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Designing for Success: Creating Business Value with Mobile User Experience (UX)
Abstract
The popularity of mobile devices, such as smart phones and tablets, provides both new opportunities and challenges for companies. Mobile devices allow companies to reach users anywhere, anytime; however, these devices present the challenge of designing websites that can adapt to smaller screen sizes. Because competition is shifting more and more toward user experience, creating a positive mobile experience is becoming increasingly important in maintaining a competitive edge in the market place. To address this issue, we measured the user experience of an actual e-commerce website before and after it was optimized for mobile devices and used Google Analytics to follow user behavior. The results suggested that optimized websites are likely to have a major positive impact on the ROI for a company.
... This method gives insight into the reason behind users' action while interacting with the product or application. It helps the researcher to know and observe the reactions of the users in their natural context of use and assist in extracting the problem areas during the investigation [22]. For example, this method is good in conducting a usability evaluation of product prototype in order to eliminate the problem found in the existing application [26]. ...
... Web analytics are methods used to measure users' behaviour on the website, which is collected automatically through large samples or complete visitor populations [22]. Among the data that can be collected are the total number of the website's visitor or traffic, their demography, the number and type of links they click and the page views among others, can be analysed and reported. ...
The sales of mobile technologies have grown substantially as well as the significant increment in the development of mobile applications. Mobile devices like smartphones and tablets, among others, have gained popularity and enhanced users' interactions and the exchange of information. The major aim of this study is to conduct extensive mapping of related literature sources regarding the usability methods in the context of mobile applications. The study seeks to uncover the most used set of usability evaluation methods in the context of mobile applications and to answer the question of when to use which usability evaluation methods. In order to have a proper understanding of when to use which method, this study presents the landscape of usability evaluation methods and categorizes them according to 3-dimensional approaches with axes. The results prove that different usability evaluation methods have been used for the evaluation of mobile applications. In addition, the study uncovered 19 usability evaluation methods for the evaluation of mobile applications. The findings show that Survey, In-lab studies, Interview, Observation, and Log file are the most widely used methods, which account for more than 10 percent each of the reviewed studies
... Um bom produto precisa, além de funcionar bem, motivar e engajar os usuários para uma interação mais prazerosa [4]. Além disso, em um contexto de constante surgimento de novas soluções tecnológicas, investir no projeto de uma boa experiência é também um grande diferencial no mercado [2], uma vez que usuários mais satisfeitos tendem a ser fiéis aos aplicativos e indicá-los para outras pessoas. Esse é um dos fatores pelos quais muitas empresas têm mostrado maior preocupação com a UX, fato que abre oportunidades para pesquisadores de IHC que desejem abraçar os desafios da área. ...
... Entretanto, não são tratados aspectos particulares da experiência, nem o impacto dos problemas de interação nesses aspectos. Em [2], Djamasbi et al. avaliaram a experiência de um site de vendas antes e depois de sua otimização para dispositivos móveis. Os resultados sugerem que sites otimizados podem ter um impacto positivo no retorno financeiro de uma companhia. ...
The user experience (UX) seeks to understand how people experience interaction with technological artifacts, from various points of view. Through an empirical research of qualitative nature, the present paper explores how interaction and interface problems impact the user experience in mobile applications focused on urban mobility. To support the study, we evaluated the user experience offered by two of these applications, whose evaluation process consisted of a combination of methods, aiming to cover several aspects of the user experience. The evaluation results emphasize the need of concerning about aspects that go beyond the quality of use in mobile application design. Based on our findings, we present recommendations for designing urban mobility mobile applications that offer a satisfying and enjoyable user experience.
... To the best of authors' knowledge, there is urgent need to develop specific heuristics for usability evaluation of M-Commerce applications that can be used to test the efficiency, ease of use and user confidence associated with user interface. Some previous studies reveal that the major usability testing methods in the context of M-Commerce applications are questionnaire survey [20,60], focus group [63], observation and interview [13]. M-Commerce researchers and developers are faced with difficulties in this genre of study. ...
... The comparison is based on the concept rather than context of use of the traditional heuristics. M-Commerce applications are different and the primary goal of the developer is not to have fun or playability experience like mobile game applications but to make recurrent sales through the optimization of the website [13,54,55]. Therefore, the proposed heuristics are tailored primarily to achieve this purpose and to improve users' experience of M-Commerce applications. ...
The evaluation of M-Commerce applications is becoming a must for both business and usability professionals. Heuristics evaluation of M-Commerce application seems to be a way out, but traditional heuristics were developed without any consideration for mobile computing. Therefore, the need to have domain specific heuristics is gradually gaining popularity, which have led to the development of domain specific heuristics for M-Health, M-Games and M-Museums, among others. In the light of this, there is a literature gap for the development of domain specific heuristics for M-Commerce applications, which this study seeks to address. The study presents the set of heuristics for M-Commerce applications in a pattern that is similar to traditional heuristics, but with much emphasis on the context of use. The study serves as initial work on the development of domain specific heuristics for the evaluation of M-Commerce applications. The proposed heuristics could be of benefit to usability professionals, significantly reducing the cost and enhancing the outcome of usability evaluations in the context of
... Grande parte da pesquisa de IHC sobre comércio eletrônico é dedicada à etapa de avaliação. Algumas pesquisas [7,11,14,44,59] avaliam a conformidade dos sistemas quanto aos critérios de qualidade em IHC. Entretanto, também é possível encontrar trabalhos dedicados às atividades de design [13,18,35,55]. ...
An e-commerce system aims to support buying and selling over
the internet. Despite the strong appeal of self-service provided by
e-commerce, assisted sales (both in-person and remotely) and sales
influenced by social networks have proven to be strategic for many
retail companies. This paper presents an experience report from a
designers team developing new functionalities for a remote sales
application, as part of a partnership program between a univer-
sity and a Brazilian company VTEX specialized in administrative
and sales solutions for e-commerce businesses. This application
was initially intended for sales in physical store settings. However,
with the growing change in consumer behavior, VTEX identified
the opportunity to invest in the remote sales scenario, leverag-
ing its existing physical store sales solution. To develop the new
functionalities, various Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) and
User Experience (UX) techniques were applied within the Double
Diamond design process, such as the CSD matrix, field research,
benchmarking, support ticket analysis, interaction diagrams with
MoLIC, and high-fidelity prototypes. In this paper, we report how
each technique was applied and present the results obtained from
them. The research findings revealed numerous opportunities for
the design team to capitalize on when modeling the solution. Some
lessons learned from this case study included: placing significant
emphasis on the briefing document, objectively describing the prob-
lems to be addressed by the project team; utilizing the company’s
internal tickets as a research source about the users; creating op-
portunity banks based on research findings to help demonstrate
the value of the research to stakeholders and serve as a knowledge-
sharing tool among teams; and developing solutions that leverage
the existing structures of the current solution can assist the product
team in defending the ideas of the developed products. Finally, the
collaboration between industry and academia in this experience
report proved to be highly beneficial.
... Much of the HCI research on e-commerce is dedicated to the evaluation stage (Yang and Chiu, 2023;Chiu et al., 2023;Pu et al., 2008;Belk et al., 2014;Djamasbi et al., 2014), but it is also possible to find works dedicated to design activities (Hangrui, 2023;Monteiro and Gonçalves, 2021;de Oliveira et al., 2022). ...
This article presents the full account of a case study within VTEX, a Brazilian e-Commerce company. It reported the design challenge to conceive the functionality for importing records via a spreadsheet file. Several techniques of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) and User Experience (UX) were applied within the Double Diamond design process, such as CSD matrix, ideation techniques, user stories, interaction diagrams, prototypes. In this document, we report how each technique was applied and present the results obtained from them. The results of the prototype usability test with user representatives are also presented. Some lessons learned, from this case study, were: to keep the design process iterative, exchanging techniques whenever necessary; to involve team members so that everyone is on the same page regarding the problem and the solution; to test the solution as soon as possible while still in prototype, even if it is not with end users but with their representatives.
... This narrow perspective eludes the responsibility of the whole team towards the designed system or product (Gothelf and Seiden, 2021). UX is an essential aspect of a product, determining its quality as well as its success and durability in the future, as much as a solid architecture or decent maintainability level (Djamasbi et al., 2014;Erdös, 2019). As such, poor UX quality, like poor code quality, creates a cost that negatively affects the whole team and its productivity, since it hinders its ability to deliver high-quality customer value without time waste (Besker et al., 2019). ...
The metaphor of Technical Debt (TD) has generated a conceptual framework on factors that weaken the quality of software and accumulate a repair cost. However, user-related aspects like user experience (UX) receive little consideration among TD types, for reasons like the substantial focus on code TD, some dynamics inherent to agile processes, and an apparent lack of cumulative cost over time. This article has two main goals: first, to present evidence of the existence of UXDebt as a type of TD, with a cumulative cost for the development team as well as stakeholders; second, to propose a definition and characterization of UXDebt that may serve as a frame for further research on methods and tools for continuous management within agile processes. For the first goal, we have compiled evidence on the current state of UXDebt from three sources: a literature review, a survey among software engineering professionals in agile teams, and the analysis of UX issues in GitHub. All sources have evidenced some form of UXDebt; surveyed practitioners have recognized its poor management with a cost for the entire team that accumulates over time. Moreover, issue-tracking systems allow to visualize and measure a technical form of UXDebt. For the second goal, we have defined a conceptual model that characterizes UXDebt in terms of both technical and non-technical aspects. On the technical side, we propose the notion of UX smells which allows us to discuss concrete management activities.
... With reference to the results of performance evaluation for the PPSTC system with 10 experts from various higher education institutions, the overall performance was high. It is consistent with the study by Djamasbi et al. (2014), whose research is about the creation of business values with the mobile user experience (UX) by designing a website compatible to smaller screen sizes. The researchers measured the user experience of an actual e-commerce website before and after designing the said optimised website for mobile devices, and used Google Analytics to track the users. ...
The information system for public relations via mobile application (PPSTC system) is considered a tool to promote public relations and information perception in digital age based on the application of new ideas that can respond to and accommodate the current world situations. This research aimed to analyse and develop the PPSTC system; and assessment of the use of the PPSTC system. The participants consisted of experts from various institutions in higher education, including and teachers, staff, students of Pakpasak Technical College, and outsiders aged 17 to 25 years. The data collection tools are as follows: the PPSTC system; the effective evaluation form; the assessment form for users’ proactive perception of information; and the assessment form for users’ satisfaction. The results of the study indicated that (1) the overall performance evaluation was highly; and (2) the overall users’ perception of information and users’ satisfaction were high. Keywords: Information system, PPSTC system, mobile application, user experience, proactive perception, information perception.
... Authors like Bias and Mayhew (2005) and Djamasbi et al. (2014) have reported on organisations that have benefitted financially from incorporating UX design into their system development process. According to Turner (2011), organisations can follow two important steps when measuring ROI in UX design. ...
Incorporating user experience (UX) design into system development processes can give an organisation a competitive advantage over its rivals. Embedding UX design into system development processes requires investment in skilled professionals, who in turn, follow a methodical process to make UX design an integral part of the organisation. Despite the value that can be added by UX design, demonstrating the return on investment (ROI) in UX design remains a perennial challenge because of the difficulty associated with explicitly linking UX design with good ROI, to the exclusion of other system development processes. This paper reports on the emerging perspectives on measuring ROI in UX design in a selection of South African organisations. Interviews were conducted with 33 UX professionals from four organisations to get insight into how ROI in UX design is measured in their respective organisations. The results showed that some participants were aware of the metrics that could be used to measure ROI in UX design. However, none of the four organisations were specifically calculating ROI in UX. Rather, ROI was being calculated on an entire project.
... With several choices of merchants available on the internet, bounce rate is an important indicator since it counts the percentage of visitor that leave the site after viewing only one page (Marek, 2011). Given the increased penetration of mobile and mobile internet, studies have shown that designing websites that fit various screen sizes could enhance mobile user experience, which then increase unique page views and reduce bounce rate (Djamasbi, et al., 2014). Therefore, webpage design should factor in mobile user experience so that visitors would stay longer and eventually spend. ...
The digital revolution has permeated and reconstituted innovation in recent years – from production to consumption, marketing and farmgate to the dinner table, and from bales to fabric and fashion. The way we communicate, dress, drive or perform rituals such as grooming, have all changed. Artificial intelligence has permeated the retail sector: from financial services to fashion, from travel to accommodation booking systems, smart chatbots, propensity modelling and marketing automation abound. Even your regular visit to the barbers or non-traditional medicine like acupuncture delivery are affected. The purpose of this article is to introduce contributions of digital and everything in-between to the rapidly changing landscape of business and management.
... Além de contribuir no processo, as metodologias UX podem se tornar verdadeiras engrenagens na engenharia de desenvolvimento do software em questão, convertendo-se em sua principal estrutura. Estudos mostram evidências de que as pequenas empresas têm entendido a importância da experiência do usuário (UX) no desenvolvimento de seus produtos e serviços [14] [18]. ...
Collective intelligence is an interdisciplinary topic that has been explored by different areas of knowledge, like information systems, being a common practice of knowledge exchange through new forms of organization and flexible coordination in real time. Crowdsourcing emerges in this context as an act of externalizing, through the Internet, a task traditionally done internally in the organization for an undefined (and often large) group of people. However, one of the challenges found in this model is how users select and interact with available tasks for execution. Therefore, this work presents a prototype task recommendation system tool, with user experience-oriented design (UX), called CrowdRec, executed through the Google Ventures Design Studio method in conjunction with the Quant-UX tool. To evaluate the results, the TAM analysis with a five-point Likert scale was used. The results show positive interactions in the prototype.
... It could also be expressed in terms of time spent on site (e.g., users who spend five seconds or less on the site) irrespective of the number of pages they view. Djamasbi et al. (2014), underline the negative effects of bounce-rate on potential users' engagement in web sites. Krause and Coates (2008) reports regulated measurement of learner engagement from a largescale study of first year undergraduate learners in Australian universities. ...
This Open Praxis issue in volume 11 includes eight research papers
... It could also be expressed in terms of time spent on site (e.g., users who spend five seconds or less on the site) irrespective of the number of pages they view. Djamasbi et al. (2014), underline the negative effects of bounce-rate on potential users' engagement in web sites. Krause and Coates (2008) reports regulated measurement of learner engagement from a largescale study of first year undergraduate learners in Australian universities. ...
The literature is considerably rich about engagement and academic achievement in the context of open and distance learning. However, there is limited research that investigates these variables with large scale participants. In this regard, the aim of this research was to investigate causal correlations between e-learning engagement time and academic achievement of open and distance learners according to course subject, dropout, and bounce rate variables. The participants of this study were 323,264 open and distance learners from Anadolu University, Turkey. Throughout this research, open and distance learners’ engagement time levels and their academic achievements are compared. Academic achievement was found to increase significantly when learners engaged more with e-learning materials.
... Due to the importance of UX there have been many kinds of research trying to find an explicit way of designing for UX. We learned from research that paying attention to user experience plays a significant role in business competition [8]. ...
With the sudden increase in the number of mobile device users, more mobile-based services providing applications are needed. Since various marketing strategies have been used for decades as a very effective means in many traditional commerce systems, today people are looking for innovative solutions to enhance the user’s experience in the wireless world. Recently, the mobile industry began to pay more attention to the applications in providing services online because the apps do not only provide an easy and simple method to present diverse services data at the same place, but also improve mobile user experience by some studies which make the development process more flexible. This paper first discusses user experience (UX) concept and then classifications, types of services provided in the proposed application which creates a successful user-centered design. The proposed application includes an initial interface for registration (either as a customer or as a service provider) and then with the help of Google Map, the customer can access services close to his or her location. Moreover, the paper
... UX researchers have been developing and adapting research methods, design guidelines, and tools to address the challenges and opportunities of mobile devices (e.g., Binti Ayob, Hussin, & Dahlan, 2009;De Sá & Carriço, 2006;De Sá, Carriço, Duarte, & Reis, 2008;Inostroza, Rusu, Roncagliolo, & Rusu, 2013;Kjeldskov & Stage, 2004;Lee & Grice, 2004). Mobile UX research has been seen across different domains, fields, and contexts (e.g., Arhippainen & Tähti, 2003;Arning, Ziefle, Li, & Kobbelt, 2012;Djamasbi et al., 2014;Gong & Tarasewich, 2004;Kukulska-Hulme, 2007;Medhi, Ratan, & Toyama, 2009;Stoyanov et al., 2015). In the religious domain, there have been some studies that sought to investigate the UX of religious mobile applications (e.g., Al-Aidaroos, Mutalib, Zulkifli, & AbuHassira, 2013; Wyche et al., 2008). ...
The Hajj pilgrimage is one of the largest annual events in the world. Each year, millions of Muslims visit the holy sites in Makkah. While Hajj mobile applications that help pilgrims perform Hajj activities efficiently are gaining popularity, little has been done to investigate pilgrims’ needs and their experiences of these applications. During the 2017 Hajj season, we conducted a study to investigate the needs and experiences of Hajj mobile service users. We used a questionnaire to investigate the need for 20 Hajj mobile features and found that maps (particularly offline maps) were the most needed feature. We also interviewed 16 pilgrims to investigate user experience (UX) of Hajj mobile applications. Three major themes emerged from our qualitative analysis of the perceptions reported by our participants: UX problems with the current mobile applications, the importance level of application features, and opportunities for improving the UX of applications. We relate these themes to specific implications for designing a better UX of mobile applications used for Hajj and its related domain (religion) and to applications for use in similar contexts (e.g., crowd and movement situations).
... According to Kujala, Roto, Väänänen-Vainio-Mattila, Karapanos, and Sinnelä (2011), the purpose of UX is to produce a general positive utility experience to the user, usage simplicity and pleasure that can be obtained through active interaction with the display, which produces the satisfaction level of utility. Hence, creating a positive experience becomes necessary demand in retaining a competitive edge (Djamasbi et al., 2014), especially in the design of mobile UI. ...
Personalization of the user interface (UI) to certain individuals’ characteristics is crucial for ensuring satisfaction with the service. Unfortunately, the attention in most UI personalization methods have been shifted from being behavioral-personalization to self-personalization. Practically, we explored the potential of linking users’ personality dimensions with their design preferences to shape the design of an interface. It is assumed that such design may effectively promote users’ satisfaction with the service. A total of 87 participants were used to design the UI for certain personality types, and 50 students were used to evaluate their satisfaction with the UI. The results that UI designed based on the users’ personality characteristics helped to stimulate their satisfaction in a mobile learning context. This study offers a new way for customizing the design of the interface based on the correlational link between individuals’ preferences and the structure of personality characteristics.
... Studies have shown evidences that small enterprises have been understanding the importance of User Experience (UX) in the development of products [6,9]. At the Brazilian market, small enterprises are responsible for more than 50% of jobs positions in the country. ...
The role of small and medium enterprises (SME), especially small businesses, has significantly increased in the developing of interactive applications. Given the relevance of these companies in the market, the adoption of usability and user experience (UX) practices in these organizations is fundamental for the improvement of interactive systems. This paper performed a survey with 26 Brazilian small businesses of software about their Usability and UX practices. The results showed that Usability Tests and Heuristic Evaluation were the evaluation methods most frequently reported to be used by the surveyed companies. Although the results suggest an improvement in the adoption of usability and UX practices, they also show the need for significant improvement in training and awareness of the importance of usability and UX and appropriating techniques and practices in the context of small businesses. Our results showed a low use of accessibility evaluation methods, such as tests with disabled users (no mention) or even the use of automated tools to check initial aspects of accessibility (mentioned by only 3.85% of respondents) by the companies surveyed. It also showed that the companies surveyed relies many times on professionals of low experience for the conduction of Usability Tests and Heuristic Evaluation.
... However, one common issue preventing business practitioners from recognizing the value of UX is that they do not distinguish functional (or pragmatic) value from hedonic value [3]. A growing body of research acknowledges that paying attention to UX plays a major role in business competition [4], [3], [13]. Morville [12] stresses that formulating strategy without embracing UX can be costly, and practitioners can no long afford to neglect UX. ...
While good user experience (UX) can be seen to provide competitive advantage for the company and added value to users, resources for achieving UX may often be lacking in software startups. Furthermore, in different phases of business and product development process, concentrating on the focal things can be challenging. In this study, we investigated the factors affecting UX work in startups as well as UX goals startups set for their products. Furthermore, we reviewed the goals in terms of the Minimum Viable UX framework as well as value creation aspects. We present qualitative results of a survey study with 20 software startups as well as findings of a literature review. Our study suggests that while startups aim to provide products with good usability, the lack of a more comprehensive approach to UX can hinder their value creation; affecting both user satisfaction and business success. As a result, this may affect the successful implementation of startup's business model.
... A key result from such studies is that users follow an "Fshaped" reading pattern for web sites, looking primarily at the left and the top of a screen and often missing information on the right or the bottom, especially if that requires scrolling [13]. Eye-tracking has been used with mobile devices, e.g., [14][15], but often in studies examining using mobile devices to access web sites. ...
The metaphor of technical debt (TD) has generated a conceptual framework on factors that weaken the quality of software and accumulate a repair cost. However, user-related aspects like user experience (UX) receive little consideration among TD types, for reasons like the substantial focus on code TD, some dynamics inherent to agile processes, and an apparent lack of cumulative cost over time. This article has two main goals: first, to present evidence of the existence of UXDebt as a type of TD, with a cumulative cost for the development team as well as stakeholders; second, to propose a definition and characterization of UXDebt that may serve as a frame for further research on methods and tools for continuous management within agile processes. For the first goal, we have compiled evidence on the current state of UXDebt from three sources: a literature review, a survey among software engineering professionals in agile teams, and the analysis of UX issues in GitHub. All sources have evidenced some form of UXDebt; surveyed practitioners have recognized its poor management with a cost for the entire team that accumulates over time. Moreover, issue tracking systems allow to visualize and measure a technical form of UXDebt. For the second goal, we have defined a conceptual model that characterizes UXDebt in terms of both technical and non-technical aspects. On the technical side, we propose the notion of UX smells which allows us to discuss concrete management activities.
User experience (UX) is an important quality in differentiating products. For a product team, it is a challenge to develop a good positive user experience. A common UX vision for the product team supports the team in making goal-oriented decisions regarding the user experience. This paper presents an approach to developing a shared UX vision. This UX vision is developed by the product team while a collaborative session. To validate our approach, we conducted a first validation study. In this study, we conducted a collaborative session with two groups and a total of 37 participants. The group of participants comprised product managers, UX designers and comparable professional profiles. At the end of the collaborative session, participants had to fill out a questionnaire. Through questions and observations, we identified ten good practices and four bad practices in the application of our approach to developing a UX vision. The top 3 good practices mentioned by the
participants include the definition of decision-making procedures (G1), determining the UX vision with the team (G2), and using general factors of the UX as a basis (G3). The top 3 bad practices are: providing too little time for the development of the UX vision (B1), not providing clear cluster designations (B2) and working without user data (B3). The results show that the present approach for developing a UX vision helps to promote a shared understanding of the intended UX in a quickly and simply way.
Co-supervised undergraduate thesis for the Bachelor's Degree in Computer Science at the Federal University of Ceará (UFC) - Campus Crateús // Resumo: Com foco em mercados inteiros ao invés de desenvolver software sob medida para clientes específicos, as startups com modelos de negócios baseados em produtos digitais para aplicativos móveis reforçam a relevância da mobile User Experience (UX) como reflexo da qualidade e sucesso para um negócio escalável. No entanto, devido à natureza dinâmica e incerta das startups, presencia-se uma dificuldade recorrente em equilibrar a entrega de valor aos usuários consonante à um processo sistemático de avaliação e melhoria de UX. Mesmo com a reconhecida relevância por parte da academia e indústria de software, ainda se constata uma escassez de pesquisas empíricas sobre mobile UX no segmento de startups. Diante desse contexto, esta pesquisa assume um caminho metodológico qualitativo sob a forma de um estudo de caso único e instrumental visando investigar qual a percepção do time de uma startup em estágio de scale-up sobre a adoção do Questionário de Experiência do Usuário em complemento ao uso da técnicaAnálise Hierárquica de Tarefas para avaliação e melhoria de mobile UX. Quanto aos resultados, foi possível obter um diagnóstico multimétodo e empírico acerca da percepção do time a partir de quatro perspectivas analíticas: i) comparação com o processo prévio, ii) dificuldades encontradas, iii) lições aprendidas e iv) expectativas almejadas. Como principais contribuições, destaca-se a oportunidade de avançar na compreensão das particularidades da avaliação e melhoria de mobileUX no contexto de uma startup em scale-up, bem como o compartilhamento de reflexões que podem ser úteis para outras startups.
The usability of Mobile commerce (M-commerce) websites is a key parameter in determining the success of M-commerce businesses. Literature shows that numerous M-commerce websites have failed to attract customers due to the poor usability of user interfaces. In order to offer superior quality shopping experiences to consumers, it is thus essential to determine the appropriate attributes of successful user interfaces as well as the evaluation methods which should be employed to measure them.
The available research resources consulted contained few references to usability evaluation, the identification of appropriate attributes as well as evaluation methods to be used for M-commerce applications. Consequently, the researcher proposes a new usability model for M-commerce websites to determine the suitability of attributes to be included in the proposed model for M-commerce websites. This research work aims to address the imbalance in literature by determining the appropriate attributes of the proposed usability model for usability evaluations of M-commerce applications.
In an effort to validate the proposed usability model, an appropriate method to assess usability was formulated to evaluate existing M-commerce websites. The inappropriate application of usability methods will result in major usability problems which will, in turn, negatively impact users’ experiences. To facilitate improved M-commerce user experiences, this study set out to determine appropriate attributes of usability model as well as formulate a domain-specific usability evaluation method to ascertain the usability of said websites.
The research work applied a combination of a user-based evaluation method and the proposed domain-specific evaluation method to evaluate the usability of four selected M-commerce websites. The outcomes of the study, which aided in the development of a framework for the usability evaluation of M-commerce websites, highlighted the effectiveness of the methods. Therefore, the proposed framework will prove useful to both new, and well-established M-commerce providers, as it will help guide usability professionals as to which evaluation method to choose for a specific usability problem area when evaluating the usability of M-commerce websites.
With advances in mobile technologies, storytelling has gone from offline to online and from online to mobile. Each change is not merely a gear change, but indeed a game change. Against this backdrop, how to enhance mobile storytelling is worth further exploring. To join the global efforts in this exploration, this chapter proposed a unique integrated approach, that is, to integrate traditional and innovative elements, to leverage storytelling evolution, and to maximize experience in mobile storytelling.
To really sell the value of User Centered Design (UCD) research you must be able to demonstrate the return on investment (ROI) to your company. A strong case study is one of the best ways to educate the organization about the need for end to end research.
Strong case studies to sell the value of User Centered Design (UCD) research and get a better return on investment (ROI).
A six-stage (enticed, entertained, engaged, empowered, enlightened, and enhanced) approach was proposed to offer stage-specific comparison of different components of mobile experience. Equipped with the proposed six-stage approach to mobile experience, this chapter compares mobile experience through a 3M process: mapping, measuring, and modeling. Combining the six-stage approach, the 3M process and the gap focus, a factor-stage-dimension framework was recommended to provide an overall guidance for generating some possible patterns to explain and predict changes and trends in mobile experience. Within the user experience framework, what distinguishes mobile experience from user experience is its ubiquitous and unique interaction, personalization, and immersion. Due to diversified political, social, economic, and cultural differences on the macro level, and differences in mobile uses, processes and effects on the micro level in different countries, mobile experience differs from country to country.
The authors present an Open Source JavaFX skin, AeroFX, which is similar to the look and feel of Microsoft Windows 7.
Oracle announced to change the standard technology for graphical development of user interfaces away from Swing, which raised a strong response in the developer community. JavaFX is the announced successor of Swing, but it lacks the capability of developing user interfaces with a different look and feel than Modena, the default JavaFX skin. This look and feel can be customized with so called “skins”, which Oracle announced not to develop themselves.
User experience practitioners have benefitted from the availability of usability measures that are short, generalizable, and easy to interpret, such as the System Usability Scale. However, such generalizable instruments fail to address many of the key characteristics of software applications that can be used across a range of mobile devices. Our response is development of MUX, a mobile user experience instrument that provides holistic assessment of specific software-device use scenarios. We find that MUX self-report scales assessing Nuisance, Mobility, and Access can be applied to effectively augment measures of the System Usability Scale or can be used as a standalone instrument for rating and comparing user experiences in mobile computing.
Material original autorizado para su primera publicación en la revista académica REDMARKA. Revista Este documento recopila, a través de una revisión bibliográfica, los fundamentos del neuromarketing, desde la neurociencia del consumidor, para la generación de confianza a través de los medios sociales digitales. Concluye con tres principios aplicables en Neuromarketing para la generación de confianza; sensaciones de compra inteligente, influencia de la recomendación y contenidos de empatía que incluso puedan generar acciones colectivas.
This document compiles literature review from consumer neuroscience field
applied to neuromarketing to generate trust within digital social media content. It
concludes with three principles to be applied in Neuromarketing in order to
generate trust through digital social media; smart purchase feeling,
recommendation influence and empathy content which may even generate
collective actions.
Research provides ample evidence of the impact web page design has on comprehension; and that Generation Y users are impatient and dislike reading text. Yet there has been little research that focuses on content, in particular to examine the impact of text simplification on younger users’ processing of textual information. To address this need, we report the initial steps of a larger research effort that focuses on developing a set of guidelines for designing simple and effective text passages. Specifically, we compiled a set of existing plain language rules and tested its effectiveness of conveying information to Generation Y users. The results suggest the compiled set of rules can serve as an appropriate tool for designing textual passages to reduce cognitive effort and improve readability of textual content for Generation Y users. Also, the results show that eye tracking serves as an excellent objective measurement for examining the effectiveness of text simplification.
Five questionnaires for assessing the usability of a website were compared in a study with 123 participants. The questionnaires studied were SUS, QUIS, CSUQ, a variant of Microsoft's Product Reaction Cards, and one that we have used in our Usability Lab for several years. Each participant performed two tasks on each of two websites: finance.yahoo.com and kiplinger.com. All five questionnaires revealed that one site was significantly preferred over the other. The data were analyzed to determine what the results would have been at different sample sizes from 6 to 14. At a sample size of 6, only 30-40% of the samples would have identified that one of the sites was significantly preferred. Most of the data reach an apparent asymptote at a sample size of 12, where two of the questionnaires (SUS and CSUQ) yielded the same conclusion as the full dataset at least 90% of the time.
Usability does not exist in any absolute sense; it can only be defined with reference to particular contexts. This, in turn, means that there are no absolute measures of usability, since, if the usability of an artefact is defined by the context in which that artefact is used, measures of usability must of necessity be defined by that context too. Despite this, there is a need for broad general measures which can be used to compare usability across a range of contexts. In addition, there is a need for "quick and dirty" methods to allow low cost assessments of usability in industrial systems evaluation. This chapter describes the System Usability Scale (SUS) a reliable, low-cost usability scale that can be used for global assessments of systems usability.
Generation Y (age 18–31) is a very large and economically powerful generation, containing eighty-two million people and spending $200 billion annually. It is not surprising that companies are interested in gaining the patronage of this group, particularly via the web. Surprisingly, very little research into making web pages appealing to this important demographic has been done. This paper addresses this need through two separate studies. The first, an online survey, provides evidence that our proposed score for predicting the visual appeal of web pages reflects the self report measure of what pages Generation Y likes. To refine these findings, an eye tracking study is conducted using the pages that were most and least liked in Study I. Participants’ eye movement is tracked while browsing these pages, providing evidence of what attracts their attention. The results of these two studies suggest that Generation Y may prefer pages that include a main large image, images of celebrities, little text, and a search feature. This research has important implications.
This chapter presents a set of seven case studies. Each case study illustrates how online usability studies have been used in a wide variety of situations, including important lessons learned and impacts to the bottom line. These case studies also describe how online usability testing has been used to evaluate a wide variety of products, utilizing various tools and numbers of participants. The contributors are from industry and consulting and were selected based on their diverse set of experiences in online usability testing. The aim is to make the readers understand how online usability studies are carried out in a variety of professional settings. The products evaluated through the seven case studies are public health records (Microsoft Vault vs. Google), Lotus Notes, MTV.com, UCSF hospital Website, tax software, Familysearch.org, and authentication and identity management system for Dupont.
The baby boom generation, born from 1946 to 1964, and Generation Y, born from 1977 to 1990, form two important groups of online users in terms of numbers and economic impact. Understanding their Web preferences is of great importance to companies, particularly because the literature suggests that these generations may differ in how they view Web pages and in what they find visually pleasing. To this end, a laboratory experiment examined users' reactions to a set of home pages. Users' reactions were captured using self-report measures and eye tracking, which recorded fixations. Overall, both generations reported similar aesthetic preferences, and both generations preferred pages that had images and little text. However, the two generations also displayed different online viewing behavior and preferences. For instance, eye-tracking data revealed that baby boomers had significantly more fixations and that their fixations covered more of the pages (e. g., headers, main body, sidebars) than those of Generation Yers. In addition, baby boomers reported a significantly higher tolerance for having more Web components on a page. These results suggest that Generation Yers will be more likely than baby boomers to miss key information if a Web page fails to present that information using a limited number of clear focal points that are located above the fold of the page. The relationship observed between viewing behavior and visual appeal supports the importance of aesthetics in usability research. Moreover, this research suggests that companies targeting either generation could benefit from being mindful of the visual appeal of their Web site.
Usability experts and researchers alike have largely ignored the aesthetics dimension of human-computer interaction. This paper argues that aesthetics should be conceived as an integral part of in-formation technology (IT) just as it is in other aspects of our lives. Four reasons are provided for this premise. (1) In many cases, aesthetics becomes a major differentiating factor between IT products. (2) Our evaluations of the environment, including IT, are primarily visual and thus are susceptible to im-mediate and sustainable aesthetic impressions. (3) Aesthetics satisfies basic human needs, and human needs are increasingly supplied by information technology. (4) Aesthetic considerations are becoming increasingly important and pervasive in our society, in large part thanks to IT.
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