpanan khusus yang dikontrol oleh variabel sosial ekonomi. Kedua, faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap terjadinya deviasi positif pertumbuhan bayi BBLR pada usia 2 bulan adalah pemberian ASI saja, ibu dengan spontan membunyikan kata-kata kepada bayi, dikontrol oleh variabel status ekonomi. Ketiga, faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap terjadinya deviasi positif pertumbuhan BBLR pada bulan ke 3 adalah adanya pengasuh penganti bila ibu pergi dan tersedianya mainan atau peralatan yang melatih aktifitas otot baik motorik halus dan kasar, dikontrol oleh variabel status ekonomi. Keempat, faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap terjadinya deviasi positif pertumbuhan BBLR pada usia 4 bulan adalah kesehatan bayi, ibu memuji perkembangan bayi dan adanya pengasuh penganti bila ibu pergi. Kelima, faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap terjadinya deviasi positif pertumbuhan BBLR pada usia 5 bulan adalah pemberian ASI saja dan kesehatan bayi yang dikontrol oleh status ekonomi.
Selanjutnya, perilaku keluarga positive deviants terhadap terjadinya deviasi positive pertumbuhan BBLR adalah ibu memberikan ASI saja sesering mungkin kepada bayi (lebih dari 12 kali dalam 24 jam) dan ada upaya yang dilakukan ibu untuk memperlancar ASI yaitu dengan mengonsumsi kacang-kacangan, keluarga rajin menjaga kebersihan rumah dan pekarangan, ayah berperan dalam pengasuhan bayi dan pengambil keputusan dalam pemberian makaan adalah ibu yang didukung oleh keluarga yang dituakan yaitu nenek.
El presente trabajo analiza los conocimientos sobre el hierro y el ácido fálico que tiene un grupo de mujeres gestantes que asiste al programa de control prenatal de la Empresa Social del Estado Hospital Gilberto Mejía Mejía de Rionegro (Antioquia) y discute las prácticas alimentarias que pueden modificar la biodisponibilidad de estos nutrientes. Las madres fueron entrevistadas de manera individual por un nutricionista dietista o una enfermera jefe previamente entrenadas, utilizando un formulario. Los resultados indican que un alto porcentaje de las madres desconoce las funciones del hierro, identifica muy pocos alimentos fuente y por el contrario menciona una mayor variedad de alimentos que no contienen este mineral; además, los hábitos de combinación de alimentos interfieren con su biodisponibilidad. En el caso del ácido fólico, pocas gestantes conocen su función, ninguna reconoce alimentos fuente y además un alto porcentaje de ellas, tiene un consumo poco frecuente de verduras y un hábito de preparación de las mismas, que reduce su contenido en la dieta. Los conocimientos de nutrición y las prácticas alimentarias de este grupo de gestantes con relación a dichos nutrientes, no favorecen su estado nutricional y pueden implicar un riesgo para la salud de la madre y el bebé. Es urgente el desarrollo y la evaluación de programas educativos, que permitan modificar las prácticas alimentarias de este grupo vulnerable.
Bu tezde Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi öğrencilerinin sporcu beslenmesi hakkındaki bilgi düzeyleri ile genel beslenme alışkanlıklarının belirlenmesi ve ilişkili faktörlerin de değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Kesitsel tipte gerçekleştirilen çalışmada 2021-2022 güz yarıyılında Erciyes Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi'nde eğitim görmekte olan 350 öğrenci üzerinde araştırma yapıldı. Literatür taraması sonucunda oluşturulmuş olan anket formu ile beraber ''Sporcu Beslenmesi Bilgi Testi Kısa Formu'', ''Sporda Zihinsel Dayanıklılık Envanteri'' ve besin tüketim sıklığı anket formu yüz yüze görüşme tekniği ile uygulandı.
This chapter provides clarity for determination of values for digestibility by discussing different methods, terminologies, and specific considerations. It reviews digestibility and availability of amino acids (AA), carbohydrates, lipids, minerals, and vitamins. The ileal digesta contain undigested dietary AA along with endogenous AA that are secreted into the intestinal tract of pigs. The endogenous proteins mainly originate from mucoproteins, epithelial cells, digestive enzymes including gastric secretions, pancreatic juice, and bile acids, and serum albumin in forms of peptides, free AA, amines, and urea. Lipid digestibility in diets fed to pigs may be affected by several factors including lipid analysis, chemical and physical characteristics of fatty acids, dietary factors, and animal factors. Calcium in swine diets is mostly provided by limestone, dicalcium phosphate, and monocalcium phosphate because most grains and oilseed meals have low Ca concentration. Vitamins are essential nutrients that are required for normal metabolic function of the body.
Objectives
The effects of dietary supplements, including magnesium sulfate (Mg), zinc oxide (Zn) and vitamin B6 (Vit B6), on the performance of laying hens reared under normal (NC) and heat‐stress (HSC) conditions were investigated.
Material and Methods
A total of 288 30‐week‐old Lohmann LSL‐Lite laying hens were randomly divided into 48 cages and assigned to receive one of the eight diets with six replicates and six hens per replicate, based on a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Dietary supplements, including two levels (0 & 600 mg/kg) of Mg, two levels (0 & 30 mg/kg) of Zn and two levels (0 & 8 mg/kg) of Vit B6, in normal and heat‐stress conditions, were tested at 30–40 and 41–45 weeks of age, respectively.
Results
In the Vit B6 group, a decrease in feed intake (FI), egg production (EP), albumin, Zn, Fe and Mg, and an increase in triglyceride and insulin in HSC were observed, in addition to a decrease in cholesterol and an increase in egg weight (EW) in NC. Supplemental Mg decreased EP, blood triglycerides and copper in NC, and Zn, Fe and Mg in HSC as well. Feeding Zn, increased egg shape index, total protein and copper in addition to yolk index in NC and Fe in HSC. EWs were higher in hens supplemented with Vit B6+Mg in HSC. Increased insulin and decreased glutathione peroxidase activity were detected with the Vit B6+Zn compared to feeding either Vit B6 or Zn in HSC.
Conclusions
The results indicated Vit B6 could improve EWs and suppress blood cholesterol in NC. Zn improved the egg shape index in NC.
Latar Belakang : Anemia merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan di seluruh dunia, terutama dinegara berkembang. Angka kejadian anemia pada remaja puteri sebesar 57,1%. Penatalaksanaan anemia yang dilakukan dengan pemberian tablet Fe, tetapi tablet Fe memiliki efek samping yaitu susah BAB dan rasa mual sehingga menyebabkan kepatuhan konsumsi obat berkurang. Salah satu alternatif pencegahan anemia adalah dengan menggunakan ekstrak daun jambu biji yang dapat menurunkan efek samping rasa mual dan mengandung antioksidan baik bagi tubuh dan kadar profil darah.Tujuan Penelitian : Membuktikan pengaruh pemberian ekstrak daun jambu biji terhadap perubahan kadar hemoglobin pada remaja puteri.Metode Penelitian : Jenis metode penelitian ini yang digunakan adalah True Eksperiment. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah pretest dan post test control group design. Dengan jumlah sampel 30 remaja puteri terbagi dalam 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol yang diberikan Fe 60 mg dan kelompok intervensi yang diberikan Fe 60 mg dan ekstrak daun jambu biji 500 mg. Analisis data menggunakan Wilcoxon dan Independent T-TestHasil Penelitian : : Setelah diberikan intervensi dengan mengkonsumsi ekstrak daun jambu biji selama 14 hari terdapat perbedaan nilai Hemoglobin setelah diberikan perlakuan pada kedua kelompok. Rerata mean Hemoglobin kelompok perlakuan > Kelompok kontrol (11.47 ng/dl > 11.11 ng/dl),Simpulan : Ekstrak daun jambu biji berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan kadar HemoglobinSaran. Ekstrak daun jambu biji dapat dijadikan alternatif terapi peningkatan HemoglobinKata Kunci : Ekstrak daun jambu biji, Hemoglobin
No-caloric sweeteners, such as aspartame, are widely used in various food and beverages to prevent the increasing rates of obesity and diabetes mellitus, acting as tools in helping control caloric intake. Aspartame is a methyl ester of a dipeptide used as a synthetic nonnutritive sweetener in over 90 countries worldwide in over 6000 products. It was first approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1981. Aspartame is metabolized to phenylalanine, aspartic acid, and methanol. these metabolites have some health risks specially on PKU (Phenyl Ketone Urea) patients who can’t metabolize the amino acid phenyl alanine. This study aims to investigate the health effects of aspartame on Balb-c mice. 16 Balb-c mice were given physiological solution by oral gavage(control) and the study groups were given the recommended ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake) for mice (ADI = 250mg/kg/body weight) of Aspartame diluted in water for 15days, 30days. Glucose blood level, lipid profile, marker enzymes (ALT.AST.ALP, γGT) and uric acid were determined at the end of the experiment. The results of this study show that oral administration of aspartame (250mg/kg body weight) was correlated to a significant increase in the lipid profile, fasting blood glucose and some marker enzymes and this increase is time related.
A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a multi-strain Bacillus subtilis-based direct-fed microbial (DFM) on growth performance and apparent nutrient digestibility of nursery pigs. Eighty pigs, of equal number of barrows and gilts (initial BW: 7.0 ± 0.60 kg), were weaned at 21 ± 1 d and randomly allotted to one of sixteen pens, with five pigs per pen. Two dietary treatments were implemented, a basal control (CON) and a control plus DFM (DFM). Both diets were corn, soybean meal, and distillers dried grains based. Diets were fed for 42 d and growth performance measures were recorded weekly. On d 21 and 42 of the experiment, one pig per pen, with equal number of males and females, was randomly selected and euthanized. Digestibility of nitrogen (N), amino acids (AA) and energy were evaluated within the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, ascending and distal colon. Relative to CON, DFM tended to increase ADG during wk 2 (P = 0.08), and significantly increased ADFI during wk 2 (P = 0.04) and wk 3 (P = 0.02). In addition, DFM decreased G:F during wk 6, relative to CON (P = 0.04). Within the jejunum, pigs fed DFM had greater digestibility of tryptophan (P = 0.04) and cysteine (P = 0.04), and tended to have greater digestibility of lysine (P = 0.07), methionine (P = 0.06), and threonine (P = 0.08), relative to CON. The content pH in ascending colon did not differ between DFM and CON. Compared to CON, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy of DFM did not differ while ATTD of nitrogen of DFM was lower (P = 0.05). The addition of a multi-strain Bacillus subtilis-based DFM appears to impact growth performance, AA and N digestibility depending upon location in the gastrointestinal tract, with primary AA differences occurring within the mid-jejunum.
Instant noodles originated in eastern nations and have been accepted due to its practicality and low cost. However, its high sodium content can lead to health problems. The present study aimed to reduce sodium and increase calcium levels in noodles. A control (N1: K2CO3+ Na2CO3) and three treatments with the addition of calcium carbonate in combination with alkaline salts such as potassium and sodium carbonates (N2: K2CO3+ CaCO3; N3: Na2CO3+ CaCO3; and N4: CaCO3) were studied. Two hydration methods were investigated, and the technological characterization and the calcium bioaccessibility of the different noodle formulations were determined. N4 did not fit into the alkaline noodle category due to its neutral pH. N2 and N4 showed a sodium reduction of around 28% and a significant increase in calcium content, with higher bioaccessible calcium. Significant changes were observed for the noodles made with the addition of different alkaline salts, with a light-yellow color and better texture than the control, which can be a positive aspect, once products with reduced nutrients usually present differentiated coloring. Therefore, the use of calcium carbonate may be a promising alternative to increase Ca intake and to reduce the sodium content of instant noodles.
Plants are capable of synthesizing β-carotene but unfortunately humans are not able to do so. However, they are capable of converting β-carotene absorbed from their diets to vitamin A. Hence, an increase in β-carotene content in plants can be an alternative to increase the vitamin A content & prevent from certain diseases content in diet of individuals. Therefore, foliar application of amino acid solution is a technique used for investigating the effect of amino acid supplementation on enhancement of beta carotene content in green leafy vegetables. In this study, fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) seeds are treated with proline, tyrosine, tryptophan and proline, tyrosine, tryptophan combination (1:1:1). It was observed that growth and beta carotene content were higher in the treated plants. Exclusive treatment with Proline, tyrosine and the tryptophan resulted in an increase in growth and beta carotene content when compared to control which is lesser than that of proline-tyrosine-tryptophan combination treated seeds.
The honey bee is an important economic and domesticated insect. This insect has been gaining attention as a potential nutritional source in different parts of the world. This study therefore evaluated the nutritional and anti-nutritional composition of the tissue of honey bees, Apis mellifera adansonii, from the rainforest, guinea savannah and derived savannah zones of Nigeria. Honey bee samples were collected from fully colonised colonies of two different apiaries each from the rainforest, guinea and derived savannah zones of Nigeria for chemical analyses. Proximate, minerals composition, vitamin and secondary metabolites composition were estimated using standard methods. The levels of proximate compositions (fat, ash, crude fibre, crude protein and carbohydrate contents), minerals, vitamins and secondary metabolites recorded in the honey bees from the three ecological zones were not significantly different. Potassium, chloride and calcium respectively were higher in the honey bee tissue than the other minerals tested. However, the level of phytate was higher in the honey bee samples than the regulatory safe level. Based on the results of this study, honey bees from the studied ecological zones of Nigeria are equally nutritious.
The research aims to: 1) Evaluate the optimal carbohydrate protein contents to increase growth performance of snakehead fish, 2) Evaluate the optimal organic chrome concentration as feed supplement that can increase insulin performance in accelerating the blood glucose rate of influx, to increase growth and survival rate of snakehead fish. The results showed that blood glucose influx in snakehead fish seeds was best in the treatment of carbohydrate 35%, protein 40%, chrome 5 ppm and was lowest in the treatment of carbohydrate 40%, protein 35%, chrome 3 ppm. It was indicated that treatment of chrome concentration and carbohydrate-protein content and interaction between both of them gave real effects (P<0,05) on the growth of snakehead fish seeds (Channa striata). For Duncan further test results, a treatment that gave the highest growth was obtained, in the feeding with carbohydrate content 35%, protein 40%, chrome 5ppm. The treatment producing the lowest growth was obtained in carbohydrate content 40%, protein 35% chrome 3ppm. Next, results of various analysis in the treatment of chrome concentration and carbohydrate-protein content and the interaction between both of them did not affect the survival rate of snakehead fish. It can be concluded that blood glucose influx and growth of snakehead fish seeds was highest in treatment of carbohydrate 30%, protein 45%, chrome 5ppm, and was lowest in treatment of carbohydrate 40%, protein 35%, chrome 3 ppm. While survival rate of snakehead fish seeds reached 100% for all treatments.
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