No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the authors.
A comprehensive review on Trivrit [Operculina Turpethum syn. Ipomoea Turpethum]
Abstract
Trivrit (Operculina turpethum syn. Ipomoea turpethum) is commonly used since centuries in Ayurvedic system of Medicine to treat fevers, edema, ascites, anorexia, constipation, hepatosplenomegaly, intoxication, haemorrhoids, fistula, anemia, obesity, abdominal tumors, ulcers/wounds, worm infestation, pruritus and other skin disorders. It is the best amongst the herbs used for Virechana (i.e. therapeutic purgation), one of the procedures of Ayurvedic Panchakarma therapy. This review comprehensively incorporates the phramacognosy, medicinal uses, and pharmacology of O. turpethum. Few preclinical studies done on Operculina turpethum have shown that it possesses anti-inflammatory, anticancer, cytotoxic, antisecretory, ulcer protective, hepatoprotective, & antibacterial activities. Some preliminary clinical studies have reported laxative, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-helminthic and anti-arthritic effects of its crude root powder. The herb merits further research as it may be a source of potential anticancer and anti-rheumatic agent(s). As the plant Operculina turpethum is endangered, also prompt attention needs to be given to protect it from extinction.
... In India the family is represented by 177species belonging to 20 genera [1] . It is native to Asia (India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Shri Lanka, China, Taiwan, Myanmar, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, & Philippines), Africa (Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Madagascar, Mauritius & Reunion) & Australia while is naturalised in West Indies [2] . It is large Perennial twinner with milky juice [3][4][5][6] . ...
... Corolla is white 3.8-5cm long, subcampanulate. Anthers 8mm long, narrowly oblong, cordate, capsules 13-8mm diameter, globose, enclosed in the enlarged brittle, very imbricate sepals, glabrous or faintly pubescent [2] . Turbud [3,4] , ...
... Mushil-e-Balgham, Mukhrij-e-balgham, Daaf-e-hummiyat-eharah, Munaffis-ebalgham, Mudir-e-bol, Daf-e-wajaulmafasil [10] , Munaqqi-e-Dimagh [8] , Mushil, Mulayyin [13,3] v) Istemal (Therapeutic Uses) Istisqa, WajaulMafasil, IrqunNIsa, Laqwa, Falij, Sual, Zeequn-Nafas, Junoon, Sara [14] bawaseer, niqras, melancholia [15] vi) Mazarrat (Toxicity) For intestines [16] vii) Musleh (Corrective) Roasted in Roghan e badam [10,17] viii) Badal (Substitute) Beekh e toot, [10] Ghareeqoon [10,17] kaaladana [17] ix) Miqdar e khurak (Dosage) 3-5gm [10] x) Majoon-e-Najah [14] 6. Pharmacological Actions Anthelmintic, Purgative, Antipyretic [4,18] , Expectorant, Carminative [18] , Cathartic [6] 7. Chemical constituents It contains resin known as turpethin present in root bark, glucoside, jalapine, convolvuli insoluble in ether, benzene, and carbon sulphide. It also contains some ether soluble resin, volatile oil, yellow colouring matter, albumin, starch, lignin, salts, ferric oxide [3] , Turpethinicacids A, B, C, D and E [2,4] glycosides, saponins, flavanoids, steroids and carbohydrates, starch, glucoside, scopoleptin, triterpenes (etulinic acid, betulin, and lupeol), sitosterol glucose and rhamnose [14] . ...
Turbud (Operculina turpethum (L.) Silva Manso) belongs to family Convolvulaceae, is a Potent and well-known medicinal herb, used in Unani system of medicine to treat various ailments. The word Turbud is considered to be coined from its Sanskrit name Tripatak meaning triangulated as its stems are triangulated. It is large Perennial twinner with milky juice. Roots are long, slender, fleshy, much branched. In classical text it is mentioned that the Turbud which is white in colour, light weighted and having resin on both ends is of good quality. In unani system of medicine its main actions are expectorant and laxative and used in several diseases like arthritis, ascites, gout, hemiplegia etc. According to Avicenna use of Turbud along with zinjabeel is more efficacious. It has been used as an important component in many compound formulations such as ItrifalUstu-khud'dus, Itrifal Zamani, Itrifal Muqil, Itrifal Mulaiyyin. The major chemical constituents present in it are turpethin, glucoside, jalapine, convolvulin etc. Operculina turpethum Linn. is validated for its different pharmacological action like anti-inflammatory effect, ulcer protective. The present review comprehensively embodied its phytochemical, pharmacological and pharmacognostical, description.
... The distribution of this plant is randomly found in tropical regions of India, America, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, China, Philippines, Bangladesh, Madagascar, Mauritania, and Africa. [1] The root bark of the plant contains a glycosidic resin, which has the insoluble glycoside turpethein. It also contains a large number of secondary metabolites including saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, and phenolics as well as some amount of essential oil, glucose and fructose. ...
... [2] Chemical constituents of OT are resins, a mixture of αand β-turpethein, glycosides, coumarins, scopoletin, saponins flavonoids, steroids, and carbohydrates. [1,[3][4][5] It comprises a wide variety of phytoconstituents including glycosidic resin, coumarin, beta-sitosterol, reducing sugars, and essential oils, which are helpful for the treatment of various ailments/ diseases. [5][6][7][8] Since it implies as a potent medicinal plant, it is also employed for several medicinal purposes. ...
... [2] CONCLUSION In the present investigation, a set of bioactive compounds and its pharmacological activities was given on OT plant according to review literature. The preliminary phytochemical investigation reported the presence of glycosides (scopoletin, turpethinic acids [A-E]), terpenoids (lupeol, betulin), reducing sugars, alkaloids, saponins, steroids, tannins, flavonoids, coumarins, and operculinosides A-D (1)(2)(3)(4) in different extracts of OT. The plant was found to have encouraging antimicrobial, antihepatic, antinephrotoxic, antiulcer, antidiarrheal, antidiabetic, cytotoxic, analgesic, anti-arthritic, and anti-inflammatory activities. ...
Operculina turpethum (Linn.) (OT) Silva Manso belongs to the family Convolvulaceae. This review incorporates literature for the phytochemical and pharmacological profile of OT herb. Exhaustive literature survey was done using all the details on phytochemistry and pharmacology of OT available. This herb was found to be a potent source of bioactive compounds such as α- and β-turpethein, turpethinic acids (A, B, C, D, and E), coumarins, cycloartenol, lanosta-5-ene, 24-methylene-δ-5-lanosterol, α- and β-rhamnose, β-sitosterol, lupeol, scopoletin, betulin, acrylamide, stigma-5,22dien-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, β-sitosterol-β-D-glucoside (H-1), 22,23-dihydro-α-spinosterol-β-D-glucoside (H-2), and salicylic acid (CH-2), which are useful in fevers, edema, ascites, anorexia, constipation, hepatosplenomegaly, hemorrhoids, cervical lymphadenitis, fistulas, constipation, chronic gout, fever, bronchitis, ulcers, hemorrhoids, tumors, obesity, jaundice, herpes, induce lacrimation, and other skin disorders. From the aerial parts of OT, four new dammarane-type saponins that are operculinosides A-D (1-4) were isolated that showed particular hepatoprotective activities. All the compounds are reported to possess pharmacological properties such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, hepatoprotective, anti-arthritic, ulcer protective, antidiarrheal, antidiabetic, and cytotoxic properties. © 2017 Pharmacognosy Reviews | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow.
... In Ayurveda, Trivrit has been included in the group of 'ten purgative herbs' (Bhedaniya Mahakashaya), group of 'ten antidote herbs' (Vishaghna Mahakashaya), group of 'ten herbs supportive for therapeutic enema' (Ashthapanopag Mahakashaya), group of 'colon cleanser, antitumor and antidote herbs' (Shyamadi Gana), and in the group of 'herbs eliminating the toxins (vitiated Doshas) from lower half of the body' (Adhobhagahar Gana). 6 Root bark of Trivrit is typically administered in powder form with number of anupans (vehicles) such as fermented rice water (Kanji), milk, cereal water, Triphala, black pepper, sugarcane juice, cow's urine, goat's urine, sheep's urine etc. as a therapeutic purgative agent for the treatment of GI disorders, skin disorders, ascites and various cancers. 6 Kaishore guggulu is one of the most famous Ayurvedic formulation that is used traditionally to support healthy joints, muscles and connective tissue. ...
... 6 Root bark of Trivrit is typically administered in powder form with number of anupans (vehicles) such as fermented rice water (Kanji), milk, cereal water, Triphala, black pepper, sugarcane juice, cow's urine, goat's urine, sheep's urine etc. as a therapeutic purgative agent for the treatment of GI disorders, skin disorders, ascites and various cancers. 6 Kaishore guggulu is one of the most famous Ayurvedic formulation that is used traditionally to support healthy joints, muscles and connective tissue. Kaishore guggulu is used in the treatment of pitta aggravated patients and muscle pain. ...
The present study was undertaken to validate the concept of chronopharmacology and assess the infl uence of
different seasons on gastric secretions by operculina turpethum in pylorus ligated rats. The Ayurvedic drug is
widely used by the practitioners of the system for managing GI disorders. The antiulcer effect of O.turpethum
100 mg/kg given orally was compared with reference drug lansoprazole 30mg/kg. The studies spanned for all the
6 seasons (‘Ritus’) of the year viz., Vasant ritu, Grishma ritu etc. Adult albino rats of either sex weighing between
180–220 g were used for investigation. Various biochemical parameters like volume of HCl, pH, free acidity,
total acidity and ulcer index were recorded in comparison with standard lansoprazole. The studies indicated
statistically signifi cant difference by Dunnet-t test between standard and test. The acid secretion for different
“Ritus” varied signifi cantly and similarly the gastro protection of O. turpethum and lansoprazole also varied over
different seasons. The studies reveal management of hyperacidity and ulcers can be done more effectively with
variation of doses in different seasons. Thus, minimizing drugging and optimizing cost effectiveness and imparting
a safe and effi cacious treatment with less of unwanted effects.
Keywords: Operculina. turpethum, Trivrit, St. Thomas Lidpod, Pylorus ligation, Lansoprazole.
... Operculina turpethum is an en dangered specie s (Kohli et al. 2010 ). ...
... dies, I. turpethum has been shown to possess anti-infl ammatory, anticancer, cytotoxic, antisecretory, ulcer protective, hepatoprotective and antibacterial activities, whereas in a number of clinical studies its root powder has been reported to demonstrate signifi cant laxative, antiinfl ammatory, analgesic, anthelmintic and anti-arthritic effects (Kohli et al . 2010 ). ...
Abstract
Unani medicine is one of the oldest systems of traditional medicines practised in different parts of the world especially in Indian subcontinent and Arab countries. It is serving the mankind from centuries by alleviating ailments through drugs derived from natural resources. Although drugs from plant, animal and mineral sources are used in this system, but the drugs of plant origin are employed more commonly. Along with other drugs, a number of climbers have also been included in its repository. These climbers are used in a number of pathological conditions since many centuries, and the practitioners of this traditional medicine have reported very good therapeutic results as some of the drugs have been found to ameliorate many chronic and life-threatening diseases. Many of the climbers described to be medicinally useful in Unani literature have been validated scientifically by the researchers and reported to possess interesting pharmacological effects such as antidiabetic, antiulcer, anti-HIV, antitumour, anti-arthritic, nootropic etc. Present paper gives a brief account of 22 climbers of medicinal importance that are frequently used in traditional medicine (especially Unani medicine) to manage various acute and chronic diseases.
Keywords
Climbers Medicinal plants Pharmacology Therapeutic uses Unani medicine
... Operculina turpethum (L) Silva Manso (Trivrit) is a vulnerable, perennial climbing medicinal herb belonging to family Convolvulaceae. This plant is sporadically distributed in tropical regions of India, Bangladesh, America, Philippines, Mauritania, Africa, Madagascar [1]. In Odisha, it is found in Jajpur, Bargarh, Balangir, Khurda and Sambalpur sporadically [2]. ...
... Morphologically it is having stout quadrangular stem [3]. Chemical constituents of O. turpethum are resins, a mixture of α and β-turpethin, glycosides, coumarin, scopoletin, saponins flavonoids, steroids and carbohydrates [1,[4][5][6]. It contains a wide variety of phytoconstituent including glycosidic resin, coumarin, betasitosterol, and essential oils which are useful in treatment of different ailments [6-9]. ...
Operculina turpethum (L) Silva Manso of the family Convolvulaceae, commonly known as Tihudi/Trivit in Hindi
and Dudholomo in Odiya, is an important medicinal plant. Mostly the root-bark and seed of this plant are used in
Ayurvedic system of medicine for treatment of various diseases like constipation, paralysis, bronchitis, obesity,
ulcers, haemorrhoids, tumours, jaundice etc. One of the chemical components of O. turpethum, responsible for its medicinal potential is Coumarin, a group of phenolic compound constituting an important class of pharmacological agent and displaying remarkable array of biochemical and pharmacological activities including
anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-coagulant, anti-bacterial and analgesic effects. In the present study the presence of Coumarin content in the seed and root bark parts of O. turpethum, collected from various agro climatic zones of Odisha, was estimated through spectrophotometric method of analysis. The seeds and root-barks of O. turpethum were collected from four different regions of Odisha viz. Khurda, Bargarh, Balangir and Jajpur. The coumarin content in seed samples ranged from 0.061% to 0.21% dry wt. and root-bark samples had a range of 0.212-0.271% dry wt. In both the cases (root-bark and seeds), highest amount of coumarin was found in the samples collected from Khurda region followed by Bargarh, Jajpur and Balangir region of Odisha. The root-barks appeared to have higher quantity of coumarin irrespective of collection sources. Present study encourages propagation and cultivation of O. turpethum with the wild stock plants from Khurda region of Odisha having comparatively higher coumarin content especially in the root-barks.
... On the day of Virechana karma, [19] 15 g of Trivrit churna [powder of Operculina turpethum (Linn.)], [20] 10 g of Katuki churna [powder of Picrorhiza kurroa (Royle ex Benth.)], [21] 50 ml of Nimbamritadi eranda (~herbal medicated oil), [22] and 160 ml Triphala kwatha [23] were given on empty stomach at 11:10 am with lukewarm water. ...
Majority of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) cases are unable to keep plasma glucose levels under control despite adequate medications and follow-up. They are being managed with insulin in contemporary medicine. The WHO estimates that diabetes was the seventh leading cause of death in 2016. Ayurveda literature has emphasized in this regard to cure Madhumeha (~diabetes mellitus) or control blood sugar levels with Panchakarma (~five internal bio-cleansing therapies) treatment. A 64-year-old male suffering from type-2 DM with chief complaints of excessive urination, thirst, pain in both legs, numbness in bilateral feet, and whole-body weakness was presented in the outpatient department of Panchakarma. He was diagnosed as a case of Madhumeha associated with peripheral neuropathy on the basis of clinical presentation and laboratory investigations. He was on allopathic medicines for 10 years. However, the symptoms worsened with time. Management was started, from Deepana (~enhancing metabolic fire) and Pachana (~enhancing digestion) followed by Snehapana (~internal oleation), Sarvanga abhyanga (~external oleation), Vashpa swedana (~whole body steam), Virechana karma, and Samsarjana krama (~special dietetic regimen). The current management showed significant results in reducing blood glucose, levels of hemoglobin A1c, visual analog scale score.
... Ipomoea turpethum (Linn.) is endangered; also prompt attention needs to be given to protect it from extinction. [3] [4] ...
For the selection proper raw materials in the production of Phytoceuticals standardization plays vital role. Trivrit consist of dried root of Ipomoea turpethum (Linn.) Syn. Operculina turpethum R. Br. (fam. Convolvulaceae) is commonly used since centuries in Ayurvedic system of Medicine to treat fevers, edema, ascites, anorexia, constipation, hepatosplenomegaly, intoxication, haemorrhoids, fistula, anemia, obesity, abdominal tumors, ulcers/wounds, worm infestation, pruritus and other skin disorders. Present investigation includes examination of morphological and microscopic characters; ash value, extractive values and phytochemical evaluations including qualitative chemical examination of active constituents were carried out.
... Silva Manso, also called as Tihudi/Trivrit because of the triangular shape stem, is an Indian Ayurveda herb. [9] The root bark of the plant contains glycosidic resin. It also contains a large number of other metabolites, which are saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, and phenolics, as well as there is little amount of essential oil, glucose, and fructose. ...
... Punarnava speeds up the filtration process of kidney and flushes out the excessive fluids and other waste products. Trivrit [16] and Danti possess anti-inflammatory properties [17] , Vidanga with its antioxidant property [18] brings out the regenerative changes in the deformed joints due to hyperuricemia induced Gout. Triphala works as a Xanthine Oxidase inhibitor [19] like Allopurinol which suppresses the production of Uric Acid. ...
... Ayurvedic herbs used were Nishoth (Operculina turpethum) (for managing obesity, digestive issues) [6] and Haritaki (Terminalia chebula) (to manage hyperacidity). A deep-level detoxification was done using herbs such as Phyllanthus niruri (hepato-protective and deep level liver cleanser) [7], and Bauhinia variegata (a powerful detoxifying agent, used to support healthy thyroid function and to cleanse the lymphatic system) [8]. ...
Healthy diet and lifestyle modifications are paramount for weight management in obese individuals. The purpose of this case study was to determine the effect of an Integrated Approach, that includes diet and lifestyle modifications, on the body weight of a morbidly obese individual. The subject of this case study was a 34-year old man who presented with 43% body fat and a BMI of 47.1 kg/m 2. Upon reviewing the case history, the doctor decided to treat the subject for a period of 9 months using the Integrated Approach that included nutritional therapy, ayurvedic herb support, vitamins, minerals, dietary supplements, regular exercise and lifestyle modifications. Modifications to lifestyle and food plan were made by the nutritionist following each weekly visit based on the subject's progress. With the Integrated Approach the patient managed a 18% reduction in his body fat, in addition to experiencing relief from acidity and constipation. His weight reduced from 137.2 kg to 67.5 kg in 1 year and 9 months.
... For the above-mentioned objectives, we used ayurvedic herbs such as Nishoth (Operculina turpethum) (for managing obesity and digestive issues) [5], Haritaki (Terminalia chebula) (lowers blood cholesterol and BP) [6], Vibhitaki (Terminalia bellirica) (antihypertensive agent) [7], Punarnava ghanvati (Boerhavia diffusa) [8], (hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic agent, anti-stress agent, and also helps control dyspepsia), Phyllanthus niruri (hepatoprotective and liver cleanser), Rauwolfia serpentina (antihypertensive agent) [9], Garcinia cambogia (weight reduction agent) [10], green tea (antioxidant, anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effects) [11], Emblica officinalis (aids digestion), and natural iodine in the form of seaweed (helps in thyroid/hormone imbalance) [12]. The patient was also given vitamins and dietary supplements that included essential oils, Vitamins B, Vitamin D3 supplements, probiotics, and antioxidants, both in natural and supplemental forms to boost her immunity and energy levels. ...
It has been found that high prevalence of hypertension and Type II diabetes is coincidental to obesity. A well-defined nutrition therapy is one of the most effective methods of managing and slowing down the rate of development of Type II diabetes, gastrointestinal (GI) problems, and hypertension. A healthy diet or plan for the above-mentioned complications should be one that is naturally rich in phytochemicals and low in glycemic index, bad fats, and excess calories. This case study deals with the benefits of an “Integrated approach” in the management of diabetes, hypertension, gastric disorders, and obesity. The “integrated approach” includes patient-specific nutritional therapy, ayurvedic herb support, vitamins and dietary supplements, stress management, and regular exercise. The subject in this study was a 39-year-old obese female with a clinical history of Type II diabetes, borderline hypertension, and GI issues. Apart from these she also complained of low immunity, low energy levels, and high levels of stress. During the 10-month treatment, significant weight loss was achieved along with normalization of blood sugar levels and steady lowering of blood pressure with subsequent improvement in gastric problems and improved energy levels. Hence, the case report aptly illustrates that an integrated approach can help, not only manage diabetes, hypertension, and obesity but also reduce drug dosage and significantly improve quality of life.
... Kohli et al, 2010 have given an exhaustive review on the medicinal importance of Operculina turpethum (37).This plant has activities such as antisecretory, ulcer protective and antiinflammatory, hepatoprotective, antibacterial activity, antioxidant and cytotoxic (38)(39)(40)(41). ...
Aswagandharishtam is classical medicine for diseases pertaining to nervous system and digestive system prepared by a number of plants and plant parts. The present work is to know the types of biomolecules present in it by GC MS analysis. Aswagandharishtam was procured from standard Ayurvedic outlet and was subjected to Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry after due processing.The GC MS analysis of Aswagandharishtam has shown some promising molecules like Prostaglandin A2, Cholesterol, Piperine, Gentamicin a, d-Mannose, Eugenol, Pipradrol among others, which have activities similar to that of Aswagadharistham. This is a preliminary report where some clue about the various types of biomolecules present in Aswagandharishtam was obtained. Further work is on to prove the efficacy of this medicine by other parameters. Published by Oriental Scientific Publishing Company.
... Turbud: Anti-secretory, ulcer protective, antiinflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant activity was confirmed [22]. ...
... The oleo-gum-resin of C. mukul was shown to be comparable to kanamycin against both Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria in vitro. Also proved to have carminative and anti-inflammatory [3].It is used internally to treat fevers, edema, anemia, constipation, hepatitis, ulcers, skin disorders, obesity, hemorrhoids, cough, asthma, paralysis, gout, and rheumatism [8,9,10]. Anti-inflammatory activity, as observed in an animal model of inflammation. ...
There are many plants used by tribunal people as an anti bacterial, among them myrrh is the one which is commonly used. Myrrh is an oleo gum resin obtained from the plant Commiphora myrrha belongs to the family Burceraceae. It can adhere to intestines because of its resinous nature and it reduces the acidity in small intestines. Generally, the resin is collected from bark and stem of the plant by the process incision. In present study ethyl acetate extract of Commiphora myrrha was used for the evaluation of Anti bacterial activity against three Gram negative organisms and two Gram positive organisms. The method used in evaluation of Anti bacterial activity was serial dilution and Agar Diffusion method. The antibacterial activity was calculated in terms of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bacterial concentration (MBC). The antibacterial activity was compared with marketed antibiotic.
... Heavy leakage from bacterial cells and excretion of vital molecules and ions will lead to death 16 . Presence of secondary metabolites in Ipomea turpethum is in line with earlier studies 17,18 . The plant is reported to contain four new Dammaranetype saponins 19 . ...
Abstract
Objective: In folk medicines, different herbs and plants have been used for many thousands of ears .Now it is important to investigate these plants and herbs scientifically which have been used in traditional medicines. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity and preliminary phytochemical screening of root of Ipomea turpethum extracted in methanol and its fractions. Methods: The methanol extract was further extracted with three solvents ethyl
acetate, chloroform and hexane and analyzed for their antibacterial activity using by agar well diffusion method. They were tested against six bacteria; Echrichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidus, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas auroginosa and Salmonella typhi. The susceptibility of microorganisms to all three fractions was compared with each other and with standard antibotic (Ampicillin). The fractions of Ipomea turpethum was also qualitatively
analyzed for the presence of chemical components, i.e. saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and glycosides. Result: Among all fractions methanol exhibited highest antibacterial activity (average zone of inhibition 23.53mm ± 1.3) while ethyl acetate exhibited least antibacterial activity (average zone of inhibition 18.50mm ± 3.5). Minimum inhibitory concentration of methanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform and hexane fractions was found in the range of 650ug/ml
to 2500ugl/ml against microorganisms. Conclusion: Results obtained from this preliminary in-vitro experiment indicate that, all three fractions of Ipomea turpethum has good antibacterial activity against all microorganisms used. By phytochemical analysis of extract, it has been found to contain some nutrient and chemical components which support its ethenomedicinal use but further work is required for development of new antibiotic compounds.
Keywords: Ipomea turpethu;, phytochemical screening; antibacterial activity.
... Heavy leakage from bacterial cells and excretion of vital molecules and ions will lead to death 16 . Presence of secondary metabolites in Ipomea turpethum is in line with earlier studies 17,18 . The plant is reported to contain four new Dammaranetype saponins 19 . ...
p> Objective : In folk medicines, different herbs and plants have been used for many thousands of years .Now it is important to investigate these plants and herbs scientifically which have been used in traditional medicines. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity and preliminary phytochemical screening of root of Ipomea turpethum extracted in methanol and its fractions.
Methods: The methanol extract was further extracted with three solvents ethyl acetate, chloroform and hexane and analyzed for their antibacterial activity using by agar well diffusion method. They were tested against six bacteria; Echrichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidus, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas auroginosa and Salmonella typhi . The susceptibility of microorganisms to all three fractions was compared with each other and with standard antibotic (Ampicillin). The fractions of Ipomea turpethum was also qualitatively analyzed for the presence of chemical components, i.e. saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and glycosides.
Result: Among all fractions methanol exhibited highest antibacterial activity (average zone of inhibition 23.53mm ± 1.3) while ethyl acetate exhibited least antibacterial activity (average zone of inhibition 18.50mm ± 3.5). Minimum inhibitory concentration of methanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform and hexane fractions was found in the range of 650ug/ml to 2500ugl/ml against microorganisms.
Conclusion: Results obtained from this preliminary in-vitro experiment indicate that, all three fractions of Ipomea turpethum has good antibacterial activity against all microorganisms used. By phytochemical analysis of extract, it has been found to contain some nutrient and chemical components which support its ethenomedicinal use but further work is required for development of new antibiotic compounds.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(1) 2018 p.93-97</p
... 13,26 Various studies conducted on these ingredients have proved that most of these test drugs possess important neuroprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. The flavonoid glabridin derived from Glycyrrhiza glabra (Aslus'soos) significantly decreases the volume of focal infarct, apoptosis 31 and cerebral histological damage 32 as well as antioxidant activity is also reported in Glycyrrhiza glabra has the neuroprotective effect through alteration of multiple pathways link with apoptosis 33 Essential oil from seeds of Foeniculum vulgare (Badyan) showed antithrombotic activity, thus preventing the paralysis induced by collagen-epinephrine intravenous injection 34 Another study on Badyan (Foeniculum vulgare) has been found to dissolve the blood clot after hemorrhagic stroke 35 which may be attributed to its monoamine inhibitor activity that upregulates the level of serotonin, nor-epinephrine, and dopamine in brain and thus brain plasticity is accomplished 36 Operculia turpethum 37 Cassia fistula. 38 Experimental studies concluded that Lavandula stoechas i.e. ...
Falij-e-Nisfi (hemiplegia) is a disease characterized by loss of motor and sensory functions in longitudinal half of the body. The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Maul -Usool (root extracts), Mus'hil-e-Balgham (phlegm purgative) and Inkibab (steam inhalation) with Marzanjosh in management of post-stroke disability with respect to Activities of Daily Living (ADL) on scientific parameters. It was an open label, pre and post without control clinical trial for the period of 30 days conducted on 29 eligible cases of hemiplegia due to stroke. Nuskha Maul -Usool was administered in form of decoction once in morning on an empty stomach for 15 days; then Nuskha Mus'hil-e-Balgham was added with Maul -Usool and given on 13 th and 15 th day of treatment in order to induce purgation. From 16 th day onwards, Inkibab (steam inhalation) was started with 20 gm of Marzanjosh once a day daily till the end of the study. The pre and post treatment values of Barthel Index Scale were analyzed by paired t test to assess ADL in the participants. Significant improvement (P<0.05) was observed in ADL of participants at the end of treatment. No side effect was observed during and after the study; overall compliance to the treatment was satisfactory. The study concluded that trial formulations have statistically significant effect in improving the ADL of post stroke disability cases.
... However, advantageously, it did not show any cytotoxicity on normal PBMCs even at higher doses suggesting it to be a good drug for clinical use. A previous study on rodents had also confirmed the safety of both crude powder and extract of OTE for clinical use (Kohli, Nipanikar, & Kadbhane, 2010). ...
Objectives:
Herbal drugs are popularly emerging as complementary and alternative medicines in cancer patients because of their cost effectiveness and minimal side-effects. The extract of Operculina turpethum (OT) is known to have antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and purgative properties. Since it is popularly known have antiinflammatory activity, we investigated its anti-tumor activity on four oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines (OSCC) namely, (SCC-4, KB, SCC-9 and SCC-25).
Design:
Antitumor activities of Operculina turpathum extract (OTE) was investigated by MTT and clonogenic assay, effect on cell cycle and apoptosis induction by Annexin-V/propidium iodide (PI) staining and flow cytometry and invasive potential of the tumor was determined by matrigel assay. The expression of various proteins involved in these mechanisms was analysed by western blotting.
Results:
OTE specifically inhibited the growth and colony formation of OSCC cells in a dose-dependent manner via inhibiting NF-?B and its downstream target COX-2. It further arrested cell cycle at G0/G1 phase by inhibiting cyclin-D1 and induced early apoptosis by up-regulating P53 in OSCC cells. It also limits the invasion capacity of OSCC cells by up to 55-60%.
Conclusions:
OTE shows antitumor activities in OSCC cells by inhibiting NF-?B, COX-2 and cyclin D1 and upregulation of p53 expression. It may be developed as a safe and promising alternative chemopreventive/chemotherapeutic agent for oral cancer.
... According to Kohli et al. (2010) in Ayurveda, O. turpethum has been included in the group of 'ten purgative herbs'. The presence of resin glycosides in Convolvulaceae family has been established associated with the laxative properties of the herbal drugs. ...
Operculina macrocarpa (L.) Urb., Convolvulaceae, is used by the population as a laxative. In this work we described the isolation of the three phenolic acids present in the hydroethanolic extract of the O. macrocarpa roots. The quantification of the caffeic, chlorogenic acids and of the new caffeic dimer in the hydroethanolic and infusion extracts was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled photodiode array detector. These analyses showed the higher content of the chlorogenic, caffeic and the new 3,4′-dehydrodicaffeic acid in hydroethanolic and hydroethanolic extracts without resin in which infusion. The acid found in greater quantity is caffeic acid followed by the 3,4′-dehydrodicaffeic acid. The laxative activity was evaluated by different experimental models of intestinal transit with the hydroethanolic and infusion extracts, and the resin fraction, caffeic, chlorogenic and ferulic acids. The results showed all extracts and compounds tested had significant activity in the experimental model tested. These results obtained are essential for the future development of a pharmaceutical product with safety and efficacy.
... Among them Haritaki is mentioned for Anulomana [5][6][7][8][9][10] and Trivrit for Rechana. 11 So this study was planned to assess the effect of Anulomana Karma and Rechana Karma on Pureesha using the same drugs mentioned by Sarngadhara. Criteria for assessment Assessment of Madhyama Koshta: For the diagnosis and assessment of Madhyama Koshta, a specific research proforma 13 was prepared on the basis of characteristics of three types of Koshta. ...
The way of expulsion of morbid Dosha from the body, is through Urdha and Adha passages, and the process in general is termed as Virechana. Anulomana, Sramsana, Bhedana and Rechana are the forms of Virechana explained in Ayurvedic literature. Objective of this study was to assess the effect of Anulomana Karma and Rechana Karma on Pureesha. Based on the inclusion criteria and voiding those belonging to exclusion criteria, 30 healthy volunteers with Madhyama Koshta were selected. They were divided into two groups of 15 each by using convenience sampling technique. One group was administered with Harithaki choorna (for anulomana) and other with Trivrit choorna (for rechana) with a dose of 12 gm each and warm water anupana in empty stomach at early morning based on the concept of initiation of Apana Vayu as mentioned by Acharya Vaghbata in Doshopakramaniya Adhyaya. The tool used to measure features of stool was Bristol stool scale. In Anulomana Karma, there was not much deviation in number of Vegas from mean value and so it’s considered as a natural way of evacuation but there was an increase in Latency. Anulomana Karma
produced Malantha in majority of the volunteers and Kaphanta Sudhi was minimal. Majority of volunteers produced Type 7 (Watery, no solid pieces, entirely liquid) during Anulomana Karma. In Rechana Karma, number of Vegas shows there was an easily breakage of bonding. In Latency, both Pakwa and Apakwa Mala were expelled showing there was no necessity of Paka. Rechana Karma produced Kaphanta Sudhi in majority of the volunteers justifying the classical reference. In Rechana Karma majority of Vegas fell in to category of Type 7, Drava Rupa.
Key words: Anulomana, Sramsana, Bhedana, Rechana, Harithaki churna, Trivrit churna, Virechana
... Keeping the current trend in mind, Harithaki (Terminalia chebula Retz.) [7][8][9][10] powder and Trivrit (Operculina turpethum L.) powder were subjected for standardize procedures. From the current study, genuinity indicating parameters for both Harithaki [11] churna (powder) and Trivrit churna [12] were derived. ...
Standardization of Ayurvedic formulations is most important for the establishment of its biological activity, its chemical profile and its quality assurance in production and manufacturing of herbal drugs. As such the standardization is a burning topic in Ayurvedic drug manufacture today. Most of the pharmaceutical industries are using substitute drugs instead of authentic drugs. So to prepare best quality drugs it is necessary to authenticate raw drugs. Keeping the current trend in mind, Harithaki (Terminalia chebula Retz.) powder and Trivrit (Operculina turpethum L.) powder were subjected for standardization procedures. From the current study, genuinity indicating parameters for both Harithaki churna (powder) and Trivrit churna were derived.
... Keeping the current trend in mind, Harithaki (Terminalia chebula Retz.) [7][8][9][10] powder and Trivrit (Operculina turpethum L.) powder were subjected for standardize procedures. From the current study, genuinity indicating parameters for both Harithaki [11] churna (powder) and Trivrit churna [12] were derived. ...
Standardization of Ayurvedic formulations is most important for the establishment of its biological activity, its chemical profile and its quality assurance in production and manufacturing of herbal drugs. As such the standardization is a burning topic in Ayurvedic drug manufacture today. Most of the pharmaceutical industries are using substitute drugs instead of authentic drugs. So to prepare best quality drugs it is necessary to authenticate raw drugs. Keeping the current trend in mind, Harithaki (Terminalia chebula Retz.) powder and Trivrit (Operculina turpethum L.) powder were subjected for standardization procedures. From the current study, genuinity indicating parameters for both Harithaki churna (powder) and Trivrit churna were derived.
... Hence it improves digestive power and ultimately absorption of nutrition and drug also. The components like Trivrita, [32] Haritaki [33] and Danti [34] act as purgative/laxative which help in relieving constipation mainly found in old age. Haridra, [35] Amalaki, [36] Pippali, [37] Punarnava [38] and Trivrita [39] are thought to be Panduhara by various Acharyas. ...
Background:
The incidence of anemia rises with age. The consequences of anemia are many and serious, affecting not only individual's health, but also the development of societies and countries. Pandu Roga can be effectively compared with anemia on the ground of its similar signs and symptoms.
Aim:
To evaluate the Panduhara and Rasayana effect of Punarnava Mandura in the management of Pandu Roga in old age (geriatric anemia).
Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted in 50 clinically diagnosed patients of geriatric anemia. Patients were treated with Punarnava Mandura 2 tablets (250 mg each) twice in a day after lunch and dinner with Takra (butter milk) for 90 days. Among 50 registered patients, 40 patients had completed the treatment and 10 patients discontinued the treatment. Results were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test for subjective parameters and for assessment of objective parameters paired t-test was adopted.
Results:
At the end of study, drug has shown beneficial effect in patients of anemia by providing highly significant result in chief complaints, associated symptoms, Kshaya of Dhatu and Agni Bala, Deha Bala and Sattwa Bala. It has also improved quality-of-life (QOL) of the patients. Moderate and mild improvement was observed in 30 and 70% of the patients respectively.
Conclusion:
Punarnava Mandura may work as Rasayana in geriatric anemia by providing highly significant results on clinical features of Pandu Roga, Dehabala, Agni Bala and Sattwa Bala and by improving QOL. of patients of geriatric anemia.
... Operculina turpethum (Linn.) Silva Manso (Convolvulaceae) for its hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory activity etc [8]. Shyama has been advised to be used precautiously [9] but, literary review shows that 190 formulations contain Shyama as an ingradient. ...
Trivrut is considered as the best drug for sukhavirechana in the classical text of Ayurveda. There are differences in the opinion regarding the variteies of Trivrut. Overcall Shyama, Aruna, Shukla, Mahashyama are the varieties delineated in different classical texts. Dedication of a chapter (Shyamatrivrut Kalpadhyaya) in the Charakasamhita and inclusion of the drug in different Ganas (group of drugs) in the classical texts denotes the importance of the drug. In this article, comprehensive review on Trivrut regarding its varieties, uses, pharmacological properties, actions, indications and contraindications, its compound formulations from samhitas (treatise) as well as samgraha granthas was carried out. Total 25, 29 and 33 synonyms have been coined and attributed to Aruna, Shyama and Trivrut respectively. Aruna Trivrut is having kashayamadhura rasa whereas Shyama Trivrut possessed katu rasa. Both the varieties are having ushna virya, katu vipaka and ruksha guna. Total 14 synonyms of Trivrut have been used in the classical text while explaining the different formulations of Trivrut. It is included in 14 groups of drugs. Trivrut as an ingredient was observed in 765 formulations. It is used in 107 diseased conditions in 23 form of medicine, for both internal and external uses. There were 54 different combinations of Trivrut and its variety along with different drugs and vehicle like milk, ghrut, honey useful for laxative action. There were different combination of drugs for the pacification of vata, pitta, kapha dosha respectively along with the season-wise laxative preparations.
... [2] Several secondary metabolites including, glycoside resin, alkaloids, steroids and saponins have been isolated from the plant. [3,4] The aim of this study was to investigate the volatile constituents of Turbad. ...
... The plant is found throughout tropical dry and moist deciduous regions in central India and sometimes cultivated in tropical Africa, Madagascar, and South Asia to Australia (Kohli et al.,010). In Odisha, it is found in Jajpur, Bargarh, Balangir, Khurda and Sambalpur district in a sporadic manner (Saxena is a perennial creeper with stout Root and root barks are cathartic and O. turpethum are resins turpethin, glycosides, coumarin, scopoletin lupeol (Austin, 1982;Kohli et al., 2010). Alcoholic extract showed the presence of glycosides, saponins, nd carbohydrates (Sharma et al., 2012). ...
ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT:
Operculina turpethum is a Red-Listed (vulnerable category) medicinal plant distributed sporadically in Odisha. Propagation of ‘tihudi’ through seeds suffer from the problems like poor seed viabil¬ity, low percentage of germination. As an alternative, it can be mass propagated through vine-nodal cuttings. The cuttings were treated with two types of auxin combinations along with control. Maximum rooting, growth and development were influenced by the treatment T1- NAA (3000 ppm) + IBA (2000 ppm). The nodal cuttings with single node plus single leaf (C1) was found to be the best for vegetative propagation where the major outcomes like rooting percentage (79.91±1.08), root number (7.00±1.56), root length (10.61±1.63 cm), new flushes (3.00±0.94), survivability percentage (81.48±0.01) were obtained. Through utilization of this technique, mass production of quality planting materials of this valuable but vulnerable medicinal plant can be achieved.
Keywords: auxins, nodal cuttings, Operculina turpethum, vegetative propagation
... The roots of Operculina turpethum, family Convolvulaceae, are beneficial in treating fatty liver and improving fat metabolism in the liver. It works effectively against obesity by decreasing excessive body fat [27]. ...
ABSTRACT
In recent years, obesity has become a major health problem worldwide, affecting people across all ages, sex, ethnicities, and races, and its prevalence has been increasing at an alarming rate. Currently, pharmacologic agents available to treat obesity carry high costs and serious side effects. In contrast, natural products used in the conventional Indian medicinal system have been applied effectively in clinical practice and may be potential targets in the development of future cost effective anti-obesity drugs with less side effects. A comprehensive chemical and pharmacological review of numerous bioactive constituents established in Indian medicinal plants used to treat obesity was performed. Data on 30 medicinal plants were reviewed, taking into consideration their biological sources, anti-obesity active principles, and pharmacological test results, which are typically applied in the indigenous Indian system of medicine. In the modern era, various medicines have been developed for overweight and obese people, but nearly all are chemical or biochemical agents. There is a need to create awareness regarding the evidence for and use of herbal medicines in the management and treatment of obesity.
Keywords: Obesity; Overweight management; Traditional Indian medicine; Natural medicine; Randomised clinical trial; Clinician-Pharmacist expectations; Appropriate herbal formulation; Potential risks
... [16][17][18][19] In Indian traditional system of medicine, Operculina turpethum is used internally to treat fevers, edema, anemia, constipation, hepatitis, ulcers, skin disorders, obesity, hemorrhoids, cough, asthma, paralysis, gout, and rheumatism. [20][21][22] It is proved to have anti-secretory and ulcer protective, anti-inflammatory, [23] hepatoprotective, [24] anti-microbial, [25] anticancer, and antioxidant activities. [26] Glycosidic resins of O. turpethum constitutes terpethin, α-terpethein and β-terpethein, turpethic acids A-C, and two intact resin glycosides, turpethosides A and B, jalapinolic acid, and operculinolic acid. ...
The in vitro antibacterial activity of resin rich methanolic extracts (RRMEs) of Commiphora myrrha, Operculina turpethum, and Pinus roxburghii.
Different concentration were studied by agar-well diffusion method against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, Enterococcus faecalis) and Gram-negative bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysenteriae).
Among all the bacterial strains tested, E. faecalis was most sensitive and S. typhi was resistant to C. myrrha and P. roxburghii. The extracts of O. turpethum were active against all tested strains in which B. subtilis and S. aureus were the most sensitive.
This suggested that the antibacterial activity of RRMEs of O. turpethum was more than C. myrrha and P. roxburghii. This probably explains the potential of these plants against a number of infections caused by bacterial strains tested.
Turbud (Operculina turpethum L.) belongs to the family Convolvulaceae, a potent and well-known medicinal herb, used in Unani system of medicine to treat several diseases. It is a large perennial twinner with milky juice. Roots are long, slender, fleshy, and much branched. In classical text it is mentioned that the Turbud which is white in colour, light weighted and having resin on both ends is of good quality. In Unani system of medicine, its main actions are expectorant and laxative and used in several diseases like arthritis, ascites, gout, hemiplegia etc. According to Ibn Sina use of Turbud along with zanjabeel is more effective. It has been used as an important component in many compound formulations such as Itrifal Ustu-khud’dus, Itrifal Zamani, Itrifal Muqil, Itrifal Mulaiyyin. The major chemical constituents present are turpethin, glucoside, jalapine, convolvulin etc. Operculina turpethum L. is validated for its different pharmacological actions like anti-inflammatory effect, and ulcer protective etc. The present review comprehensively embodied its phytochemical, pharmacological and pharmacognostic description.
Operculina turpethum L. is a perennial medicinal plant of the family Convolvulaceae. Since ages, the
plant has been used for the treatment of various diseases. The present study was an attempt to analyses
physicochemical parameters of different plant parts of Operculina turpethum L. according to the standard
procedures. Use of the plant for treating various types of diseases is mentioned in Ayurvedic treatise like
Charaka Samhita. But there were no sufficient reports regarding all plant parts of the plant. So the
current comparative study was designed and conducted to evaluate the physicochemical evaluation of
leaf, stem, root, flower and fruit of Operculina turpethum L. The current study revealed to the bioprospecting
of different plant parts of leaf, stem, root, flower and fru it of Operculina turpethum L. for
various medicinal principles as well as properties.
A plant in the morning glory family, Operculina turpethum (syn. Ipomoea turpethum) is known commonly as turpeth. Operculina turpethum L. is a highly perennial medicinal plant of the family Convolvulaceae. Plant kingdom harbours an inexhaustible source of bioactive ingredients valuable in the management of many intractable diseases. Phytochemical techniques played a significant role in searching raw materials and resources for pharmaceutical industry. Furthermore, the active components of herbal remedies have the advantages of being combined with many other substances that appear to be inactive. However, these complementary components give the plant as a whole a safety and efficiency much superior to that of its isolated and pure active components. The use of medicinal plants to treat human disease has its roots in prehistoric times. A wide range of medicinal plants part is used for extract as raw drugs and they possess varied medicinal properties. Quantitative phytochemical analysis such as Alkaloids, Bitters, Saponins, Mucilage, and Tannins were conducted to evaluation of crude extracts of different plant parts such as leaf, stem, root, flower and fruit of Operculina turpethum L. Finding of the study of crude extracts of the Operculina turpethum L. revealed the quantification of Total Alkaloids, Bitters, Saponins, Mucilage, and Tannins. It equally ascertains the bioactive compounds in the plant, thus concluding with the potential therapeutic significance of the plant as a natural source.
In the last few years, there has been an exponential growth in
the field of herbal medicine and these drugs are gaining popularity both in
developing and developed countries because of their natural origin and less
side effects. The World Health Organization (WHO) has listed 21,000 plants,
which are used for medicinal purposes around the world. Among these 2500
species are in India, out of which 150 species are used commercially on a
fairly large scale. India is the largest producer of medicinal herbs and is
called as botanical garden of the world. In this study, we intend to do a
systematic search to identify the most potent antidiabetic herbs that are
available in India. Relevant medical databases and websites were searched.
To qualify for inclusion, the herbs should have excellent antidiabetic
potential confirmed with biomarker (reduction in HbA1c) and the herbs
should also possess limited adverse effects if at all any. Eligible studies must
also meet the following criteria: published in English and peer-reviewed
journals. We also used related keywords like diabetes mellitus, plant (herb),
India, patient, glycemic control, clinical trial, RCT, natural or herbal
medicine, Ayurvedic plants, hypoglycemic plants, and individual herb names
from popular sources, as keywords or combination of them.
Cancer is actually a group of many related diseases that all have to do with cells. Cancer cells are characterized by unregulated growth, as well as insufficient and inappropriate vascular supply. Moreover, a core of cells was subjected to micro environmental stress conditions, and has decreased apoptotic potential through genetic alterations, thereby resulting in resistance to apoptosis. Cancer is one of the major causes of death worldwide where the number of cancer patients is in continuous rise. Cancer is a major public problem whose estimated worldwide new incidence is about 6 million cases per year. It is the second major cause of deaths after cardiovascular diseases. Chemotherapy remains the principal mode of treatment for various cancers. A number of synthetic anticancer drugs are available in practice, but the side effects and the drug interactions are major drawbacks in its clinical utility. Most of the currently used chemotherapy drugs for cancers are known to develop resistance, exhibit non-selective toxicity against normal cells and restrict by dose-limiting side effects. Hence, cancer treatment and development of drugs for this disease remains a major clinical challenge. On the other hand, plants are an exceptionally viable source of biologically active natural products which may serve as commercially significant entities in themselves or which may provide lead structures for the development of modified derivatives possessing enhanced activity and/or reduced toxicity in traeatment of cancer. Herbal medicines are now attracting attention as potential sources of anticancer agents and are widely used due to availability of the materials, affordability, relatively cheap and little or no side effects, wide applicability and therapeutic efficacy which in turn has accelerated the scientific research. For these reasons, World Health Organization (WHO) supports the use of traditional medicines which are efficacious and non toxic. In this review we have summarized few plants having anticancer activity.
The maintenance of a healthy liver is essential for the overall well being of an individual. Liver is the largest organ in the vertebrate body and the site for intense metabolism. Because of the strategic placement in the body, liver is continuously exposed to various xenobiotics and this may result in a variety of liver ailments. Exposure of various toxic chemicals such as certain antibiotic, chemotherapeutic agents, paracetamol, carbon tetrachloride, thioacetamide, excessive alcohol consumption and microbes can cause liver cell injury. Hepatic injury is associated with distortion of the metabolic functions. In absence of reliable liver protective drugs in modern medicine, folk remedies from natural sources are therefore evaluated for their potential hepatoprotective effects against different chemical induced liver damage in experimental animals. The present review is aimed at compiling data on promising phytochemicals from medicinal plants that have been tested in hepatotoxicity models using modern scientific system.
Operculina turpethum (Linn.) Silva Manso Syn. Ipomoea turpethum R. Br. belongs to Convolvulaceae i.e. Morning glory family. In Ayurveda, it is considered as the source for Trivrut and its root is therapeutically effective in fever, jaundice, liver disorders and also considered as best for laxative action. In Western part of India, its flower is applied on head to treat hemicranias. Its flower is also considered as sacred and offered to lord Shiva by the Hindus. The present study deals with the micromorphology and micrometric evaluation of its flower including powder microscopy by following standard parameters. Peduncle shows unicellular trichomes whereas pedicel shows blotched sessile glandular trichomes and corolla shows unicellular, glandular, spear shaped head trichomes. Crystals are present in pedicel, peduncle and corolla. Pollen grains show identical three protuberances. Insertion of pollen grain in gynoecium shows the fertility stage. Lignified spiral vessel, acicular crystals were the important characters observed in the powder microscopy. Thus, flower microscopy brings scientific knowledge and understanding of floral characters which helps in identification in the crude drugs as well as in the powder form.
The root of Operculina turpethum is the chief ingredient in the Ayurvedic formulation viz. Avipattikara churna used for the treatment of gastric ulcer and related gastrointestinal disturbances. Its incorporation in the formulation is not scientifically studied. Hence, in the present study root and its formulations are investigated for anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory and anti-diarrheal properties. The root powder of Operculina turpethum and its formulations were studied for anti-ulcer activity by using Shay rat that have administered preparation at 30 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg dose levels. The results revealed that the root powder and formulations have reduced the hyperacidity to the extent of 50 - 55% at 100mg/kg dose level. The root powder was found to be better than all formulations. The root powder and the formulation have reduced the charcoal movement significantly in charcoal meal test in mice at 400mg/kg dose. Similarly, these preparations have reduced the edema volume in formalin induced inflammation model in rats at 100mg/kg dose. The study revealed that the incorporation of root of Operculina turpethum in Avipattikara Churna is justifiable.
http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/envis_specia_habitat_threatened_plants_india.pdf
The ethanolic extract obtained from roots of Operculina turpethum (Convolvulaceae) were evaluated for hepatoprotective activity in rats by inducing liver damage by paracetamol. The ethanol extract at an oral dose of 200 mg/kg exhibited a significant protective effect by lowering serum levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin. These biochemical observations were supplemented by histopathological examination of liver sections. Silymarin was used as positive control.
The present investigation covers immobilization of titanium dioxide over HY support for the treatment of isoproturon pesticide. Catalysts are characterized by XRD, SEM–EDAX, TEM, BET surface area and UV–vis DRS. A detailed photocatalytic degradation study under solar light in aqueous suspensions with parameters like loading of TiO2 over HY, amount of the catalyst, concentration of substrate, pH effect, durability of the catalyst and comparison between suspended TiO2 and supported systems are reported. Mineralization of isoproturon is monitored by total organic carbon, chemical oxygen demand and a plausible mechanism is proposed for photocatalytic degradation based on degradation products.
Morphological variations among all the ten species of Ipomoea were observed both qualitative and quantitatively. Thirteen quantitative characters were taken into consideration and their mean values were compared statistically. Comparative analysis revealed variations from species to species. Qualitative characters concerned with root/tuber, stem/leaf, flower and capsule/seed were examined. Almost all the species of Ipomoea are of herbaceous and climbing habit except I. aquatica , it is amphibious in nature. Most of the species showed leaves to be lobed with various shape such as ovate-oblong, cordate, broadly ovate, ovate-cordate etc. except I. quamoclit where the leaves were found to be pinnately paired and cut up to the midrib. Flowers were observed to be few in axillary cymes in most of the species and in few species flowers were many in terminal cymes, except I. pes-tigridis where the flowers were head like involucrate in auxillary cymes. On the other hand, seed colours were also found to vary but slightly in the species of Ipomoea examined in the present investigation.