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An Adjustment Method of a Convergence Point for Zoom-In on a Dual Lens Stereoscopic Camera
Abstract
Recently, even non-professional photographers are using a dual lens stereoscopic camera which allows for convenient stereoscopic photography. The necessity for the research comes up, since the dual lens stereoscopic camera can cause visual discomfort during zoom-in due to the fixed convergence point. We propose a method based on which a convergence point can be adjusted to prevent visual discomfort during zoom-in for a dual lens stereoscopic camera. First, the relational model is classified into nine kinds and defined, depending on locations of focus, object, and convergence point. And then, the method to minimize visual discomfort is suggested by adjusting convergence point on the given model.
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Stereoscopic three-dimensional (3D) content is the latest and most powerful trend in the cinema, television, Blu-ray, Internet streaming, video on demand, advertising, and broadcasting markets, with an increasing potential for the next decades. This paper describes the critical aspects of 3D content creation. First, the basic rules for creating “good 3D” and avoiding visual discomfort are determined. In particular, conflicts of depth and binocular rivalry are reviewed in detail, as these cause eye fatigue, headache, and even nausea. The paper describes both the reasons for the appearance of the conflicts and the degree of intensity in the human visual system. Then, the paper compares the level of complexity involved in avoiding or fixing these visual conflicts for the various content-creation techniques: 3D live-action production with stereo camera rigs, theatrical 2D-to-3D conversion, and realtime conversion. Finally, the paper concludes with a discussion about the combination of these techniques, their influence on the current and future 3D entertainment market, and the danger of “bad” 3D.
Recent increased usage of stereo displays has been accompanied by public concern about potential adverse effects associated with prolonged viewing of stereo imagery. There are numerous potential sources of adverse effects, but we focused on how vergence-accommodation conflicts in stereo displays affect visual discomfort and fatigue. In one experiment, we examined the effect of viewing distance on discomfort and fatigue. We found that conflicts of a given dioptric value were slightly less comfortable at far than at near distance. In a second experiment, we examined the effect of the sign of the vergence-accommodation conflict on discomfort and fatigue. We found that negative conflicts (stereo content behind the screen) are less comfortable at far distances and that positive conflicts (content in front of screen) are less comfortable at near distances. In a third experiment, we measured phoria and the zone of clear single binocular vision, which are clinical measurements commonly associated with correcting refractive error. Those measurements predicted susceptibility to discomfort in the first two experiments. We discuss the relevance of these findings for a wide variety of situations including the viewing of mobile devices, desktop displays, television, and cinema.
As respects with visual fatigue caused from watching stereoscopic HDTV images, we found that when stereoscopic HDTV images were displayed within the corresponding range of depth of focus, and remained still in the depth direction, the degree of visual fatigue was almost the same as that induced by watching images displayed at the depth of the screen. However, when images were displayed outside the corresponding range of depth of focus, visual fatigue was clearly induced. Moreover, we found that even if images were displayed within the corresponding range of depth of focus, visual fatigue was induced if the images were moved in depth according to a step pulse function.
The purpose of the study is to examine whether the effects of global motion, (GM), on visually induced motion sickness, (VIMS),
found with visual stimulus consisting of simple global motion will be applied to the effects of moving images including combination
of global motion on VIMS. We, previously, found that velocity, but not temporal frequency component, of GM dominates subjective
scores related to VIMS in the experiments presenting simple GM. To achieve the purpose, I made a model to estimate discomfort
level of a standard observer during watching a moving image. The model, at the beginning, analyses GM included in the movie;
and then, the time-series of velocity data in each element of analyzed GM is compared with the characteristics of simple GM
on VIMS for estimating discomfort level. The validity of the model was examined by comparing the estimated discomfort level
and actually measured average discomfort level using identical video movie which rather easily inducing VIMS. As a result,
the model well estimates the values of subjective score actually measured during observers watching video movies.
Television that conveys real-time information has become an
indispensable part of our lives. Its technology has advanced from the
days of black-and-white sets to color models and to high-definition
television (HDTV). HDTV has been contrived to provide the audience with
greater immediate appeal such as sensation of reality and power than the
current TV system does and its worldwide applications are expected to
continue to grow. Real world information which we obtain with our eyes
is three-dimensional. It is reasonable therefore, that we humans want an
imaging system that produces pictures that are as natural and real as
things we see and experience every day. Three-dimensional television
(3DTV) is a very promising approach expected to satisfy such wishes. As
television technology matures and HDTV produces pictures as clear as
movies, 3DTV is now capable of providing real-time stereoscopic pictures
with high resolution. This paper outlines the studies that have been
carried out about 3DTV as a post-HDTV system. The themes of the paper
are focused to such topics as human factors in relation to binocular
parallax, camera and display systems, and bandwidth reduction technology
Estimation of visually induced motion sickness from velocity component of moving image, virtual and mixed reality
- H Ujike