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Application of acoustic frequency technology to protected vegetable production

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Abstract

The acoustic frequency technology is to treat the plant with a specific frequency sound wave. Acoustic studies have found that plants can produce low frequency sound spontaneously. With the addition of the technology, the specific frequency sounds to make a match-absorption and resonance on the target plants. Thus, the technology strengthens photosynthesis and speeds of cell split and makes plant grow and develop faster. Treated plants are blooming and bearing fruits ahead of time. Acoustic frequency technology was applied to sweet pepper, cucumber and tomato in greenhouse. Various controlled experiments were made and all results indicted that the technology could increase the output of vegetables notably, improve crops quality, strengthen the capability of disease-resistance. The yields of treated sweet pepper, cucumber and tomato were 63.05%, 67.1% and 13.2%, respectively higher than that of control group. Moreover, the incidence of treated tomato disease decreased by 6, 8, 9, 11 and 8 percentage points, respectively, including red spider, aphids, grey mold, late blight and virus disease.
25 2 Vol.25 No.2
156 2009 2Transactions of the CSAE Feb. 2009
植物声频控制技术在设施蔬菜生产中的应用
侯天侦1,李保明1,滕光辉1,周 1,肖滢萍2,祁丽荣1
1.农业部设施农业工程重点开放实验室,中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院,北京 100083
2.北京市裕农优质农产品种植公司杨镇种植园,北京 101309
要:植物声频控制技术是对植物施加一特定频率的声波处理,该声波要与植物自发声的频率相匹配,发生谐振,从
而增强植物的光合作用和细胞分裂同步化,促进植物的生长发育,提早开花结实。该文概述了植物声频控制技术在设施
蔬菜甜椒Capsicum frutescens L.黄瓜Cucumis sativus L.和番茄Lycopersion Mill上的应用研究。试验结果表明,
植物声频控制技术明显地提高了设施蔬菜的产量(甜椒、黄瓜、番茄分别增产 63.05%67.0%13.2%并增强了它们
抗病虫害能力,与对照区相比,番茄处理区的红蜘蛛、蚜虫、灰霉病、晚疫病和病毒病分别下降了 68911 8
百分点。
关键词:设施农业,植物声频控制技术,农产品,甜椒,黄瓜,番茄
中图分类号: S122 文献标识码:A文章编号:1002-6819(2009)-2-0156-05
侯天侦,李保明,滕光辉,等.植物声频控制技术在设施蔬菜生产中的应用[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(2):156-160.
Hou Tianzhen, Li Baoming, Teng Guanghui, et al. Application of acoustic frequency technology to protected vegetable
production[J]. Transactions of the CSAE, 2009,25(2)156160.(in Chinese with English abstract)
0
植物声频控制技术是近年来发展的一项农业新
术,是物理农业的一个重要方面。它的基本原理是对植
物施加特定频率的声波处理,与植物的自发声频率相匹
配,发生谐振,提高植物的光合效率,加快细胞分裂,
并使细胞周期同步化,促进植物生长发育,达到增产、
优质、抗病目的,并可减少化肥和农药的用量,生产绿
色食品,符合保护环境和发展生态农业的大方向。
声音作为一种交变应力在环境中几乎是无处不在。
上世纪中期以来,国内外关于声音对植物作用的机理研
究发展很快。美国的 Daniel 较早系统地研究了植物细胞
壁的力学性质,并阐述了外界应力与细胞生长之间的关
[1]。后来,Timothy 等在植物发育过程中对单个细胞进
行加载实验,并对细胞内应力信号的传导进行了探索,
促进了将力学方法引入传统生物学研究中的新兴边缘学
生物力学的诞生[2]2000 年,刘贻尧等人做了植物
对环境应力刺激的生物学效应的综述。文中着重叙述了
包括电磁场、微重力、超声波、声波等环境应力引起的
生物学效应、作用机理和研究趋势[3]值得重视的是近十
几年来,这方面的研究和应用大多偏重于声波对植物的
作用。由中国科学院力学所、中国农业大学应用化学系
收稿日期:2008-11-20 修订日期:2009-02-02
基金项目:北京市教育委员会共建项目计划都市农业学科群建设项目资助
XK100190553
作者简介:侯天侦1940-)山西河津人,教授,主要从事物理农业研究。
北京市海淀区清华东路 17 中国农业大学东校区 67 信箱,100083
Email: Houtianzheng@tom.com
※通讯作者:李保明(1961-),浙江缙云人,博士,教授,博士生导师,
主要从事设施农业环境工程的研究。北京市海淀区清华东路 17 中国农
业大学东校区 67 信箱,100083Email: libm@cau.edu.cn
和清华大学工程力学系合作研究的不同频率和强度的声
波对烟草细胞周期的影响,表明一定范围的声波刺激可
影响细胞分裂的同步化,促使细胞合成期S期) DNA
合成,有助于细胞的有丝分裂,促进植物的生长发[4]
华南师范大学生命科学研究院和重庆大学工程学院合作
研究,发现声波对猕猴桃愈伤组织的三磷酸腺苷(ATP
含量有明显增强或抑制的双重效应,适度的声波刺激有
利于提高植物的能量代谢水平[5]关于声波对植物细胞结
构的影响,国内近年来做了较多研究,分别得出适度频
率的声波刺激对细胞壁的热力学相行为、细胞膜蛋白质
的二级结构、细胞膜的流动性均有重要作用[6-8]。但是上
述实验设计多是采取单因子方式,即先固定一个频率或
强度参数,再改变另一个参数的值,考查植物对该参数
的生物学效应,分别得出单一而固定的最佳频率或最佳
强度。由于植物作为一个活的生命体,有其自发声的频
率,而且这个频率是随着环境因子(温、湿、光等)的
变化而变化的,不考虑植物自发声的特点和动态变化,
就很难得出适时的最佳频率和最佳强度,更难以在生产
实践中应用。
关于声音对植物作用的应用研究,最早应是法国人
切诺伊,她用声波处理提高了啤酒厂大麦发芽率。后来,
美国Dan. Carlson公司的Sonic Bloom技术是用高频(4
6 kHz)声波处理作物[9],日本大阪的先拓公司用雅乐处
理蔬菜[10],以及散见于报章杂志的有法国声学研究所和
前苏联有人用贝多芬乐曲或莫扎特音乐处理西红柿、甜
菜增产的报道。从整体上看,声波处理植物的应用研究,
尚处于经验探索和资料积累的初级阶段。
植物声频控制技术的发明人,本文第一作者及团队,
在对植物声学特性的研究中,用自行研制的He-Ne激光多
普勒效应测振仪,在声屏蔽室的抗震台上,测定了植物
2 侯天侦等:植物声频控制技术在设施蔬菜生产中的应用 157
自发声频率并做了频谱分析,进而初步探明了植物自发
声频率与环境因子变化规律。在此基础上,研制开发了3
种不同型号的植物声频发生器,分别应用于大田和温室
生产实践中[11,12]
迄今,植物声频控制技术已在国内外进行了14(美
5年,国内9年)的试验示范和推广应用,在50余种不
同农作物、蔬菜、花卉和果树上取得明显效应。该项技
术产品于1998年获得美国发明专利(专利号:5731265
并获得国家高新技术产品证书。本文仅对近年来植物声
频控制技术在设施蔬菜(甜椒、黄瓜、番茄)上的应用
加以总结。
1
1.1 试验地及肥力状况
供试单位为北京市裕农优质农产品种植公司杨镇种
植园,位于北京市顺义区杨镇。取两个相距 70 m 远的日
光温室:G1 做处理,G8 做对照。两室的建筑面积均为
667 m2使用面积 G1 60×10.5=630 m2G8 40×10.8=
432 m2
G8 室内部分面积种植另一甜椒品种)两室的
壤质地均为中壤土,肥力中等。底肥都以有机肥(鸡粪)
为主,并各施 50 kg 撒可富复合肥,追肥各施 20 kg 尿素。
前茬作物均为生菜。
1.2 材料及管理
供试甜椒为喜悦品种。两室均于200839日定植,
行距50 cm株距30 cm灌溉以滴灌方式,试验期间共灌
9次。57日整枝打叉,18日吊架。全部试验由农学毕
业的大学生1人负责,以减少人为误差。
1.3 仪器设备及试验方法
仪器为青岛世纪天力物理农业科技有限公司生产的
QGWA-03型植物声频发生器1台,外观见图1该仪器有8
个不同频率的波段,可依据环境温度和浇水状况按使用
说明书(1,调节与植物自发声频率相匹配的波段,
音量可根据供试面积调节,一般以离声源远端处达40 dB
为宜。处理时间是每两天播放1次,每次3 h一般在早晨
日出后开始处理。全部试验由317日开始至622日结
束,共计处理40次。每次处理同时记录两室的温度。试
验期间对甜椒苗的株高做了调查,方法是在两室内随机
抽样4行,每行固定8株,在不同时间做了4次测定。产量
调查采取实收方式,由611日开始记录两室采
1 QGWA-03 型植物声频发生器
Fig.1 QGWA-03 type of acoustic frequency generator
收的甜椒数量,711日结束。711日以后,虽然两室
的甜椒都还在结实,但因已不符合出口的质量要求,故
未再做记录。
数据以 t-test 法检验差异显著性。
1 QGWA-03 型植物声频发生器使用方法
Table 1 Operation method of QGWA-03 type of acoustic
frequency generator
浇水前 浇水后 2d
波段 134578 267
使用条件
气温/10~20 20~25 25~28 28~30 30~35 35~40 10~25 25~30 30~35
1.4 结果及分析
1.4.1 两个日光温室中环境温度差异
每次处理时同时记录两室的温度,共得40数据,
分别做出处理室和对照室的温度曲线,见图2经统计K-S
检验,两室的环境温度无显著差异(P0.05
注:N=40P=0.913
2 甜椒试验两温室气温变化
Fig.2 Temperature of sweet pepper trial in the two greenhouses
1.4.2 声频处理对青椒苗株高生长的影响
4次抽样调查的结果做成图3。图3反映出甜椒苗生
长的不同时期,声频处理均能促进其株高生长,最终处
理室苗平均高度为53.4 cm,对照室为48.4 cm,处理较
照高出5.0 cm,增高10%左右,差异不显著(P0.05
这与我们在声波处理对水稻、小麦等作物株高生长无明
显影响试验结果基本一致。
注:N=4P=0.708
3 植物声频控制技术处理对甜椒株高生长的影响
Fig.3 Influence of acoustic frequency technology on the
high-growth of sweet pepper
158 农业工程学报 2009
1.4.3 声波处理对甜椒产量的影响
由表2可以看出声波刺激提高了甜椒产量,处理较对
照增产63.6%,差异极显著(P0.01
2 植物声频控制技术对甜椒产量的影响
Table 2 Influence of acoustic frequency technology on the output
of sweet pepper
处理室 对照室
采收日期
/-- 实收数
/kg
折合每 m2
产量/kg
增产
/%
实收数
/kg
折合每 m2
产量/kg
2008-06-11 86 0.14 57 0.13
2008-06-17 130 0.21 43 0.10
2008-06-20 136 0.22 64 0.15
2008-06-26 159 0.25 69 0.16
2008-07-06 136 0.22 51 0.12
2008-07-11 140 0.22 47 0.11
787 1.26 63.6 331 0.77
注:n=6t=7.714P=0.001
2
2.1 试验地点及供试材料
试验单位为乌鲁木齐明祥德商贸有限公司,该公司
专门聘请一名退休教授,成立植物声频控制技术试验小
组,负责全部试验。试验地位于乌鲁木齐县板房沟乡蔬
菜温室基地。选取两个相距约 80 m 远的温室,其中 7
12 号为处理室,610 号做对照室。两室面积均为
60.2×6=361.2 m2。两室的前茬作物均为黄瓜,土壤底
情况基本一致。供试材料为黄瓜嫁接苗,2005 12
20 号定植,22 日开始声波处理,至次年 420 日结束,
共计处理 56 次。仪器放置在处理室中部,处理仪器和方
法,与上述甜椒试验相同。
2.2 抽样调查
处理室从入口处算起第 49-58 行(共计 10 行)的第
789株,共 30 株;对照室从入口处算起第 51-60
的第 789株,共 30 株。每周观察记录 1次黄瓜苗的
株高、叶片数、节数、花蕾数、挂果数,并观察记录病
虫害情况。产量调查是按月记录黄瓜的实收数量。另外,
在仪器中心和东西两边 27 m 处各取 30 株调查不同距离
处音量大小对黄瓜生长发育的影响。
2.3 结果及分析
2.3.1 声波处理促进黄瓜苗的生长发育
调查结果表明,处理室较对照黄瓜叶片数增加
25.5%节数增加 27.3%花蕾数增加 2.7%挂果数增加
204.6%另外,处理室较对照室提前 6d开花、结果。
为处理室在春节期间已大量采收,市场价格高,每 kg
瓜卖到 20 元左右,仅此一项处理室即比对照室多收入
3499 元。
2.3.2 声波处理增强了黄瓜苗的抗低温能力
春节后由于连续 3d的阴天和大雪,造成低温和光照
不足,黄瓜生长发育受到很大影响,但是处理室较对照
室的坐果率高,一级瓜多,畸形瓜少。
2.3.3 声波处理增强了黄瓜的抗病性
3月份是黄瓜霜霉病高发期,对照室感染面积达 2/3
而处理室不到 1/34月份时,对照室发现少量红蜘蛛
叶螨,而处理室未发现。
2.3.4 声源距离对植株生长无明显影响
元月 16 日调查了声源中心 30 株黄瓜苗和距声源东、
西各 27m 远的 30 株黄瓜苗的生长情况,结果无明显差异。
2.3.5 声频处理对黄瓜产量的影响
黄瓜实收产量结果见表 3
3 声频刺激对黄瓜产量的影响
Table 3 Influence of acoustic stimulation on the output of
cucumber of acoustic stimulation
处理棚/kg 对照棚/kg
采收日期
/-实收数 折合每m2产量
增产
/% 实收数 折合每m2产量
2006-02 1481.7 4.10 886.7 2.45
2006-03 1233.9 3.42 738.5 2.05
2006-04 867.8 2.40 519.8 1.44
合计 3583.4 9.92 67.0 2145.0 5.94
注:n=3t=6.683P=0.02
从表3中可以得知植物声频控制技术处理黄瓜增产
67.0%,差异显著(P0.05,折合每m2增加3.98 kg
3
3.1 试验地点、材料及试验情况
试验单位为哈尔滨市道里区农业标准化监督管
站,他们2006年承接了黑龙江省农业技术推广总站下
达的植物声频控制技术试验任务,在温室春番茄和春黄
瓜上进行了试验。地点位于道里区新发镇五星村。供试
材料分别为番茄586品种和黄瓜博爱1号品种。试验使用
仪器和方法与前述甜椒相同。从520日开始处理,6
25日结束,共计处理16次。
3.2 结果及分析
3.2.1 声波处理对植株长势的影响
通过610日和25日的两次调查,发现处理室番茄叶
色明显深绿,叶片加厚。特别是25日的调查,处理区的
植株长势健壮,而对照区的已开始衰老。处理室的平均
每株坐果较对照增加56个。无畸形果,果实商品率高。
3.2.2 增强抗病虫性
调查结果见表 4
4 声频处理对番茄病虫害的影响
Table 4 Influence of acoustic frequency technology on tomato
diseases and insect pests %
病虫害发病率 红蜘蛛 蚜虫 灰霉病 晚疫病 病毒病
处理区 22342
对照区 8 10 12 15 10
从表4可以看出,声频处理可以明显减轻番茄的病虫
害,与对照室相比,红蜘蛛、蚜虫、灰霉病、晚疫病、
病毒病分别下降了689118个百分点。
2 侯天侦等:植物声频控制技术在设施蔬菜生产中的应用 159
3.2.3 声波处理对番茄产量的影响
处理室实收番茄5143 kg,对照室实收4544 kg,多收
599 kg,增加13.2%
4
声音对植物具有双重影响。只有在适当的频率、适
当的音量和适当的处理时间下,才会有良好的效应,反
之则不然。植物声频控制技术及产品植物声频发生器则
是三者的结合。植物声频控制技术是建立在对植物自发
声频率测定和该频率与环境因子之间变化关系的研究基
础上,它给予植物的刺激声波不是单一而固定的频率,
而是变化的动态的声波,其频率要与植物自发声频率相
吻合,发生谐振,方有作用。根据测定的结果,一般植
物在正常生长状况下,其自发声频率大多在低频范围
402000 Hz而在高温干旱时,该频率会上升;当低
温高湿,特别是浇水后植物体含水量升高时,植物自发
声频率会很快降低。
本试验表明植物声频控制技术提高了设施蔬菜的产
量(甜椒63.6%,黄瓜67.0%,番茄13.2%。这是在良
的设施条件下小面积范围的试验结果。在大田条件下,
例如,2007年在新疆生产建设兵团1300 hm2棉田上应用的
结果,9个连队平均增产在10%左右;在内蒙古春小麦的
田间试验,结果增产17%上述结果可能是声波刺激可以
提高植物体内ATP含量(对照的1.6[13],能极大地提高
光合效率所致。
声波刺激促进了蔬菜的生长发育。例如,黄瓜试验
中,处理室较对照室提早一周开花,结果,这是由于声
波处理后引起植物体内多种生理变化的结果。首先声波
使细胞周期同步化,促进细胞合成阶段期S期)DNA
[4]加快了植物生长。其次,声波处理改变了细胞膜状
构造,加大了膜的流动性,并使磷脂质较松散,提高了
膜的物质运输、能量转换与信息传递能力。另外,声波
处理还提高了植物生长调节物质如生长素吲哚乙酸
IAA多胺(PAS)和乙烯的含量,而这些物质在植
物生理上有广泛的作用。例如,与细胞分裂、维管束形
成、根部生长、叶片、器官与花芽的形成以及与抗逆境
密切相关[14]
植物声频控制技术增强了设施蔬菜的抗病性(表4
其中一个重要原因是声波处理提高了植物体内保护性蛋
白,如超氧化物歧化酶(SOD、过氧化物酶(POD)和
触酶活性,从而改变了植物体内的氧化还原平衡。一方
面降低了活性氧化物对细胞的伤害,同时增强了植物的
抗病性[15]
在声波对植物作用的三个因素中,音量也有一定影
响。这点在大面积棉田试验中可以看出,用大型植物声
频发生器QGWA-011台每次处理约7 hm2,有效半径
150 m,其增产幅度是随着距声源长度增加而减小。而在
日光温室中,一般控制处理音量在70 dB由于面积很小
则音量的影响甚微,这也从黄瓜试验中距离声源中心和
27 m远的瓜苗生育状况无差异中得到证实。另外,需要
指出的是处理时间和次数对于增产效果是十分重要的。
5
植物声频控制技术是一项新农业技术,在设施蔬菜
生产中应用可以显著促进蔬菜的生长发育、提早开花结
果、增加产量、提高抗病虫害能力。但在作用机理、应
用技术规程和产品系列化等方面都还有待进一步研究。
谢:感谢乌鲁木齐市明祥德商贸有限公司和哈尔
滨市道里区农业标准化监督管理站参与试验
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Application of acoustic frequency technology to protected vegetable
production
Hou Tianzhen1, Li Baoming1, Teng Guanghui1, Zhou Qing1, Xiao Yingping2, Qi Lirong1
(1. Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture for Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment,College of Water Conservancy
and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083, China;
2. Yunong Beijing's Cultivation of High-quality Agricultural Products,Yangzhen Plantation,Beijing 101309, China)
Abstract: The acoustic frequency technology is to treat the plant with a specific frequency sound wave. Acoustic studies
have found that plants can produce low frequency sound spontaneously. With the addition of the technology, the specific
frequency sounds to make a match-absorption and resonance on the target plants. Thus, the technology strengthens
photosynthesis and speeds of cell split and makes plant grow and develop faster. Treated plants are blooming and bearing
fruits ahead of time. Acoustic frequency technology was applied to sweet pepper, cucumber and tomato in greenhouse.
Various controlled experiments were made and all results indicted that the technology could increase the output of
vegetables notably, improve crops quality, strengthen the capability of disease-resistance. The yields of treated sweet
pepper, cucumber and tomato were 63.05%, 67.1% and 13.2%, respectively higher than that of control group. Moreover,
the incidence of treated tomato disease decreased by 6, 8, 9, 11 and 8 percentage points, respectively, including red
spider, aphids, grey mold, late blight and virus disease.
Key words: protected agriculture, acoustic frequency technology, agricultural products, sweet pepper, cucumber, tomato
... Plants exposed to sound were found to activate innate immunity and more specifically JA and SA defense pathways . Multiple plant species such as pepper, tomato, cucumber and strawberry exposed to sound showed enhanced systemic defense response (Choi et al., 2017;Hou et al., 2009;Qi et al., 2009). ...
... Exposure to classical music was found to improve the quality of grapevine by altering its native microbiome (Wassermann et al., 2021). In case of plants, sound exposure results in increase in certain phytohormones, enzymes and metabolites that imparts tolerance to various biotic and abiotic stresses (Appel and Cocroft, 2014;Bhandawat et al., 2020;Ghosh et al., 2016;Hou et al., 2009;López-Ribera and Vicient, 2017;Mishra et al., 2016). Thus, sound therapy holds an open opportunity in the recovery of stressed plants and increasing their survival rates. ...
Article
Full-text available
Sound plays a critical role in all life forms in one way or the other. Higher organism such as vertebrates have evolved sophisticated auditory organs to perceive as well as emit specific range of sound frequencies. Extensive studies have been done on implication of sound in animal kingdom. Plants at the other side lack specialized organs for the same, which makes them mysterious as well as interesting subjects. In recent years significant advancement has been made towards understanding of sound emission and perception in plants. Through this review an attempt is made to unveil the current advancements in plant acoustics, its significance in overcoming the environmental challenges, biotic threats, facilitating pollination, inter-kingdom communication for mutual benefits and learning by association. Along with this, the application of sound in boosting plant growth, yield, enhancing functional metabolite production, evading pests and postharvest management has been emphasized. In this respect, several examples are presented to strengthen our understanding of plant responses to sound at behavioural, physiological and molecular level. At last, in the light of existing knowledge, we discuss current challenges in plant acoustic research, ecological hazards associated with artificial sound wave treatments and plausible ways alleviate it.
... Exposure of plants to the musical frequencies resulted in higher plant height, higher number of leaves, and overall, more developed and healthier plants. Hou et al. (2009) reported that the yield of sweet pepper, cucumber, and tomato was higher by 63.05%, 67.1%, and 13.2%, respectively, with the application of acoustic frequency technology. Incidents of disease pests in treated tomato plants, viz. ...
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Food is the primary and ever-challenging necessity for human beings. The quest for alternate and environmentally safe ways to healthy crop production is a crucial concern for sustainable food security before modern civilization. Bioacoustics research has revealed that music has a positive impact on plants. The present research was conducted to find the impact of music with a qualitative change in the form of devotional music. The Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) crop was exposed to varied strengths of devotional music during the kharif season. A comparative evaluation of germination, vegetative, and reproductive growth parameters revealed significant improvement when exposed to devotional music. It was observed that the radical development and seed vigour index in the germinating seeds could be upregulated to the extent of 37.5% and 42.56%, respectively, with the application of devotional music in a range of 70-100dB for 1-3 hours per day. Plant shoot length, root length, leaf count, green weight, and dry weight could be enhanced by 19.11%, 36.37%, 32.43 %, 52.19%, and 33.91%, respectively, with the application of devotional music at 85±5 dB for 3 hours per day. The crop yield measured in the number of seeds produced and the total weight of the seeds produced increased by 131.25% and 159.46%, respectively, when treated with devotional music at 85±5 dB for 3 hours per day. It was found that exposure of the plants to devotional music could enhance their metabolic activities, resulting in higher growth and yield.
... QGWA-03 plant sound device (frequency range: 100-2000 Hz), tomato yield increased by 13.2% and gray mold disease decreased by 9.0% (Tianzhen et al., 2009). In a study, five different types of music (Indian classical music, Vedic chants, Western classical music and rock music) were played to the rose (Rosa chinensis) for 1 hour each in the morning and after sunset for 62 days. ...
Article
Full-text available
The effect of music on people has been known for years and is still being researched from different aspects. The effects of music and sound waves on ornamental plants, whose effects on some vegetables, fruits and grains are examined, are also inquired. Especially the positive change in the development and showiness of the flowers of ornamental plant species with commercial importance will increase the market value of the plant. Again, with the effect of this sound wave, in order for the plants and their flowers to show the expected development, they should benefit from the planting environment and growing conditions at the maximum level. In the measurements taken from hyacinths (Hyacinthus orientalis L.) at the end of the duration that the plants were exposed to different types of sounds in different intensities, it was observed that these factors positively affected these parameters successively; 1 hour of bird sound in 50 dB, the number of leaves; 1 hour of bird sound in 90 dB, leaf width and floret length; 3 hours of bird sound in 70 dB, floret number; 3 hours of bird sound in 90 dB, the plant and flower height; 1 hour of bee sound in 50 dB, the stem thickness; 3 hours of vehicle sound in 50 dB, flower and floret width; 3 hours of vehicle sound in 70 dB, leaf length. At the end of the study, whereas it was determined that the bee sound had the least effect on the growth and flowering of the hyacinth, it was observed that the bird and vehicle sounds, that the plants were expose to in different intensities and durations, had a positive effect.
... Recently plant acoustic frequency technology (PAFT) is being used to treat plants with an intermittent pulse of sound frequency with specific intensity. By applying PAFT treatment a significant increase in biological responses have been found in various fruits and vegetables (Meng et al., 2012a;Hou et al., 2009). The application of PAFT in greenhouses also had enhanced yields of vegetables with increased disease resistance capacity (Jiang and Huang, 2012). ...
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Full-text available
Plants are highly sensitive organisms and can indeed benefit from specific sound signals in multi-layered processes. Scientific evidences have shown the potential applications of sound wave treatment in plant biology. However, there are some limitations to sound wave treatment that must be overcome. We still do not understand how do plants initially perceive and recognize sound signals, which is very critical to maximize the effectiveness of the use of sound treatment from practical viewpoint. Proper setup of sound treatment equipment and detailed understanding and evaluation of the effects of selected frequencies and intensities along with sound exposure times are also very crucial during sound treatment. More experimental studies with different models need to be done in a multidisciplinary approach toward establishing suitable mechanism for sound treatment application in agriculture production. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of findings associated with potential effects of audible sound waves including music on different biological, physiological and biochemical processes in plants.
... The 'organ' responding to sound has not been identified in plants but may be a systemic response to vibrational waves through liquids in the plant as discussed above. A table in Jung et al. (2018) lists the results of studies on thirteen different plants and fruits, where effects range from yield changes and delayed ripening in tomatoes (Hou et al. 2009;Hassanien et al. 2014;Kim et al. 2018) to effects on photosynthesis (Kwon et al. 2012;Hassanien et al. 2014). Kim et al. (2018) later linked the tomato delayed ripening effects to regulation of both coding and non-coding RNAs and transcription factor genes. ...
Chapter
Bruno F. E. Matarèse, Jigar Lad, Colin Seymour, Paul N. Schofield, & Carmel Mothersill. (2023). Bio-acoustic signaling; exploring the potential of sound as a mediator of low-dose radiation and stress responses in the environment. In Environmental Radiobiology (pp. 87–99). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003432135-11
... The assimilation rate for plants stimulated with 350 Hz (60 dB) is the greatest compared to other treatments, including the control (Figure 4a). The current finding contradicts those of Hou et al. (2009), who reported that when using four speakers as sound wave treatment at a different planting distance in cotton, the minimum yield was obtained in plants grown at a relatively far distance (30 m) with a sound wave intensity range of 75-110 db. Evidence from another study showed that net photosynthesis measured weekly in strawberry plants treated with sound waves of 100 dB and a frequency of 40-2,000 Hz was not significant compared to the control (no sound wave), except during the fourth sound stimulation. ...
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... The assimilation rate for plants stimulated with 350 Hz (60 dB) is the greatest compared to other treatments, including the control (Figure 4a). The current finding contradicts those of Hou et al. (2009), who reported that when using four speakers as sound wave treatment at a different planting distance in cotton, the minimum yield was obtained in plants grown at a relatively far distance (30 m) with a sound wave intensity range of 75-110 db. Evidence from another study showed that net photosynthesis measured weekly in strawberry plants treated with sound waves of 100 dB and a frequency of 40-2,000 Hz was not significant compared to the control (no sound wave), except during the fourth sound stimulation. ...
Preprint
Full-text available
Various attempts have been made to increase rice production, including breeding for high-yielding and stress-tolerant varieties, a good crop management system, and increased agricultural input in rice production. Soundwave stimulation has been demonstrated to affect plant growth; thus, this method can be employed in the current rice production methods to improve yield. The study aims to determine the effects of different sound wave qualities on the general growth, physiological, and morphological of rice seedlings. Rice seeds of the MR219 variety were grown under a glasshouse condition in a nested design with five replications and were stimulated with various sound wave frequencies. Various sound wave frequencies, 380, 359, 357, 353, and 350 Hz, were obtained by placing the pot at varying distances (80, 160, 240, 320, and 400 cm, respectively) from the sound source, except control treatment. There were significant effects in some of the parameters: plant height, leaf physiology, and stomatal pore and length when treated with varying sound wave qualities. Plants can be stimulated with 380, 357, and 350 Hz soundwaves frequencies for the best photosynthetic experience. In addition, 359 Hz of sound wave stimulation resulted in high water use efficiency, which is beneficial in improving crop performance in drought conditions. Thus, it was demonstrated that the sound wave stimulation method has the potential to enhance rice performance in addition to the regular agronomic practices of rice production in farmers’ fields.
Article
Full-text available
In recent years, the idea has flourished that plants emit and perceive sound and could even be capable of exchanging information through the acoustic channel. While research into plant bioacoustics is still in its infancy, with potentially fascinating discoveries awaiting ahead, here we show that the current knowledge is not conclusive. While plants do emit sounds under biotic and abiotic stresses such as drought, these sounds are high‐pitched, of low intensity, and propagate only to a short distance. Most studies suggesting plant sensitivity to airborne sound actually concern the perception of substrate vibrations from the soil or plant part. In short, while low‐frequency, high‐intensity sounds emitted by a loudspeaker close to the plant seem to have tangible effects on various plant processes such as growth – a finding with possible applications in agriculture – it is unlikely that plants can perceive the sounds they produce, at least over long distances. So far, there is no evidence of plants communicating with each other via the acoustic channel.
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Full-text available
Responses of plants to environmental signals have been studied for a long time. These responses are exhibited in the form of morphological and physiological adaptations, and relaying the signal to environment (including other plants) through volatile organic compounds and extrinsic chemicals as well as proteins. However these signals do not correspond to the consciousness in the plants. Recent research in this field has produced evidence of non-physical signals e.g. sound and (electro) magnetic field. Plants produce such signals as well as perceive and respond to these signals. There are many novel techniques that have been used in last three-four decades to understand such signals, mostly acoustic signals. This review summarizes the old knowledge as well as recent developments in the area of generation, perception, integration and processing of acoustic signals by the plants as a response to the environment as well as to communicate among themselves. If understood fully, technological interventions and manipulations of these signals can add an extra tool for crop improvement.
Article
In this paper, FT-IR is used to investigate the effects of strong sound waves at different frequency and strength on the secondary conformation of the cell wall proteins of tobacco cells. The experiment shows the changes on the Amide I and Amide II . While the frequency is at 400Hz and the power is at 11OdB and 100dB,β⊥ sheet at Amide I transform into βII sheet, vibration form transform from ν⊥(π,0) to νII(0,0). While the power is at 90dB and the frequency is at 800Hz and 8000Hz, α helix at Amide II has little change. The result is helpful to understand the effects of strong sound wave on the plant cells.
Article
In this article, we adopt the apparatus invented by ourselves to investigate on the sound effects on paddy rice seeds in the germination index, height of stem, relative increase rate of fresh weight, rooting ability, activity of root system and the penetrability of cell membrane. The experiment results show that 400 Hz and 106 dB are the ‘best frequency and intensity’. But when the sound wave stimulation is in excess of 4 kHz or 111 dB, it is harmful for paddy rice seeds. The study not only validates sound field stimulation can certainly promote the growth of plant, but also indicates the practicability of the apparatus.
Article
More and more attentions have been taken to the effects of environmental stresses on the growth and development of plant cells and tissues. Making efforts on this field would enhance plant adaptability to varied environments and implement extensively efficient agricultural technologies. Using callus cultured from stalks of Actinidia chinensis, this study dealt with the effects of sound stimulation on plant cell energy metabolism, i.e., content of ATP. The results indicated that there occurs bi-directional effect of ATP content on sound field stimulation. The sound intensity of about 100 dB and sound frequency of approximately 1000 Hz are optimal external stresses for energy metabolism of A. chinensis. The experimental data showed that moderate sound field would be advantageous to growth and development of woody plants. The mechanisms of ATP content effects of sound stimulation on A. chinensis callus were comprehensively discussed in the light of cytobiology and molecular biology. Whereas the essential mechanisms of biological effects of environmental stresses remain further research.
Article
Environmental factors can greatly influence the growth of plants. In this paper, the effect of sound stimulation on the metabolism of chrysanthemum roots was studied and it was found that the growth of roots was not inhibited but accelerated under suitable sound stimulation. And the content of soluble sugar and protein and the activity of amylase all increased significantly, which indicated that sound stimulation could enhance the metabolism of roots and the growth of chrysanthemum.
Article
Studies on the sound characteristics of phylodendron performed by measuring the power of plant leaves with a laser beam found that the leaves of phylodendron could produce sound waves at relatively low frequencies (from 50 Hz to 120 Hz). Furthermore, it was found that those leaves could accept external sound wave stimulations, with frequencies lower than 150 Hz giving the strongest responses. When the plants were under stress, such as drought, the sound emissions from the plant's leaves increased approximately 20-30 dB, while the range of response to external sound wave stimulation decreased 10-20 dB. However, these increased emissions returned to normal six minutes after watering. When the stainless steel needles were inserted into the petiole of the plant, spontaneous sound production was increased about 40 dB for the main vein and 6 dB for the mesophyll. This is our third report on experimental evidence that plants might have a meridian system as in humans and other animals.
Article
Agri-wave technology is composed of both a special frequency sound wave and a microelement fertilizer. In both components, the effect of sound waves on plants is more than that of fertilizers, but the best function is a combination of the two. Treatment by Agri-wave technology stimulated the growth rate and increased the yield of spinach. In small plot tests, the length and width of the treated spinach leaf was 50.8 cm and 20.3 cm, respectively, whereas the untreated leaves were 29.20 cm and 8.9 cm. The fresh weight of treated spinach was 0.42 kg. This was 5.5 times higher than that of the untreated spinach. In large area testing (17 hectares), the results of two tests show that the yields of the treated spinach were increased 22.7% and 22.2% over those of the control group. Sugar content of the treated spinach was increased by 37.5%, vitamin A, C, and B were increased 35.63%, 41.67% and 40.00%, respectively, above the levels of the control group. Niacin content was decreased by 7.69%. Of 33 elements analyzed in the spinach, 29 elements were increased by Agri-wave technology. The spinach was infected with "rot disease" in the control group while there was no disease present in the treated group. In greenhouse testing, the average weight of 3 species of lettuce treated by Agri-wave technology was increased 44.10% over that of the control group (P < 0.0001). The average weight of 3 species of lettuce by only sound and only fertilizer treated separately increased 29.92% and 16.19% above that of the control group (P < 0.0001). Sampling survey results in the field test were comparable to the above mentioned greenhouse test. The fresh weight of treated lettuce by Agri-wave technology was increased 41.67% over that of the control group (P < 0.0001). The fresh weight of treated lettuce by only sound and only fertilizer was increased 30.88% and 19.61%, respectively, over the control group (both P < 0.0001).
The biological effects of plant caused by environmental stress stimulation
  • Liu Yiyao
  • Wang Bochu
  • Zhao Hucheng
Liu Yiyao, Wang Bochu, Zhao Hucheng, et al. The biological effects of plant caused by environmental stress stimulation[J].