No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the authors.
Characteristics of sugarcane fibres
Abstract
Sugarcane fibres have been extracted from bagasse by 0.1 N NaOH treatment and their characteristics are evaluated. The fibres show moderate crystallinity, with crystallinity index in the range 63- 68%. The SEM photographs reveal that the fibre is composed of bundle of cells encrusted by cementing material, outside bundles are composed mainly of short thin walled parenchyma cells. The fineness of fibre varies between 25tex and 35tex. The moisture regain of fibre lies betwee 13% and 18%. The tenacity of the fibres lies between 12 g/tex and 18 g/tex and the percentage breaking elongation varies between 2.5% and 3.5%. The fibre possesses moderate amount of elastic recovery at 50% of breaking extension. The torsional rigidity of fibres is quiet high ranging between 95 dyne-cm2 and 330dyne-cm2, indicating that the fibre has high rigidity to twisting and is not suitable for making yarn. The flexural rigidity of fibres is quite low ranging from 0.015 g cm2 to 0.032 g cm2.
... Additionally, owing to their biodegradable nature, higher flexural and tensile properties, it became the first choice amongst all other natural fibres to be employed in exterior of on-road cars [64,73]. Agave Americana fibres are utilised to [19,28,37,56,71,80] manufacture carpets, ropes, saddle pads, door mats, baskets, fish stringers, headbands, brush brittles, textile applications and sandals. ...
... Variation of mechanical properties of LFRCs[1,24,59,71,87] ...
Fibres are extracted from various parts of the plants like stem, leaf, bast, flower and fruits. These fibres are reinforced into composites and find their major applications in packaging, furniture, automotive, marine, infrastructure and aerospace industries. Amongst various parts of plant, majorly leaves were discarded as wastes in most of the cases. As a matter of fact, the fibres extracted from the leaves have equivalent strength when compared with the fibres extracted from other parts of the plant. Pineapple leaf, areca leaf stalk, abaca fibres, henequen, palm leaf stalk and many other leaf-based fibres were experimented by many researchers. It was determined that the leaf fibre–reinforced green composites possess better mechanical properties and modulus when compared with other class of polymer composites. This review mainly deals with the potentiality of various leaf-based fibres to be used as reinforcements, method of extraction, their properties and applications. This review covers finite element modelling, strength and commercial application aspects of leaf fibre–based composites.
... Sugarcane is not only the main source in sugar production, but is also an important crop for energy production, as well as for by-products such as ethanol and fibres across the world. Fibre content refers to the solid fibrous part (bagasse) of sugarcane [1]. It mostly contains cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin (also referred to as the lignocellulosic biomass), which exhibits great potential as a major feedstock for biofuel production worldwide. ...
... In this research, it was found that the reflectance of the sample scanning was higher than the reflectance of the Teflon plate scanning (see in Fig. 2), which made the absorbance (log1/R) of some wavelengths display negative values. This finding may be a result of the high crystallinity of fibres in sugarcane (with a crystallinity index in the range 63-68% [1]), which may cause abundant light scattering in the sample. This phenomenon leads to the result of the longer integration times displayed in lower absorbance as shown in Fig. 4a. ...
Knowledge of the fibre content in sugarcane stalks is important for breeding programmes and non-destructive measurements for its applications. This study aimed to use portable visible-shortwave near infrared (Vis/SWNIR) with a wavelength range of 570–1031 nm to evaluate the fibre contents of cane stalks. Fibre models were established by partial least squares (PLS) regression using spectra obtained from interactance mode with an absorbance unit of log (1/R). The models were constructed using a sample set of three sample sections (i.e., bottom, middle, and top of the sugarcane stalk). The samples were scanned with different integration times (200, 300, and 400 ms), and the spectra were pre-treated using different pre-processing techniques. The fibre content models were established based on both combined sample sections (CSS model) and individual sample sections (ISS model) obtained from the combination of three sample sections and an individual sample section, respectively. The results showed that the models that were developed using raw spectra with integration time of 300 ms had the best performance. This model had coefficients of determination of the prediction set (r ² ) of 0.75, 0.81, 0.81 and 0.71 and root mean square errors of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.81, 0.63, 0.80 and 0.73%fibre for the CSS model and bottom section, middle section, and top section of the ISS model, respectively. These results indicated that the models could be used for screening. Moreover, it was observed that the bottom section model had the lowest RMSEP. The model can be used as a rapid protocol for predicting the fibre content of sugarcane stalks, making it a useful method for a breeder to screen the fibre content in the field when monitoring during breeding programmes.
... The design of the major units such as the crushing unit, engine motor selection, the separation unit is dependents on the properties. A lot RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS [7], characteristics of sugarcane fibres [8].Quasi-static tests using a universal testing machine to determine shear, compressive resistance and bending resistance of forage crops [9]. Investigation of the mechanical properties of sugarcane stalks viz; bending resistance, cutting resistance, penetration resistance and crushing resistance for the development of a whole cane combine harvester [10]. ...
... direction (6)(Horizontal direction) Saccharumbarberi (Vertical direction) (7) (Horizon. direction) (8) Where; ...
... Rind mainly consists of a fiber that includes cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin with low molecular weight. [5,6] Natural fibers are mainly used in the preparation of biocomposites in automotive industry, aerospace industry, building industry, furniture industry, biomedical industry, and so on. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] The present research was focused on preparation of nano-based sugarcane bagasse by using highenergy ball milling process, and the crystallinity, chemical composition, morphology, dimensions, and thermal stability of nano bagasse were studied to evaluate their suitability as reinforcement for polymer composites. ...
... The separated macro-bagasse fibers were then dried. [3,6] ...
This present work includes the processing and characterization of nano –based natural reinforcement for polymer composite materials. Sugarcane bagasse has been collected and the fibers were extracted by using manual striping process. The undesirable materials present in the extracted fibers were removed by 1% NaOH based chemical treatment. The macro fibers were reduced to nano scale by using high energy ball milling process. Nanoparticles from bagasse fibers were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The degree of crystallinity of nano bagasse is 55.2% and it was reported by using XRD. A FT-IR spectrum confirms the presence of cellulose functional groups in nano bagasse. The nano bagasse dimensions and morphology were investigated by using SEM. The average length and diameter of the nano bagasse is 51.2 nm and 46.1 nm respectively. Thermal stability of the nano bagasse was revealed by TGA analysis. The chemical composition of cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose contents was also investigated.
... The increasing conc. of alkali-H 2 O 2 and the constant ratio of silicone softener (Sample D, E and F) shows an increasing trend of fiber's flexural and torsional rigidity because of the removal of hemicellulose and lignin, which causes the fiber molecules to pack closely, thus increasing the fiber's rigidity, whereas silicone softener does fill in the void spaces and helps in reducing the torsional and flexural rigidity [13] but not to a great extent because of the low conc. of silicone softener used. The increase in the amount of alkali-H 2 O 2 treatment subsequently increases the rigidity of fibers, thus hampering the use of fibers in woven textiles but still allowing them to be used in non-woven textiles [33]. ...
Owing to increased environmental awareness and the implementation of stringent governmental regulations, the demand for the valorization of natural fibers has increased in recent years. Sugarcane bagasse after juice extraction could be a potential source of natural fibers to be used in textile applications. In this paper, sugarcane bagasse is converted to textile fibers. Sugarcane fibers are extracted through alkali and H2O2 treatment with varying concentrations (6, 10, 14) g/L and (8, 12, 16) g/L, respectively. To soften the fibers for textile use, extracted fibers were post-treated with a constant ratio of silicone softener (50 g/L). Treatment of sugarcane fibers with varying concentrations of alkali–H2O2 significantly influenced the fiber surface morphology. Furthermore, an increase in the crystallinity of extracted fibers was observed, whereas a reduction in fiber linear density from 54.82 tex to 45.13 tex as well as moisture regain (6.1% to 5.1%) was observed as the ratio of alkali–H2O2 treatment was increased. A notable improvement in overall mechanical strength was achieved upon alkali–H2O2 treatment, but at a higher concentration (conc.) there was a loss of mechanical strength, and the torsional and flexural rigidity also increased significantly. Based on the results, sugarcane fibers treated with 10 g/L NaOH, 12 g/L H2O2 and 50 g/L silicone softener showed the most optimum results. These sustainable fibers have the potential to be used in textile applications due to their enhanced softness, optimum moisture regain, and better mechanical properties.
... Sugarcane bagasse is the by-product of the sucrose production. The percentage of cellulose in sugarcane bagasse is about 40%, the rest is hemicellulose and lignin (Asagekar and Joshi 2014). Hemicellulose is easily hydrolyzed in acid and alkaline solution, and lignin easily oxidized in air. ...
The adsorbent for both cationic and anionic dye based on cellulose and polyaniline was prepared. Cellulose was purified from sugarcane bagasse through the removal of hemicellulose and lignin. Aniline was polymerized in emulsion state in the presence of cellulose and ammonium persulfate as an initiator. The results from Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observation and determination of porosity confirmed that polyaniline was grafted on the surface of cellulose fiber to form cellulose-graft-polyaniline (Cel-g-PAni). Polyaniline acted as adsorption sites for both cationic dye (methylene blue) and anionic dye (methyl orange). The adsorption on the surface of Cel-g-PAni followed the Langmuir model, suggesting that the adsorption sites on its surface was uniform. The extent of adsorbing capacity of Cel-g-PAni toward methylene blue and methyl orange was 1.57 and 0.75 mmol/g, respectively. These values confirmed that Cel-g-PAni was an efficient adsorbent for both cationic and anionic dyes. The adsorption of either cationic or anionic dye in a mixture solution did not restrain each other. Cel-g-PAni was expected to have potential application in practical.
... Sugarcane bagasse is the by-product of the sucrose production. The percentage of cellulose in sugarcane bagasse is about 40%, the rest is hemicellulose and lignin (Asagekar and Joshi 2014). Hemicellulose is easily hydrolyzed in acid and alkaline solution, and lignin easily oxidized in air. ...
The adsorbent for both cationic and anionic dye based on cellulose and polyaniline was prepared. Cellulose was purified from sugarcane bagasse through removal of hemicellulose and lignin. Aniline was polymerized in emulsion state in the presence of cellulose and ammonium persulfate as initiator. The FTIR spectroscopy, SEM observation and determination of porosity confirmed that polyaniline was grafted on the surface of cellulose fiber to form cellulose-graft-polyaniline with high porosity. Polyaniline acted as adsorption sites for both cationic dye (methylene blue) and anionic dye (methyl orange). The adsorption on the surface of cellulose-graft-polyaniline followed the Langmuir model, suggesting that the adsorption sites on its surface was uniform. The extent of adsorbing capacity of cellulose-graft-polyaniline toward methylene blue and methyl orange was 1.57 and 0.75 mmol/g, respectively. These values confirmed that cellulose-graft-polyaniline was an efficient adsorbent for both cationic and anionic dyes. The adsorption of either cationic or anionic dye in a mixture solution did not restrain each other. Cellulose-graft-polyaniline was expected to have potential application in practical.
... Sugarcane is used to make sugar or juice and the leftover material (bagasse) is used as fuel mostly [6]. The fibre has good properties and will be a potential replacement for plastics in a few areas [4]. On a yearly basis approximately 240 million tonnes of bagasse is produced which can be put to good use. ...
... Jute and ramie fibers are hard to grind. Still, they possess an excellent tensile strength of around 80 MPa [33], possess better cohesive strength, and bind all the materials together with higher compressibility [34]. Pineapple fiber is not easy to grind but possesses the highest tensile strength [35]. ...
In this work, experiments on mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural, effects, and stiffness testing are performed on natural fiber granulated composites (NFGC) manufactured using a hybrid additive manufacturing technique. The natural fiber granulated composites are prepared using the powdered form of sugarcane, jute, ramie, banana, pineapple fiber, and seashell powder with a volume fraction of 0.8. In the hybrid additive manufacturing technique, the fused deposited modeling (FDM) machine is modified by combining with the shape deposition modeling (SDM) to print the specimens layer by layer, and the influence of the number of layers on the mechanical properties is analyzed. The results concluded that increasing the number of layers from 6 to 12 improved the mechanical properties such as tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength, and hardness values by 40.84, 50.04, 21.55, and 20.55%, respectively. Further, a novel technique can be utilized for developing the composites in replacement with conventional methods.
... Sugarcane bagasse was obtained as waste material from juice extractor [8]. The bagasse was clean with water and dried for 24h under sun [9]. ...
Global pollution due to the overwhelming usage of non-biodegradable plastics is getting severe nowadays. Hence, the aim of this paper is to develop an environmentally friendly composite material from potato starch and sugarcane bagasse. The composites were prepared by hot pressing at 145℃ for 60 min. The composites were characterized for their mechanical and thermal properties. In terms of thermal properties, thermogravimetric analysis shows that incorporation of sugarcane fiber has improved the thermal stability of the composites. Meanwhile, incorporation of sugarcane fibre from 0 to 15 wt.% has significantly improved the tensile (202.7%) and flexural (198%) strength of the composites. Scanning electron micrograph of the tensile fracture showed the fibre fracture and fibre "pull-out" from the composite. Overall, the biodegradable composites have shown improved functional characteristic than the origin material. This finding shows that this Sugarcane/Potato starch composites are potential alternative material for biodegradable product i.e. biodegradable plastic packaging.
... Sugarcane plant is a natural and renewable resources for production of sugar for human daily use [7]. However, large amount of bagasse was produced after the extraction of sugarcane juice. ...
Nowadays, development of bio composites from renewable resources has become great interest as the alternative to replace petroleum-based polymer. Starch is one of the examples of bio polymer that are biodegradable. However, there is limitation on starch usage where starch based polymer has poor mechanical properties and high water sensitivity. Sugarcane waste produced from the extraction of sugarcane juice has potential application to be used as reinforcement material for producing bio-based composites. In this study, Thermoplastic Potato Starch reinforced Sugarcane Fibre (TPPS/SF) composites were developed by using dry mixing and hot press method at 145°C for 1 hour by maintaining the composition of starch and glycerol at ratio 80:20. The sugarcane fibres content ranged from 0 to 15wt.%. This paper presents the results of water transport and physical properties of TPPS/SF composites by using water absorption, thickness swelling, water solubility and moisture content tests. In terms of water transport, the composites show decrease in water absorption capacity of the composites following the addition of sugarcane fibre. Dimensional stability of the composites was increased indicated through the lower thickness swelling reading of the composites. In terms of physical properties, the water solubility of the composites was decreased which indicate improved resistance against water. The moisture content of the composites was decreased gradually following increasing amount of sugarcane fibre in TPSS matrix. Overall, this study shows that incorporation of sugarcane fibre into TPPS has improve the functional properties of this green material.
... In this research, sugarcane bagasse is chosen as a natural source of silica nanoparticles. Sugarcane bagasse is a fibrous residue after the sugarcane is crushed and extracted for the sugar and alcohol production [12]. Sugarcane is one of the plants in the grass family that consist high concentration of silica [13]. ...
Silica nanoparticles have been great attention as it being evaluated for used in abundant fields and applications. Due to this significance, this research was conducted to synthesis silica nanoparticles using local agricultural waste, sugarcane bagasse. We executed extraction and precipitation process as it involved low cost, less toxic and low energy process compared to other methods. The Infrared (IR) spectra showed the vibration peak of Si-O-Si, which clearly be the evidence for the silica characteristics in the sample. In this research, amorphous silica nanoparticles with spherical morphology with an average size of 30 nm, and specific surface area of 111 m²/g⁻¹ have been successfully synthesized. The XRD patterns showed the amorphous nature of silica nanoparticles. As a comparison, the produced silica nanoparticles from sugarcane bagasse are compared with the respective nanoparticles synthesized using Stӧber method.
This study investigated how sodium chloride (NaCl) and ethanol treatment on chicken keratin fiber reinforcement affected the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of vinyl ester polymer composites. The ethanol-treated chicken keratin fiber-reinforced vinyl ester bio-composite exhibited a higher value of tensile, flexural, compression, and impact properties when compared with the salt solution-treated and raw chicken keratin fiber. This may be attributed to the uniform dispersion, strong interfacial bonding between matrix/fiber, and ethanol producing overlapped microtubes on the keratin surface, as observed from scanning electron microscope images. The chemically treated keratin fibers acted as a nucleating agent for the recrystallization of vinyl ester bio-composites and improved decomposition temperature by 5.62% and 7.86% for sodium chloride and ethanol treatment, respectively, as seen in DSC and TGA curves. Furthermore, it is capable of offering favorable properties for real-time biomedical applications.
Composite materials are the tailor- made multifunctional materials consisting of suitable physical and mechanical properties for the applications in various fields such as aerospace, sensitive electronic equipment, marine, civil construction, etc. In this work, a bio-waste derived composite material was synthesized using compression molding of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) (bio-waste resin) along with 3% paraformaldehyde, coconut coir, and sugarcane bagasse. Fibers separated from coconut husk and sugarcane bagasse were collected locally (at Tenali) and used for the synthesis after post-treatment. Those samples were separately treated with 0.1 N NaOH solution for the activation and dried at room temperature before preparation of composite material. Coconut coir, sugarcane fibers, and Cashew nut shell based hybrid composite specimens were tested for tensile strength using Electronic Tensometer. Sugarcane fibers, Coconut coir, and Cashew nut shell resin based hybrid composite exhibited a tensile strength of 11.5 Mpa, 2.6 MPa, and 5.9 MPa, respectively and tensile modulus of the sugarcane fibers, coconut coir and hybrid composite are 4.8 GPa, 0.4 GPa, and 0.5 GPa, respectively. The surface morphology was studied using scanning electron microscopy. The topography of the composite material showed a smooth surface devoid of any morphological features. Further, the composite material will be tested for the suitability of the application.
Among the main contributors to the gross domestic product of all countries are their natural resources, whose improper utilization adds problems to the lack of proper data on their availability and structure/property correlations. If these data were made available, they would help in achieving objectives of value addition and employment generation. This paper describes the availability of some of the Brazilian lignocellulosic fibers, their market, extraction methods, reported morphology, properties and their present applications. Some perspectives for these fibers are also presented, considering their growing importance and their whole spectrum of promising opportunities and challenges for Brazil and other developing countries.
Sugar cane fiber bundles were extracted from the separated rind of cane stalks using alkaline treatments. The amount of lignin removed depended on alkaline concentration and time and pressure of treatment; agitation and vigorous boiling also affected the lignin removal. A severity factor R was calculated to compare the delignification conditions. Alkali concentration significantly affected the mechanical properties of the fiber bundles. Tenacity, toughness, and linear density were higher for the fibers extracted at the lower concentration, as were bending rigidity and hysteresis.
The use of natural fibers as reinforcement for thermoplastics has generated much interest due to their low cost, possibility of environmental protection and use of locally available renewable resources. In this work the mechanical and morphological properties of high density polyethylene/pre-treated and modified residues from sugarcane bagasse cellulose composites were analyzed. Composites were produced by a thermokinetic mixer. The microstructural analyses of fracture surface from composites can be easily evaluated by microscopic techniques. Results showed that the modification of sugarcane bagasse cellulose with zirconium oxychloride was successfully accomplished and that this reinforcement material with high density polyethylene showed tensile strength higher than non-modified sugarcane bagasse cellulose. Modification in the sugarcane bagasse cellulose influenced directly in mechanical properties of the composite material. This can be observed by the fracture surface, which showed that modified cellulose sugarcane bagasse improved interfacial adhesion between fiber and matrix.