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Abstract

This paper presents an understanding of what it means to be a teacher in a school defined as 'rural'. From a sociological perspective, we consider the mechanisms and ways of knowing that are adopted by a teacher for understanding not only the external world but for being a certain kind of teacher for a school in a rural setting. Employing data techniques from life history and collage compositions, data was produced with a teacher we have named Hilton. The data focused on his daily lived experiences and the social realities of working in the context of rural education to offer an expanded social and collective approach to teacher identity. Through his story, as told and experienced by him, we foreground dominant discourses at work in a rural context, and show how specific discourses define Hilton's life and work as a teacher in specific ways. Despite the challenges and adversities he faces, we show how as a teacher he chooses to negotiate - through resistance and complicity - the discourses that dominate rural schooling and its culture, learners, teachers and communities. The article concludes that a teacher's capacity to disrupt and challenge stereotypical meanings of rural schooling involves ongoing dialogue with the self, with teachers, with learners and the wider community.
1
To whom it may concern
Please be advised that Mrs S Saloojee was a student participant in the NRF
funded project, Every Voice Counts. I include an excerpt from the report below:
Excerpt from final NRF Every Voice Counts Report
5.5 Students
List all students who have obtained a higher qualification through their
involvement in this research project.
(Please add boxes if required one for each student).
Name of student
(title, initials, surname)
Mrs S Saloojee
Citizenship
SA
Degree Awarding
Institution
UKZN
Department
Education
Race
Indian
Gender
F
Date degree awarded
(month & year)
April 2010
Level of Degree
Masters
Title of
Thesis/Dissertation
Portraits of rural schooling: What does it mean to be a
teacher in a rural school?
Supported by the NRF
(yes/no)
Yes
If yes, from which
programme
IRDP
Disabled (yes/no)
No
Publications from M Ed study
Research Article
Status (e.g.
published, submitted,
accepted for
publication)
Publishe
d
Perspectives in Education
2
Dr D. Pillay
S. Saloojee
Revisiting rurality and schooling: A teacher’s story.
2011
2012
Kind regards
Prof N de Lange
HIV & AIDS Education Research Chair
Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University
Faculty of Education
11-0G-002
South Campus
University Way
Port Elizabeth
Tel: 27-41-5044519
Fax:27-41-5044519
... If schools opt for extra classes beyond the stipulated school hours, parents should be involved. According to Pillay and Saloojee (2012) there is a pressing need for a sound relationship between the teachers, learners, and parents. This assertion is confirmed by Segoe and Bisschoff (2019) that parental involvement in school activities determine their children's educational achievements and development since it has a direct impact on improving learner attitudes and improving positive parent-teacher relations. ...
... Our findings confirm the results of a study conducted by Pillay and Saloojee (2012) that challenges in teaching and learning are not unique to rural schooling and teachers who teach in rural schools. Du Plessis and Mestry (2019), however, feel that the deprived socio-economic status of parents in rural areas places learners at a financial disadvantage. ...
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Grade 12 learners, in many instances, have early and late classes unlike the rest of the learners in the school. Sometimes their classes run over weekends and during school holidays. The aim of this study was to establish whether there was value in subjecting learners to extra classes over and above their normal class periods. We used the qualitative approach and purposive sampling to select the sample. The teaching of only 1 subject, accounting, was studied and the value of extra classes evaluated. Schools in the KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa, that have consistently produced a 100% pass rate over a period of 3 years were selected to participate in the study. Data were collected using an interview schedule. The analysis of the data confirms that there is value in subjecting learners to more teaching because there is a direct relationship between teaching and learner performance. The worked example effect, as recommended through the cognitive load theory, was found to be dominant among the teaching strategies that accounting teachers used in extra classes.
... The chapter writing was facilitated by Daisy Pillay, a teacher educator, educational researcher, and graduate supervisor working to support teacher learning and teacher change. In her own professional learning and scholarship, Daisy has engaged in collaborative co-construction to engage reflexively with visual and written narratives of self as expressive spaces for autobiographical remembering that involves cognitive, motivational, and affective aspects (Pillay and Govinden 2007;Pillay and Pithouse-Morgan 2016;Pillay and Saloojee 2012). For this mosaic chapter, she facilitated the integration of two autobiographical teacher explorations, which draw on critical reflections of self-narratives and found photographs. ...
Chapter
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This chapter draws multi-methodologically on self-narratives and the visual meaning- making perspective of found photographs. The chapter uses self-narrative accounts and found photographs to access, examine, and reflect on memories and past experiences, and to inquire reflexively into imagining teacher-researchers’ lives differently. The exemplars are drawn from Sagie Naicker’s and Wendy Rawlinson’s doctoral research. These exemplars illustrate how the meaning- making potential of found photographs of self, and narrative accounts of self, can combine to embody “excitement and emotion” for knowing teacher- researcher- self differently.
... Girls who fall pregnant and register their babies at the Department of Home Affairs may also claim financial child support, which is minimal. Child-headed households are common, and many other households only comprise of children and grandparents as the parents have passed on due to AIDS (Pillay & Saloojee, 2012). ...
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This article attends to rural school leadership in two South African schools through the lens of the concepts of relational leadership and emotional labour. The inquiry draws on five years of guided conversations and observations that speak to leadership experiences of hope and anticipation as well as despair and disillusionment. I worked with one black male principal and one black female school principal from two rural schools in South Africa. Over time, the tone of their narratives changed from hope to hopelessness and resignation. The findings spoke to how commitment and care were overcome by the educational challenges, which involved hunger and poverty, orphaned learners, teen pregnancy, rape, departmental criticism and lack of support. Theoretically, this inquiry draws on the theories of relational leadership and emotional labour in rural education and empirical evidence was drawn from narrative inquiry.
... Transformative leadership seems to be even more appropriate for teachers in rural schools, as they are constantly exposed to poor working conditions, low socio-economic conditions and limited resources (DoBE 2011;Ebersöhn and Ferreira 2012;UNESCO 2005). This environment has a tendency to influence the way in which teachers define themselves, in this case, as rural teachers (Pillay and Saloojee 2012). The schools in the rural areas struggle to attract and retain teachers in spite of attempts to address issues such as resources, multi-grade teaching and teacher training (DoBE 2011). ...
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History teachers are expected to teach in a manner that displays and adheres to democratic values and principles. Most importantly, these teachers have to experience an open, dialogical and engaging form of leadership from their immediate curriculum leaders at school in order to promote democratic citizenship in their classrooms. This expectation has an impact on how school-based curriculum leadership is supposed to be provided. This paper reports on a qualitative study conducted with history teachers based in rural schools on their views of the kind of school-based curriculum leadership provided by the head of department/subject head for history in their schools. The results from the focus group discussions revealed that history teachers are exposed to rigid, checklist-oriented approaches that stifle the development and enhancement of the values which help in entrenching democratic principles. There is therefore a need for a more caring, developmental and transformative approach to curriculum leadership, especially in rural schools which struggle to attract and retain teachers. © 2014, Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All right reserved.
... Transformative leadership seems to be even more appropriate for teachers in rural schools, as they are constantly exposed to poor working conditions, low socio-economic conditions and limited resources (DoBE 2011;Ebersöhn and Ferreira 2012;UNESCO 2005). This environment has a tendency to influence the way in which teachers define themselves, in this case, as rural teachers (Pillay and Saloojee 2012). The schools in the rural areas struggle to attract and retain teachers in spite of attempts to address issues such as resources, multi-grade teaching and teacher training (DoBE 2011). ...
Article
Full-text available
History teachers are expected to teach in a manner that displays and adheres to democratic values and principles. Most importantly, these teachers have to experience an open, dialogical and engaging form of leadership from their immediate curriculum leaders at school in order to promote democratic citizenship in their classrooms. This expectation has an impact on how school-based curriculum leadership is supposed to be provided. This paper reports on a qualitative study conducted with history teachers based in rural schools on their views of the kind of school-based curriculum leadership provided by the head of department/subject head for history in their schools. The results from the focus group discussions revealed that history teachers are exposed to rigid, checklist-oriented approaches that stifle the development and enhancement of the values which help in entrenching democratic principles. There is therefore a need for a more caring, developmental and transformative approach to curriculum leadership, especially in rural schools which struggle to attract and retain teachers. Keywords: History teaching, curriculum, curriculum leadership, transformative leadership.
Chapter
“‘To Seek Out Something More’: Knowing the Teacher-Researcher Self Differently Through Self-narrative Writing and Found Photographs” by Daisy Pillay, Sagie Naicker, and Wendy Rawlinson showcases the power of found photographs for evoking, constructing, and reconstructing memory in written self-narratives. The exemplars are drawn from Sagie Naicker’s and Wendy Rawlinson’s doctoral research in South Africa. Sagie drew on selected photographs to examine how his disability identity influenced his leadership practice, and his journey as an activist seeking social justice for people with disabilities. Wendy’s found photograph evoked a bodily experience of being transported to a more imaginative space that triggered her curiosity for aesthetic pedagogical adventuring in her racially diverse classroom. Taken as a whole, the chapter demonstrates how, drawing multi-methodologically on self-narratives and the visual meaning making perspective of found photographs, the scholarship of self-awareness of teachers’ ways of being, knowing, and doing can make significant contributions to teacher professional learning.
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This study assessed the effectiveness of the current strategies for implementing continuing professional teacher development (CPTD) programs in rural junior secondary schools in one Eastern Cape Education District in South Africa. An interpretive paradigm that allowed the use of a qualitative research design was adopted. Eighteen participants took part in the study. Qualitative data was collected through semi-structured interviews and the data was analyzed qualitatively. Findings suggest that strategies for implementing CPTD programs did not impact the teachers’ classroom practices. Results also indicate that teachers were not motivated to attend out-ofschool CPTD programs as they felt not rewarded by such programs. Teachers preferred professional development that was within the school. Moreover, findings indicate that teachers had already started engaging in communities of practice in their schools on their own. Lastly, findings equally show that district officials were not visiting schools. This study concludes that CPTD programs must continue to exist with the intentions to finding lasting solutions to implement effective strategies. Some recommendations have been made.
Article
This paper draws from a completed study that assessed the effectiveness of the current strategies for implementing CPTD programmes in rural junior secondary schools in a rural Education District of Eastern Cape Province. The researchers argue that the rurality of the continuing professional development of teachers resonates from the comprehensive failures of specific education policies in addressing various historical challenges of life in rural South Africa. Rural schools are confronted with poor schooling conditions, high levels of illiteracy, lack of parental participation, poor transportation, non-attendance and shortage of teachers. Resulting from the introduction of numerous new curriculums in South Africa, rural schools’ inadequacies alongside the inconsistencies in the ruralurban education policies’ dichotomy and implementation have been significantly exposed. The paper concludes that it would seem most plausible to suggest that the professional development needs of rural teachers should be addressed differently in rural areas. Some recommendations have been suggested.
Chapter
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Helping youth understand and shape what happens in local life as a means of constructing attachment to place and prioritizing knowledge production over consumption is of increasing importance to educators interested in democracy. Promoting such aims in the face of competing pressures to conform to informal networks of power and control in schools can be challenging for any teacher, particularly novices. In this chapter, I examine how my past experiences as a beginning teacher in a rural elementary school in the Northeast USA, where I pioneered curricular and pedagogical innovations in a small rural community, helped inform my efforts to navigate political complexity as a teacher educator. Drawing from personal journals and documents from my years as a beginning teacher, alongside transcripts of recent conversations with former colleagues who helped shape the political climate of my rural context, I illuminate multiple realities of rural school politics. Fifteen years later, how do I un/knowingly re-experience the realities of marginalization, values, and place as a teacher educator? How have they influenced my pedagogical purposes, practices, and priorities? What is their broader relevance to rural teacher education, internationally, today?
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Although narrative inquiry has a long intellectual history both in and out of education, it is increasingly used in studies of educational experience. One theory in educational research holds that humans are storytelling organisms who, individually and socially, lead storied lives. Thus, the study of narrative is the study of the ways humans experience the world. This general concept is refined into the view that education and educational research is the construction and reconstruction of personal and social stories; learners, teachers, and researchers are storytellers and characters in their own and other's stories. In this paper we briefly survey forms of narrative inquiry in educational studies and outline certain criteria, methods, and writing forms, which we describe in terms of beginning the story, living the story, and selecting stories to construct and reconstruct narrative plots. Certain risks, dangers, and abuses possible in narrative studies are discussed. We conclude by describing a two-part research agenda for curriculum and teacher studies flowing from stories of experience and narrative inquiry.
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This paper draws upon data from an ongoing series of life history interviews with a young lesbian PE teacher, called Jessica (a pseudonym), who has recently started her career in a secondary school. Various moments from her life as told and written are provided in order to present a view of schooling from a particular standpoint that, for the most part, has been repressed. Therefore, how Jessica experiences homophobia and heterosexism in educational institutions, how she relates these experiences to other moments in her life, and the identity management strategies she adopts to cope with specific situations, provide important insights into a reality that is oppositional to the taken‐for‐granted reality of the dominant and privileged sexual class in schools, that is, heterosexuals. These insights illustrate how Jessica is systematically denied an essential freedom that is systematically granted to heterosexual teachers in a way that legitimises a distinction between her private and public lives that is partial, distorting and perverse. It is concluded that taking action against homophobia and heterosexism is the responsibility of all educators regardless of their sexual identity.
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Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) describes a growing family of approaches and methods to enable local people to share, enhance and analyze their knowledge of life and conditions, to plan and to act. PRA has sources in activist participatory research, agroecosystem analysis, applied anthropology, field research on farming systems, and rapid rural appraisal (RRA). In RRA information is more elicited and extracted by outsiders; in PRA it is more shared and owned by local people. Participatory methods include mapping and modeling, transect walks, matrix scoring, seasonal calendars, trend and change analysis, well-being and wealth ranking and grouping, and analytical diagramming. PRA applications include natural resources management, agriculture, poverty and social programs, and health and food security. Dominant behavior by outsiders may explain why it has taken until the 1990s for the analytical capabilities of local people to be better recognized and for PRA to emerge, grow and spread.