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Water transport in a bottom ash landfill from a municipial solid waste ("MSW") incinerator
Abstract
In this paper the water transport in a bottom ash landfill from a Municipial Solid Waste ("MSW") incinerator is discussed. Bottom ash contains micro- and also a large number of macropores (≈2/3 of the total porosity of 43% [Lichtensteiger, 1996]). Therefore two different models with different physical/mathematical approaches are applied. The model "Microflux" describing micropores only is implemented in the computer-program "HYDRUS-1D" [Simunek et al, 1998] and the model "Combined Micro-Macroflux" describing micro- and macropores in the computer-program "MACRO" [Jarvis, N. et al, 1998], respectively. As test site a landfill (profile depth: 6m) near Winterthur in Switzerland has been used. Precipitation, leachate and meteorological parameters have been measured every 15 minutes during more than one year. These time series were used to calibrate the models. With the model Microflux leachate fluxes cannot be simulated successfully (compared with the measured fluxes) even if unrealistic values for some hydraulic parameters are assumed. On the other hand, by using the Combined Micro-Macroflux model and choosing a macroporosity of 29% (≈2/3 of the total porosity) there is a very good correspondence between measured and simulated leachate fluxes.
... The subject of recycling has in recent times dominated discussion in the local and international literature on waste management [3-5, 9,11,15,16]. Gradually the literature is shifting away interest from qualitative descriptions to quantitative measures that adequately reflect the practical situations of the recycling problem [10,12,13,14]. Along with this interest, the various stakeholders in the environment are promoting the establishment of recycling plant that would aid in achieving the goal of an environmentally friendly community. ...
The growing need to manage businesses more competitively and more profitably is opening up new opportunities for research in industrial engineering. One of these research and practical opportunities is the development of cost and productivity theory for a recycling plant. Recycling technology has evolved as one of the most useful facilities that help us to maintain an environmentally friendly society. The world over, the need of recycling is heightened by the increasing awareness of product consumer, on the need to maximize the bundle of benefits from the products bought by them. This paper attempts a mathematical model for the solid waste-recycling problem. The focus is on development of a framework that incorporates flow rate, cost and productivity into a holistic theory.
ABSTRACT,and Erofeeva, 2002), and seawater intrusion (Iribar et al., 1997). Inversely obtained hydrologic parameters are always uncertain Inverse modeling has brought new opportunities, but (nonunique) because of errors associated with the measurements and also new challenges. Some of the advantages are savings the invoked conceptual model, among other factors. Quantification of in time and cost of laboratory,and/or field experiments this uncertainty in multidimensional parameter space is often difficult generallyneededtoobtaintheunknownparametersand because of complexities in the structure of the objective function. In this study we describe parameter uncertainties using chastic inverse methods are based on the philosophy that there is no such unique,set of effective parameter values. Beven and Binley (1992), among others, explain I
In the present study the water movement in a bottom ash landfill from a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) was investigated. The pore regime of such landfills consists of macropores (with diameter > 50 microm), which make up about two-thirds of the total porosity and micropores. The program MACRO, which describes flow through porous media and takes both macro- and micropore flows into account, was applied. The model was calibrated with a time series from the landfill Riet, near Winterthur in Switzerland. In the present study the model was recalibrated at a time series for 1 year. With this scenario the influence of an expected reduction or increase of the porosity on leachate behaviour of such landfills over a long time (> 100 years) was studied ('long-term behaviour'). It has been shown that reliable information about water percolation can only be provided by obtaining more information about the hydraulic structure of such landfills. In particular, the number of macropores and the porosity exert great influence on the water movement.
A mathematical model is presented to predict quantity and quality of leachate from incinerator residue landfills. The model is based on the unsaturated flow equation, the solute transport equation, the equation of chemical and microbial processes, and the water balance equation of the leachate collection system. Good agreement was obtained by comparing model simulation with data of laboratory column-leaching tests in the literature. The important parameters were evaluated in a sensitivity analysis to determine their respective effects. Five parameters were identified to strongly influence the model performance : saturated volumetric moisture content (θs), ultimate mass of leachable contaminant (M0), maximum contaminant concentration (Cmax), saturated hydraulic conductivity of the drainage layer (Kd), and slope angle of the liner (v).