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Satisfaction of women in climateric stage in Brisas del Golfo, República Boliviariana de Venezuela (2005-2007)
Abstract
Introduction: climateric is the time in which women change of the reproductive status to that non-reproductive and account for a third of the female life; the study on how women perceive this so called complicated period is considered necessary to offer a special care to health. Objective: to describe the personal satisfaction of women in climateric stage. Methods: a descriptive study was conducted in Brisas del Golfo, Sucre state from july, 2005 to July, 2007. Universe included 256 women aged between 45 and 59. An intentional sampling was carried out and sample included 80 women. The information collection authors applied a close survey as a measurement tool of personal satisfaction validated by Universidad de La Habana (ISP-RLEBA). Results: the 81.3 % of women refers its satisfaction when they have sexual intercourse, the 74.5 % has common goals achieved with the partner, the 65 % feels satisfaction to be the responsible of care of relatives, between the 93.8 and the 75 % of women has a life project and the 96.3 % is satisfied with her family. Conclusions: most of climateric women has a positive overview of her life in couple with common goals, perceiving a great wellbeing with her task as care responsible of family. They are satisfied with her family and perceive wellbeing with a positive way on health.
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A descriptive study of the whole female population aged 40-59 years cared for by the doctor's office # 16 of "Jorge Ruíz Ramírez" polyclinics was carried out, taking the family medical history classification record of the doctor's office as a basis. They were given a questionnaire to find out some aspects of the climateric and menopause process such as age at menopause and its possible relation with age at menarche, number of children, smoking, educational level, occupation and marital status of the patients. Chi-square, Fisher's test and Z test were used as statistical methods to compare ratios. It is concluded that average age at which menopause appeared in these patients was 47,7 years and it was not associated with menarche, number of children or smoking. The majority of them were workers with middle educational level and the highest percentage showed a fixed mate.
This paper in aimed at identifying the impact of the socioenvironmental factors on the biological process of climateric. 38 women who considered their climateric as critical were studied and selected from a group of 200 that attended the physician's office specialized in climateric at the «Ramón González Coro» Gynecoobstetric Hospital, in Havana City. Belsky's ecological model was used to make the analysis and it was observed that the gender conditioning permeates all the levels of analysis in this model. The family and couple's dynamics are frequently based on subordination relationships, since the cultural patterns that characterize the macrosystem respond to a patriarchal culture where social reproduction is women's responsibility. The physiological readjustments typical of climateric are a labile substratum for the impact of the social factors and they are expressed at individual scale through states of depression, anxiety and irritability, which are wrongly attributed to climateric or to menopause and no to the social overcharge propitiated by the gender relationships. The characteristics of the macrosystem do not allow to identify gender as a felt need.
This paper draws on data collected from village-based ethnographic research conducted in northeast Thailand in 1990-1991 and highlights the polarities and contradictions of perceptions of menopause that exist between village women and health personnel with whom these women interact. For village women until recently, the menopause has been regarded as a simple and natural biological event; for health professionals, it is consistently represented as a 'medical problem' indicating treatment. The paper highlights women's construction of menopause, and their recognition and management of its physical symptoms. It draws attention too to differences among women and to the dynamic nature of their understandings and consequent health-seeking behaviour. The paper also describes the way in which health providers, through their own training and reading of professional and popular journals, increasingly represent the menopause as a pathological process and treatable condition. Through the exploration of conflicting perceptions of the menopause among contemporary Thai women, the paper draws attention to the heterogeneity and fluidity in understandings of biological processes that are related to and reflect the wider social and economic changes to which they are subject.