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1
Does Facebook Increase Political Participation?
Evidence from a Field Experiment
Yannis Theocharis1
Mannheim Centre for European Social Research
Will Lowe2
Princeton University
This is the accepted version of the manuscript published by Taylor & Francis in Information,
Communication & Society on 17 December. The published manuscript is available online and can
be downloaded at http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1369118X.2015.1119871
Abstract
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!
1 yannis.theocharis@uni-mannheim.de
2 wlowe@princeton.edu
2
Introduction!
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References!
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T33*/(-'23'C%32#1,($2%'@*/)%2+2&8',('()*'C%.$6$.",+'[*6*+;'Political(Research(Quarterly0'
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4*#-2%'*=4*#$1*%('$%'-2/$,+'$%3+"*%/*',%.'42+$($/,+'125$+$G,($2%;'Nature0']KRhIRYkIRK;'
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5#2,./,-('%*7-;'Annals(of(the(American(Academy(of(Political(and(Social(Science0'Y]dh]KkYK;'
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b#2(*-('Q*),6$2"#;'British(Journal(of(Political(Science0']JHJSOhYS;'
!,+(2%0'e;',%.'A,((*%5*#&0'F;'HIJJJO;'Parties(Without(Partisans:(Political(Change(in(
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22
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Matters;'y,+*'q%$6*#-$(8'b#*--0'N*7'L,6*%;'
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!27%-0'<;'HSRYMO;'An(Economic(Theory(of(Democracy;'L,#4*#',%.'e270'N*7'y2#9;'
T,#+0'o;',%.'W$142#(0'W;'HIJSSO;'Digitally(Enabled(Social(Change:(Activism(in(the(Internet(
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P,4$(,+',%.'P2++*&*'X(".*%(-\'q-*'23'V%+$%*'X2/$,+'N*(72#9'X$(*-;'Journal(of(Computer-
Mediated(Communication0'SIH]OhSS]UkSSdK;'
T%>2+#,-0'Q;0'X(**%?o2)%-*%0'W;0',%.'A2++*5,*90'!;'HIJSUO;'X2/$,+'1*.$,',%.'125$+$G,($2%'(2'
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T(G$2%$0'<;'HSRRUO;'The(Spirit(of(Community:(Rights,(Responsibilities,(and(the(Communitarian(
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'
'
Acknowledgment: The authors would like to thank the participants of the "Social Media and
Political Participation" panel of the 2014 EPSA General Conference, as well as the participants
of the "Experimental Research" panel of the 110th APSA Annual Meeting for commenting on
earlier versions of this paper. Yannis Theocharis would especially like to thank Jan W. van Deth
for his advice, ideas about the study’s design and his support, as well as to acknowledge the
financial contribution of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation and the Mannheim Centre for
European Social Research.
Yannis Theocharis is Research Fellow at the Mannheim Centre for European Social Research
(MZES), University of Mannheim. His research interests are in political behaviour, new media,
social networks, and social capital.
Will Lowe is Senior Research Specialist in the Department of Politics at Princeton University.
He is a political methodologist focusing on quantitative political text analysis.
28
Table 1: Models of offline participation modes. For each mode, model 0 is equivalent to a t-test of
difference of means, model 1 is a linear regression, and model 2 is the ATE from a matching analysis
using propensity scores.
29
Table 2: Models for offline and online modes. For each mode, model 0 is equivalent to a t-test of
difference of means, model 1 is a linear regression, and model 2 is the ATE from a matching analysis
using propensity scores. Standard errors are in parentheses.
30
Table 3: Models for all measures combined. For each mode, model 0 is equivalent to a t-test of difference
of means, model 1 is a linear regression, and model 2 is the ATE from a matching analysis using
propensity scores. Standard errors are in parentheses.
31
Table 4: Correlation table of modes with attributes of the treated group.
32
Figure 1: Estimated treatment effects by dependent variable for regression and matching analyses.