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Allantoin - Healing and anti-inflammatory properties
Abstract
Allantoin is a derivative of urea exhibits keratolytic action by affecting desmosomy, which are connections between corneocytes. Allantoin by doing so you get rid of excess keratinized epidermis. At the same time by stimulating cell division and epithelization, accelerates the regeneration process of damaged skin inflammation. Allantoin also has strong moisturizing properties and a high safety of the therapy - is not allergenic, does not cause skin irritation. Because of these properties, allantoin is widely used in cosmetics and pharmacy. It is an ingredient of many preparations intended for dry skin, acne or allergy. He is also a frequent component of after-sun preparations, deodorants, shampoos, bubble baths, and above all the local dermatological drugs. Allantoin contained in an ointment or cream accelerates the exfoliation of dead skin cells, making the skin smoother. Thanks to the allantoin accelerating the proliferation of epithelial cells also occurs to quicker recovery of the skin, making skin more easily retain more water and to rebuild the protective hydro-lipid coat. Resolve a troublesome subjective symptoms associated with dry skin, especially the feeling of tension and burning. Preparations containing allantoin is also recommended as an adjunct in the treatment of chronic skin diseases with impaired keratosis or skin damage, such as atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, psoriasis, ichthyosis, ulcers or burns. Complementary therapy, external preparations containing allantoin, significantly reduces symptoms and improves the quality of life of the patient.
... Boraginaceae family that usually grow in temperate and subtropical regions (49). Also known as 5-ureidohydantoin or glyoxyldiureide, allantoin is a metabolic component of uric acid oxidation products in organisms, and it is natural and safe (47,49). ...
... Boraginaceae family that usually grow in temperate and subtropical regions (49). Also known as 5-ureidohydantoin or glyoxyldiureide, allantoin is a metabolic component of uric acid oxidation products in organisms, and it is natural and safe (47,49). In addition to its keratolytic effect that helps in the dissolution of the stratum corneum that holds cells together and increases skin smoothness, it has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects (49). ...
... Also known as 5-ureidohydantoin or glyoxyldiureide, allantoin is a metabolic component of uric acid oxidation products in organisms, and it is natural and safe (47,49). In addition to its keratolytic effect that helps in the dissolution of the stratum corneum that holds cells together and increases skin smoothness, it has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects (49). Patented drugs that contain allantoin are used for complementary therapies in the treatment of several dermatological diseases, such as dermatitis, psoriasis, ichthyosis, and burns and healing of wounds (2). ...
Aim:
To investigate the effects of Contractubex® (Cx) on peripheral nerve regeneration and scar formation.
Material and methods:
A surgical procedure involving sciatic nerve incision in 24 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats followed by epineural suturing was performed. In weeks 4 and 12 following surgery, macroscopic, histological, functional, and electromyographic examinations of the sciatic nerve were conducted.
Results:
No significant difference was found between the Cx group and the control group in terms of sciatic function index (SFI) and distal latency results at week 4 (p > 0.05). However, significant improvements in the Cx group were observed in SFI amplitudes and nerve action potentials at week 12 (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Significant improvements were found in the amplitudes of nerve action potentials in the treatment group after weeks 4 and 12 (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively). Macroscopically and histopathologically, epidural fibrosis decreased (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively). For both measurement times, the treatment group had significantly higher numbers of axons (week 4, p < 0.05; week 12, p < 0.001), and the treatment group had better results regarding its axon area (weeks 4 and 12, p < 0.001) and myelin thickness (weeks 4 and 12, p < 0.05).
Conclusion:
Cx, which is applied topically in peripheral nerve injury, affects axonal regeneration and axonal maturation positively and reduces the functional loss.
... Vol. 3, №2 (2017): 14-28. 15 RESEARCH RESULT: PHARMACOLOGY AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY all of them meet the requirements for adequate wound healing preparations [3,4]. ...
... Its topical application increased the wound-disruption strength, and reduced malondialdehyde and histamine level in the wound tissue [10,11]. Allantoin was also considered to be one of the highest potential agents; this component is noted to be a low molecular heterocyclic compound having a wound healing effect due to stimulation of fibroblast proliferation and synthesis of extracellular matrix; this leads to the formation of a negligible scar [12,13,14,15,16]. ...
... As for allantoin, it accelerates the growth of connective tissue, bones, and cartilages, has an antioxidant and moderate anti-inflammatory effect [26], helps remove young keloid scars, is included as a compound in the sunburn protective creams. It has been histologically proved that allantoin provides restoration of the damaged skin; mechanisms of the allantoin wound healing action are considered to be regulation of inflammatory response by inhibiting immune cell chemotaxis in the wound area, prevention of reactive oxygen intermediate release, stimulation of fibroblast proliferation and matrix synthesis, ability to reduce the number of inflammatory cells, which leads to formation of more negligible scar similar to healthy skin [12,15,16]. ...
Fedosov P.A., Nikolaevsky V.A., Chernov Y.N., Buzlama A.V., Slivkin A.I., Provotorova S.I. Preclinical study of the efficacy and safety of wound healing gel containing chitosan, taurine and allantoin. Abstract Introduction: The paper deals with the problem of wound healing, which is considered to remain one of the most pressing challenges of the modern medicine, despite a large variety of wound healing preparations. This results from a high level of domestic and military traumatism of the population, and the fact that many registered medications do not meet the requirements for modern wound healing preparations. Objectives: To develop gel containing chitosan, taurine, allantoin, and to experime ntally investigate its wound healing properties in pre-clinical studies on laboratory animals. Methods: The methodological approach was based on a range of theoretical, pharmacological, toxicological, histological, statistical, physico-chemical, biopharmaceutical, rheological methods, which ensured the development of an optimal, safe and effective wound healing preparation in the gel dosage form. Results: The developed chitosan gel containing taurine and allantoin meets the major modern requirements for wound and burn care. Physico-chemical compatibility of the chitosan gel components with taurine and allantoin were proved in the experimental studies. When applied either singly or repeatedly on the skin, the developed gel is reported to be of low toxicity; i n case of linear wounds, it demonstrates wound-healing properties, ensuring the increase of wound-disruption strength 1.5 times more in comparison with the control; in case of planar full-thickness skin wounds, it provides earlier complete healing (4 days earlier than in the control) and full epithelium recovery in the area of a wound defect. The given gel possesses burn-treating properties exceeding the efficiency of the "Solcoseryl" gel and reducing the half-healing period by 28%. When applied topically, the chitosan gel containing taurine and allantoin reveals anti-inflammatory and capillary-protective properties of moderate degree. Conclusion: It is possible to use 1.0% chitosan gel with 4.0% taurine and 0.5% allantoin to accelerate healing and provide epithelization without cosmetic defects of conditionally aseptic wounds and thermal skin burns up to IIIa degree to 1% of the body surface area; the gel should be applied 1-3 times a day locally, 0.5 g directly to the wound surface.
... Comfrey also contains tannins and pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which contribute to its anti-inflammatory and wound-healing effects [342,343]. ...
The skin shows the physiological condition of the body’s organs and systems that prevent infections and physical damage. Throughout the ages, in folk medicine, phytotherapy was considered a primary form of treatment in all countries, including Kazakhstan, due to the abundance and availability of plant-based remedies. This paper discusses several medicinal plants that are traditionally used in the treatment of skin diseases in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The chemical composition of these plants was analyzed, with a particular focus on the biologically active basic compounds responsible for their therapeutic efficiency in treating skin ailments.
... Among many effects, allantoin is recognized for its skin-protectant, moisturizing and keratolytic properties. Allantoin has also been found to have wound-healing properties by helping to proliferate epithelial cells and debriding the necrotic tissue [37]. ...
Three individual hydroalcoholic extracts derived from Hamamelis virginiana leaves, Krameria lappacea root, Salix alba bark, and the resulting herbal mixture (HM) were assessed for the phytochemical profile as well as for antibacterial and cytotoxic potential. The chemical composition of the individual extracts and of their mixture was analyzed by chromatographical (LC-MS) and spectrophotometrical methods. The antimicrobial properties were evaluated by using the agar-well diffusion and the broth microdilution assays, whereas the potential cytotoxicity was investigated on human keratinocyte cell line by MTT method and apoptosis test. The HM composition revealed important amounts of valuable polyphenolic compounds provided from the individual extracts, having synergistic biological effects. All tested extracts displayed in vitro antimicrobial properties, with a significantly higher efficacy noticed for the HM when tested against Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, none of the tested extracts was responsible for in vitro cytotoxicity against the human keratinocytes in the selected concentration range. Furthermore, the HM was included in an oil-in-water cream for the nonpharmacological treatment of seborrheic dermatitis, developed and optimized by using a QbD approach. A D-optimal experimental plan with four factors that varied on two levels was used to investigate the effect of the quantitative variation of the formulation factors (emulsifier, co-emulsifier, thickening agent, oily phase ratio) on the characteristics of the cream in terms of firmness, consistency, adhesiveness, stringiness, spreadability, and viscosity. Based on the experimental results, an optimal formulation containing 2.5% emulsifier and 20% oily phase was prepared and analyzed. The obtained results showed appropriate quality characteristics of this novel cream, which may be used in the future to manage the associated symptoms of seborrheic dermatitis.
... Since allantoin exhibits antioxidant properties, it has also been used in cosmetics and topical medicinal preparations to treat skin conditions (Selamoglu, Dusgun, Akgul, & Gulhan, 2017). Allantoin is a safe treatment that promotes cell division and epithelial tissue formation while accelerating the healing of damaged skin (Elżbieta, 2012). ...
Background: Peripheral nerve injuries are a common health problem resulting in a decreased quality of life. Treatment of peripheral nerve injuries is complex and depends on location, intensity, and type of nerve injury. Allantoin is an antioxidant found in plants that enhance wound healing. It promotes the proliferation of cells by improving peripheral nerve function. This study aimed to investigate the long term effects of intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of allantoin on peripheral nerve healing in an experimental sciatic nerve crush in a rat model.
Materials and Methods: Twenty male Wistar albino rats were
randomly divided into four groups. Control (Cont) Group did not
receive any special protocol for 60 days. Crush (Cr) Group was induced to crush. Allantoin (A) Group received 10 mg/kg of allantoin i.p. for 60 days. Crush + Allantoin (Cr+A) Group was induced to crush and given 10 mg/kg of allantoin i.p. for 60 days. After 60 days all rats were sacrificed following electromyography (EMG).
Results: Allantoin was revealed to enhance the peripheral nerve
function in terms of amplitude and latency.
Conclusion: The i.p. administration of allantoin may have a positive effect on peripheral nerve healing.
... Since allantoin exhibits antioxidant properties, it has also been used in cosmetics and topical medicinal preparations to treat skin conditions (Selamoglu, Dusgun, Akgul, & Gulhan, 2017). Allantoin is a safe treatment that promotes cell division and epithelial tissue formation while accelerating the healing of damaged skin (Elżbieta, 2012). ...
Background: Peripheral nerve injuries are a common health problem resulting in a decreased quality of life. Treatment of peripheral nerve injuries is complex and depends on location, intensity, and type of nerve injury. Allantoin is an antioxidant found in plants that enhance wound healing. It promotes the proliferation of cells by improving peripheral nerve function. This study aimed to investigate the long term effects of intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of allantoin on peripheral nerve healing in an experimental sciatic nerve crush in a rat model. Materials and Methods: Twenty male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups. Control (Cont) Group did not receive any special protocol for 60 days. Crush (Cr) Group was induced to crush. Allantoin (A) Group received 10 mg/kg of allantoin i.p. for 60 days. Crush + Allantoin (Cr+A) Group was induced to crush and given 10 mg/kg of allantoin i.p. for 60 days. After 60 days all rats were sacrificed following electromyography (EMG). Results: Allantoin was revealed to enhance the peripheral nerve function in terms of amplitude and latency. Conclusion: The i.p. administration of allantoin may have a positive effect on peripheral nerve healing.
... Allantoin functions to protect plants from damage due to oxidative stress caused by ROS [26] . Allantoin able to protect the skin from irritation, to heal wounds, and to grow new tissue in damaged skin [27] . The total phenolic and flavonoid content of the MO hydroethanolic extract are lower and higher, respectively, compared with the ethanol extract (Table 2) [28] . ...
Moringa oleifera (MO) leaves have biological activities that are beneficial for improving health. In vitro studies show that its bioactive compounds prevent the development of some degenerative diseases. This study aimed to determine the bioactive compounds in hydroethanolic extracts of MO leave powder to measure its antioxidative and antimutagenic activity and to evaluate its ability to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) as a therapeutic target by in silico study. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to detect the bioactive compounds in hydroethanolic extract of MO leave powder. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was used to measure the antioxidant activity. The antimutagenic activity was measured by using the free radical treated plasmid pBR322. Molecular docking was used to determine the interaction of the bioactive compounds and the Mpro of SARS-CoV-2. Total phenolic and flavonoids compounds of MO leave powder hydroethanolic extract are 50.02±0.14 mg GAE/g and 445.07 ± 4.09 mg QE/g, respectively. The main bioactive compounds in the hydroethanolic extract are Guanine and Luteolin-7-O-glucoside. The antioxidant activity of hydroethanolic extract of leave powder is IC50 118.9 ± 0.2 µg/mL, which is stronger than the standard BHT IC50 11.60 ± 0.30 µg/mL. The MO hydroethanolic extract also has the ability to protect DNA damage. In silico studies show strong energy bonds of Mpro molecules with Guanine and Luteolin-7-O-glucoside, and the binding energy values are-6.2 and-8.4 kcal/mol, respectively. The hydroethanolic extract of MO leaf powder contains Guanine and Luteolin-7-O-glucoside. It has excellent antioxidant activity, and the ability to maintain DNA integrity or antimutagenic properties. As bioactive compounds, Guanine and Luteolin-7-O-glucoside, have the ability to attach Mpro of SARS-CoV-2. In silico study indicates that hydroethanolic extract of MO leave powder can act as a medicinal ingredient that has anti SARS-CoV-2 properties.
The skin is the largest and the most important organ of our body, meets a number of key functions: passive (protection) and active (secretory, sensory). We have to take care of it even, when it is healthy and to prevent the disease. Primary care is the proper cleaning and moisturizing. It should also protect against abrasions. It should not be overexposed to the UV radiation, low or high temperatures, wind and high humidity. Adverse effects on the skin are also irritants. The specific structure of the skin of newborns and infants necessitates constant, very careful and thorough skin care and rapid response in the event of even a minor irritation and damage. The safest cosmetic products for infants are mild, pH-neutral cleaner with no added colours or fragrances. Do not forget about protection from sunlight and use sunscreen regularly. In teenage skin we have problems with tattoos, piercings, excessive flaming in solariums. These situations have a very negative effect on the skin and require special care. The daily skin care of adults is necessary. We must use a systematic and continuous creams tailored to the age, health of the skin and the conditions in which we live. Skin care should be a daily habit. Choosing skin care products should be guided by three principles: it should be tailored to the age and needs of your skin, do not contain preservatives and fragrances, should be affordable, so we can use it every day.
To evaluate and characterize the wound healing process profile induced by allantoin incorporated in soft lotion oil/water emulsion using the planimetric and histological methods.
Female Wistar rats (n=60) were randomly assigned to 3 experimental groups: (C) control group-without treatment; (E) group treated with soft lotion O/W emulsion excipients; (EA) group treated with soft lotion O/W emulsion containing allantoin 5%. The emulsions either containing or not allantoin were topically administered for 14 days and the wound area was evaluated by planimetry and by qualitative and quantitative histological analysis of open wound model.
The data which were obtained and analyzed innovate by demonstrating, qualitatively and quantitatively, by histological analysis, the profile of healing process induced by allantoin. The results suggest that the wound healing mechanism induced by allantoin occurs via the regulation of inflammatory response and stimulus to fibroblastic proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis.
This work show, for the first time, the histological wound healing profile induced by allantoin in rats and demonstrated that it is able to ameliorate and fasten the reestablishment of the normal skin.
Research into the structure and function of the stratum corneum has increased substantially over the past two decades. Therefore our understanding of the role of desquamatory process in the normal functioning of the skin has also increased. Perturbation of the desquamatory process leads to dry skin regardless the cause. The dry skin condition has been shown to be largely due to the inhibition of corneodesmosomal degradative process, with the resultant retention of these binding complexes in the superficial layers of stratum corneum. The underlying cause appears to be loss of water from the tissue due to perturbations of one or both of the systems which are primarily responsible for maintaining stratum corneum water content; namely NMF and barrier iipids. The most effective treatment for the dry skin is moisturization with either traditional occlusive agents or humectants or new methodologies. Moisturizing agents, which supplement the barrier lipids, either by direct application or by increasing intrinsic lipogenesis are becoming available. In addition enhancing corneodesmosomal degradation provides new fields for novel moisturizing products. Contemporary patients expect dermatologists and pharmacists to be able to recommend treatment for various dry skin conditions upon evidence-based medicine.
Emollients are topical agents with moisturizing, lubricating and smoothing properties. The most important action of emollients is restoring the disturbed epidermal barrier. This effect is achieved by various mechanisms: occlusive properties, attraction and keeping the water within the stratum corneum and supplying the physiological lipids and peptides, that lack in the disturbed epidermis. The final effects of emollients are reduction of inflammation, decrease of pruritus and better appearance of the skin. Emollients are the essential part of the therapy of many inflammatory skin diseases with disturbed epidermal barrier. They are used in the treatment of atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, keratinization disorders, chronic eczema, pruritic diseases and many other dermatoses. Emollients are often the adjuvant therapy, which is used together with topical corticosteroids or calcineurin inhibitors. There are several possible types of therapy: continuous, intermittent or proactive. This paper summarizes the knowledge about emollients, their mechanisms of action, the indications and proper way of application.
At any point in time, psoriasis affects 2-3% of the world's population and has one of the biggest impacts on quality of life of any dermatological disorder. Treatment is extremely costly and prevention of disease progression in severity and extent is crucial. Psoriasis treatment should include skin hydration (regular use of moisturizers and emollients), careful, gentle skin cleansing, and identification and avoidance of Koebner phenomenon triggers (excoriation, maceration) and infectious foci (Streptococcus pyogenes). Moisturizers have been shown to significantly improve skin conditions and quality of life for psoriasis patients. They are a valuable first-line treatment, as dry skin is common and adds to the irritability of the diseased skin. Most patients respond well to topical treatment with topical corticosteroids, emollients, coal tar, anthralin (dithranol) or calcipotriol. Emollients are the most prescribed products, providing transient relief from irritation and some possessing anti-inflammatory properties. Moisturizers and emollients should be used in the following cases: minimal psoriasis, napkin psoriasis, psoriasis of the folds, psoriatic skin damaged by previous local treatments, and in pregnancy or women of childbearing age.
The paper presents current opinions on aetiopathogenesis of dry skin including its occurrence in the course of certain dermatological disorders. A meaning of natural moisturizing factor, lipid barrier as well as epidermal differentiation processes in the maintenance of the proper skin moisturization is described. The importance of topical treatment is emphasized. Moreover, a survey of moisturizing factors applied in dry skin care is included.
Rabbit renal cortical slices were incubated at 25 degrees C, pH 7.4, for 2 hr under 100% O2 in a phosphate-buffered medium. [14C]allantoin was accumulated to a tissue water/medium ratio of 1.38 +/- 0.03 (mean +/- S.E., n = 22). Under 100% N2, the tissue water/medium ratio fell significantly to 0.90 +/- 0.02 (n = 14, P less than .001). Probenecid (an anion) inhibited the uptake of allantoin at doses which had no effect on the water content of the slices, i.e., did not appear to have a toxic effect on the tissue. Its effect was specific. In contrast, salicylate (another anion) and quinine (a cation) inhibited the uptake of allantoin only at concentrations which simultaneously increased the water content of the slices. These results suggest a toxic effect on cell metabolism. Salicylate (an anion) and quinine (a cation), in dosage which inhibited allantoin uptake, also inhibit the uptake of the para-aminohippuric acid (an anion) and tetraethylammonium bromide (a cation). Net secretion of allantoin was observed in urinary clearance experiments on anesthetized rabbits acutely loaded with allantoin, under mannitol diuresis. At flow rates less than 1 ml/kg.min, fractional excretion of [14C]allantoin was 0.85 +/- 0.03 (n = 27 clearance periods) indicating significant net reabsorption. When urine flow was increased above 1 ml/kg.min, fractional excretion of [14C]allantoin reached 1.07 +/- 0.03 (n = 18 clearance periods), i.e., net secretion.
