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Effect of serum cholesterol reduction by soy protein hydrolyzate with bound phospholipids (c-SPHP) in tablet form
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the serum cholesterol lowering effects of soy protein hydrolyzate with bound phospholipids (c-SPHP) in tablet form, a randomized double blind placebo-controlled study in mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects was carried out over a twelve-week period. Methods: Subjects were Japanese adult volunteers with mild hypercholesterol. Seventy-five subjects were randomly divided into three groups and each group was given c-SPHP tablet at the dose of 0, 1.5, or 3g per day, respectively. Placebo group received casein hydrolyzate tablets. Tablets were given twice daily. The study consisted of a one-week pre-testing period, a twelve-week testing period, followed by a four-week post-testing period. Results: After twelve weeks of tablet ingestion, serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels of c-SPHP-tablet (3g per day) group (n = 25) decreased significantly compared with the placebo group (n = 25) and from the initial level (p < 0.05). No significant difference in HDL-cholesterol level was observed throughout the study. Conclusions: This study suggests that tablet form of c-SPHP (3g per day), has remarkable effects to reduce serum cholesterol levels in mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects.
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The supplementation of egg yolk phospholipid (PL) containing phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to a cholesterol-free purified diet causes a reduction in the serum cholesterol level in rats [J. Nutr., 112, 1805 (1982)]. The present study was carried out to determine if dietary egg yolk PL also exerts this hypocholesterolemic action in rats given a high cholesterol diet and if this action is influenced by the constituent fatty acids. Egg yolk PL suppressed the elevation of serum cholesterol irrespective of its fatty acid composition, while purified PC had no effect, suggesting that the ethanolamine portion is responsible for this hypocholesterolemic effect. Egg yolk PL and PC containing longer-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids) lowered the serum triglyceride level, while their hydrogenated forms did not. The present results, therefore, indicate that the hypolidemic effect of dietary egg yolk PL can be modulated by the combination of the constituent fatty acids as well as the base moieties. This hypolipidemic effect, however, appeared not to be related to the activities of adipocyte lipoprotein lipase and serum lecithin: Cholesterol acyltransferase. © 1989 by the Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry.
Either purified soya phosphatidylcholine (lecithin) or triacylglycerol (corn oil) were fed to rats on a diet containing 0.5% cholesterol. The diets contained similar amounts of linoleic acid. The effects of the two preparations on (a) serum cholesterol concentrations, (b) fatty acid profiles, (c) HMG-CoA reductase activity, (d) cholesterol absorption, and (e) faecal excretion of neutral sterols are compared. Some comparisons are also made with diets containing saturated triacylglycerol (lard) and no additional fats other than cholesterol. Serum cholesterol levels were less markedly raised on the lecithin diet, compared with the corn oil or lard diets. Evidence is presented that lecithin reduces the absorption of dietary cholesterol and also increases the excretion of neutral sterols. Our results suggest that soya lecithin is a more potent hypocholesterolaemic agent than corn oil.
1. The hypocholesterolæmic effect of soya-bean protein compared with that of casein, when fed at 200 g/kg diet for 3 weeks, was studied in rats.
2. Using a cholesterol-free low-fat (10 g maize oil/kg) diet, the hypocholesterolæmic effect was demonstrated not only with soya-bean protein but also with an amino acid mixture simulating this protein. The addition of lysine to these diets did not modify their intrinsic effects on serum cholesterol.
3. By feeding the vegetable protein or its amino acid mixture, both high-density-lipoprotein-and very-low-density-lipoprotein plus low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol decreased to a similar extent, and the concentration of serum apolipoprotein A-I decreased and that of apolipoprotein B increased.
4. Although rats given soya-bean protein excreted more neutral and acidic steroids, the difference disappeared when the amino acid mixture was fed, indicating that the hypocholesterolæmic effect of the vegetable protein is not ascribed only to the increased elimination of steroids.
5. It is likely that the difference in the amino acid composition between animal and vegetable proteins is in fact responsible for the different response of serum cholesterol.