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The Miracle Tree: Moringa oleifera: Natural Nutrition for the Tropics
... Anavatanı Hindistan, Pakistan, Bangladeş ve Afganistan'ın alt Himalaya bölgeleri olan moringa, Moringaceae familyası içerisinde yer almakta ve 13 adet türü bulunmaktadır (Fuglie, 1999). Multifonksiyonel bitki olarak bilinen ve aynı zamanda "mucize ağaç" ya da "yaşam ağacı" olarak tanımlanan moringa (Moringa oleifera L.), yüzyıllar boyunca tamamlayıcı tıpta çeşitli hastalıkların tedavisinde ve hastaların genel vücut sağlığının geliştirmesinde kullanılmıştır. ...
... Meyveleri erken dönemde fasulye gibi pişirilerek tüketilmekte, ayrıca tohumu çıkartılarak farklı yemekler yapılmaktadır. Çiçekleri taze olarak ya da çay olarak tüketilmektedir (Fuglie, 1999). Çiçekleri kalsiyum ve potasyum bakımından zengin olup, arılar için nektar kaynağı olarak da kullanılmaktadır. ...
... Çiçekleri kalsiyum ve potasyum bakımından zengin olup, arılar için nektar kaynağı olarak da kullanılmaktadır. Yapraklarının zeatin bakımından zengin olduğu ve sitokinin kaynağı olarak kullanıldığı bildirilmiştir (Fuglie, 1999). Moringanın tohumları %40 yağ içermekte, yağı çok iyi kalitede olup, parfüm sanayinde ve gaz yağı yapımında kullanılmaktadır. ...
Bu çalışma, moringa tohum çimlenmesi ve fidan gelişimi olmak üzere iki aşamadan oluşmaktadır. Öncelikle moringa tohumlarına kontrol dışında, dört farklı uygulama (a: 35°C’deki ılık suda 24 saat bekletme; b: 1000 ppm GA3 çözeltisinde 24 saat bekletme; c: -1MPa polietilen glikol (PEG) çözeltisinde 24 saat bekletme; d: 2500 ppm mikrobiyal gübre çözeltisinde 24 saat bekletme) yapılmıştır. Kontrollü koşullarda gerçekleştirilen çimlendirme denemelerinde sıcaklık, 25°C ve oransal nemi ise %80’in üzerinde olacak şekilde ayarlanmıştır. Tohum ekiminden sonra, çimlenme oranı, süresi ve çimlenme enerjisi her bir uygulama için belirlenmiştir. Çimlenmeden sonra fidanlar 1:1 oranında torf ve perlit içeren yetiştirme ortamına aktarılmıştır. Daha sonra fidanlara 15 gün ara ile altı defa NPK, NPK + 2500 ppm mikrobiyal gübre ve NPK + 5000 ppm mikrobiyal gübre uygulamaları yapılmıştır. Yetişen bitkilerde 90 gün sonra, bitki boyu, gövde çapı, klorofil miktarı, gövde, kök yaş ve kuru ağırlıkları belirlenmiştir. Araştırma bulguları, tohum çimlenme oranı, süresi ve enerjisi açısından en iyi sonucun, tohumların viyollere ekimden önce 35°C’deki ılık suda 24 saat bekletme uygulamasının verdiğini göstermiş ve bu uygulamayı 1000 ppm GA3 çözeltisinde 24 saat bekletme uygulaması izlemiştir. Fidan büyüme ve gelişmesi açısından incelenen parametreler göz önüne alındığında, standart NPK’nın mikrobiyal gübre ile birlikte kullanımı, standart NPK’ya göre daha iyi sonuç vermiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, tohum çimlenmesi açısından 35 oC’deki ılık suda 24 saat bekletme ve fidan gelişimi açısında ise standart NPK’nın mikrobiyal gübre ile birlikte kullanımı tavsiye edilmiştir.
... Moringa oleifera stands out as a remarkably versatile plant, with nearly all its parts finding valuable use in medicine [12] and nutrition [13,14]. Moreover, our findings highlight Moringa oleifera as a potent indigenous source of easily digestible protein and rich reserves of vital nutrients such as calcium, iron, vitamin C, and carotenoids [15]. ...
... The pullet phase also had three (3) replicates, but accounting for mortality in starter chicks resulted in eight (8) birds per replicate in a completely randomised design. The treated moringa (UDMOSC) was used to formulate five experimental diets with the inclusion levels of 0% (control), 5%, 10%,15%, and 15% with enzyme (Burgazyme) to partially replace soybean for birds on an as-fed basis which corresponds to diets UDMOSC 0 , UDMOSC 5 , UDMOSC 10 , UDMOSC 15 , and UDMOSC 15E respectively for both starters (Table 1) and pullets (Table 2). ...
... However, body weight gain was significantly affected (P = 0.02), with chicks nourished with UDMOSC 0 and UDMOSC 5 diets demonstrating a significant weight gains, with both groups showing very similar results (P > 0.05). In contrast, the chicks fed UDMOSC 10 , UDMOSC 15 , and UDMOSC 15E exhibited slightly lower but comparable weight gains (P > 0.05). The feed conversion ratio was also significantly (P = 0.03) better for chicks fed UDMOSC 5 . ...
The study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) on the growth, reproduction, and biochemical parameters of New Zealand White weaner rabbits. Forty-five (45) female rabbits and ten males, aged eight (8) weeks and weighing between 692 to 695 g, were allocated randomly to five treatments in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Treatments included varying levels of MOLM (0 %, 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, and 20 %) in the diets. Data obtained from the experiment were subjected to Least Square Analysis using the GLM type III procedure of SAS Reproductive performance indices, including litter size at birth, gestation length, and puberty weight, showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) among treatment groups. However, feed conversion ratio and days to attain puberty differed significantly (p = 0.011) across treatments, with notable impacts on final weight, pre- and post-weaning weights, birth weight, and weaning weight. Moreover, MOLM inclusion influenced milk composition, reducing fat and cholesterol levels, while haematological parameters remained unaffected. Dressing percentage was significantly higher in rabbits fed 5 % MOLM compared to other treatments. Carcass composition and visceral organ weights showed no significant differences among treatments. The study concludes that MOLM supplementation does not adversely affect growth, reproduction, or haematological parameters in rabbits and can potentially reduce cholesterol levels in both blood and milk. However, further investigation is warranted to explore the effects of MOLM inclusion levels beyond 20 % in rabbit diets. These results depict the potential of MOLM as a beneficial supplement in rabbit diets, impacting nutritional health and enhancing the efficiency of rabbit production systems.
... Moringa oleifera stands out as a remarkably versatile plant, with nearly all its parts finding valuable use in medicine [12] and nutrition [13,14]. Moreover, our findings highlight Moringa oleifera as a potent indigenous source of easily digestible protein and rich reserves of vital nutrients such as calcium, iron, vitamin C, and carotenoids [15]. ...
... The pullet phase also had three (3) replicates, but accounting for mortality in starter chicks resulted in eight (8) birds per replicate in a completely randomised design. The treated moringa (UDMOSC) was used to formulate five experimental diets with the inclusion levels of 0% (control), 5%, 10%,15%, and 15% with enzyme (Burgazyme) to partially replace soybean for birds on an as-fed basis which corresponds to diets UDMOSC 0 , UDMOSC 5 , UDMOSC 10 , UDMOSC 15 , and UDMOSC 15E respectively for both starters (Table 1) and pullets (Table 2). ...
... However, body weight gain was significantly affected (P = 0.02), with chicks nourished with UDMOSC 0 and UDMOSC 5 diets demonstrating a significant weight gains, with both groups showing very similar results (P > 0.05). In contrast, the chicks fed UDMOSC 10 , UDMOSC 15 , and UDMOSC 15E exhibited slightly lower but comparable weight gains (P > 0.05). The feed conversion ratio was also significantly (P = 0.03) better for chicks fed UDMOSC 5 . ...
In a 22-weeks experiment, the impact and economic efficiency of feeding undeshelled defatted Moringa oleifera seed cake (UDMOSC) to Lohmann Brown layer chicks and pullets were investigated. The study had two phases, focusing on chicks (0-8 weeks) and pullets (9-22 weeks). A total of 150-day-old chicks were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments (0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 15% with Burgazyme inclusion), each replicated three times, and each replicate containing ten (10) birds in a completely randomised design. Data collected was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the GenStat statistical package (2008). In the initial phase, chicks fed dietary UDMOSC consumed less feed but had similar (p ˃ 0.05) final body weight compared to the control group. Chicks fed the control, and 5% UDMOSC gained more weight with better feed conversion. Chicks fed 10% UDMOSC had higher mortality. In the second phase, pullets fed the control diet and 15% UDMOSC with the enzyme (UDMOSC15E) showed significantly higher (p = 0.01) feed intake. Final body weight and body weight gain were notably higher (p = 0.001) in pullets fed the control diet. Feed conversion ratio and mortality rate did not significantly differ (P ˃ 0.05) among treatments. Dietary UDMOSC reduced feed cost per kilogram of body weight gain for starters and pullets. While dietary UDMOSC did not significantly affect starter growth, it lowered total feed cost per bird for starters and pullets except for UDMOSC15E, accruing 20.54 – 27.81%. and 25.39 – 40.19% percentage profit range, respectively. Dietary UDMOSC depressed the growth of starters and pullets, but it was economically advantageous by reducing the cost per kilogram of body weight gain for both groups. The negative impact of dietary UDMOSC on the growth of starters and pullets suggests that including UDMOSC in the immature layer diets should be cautiously approached for economic gain and, therefore, recommended for the pullet stage at an inclusion level not exceeding 10%.
... Studies have investigated the effects of Moringa oleifera extracts on rat reproduction (Fuglie, 1999(Fuglie, , 2000Galan et al. 2004;Attah et al., 2020). ...
... • Anti-Fertility Effects: Aqueous extracts from the root and bark, at specific doses, were found to prevent pregnancy in rats (Fuglie, 1999). ...
... • Fetal Impact: Aqueous extracts of the root and bark, at 200 mg kg -1 and 400 mg kg -1 , respectively, induced foetal reabsorption in late pregnancy and had an anti-fertility effect after coiteration in rats (Fuglie, 1999). Additional studies suggest that the root's aqueous or ethanolic (90%) extract had teratogenic and abortifacient properties (Fuglie, 2000). ...
There is need to improve livestock production in Africa and developing countries across the world, to combat dietary animal protein insufficiency. Moringa oleifera is a fast growing plant that thrives well in almost all climatic conditions and is proven to contain high levels of protein (26% in dried leaf), vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals which have antioxidant, antibiotic, anti-inflammatory and other properties and show a lot of prospects for organic agriculture, particularly in the current climate of consumer ambivalence about use of synthetic antibiotics and other additives in the livestock industry. The leaves have been proven to contain all the essential amino acids, the anti-nutritional factors are minimal and it is a proven hypocholesterolemic agent; it therefore has good potential for use particularly in poultry and swine production towards satisfying animal protein and mineral requirements and for satisfying consumer demand for lean meat. Whole seed and its components have desirable but largely untested properties for animal feeding, as does leaf stalk (rich in fibre, minerals and desirable phytochemicals). Woody stem is a potential source of bactericidal/ bacteriostatic bedding/ litter and when combusted may augment traditional fuels for supplying heat for brooding chicks or general heating of livestock housing in colder climes. Scientists should therefore be encouraged to research and demonstrate safety and effectiveness of Moringa oleifera products and by-products in animal agriculture and equally, crop farmers should be encouraged to take up moringa farming to enlarge supply and lower price per unit which is a critical requirement for its adoption in animal farming.
... The use of plant extracts such as seaweed, and Moringa has helped to improve crop performance and soil properties. Fresh leaves of Moringa oleifera contain zeatin [7]. The zeatin concentration in moringa various parts varied between 5 μg and 200 μg/g [8]. ...
... The zeatin concentration in moringa various parts varied between 5 μg and 200 μg/g [8]. Fugile [7] reported that AMLE increases the yields of onion, soybean, melon, and maize. The cytokinin-related hormone called zeatin shows that Moringa plant extract has the potential benefit of enhancing crop growth, development, and yield. ...
... The height of a plant was reported to be positively correlated with its productivity in terms of grain, fodder, oil, root, or tuber [18]. The higher values in leaf area, plant height, stem girth, and total aerial fresh weight recorded in this study for the AMLE over other treatments and control could be a result of hormones present in the AMLE such as zeatin [7]. Lestari et al. [19] reported the positive influence of both foliar spray and soil surface application of humic acid on the Amaranthus tricolor L height, number of leaves per plant, and shoot weight. ...
Aims: The continuous increase in human population warrants more food production. Amaranthus spp. is one of the most consumed leafy vegetables globally. A field experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekit Nigeria to assess the effects of fertilizers and bio-stimulants on the growth and performance of Amaranthus dubius. Methodology: The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The Amaranthus dubius seeds were sown under open field conditions and the treatments included aqueous moringa leaf extract (AMLE), NPK 15:15:15, poultry manure, grand humus, and super gro which were applied at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after sowing WAS. Data were collected 7 days after each application on on leaf area (cm3), plant height (cm), stem girth (cm), and total fresh biomass (g). The collected data were analysed using IRRI STAR 2.0. Results: The result revealed that all the treatments were significantly different (P>0.05) for all the parameters studied. AMLE recorded the highest value for all the parameters studied while control had the lowest values. For the total fresh biomass, AMLE recorded the highest mean value (1981.33) followed by NPK 15:15:15 (1535.00) and poultry manure (140.67) respectively while control had the least mean value (640.33). Conclusion: Amaranthus dubius was a short live plant response to AMLE and NPK 15:15:15 than the other treatment applied. It is therefore recommended that AMLE should be applied to boost the performance of Amaranthus dubius.
... The leaf juice was then filtered through a cheese cloth and extracted by hand pressure followed by re-filtering through Then the extracts were directly sprayed onto trees until run-off with adding Tween-20 at 0.01% as a surfactant, comparing with untreated control (spraying by water only). Chemical analysis of Moringa oleifera leaves according to Fuglie (2000) is shown in Table 3. ...
... This may be attributed to the constituents of MLE (Table 3) used as a foliar spray, of essential micro-and macro-elements and phytohormones such as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellins (GAs) and cytokinins, especially zeatin. Fuglie (2000) stated that the presence of cytokinin in MLE solution stimulates cytokinin biosynthesis, which promotes transfer of stem reserves to young shoots due to healthy plant growth and prevents premature senescence of leaves and also maintains higher leaf area for photosynthetic activity returned in high chlorophyll content in leaves. This is consistent with the findings of Yasmeen et al. (2013), Rehman et al. (2014) and Raddy et al. (2015), who reported that leaf extract of M. oleifera helps and accelerates the growth of young plants, strengthens plants, and significantly increases vegetative growth parameters with the different concentrations. ...
... They also illustrated that application of MLE extract (rich with zeaten like cytokinin), and this may be induced cytokinin bio-synthesis in turned maximum number of photosynthetic active leaves and that is obvious from number and area of leaves maintaining the chlorophylls in higher concentrations which reflect on yield per tree. Foliar application of Moringa with low concentration contains sufficient amounts from stimulant substances encouraged increasing cell-division rate, cell-enlargement, strengthens plants, eventually produces more and higher yield (Fuglie 2000). Also, Azooz et al. (2004) reported that the different concentration of Moringa extract was capable of enhancing the photosynthetic apparatus in treated plants, which leads to increase in productivity of trees and fruit quality. ...
For improving the resistance of apple trees to abiotic stresses resulting from global climate changes and enhancing their growth, productivity and fruit quality, ‘Anna’ apple trees were foliar sprayed with Moringa leaf extract (MLE) at concentrations of 0 (control), 2, 4 and 6%, and mannitol (a sugar alcohol) at concentrations of 0 (control), 10, 20 and 30% alone, or in combination during critical phases, the full bloom stage, the fruit setting stage and a month later, in two consecutive seasons in 2020 and 2021. Under hot and dry summer conditions during the two studied seasons, all treatments led to significant increases in vegetative growth, chlorophyll content, macro- and micro-mineral content, fruit set, yield per tree, fruit weight, firmness, soluble solids content (SSC), and total sugars compared to the control. The highest branch length, number of leaves, and leaf area were recorded with the combined treatment of MLE at 4% and mannitol at 30%. While the highest total chlorophyll content was obtained by the combined treatment of 4% MLE and 20% mannitol. The combined treatment of 6% MLE and 30% mannitol recorded the highest leaf content of N, P, K and Fe, while the highest leaf content of Mn was recorded by the combined treatment of 4% MLE and 30% mannitol. The highest content of Zn was recorded by the combined treatment of 2% MLE and 30% mannitol. The highest percentage of fruit set (40.5%) and yield per tree (26.75 kg) were recorded by the combined treatment of 6% MLE and 30% mannitol compared to untreated control, which produced the lowest value for fruit set (21.83%) and yield (13.75 kg/tree). In the same trend, the combined treatment of 6% MLE with 30% mannitol achieved the highest fruit weight, firmness, SSC, total sugars, and lowest acidity, while in contrast it was in untreated control.
... The nutrient analysis reveals significant differences in the nutritional profiles of the different plant parts. Moringa leaves stand out due to their high protein content, which is consistent with existing literature that highlights Moringa as a rich source of protein, essential for various physiological functions (Fuglie, 2001). The high moisture content in ginger rhizome reflects its higher water content, which is typical of rhizomes compared to leaves and flowers (Wang et al., 2020). ...
... The results shows that Moringa leaves as a superior source of calcium and iron compared to other plant parts. The remarkably high calcium content in Moringa leaves supports previous research indicating that Moringa is an excellent source of this essential mineral, which is crucial for bone health and various metabolic functions (Fuglie, 2001). The iron content in Moringa leaves is also notably high, which is consistent with literature suggesting that Moringa can be a valuable dietary source for combating iron deficiency (Moyo et al., 2011). ...
Two tropical and subtropical plants that are highly prized and well-known for their rich nutritional qualities, numerous medical uses, and overall health advantages are Moringa (Moringa Oleifera) and Zinger (Zingiber Officinale). This study investigates the antioxidant activity, nutritional composition, and mineral content of Moringa Oleifera and Zingiber Officinale, focusing on their leaves, flowers, and rhizomes. Utilizing solvent extraction with ethanol and evaluated the antioxidant properties using DPPH radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, alongside phytochemical analyses for total phenol and flavonoid content. Our results indicate that Moringa leaves exhibit superior antioxidant activity and the highest total phenol and flavonoid content, while ginger rhizome demonstrates significant ferric ion reduction capability. Nutritional analysis revealed that Moringa leaves are rich in protein, ash, and minerals, particularly calcium and iron, surpassing other plant parts and ginger samples. Conversely, ginger rhizome has higher moisture content but lower protein and mineral levels. These findings highlight the distinct health benefits and nutritional superiority of Moringa leaves, suggesting their potential as a valuable dietary supplement, particularly in addressing deficiencies in calcium and iron.
... Foliar application is the best technique for fertilization due to the more benefits of nutrients, the lowest economic cost, and reduced environmental pollution (8, 13,14), this method is more efficient than the ground feeding of the plant in terms of the treating speed of the lack of nutrients that appear clearly on the leaves and since the leaf is the main reason for the photosynthesis process (15,34,49). Studies have proven that foliar spraying of the extract of Moringa leaves is very useful for increasing the vigor of growth (23) because the Moringa leaves contain high percentages of zeatin (26). It has high nutritional value compared to other food crops because it contains a high percentage of carbohydrates (22) and the moringa plant is also rich in protein, as it reaches about (25%) whereas the moringa leaves contain all kinds of vitamins and is a source of amino acids as well as rich in minerals such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron, zinc and phosphorous (48). ...
... We conclude from the results of data analysis in Tables (3 and 4) that spraying with Moringa leaves extract contributed to obtaining a significant increase in the characteristics of the average fruit weight, the average fruit size, and the average tree yield, and also contributed to reducing the percentage of cracked fruits, and this could be attributed to this extract contained high levels of zeatin, isopentyladenine and dihydrozeatin these are endogenous cytokinins, in addition, zeatin plays an important role in cell division and elongation. It is an antioxidant in plants and has anti-aging effects and promotes plant growth (26,46). This, in turn, causes a reduction in the fruit cracking percentage as a result of containing this hormone, which causes an increase in the flexibility, and plasticity of the cell walls and thus reduces the rate of fruit cracking. ...
This experiment was conducted in a private orchard at Aldaraman, Kirkuk Governorate on "Khalobaziani" local fig trees. This study aimed to investigate the effect of spraying with Moringa leaf extract (MLE) at (0, 2, and 4 ml.l-1) and Garlic cloves extract (GCE) at (0, 10, and 20 ml.l-1) on growth and productivity of fig trees. Results showed that trees sprayed with MLE 4 ml.l-1 led to a significant increase in the leaf area, total chlorophyll content, average leaf dry weight, minerals (NPK) content in leaves, average fruit weight and size, and average yield per tree, while significantly decreased fruit cracking percentage compared to control. Furthermore, significant increase in the leaf area, total chlorophyll content, average leaf dry weight, minerals (NPK) content in leaves, and average fruit weight and size in the trees sprayed with GCE 20 ml.l-1 compared to control. The interaction between MLE 4 ml.l-1 and GCE 20 ml.l-1 showed a significant increase in the leaf area, total chlorophyll content, average leaf dry weight, and minerals (NPK) content in leaves, also significantly decreased fruit cracking percentage compared to most of the other treatments.
... The name of the species "oleifera" comes from the Latin word oleum which means oil, and ferre means to carry (3). M. oleifera Lam. is generally referred to as a solution for all diseases and is known to cure more than 300 diseases and therefore termed a https://plantsciencetoday.online Miracle tree or Wonder tree (4). Its leaves are used as leafy vegetables all over India as a part of the diet and in the treatment of diseases in India from the time of Shushruta. ...
... A cardiopulmonary tonic, used as a muscle relaxant, abortive, treating rheumatism, vertebral pains, pain in the lower back or the kidney and diarrhea, carminative, antiinflammatory, stimulant to paralysis (34). In India, the roots are used as laxatives to treat edema or swelling of the feet, hiccups, toothache, earache, asthma, gout, rheumatism, liver diseases, kidney stones, and spleen diseases (4,8). The root bark treats skin diseases, scurvy, and digestive disorders and prevents snake venom from spreading in the bloodstream. ...
Leaves and young pods of Moringa oleifera Lam. are not only used as vegetables, but different parts such as stem, stem barks, gum-resin, root, flower, seed pod, pod husk, seeds, and roots are also used in the traditional system of medicine. Chemical compounds such as alkaloids, phenolics, and terpenoids as excretory or waste products are produced by plants through the metabolic pathways. These chemical compounds have antibiotic, antimicrobial, and anti-insecticidal activity for their self-defense from a wide variety of pathogens. The ethnomedicinal uses and the scientific assessment of M. oleifera Lam. are essential, as it is a traditional food with numerous medicinal properties. Moringa leaves are an excellent nutritional supplement that contains crucial amino acids, minerals, vitamins, proteins, and other bioactive phytochemicals. In particular, the high nutrient content of the leaves benefits pregnant women and infants. It is also an effective diabetic, analgesic, and antimicrobial agent. This review mainly highlights the ancient medicinal uses of different plant parts such as leaves, flowers, fruit pods, seeds, seed oil, stem bark, gums, and roots; its mineral contents, phytochemical composition, and pharmacological potential, especially antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and analgesic activity, emphasizing the molecular mechanisms associated with anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activity.
... Moringa oleifera is known as a miracle tree because it has so many unbelievable nutrients. Moringa has 25 times the amount of iron as spinach, 10 times vitamin A of a carrot, 1.5 times vitamin C of an orange, 17 times calcium of the milk, 15 times in potassium of a banana, and 9 times protein of the yogurt (Fuglie, 1999). Drumsticks and its leaves have been used to fight malnutrition for infants and help to nursing mother for increasing milk production and also regulate thyroid hormone imbalance. ...
... In addition, it has also many industrial uses include the use of its wood in paper and textile industries, bark in the tanning industry and the seeds in water purification (Bhattacharya et al. 1982, Mayer and Stelz, 1993, Palada, 1996and Tauscher, 1994. It has also various uses such as alley cropping, animal forage, biogas, domestic cleaning agent, blue dye, foliar nutrient, gum (from tree trunks), ornamental plantings, bio pesticide, pulp, rope, tannin for tanning hides, water purification, and hair care products (Fuglie, 1999). ...
Constraints faced by farmers in insuring their animals in livestock insurance scheme under national livestock mission.
... The plant is considered as miracle tree due to its abundance nutritive properties as it contains various components likes proteins, carbohydrate, minerals, vitamins etc. having nearly 10-30% of crude proteins, 13-63% of carbohydrates, 6-20% of fat, 7-35% of crude fiber, and 7-10% of mineral matters in leaves per 100 grams of dry weight of plant material. [12,13] The nutritive properties of moringa solely depend on the land in which its being cultivated and the environment around it. [14] Some studies have promisingly shown that 100 grams fresh moringa leaves contain nearly 17% of required protein for the day by the body. ...
... referred from. [12,13] With -linolenic acid being the most important unsaturated fatty acid, contained 57% and 43% of saturated and unsaturated fatty acid respectively. Studies confirmed that it also contained 16-19 amino acids among them 10 are essential amino acids they are: -lysine, leucine, isoleucine, histidine, phenylalanine, methionine, tryptophan, threonine, tyrosine, and valine. ...
Naturally occurring compounds are high in demand these days for their less side-effects with high disease curing capability. Moringa oleifera being a miracle tree which has a high source of essential minerals, amino acids, macro, and micronutrients. Along with these properties studies have revealed that moringa's antioxidant, anti-cancerous, anti-diabetic, malnutrition, anti-inflammatory, etc. can significantly affect the onset of chronic or acute disorders/diseases. Numerous phytochemicals like flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, etc. have been identified in the extract of moringa's plant parts which having the capability to fight against diseases. A new polysaccharide (MOP-2) has been identified which can be used in foods to eradicate malnutrition in population. Herbal medicines play a major role in developing a suitable candidate for the discovery of new drugs hence, moringa have a very high impact on pharmaceutical industries in modern world. Numerous compounds extracted from different parts of the plant give different bioactive compounds like quercetin, kaempferol, apigenin, luteolin, caffeoxylquinic acids, feruloylquinic acids, -carotene, luteoxanthin etc. are actively helps in fight against the diseases.
... The most important traits of Moringa are that it has the biological and food values are high. It can be used as, green fertilizers, medicine, Biopesticides, human food, animal feed with high protein, carotenoids content with many vitamins, and minerals, SALIHU, F; SALIHU, M. U; NYADAR, P. M and some phytocompounds with high levels (Kempifetrine, Isocercetrine, Rehamnite, Kempferol, and cercetin) (Fuglie, 2011). Also, Moringa was used to improve nutrition, and reproductive performance, and support immune functions of poultry and animals (Yang et al., 2016). ...
... Also, Moringa was used to improve nutrition, and reproductive performance, and support immune functions of poultry and animals (Yang et al., 2016). A large improvement in resistance to pests and diseases was observed with the use of moringa leaf extract (MLE), with total yield Increases from 20% to 35% (Fuglie, 2011). ...
Moringa is a medium-sized growing tree that can reach 30 feet in height. Malnutrition is a great concern to human health. It occurs as a result of poor intake of food nutrients. Previous research has indicated that adding Moringa oleifera to animal feed can improve growth, blood chemistry, antibacterial activity, immune enhancer, antioxidant activity, and hypo-cholesterol effect. For this reason, this paper aimed to proximately analyze and determine the nutritional content of Moringa oleifera leaves taken from a horticultural garden in Gwagawlada, Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria, using suitable standard methods. The nutritional contents of M. oliefera leaves were evaluated and the proximate composition shows that the moisture content recorded for the M. oleifera was 13.67%, the protein content was 28.50% while the fiber content of the three treatments recorded was 3.00%, the ash content recorded was 9.33% and the carbohydrate content was noticeably greater than other nutrient contents of the M. oleifera leaves being 56.50%. However, since M. oleifera is a cheap source of nutrients, it can serve as food supplementation, fortification, and complementation (especially in infant feed). Also, Moringa oleifera leaves can be utilized as a dietary supplement to boost cattle performance and efficiency of fodder or can be substituted for traditional crops for economic sustainability, environmentally friendly, safer, and low-cost production.
... The difference in fat content observed between the Moringa leaf samples analyzed in the current study could be associated to difference in the nutrient contents of the soil on which the Moringa trees have grown, and it could also be attributed to genotypic variations between the Moringa trees. The overall mean fat content of the M. oleifera leaf samples analyzed in the present study (7.8 ± 0.13%) ( Table 2) is higher than the fat contents of 2.3%, 5.2% and 6% reported by Agbogidi and Ilondu (2012), Fuglie (2001) and Gopalakrishnan et al. (2016), respectively. ...
... Moringa leaf powder contains over 92% (28 mg of iron/kg) more iron than beef (2 mg) (Fahey 2005). It was also reported that Moringa contains more Fe as compared to spinach (Fuglie 2001). M. oleifera leaf is a good source of zinc and is reported to contain 25.5-31.03 ...
Although Moringa is an important vegetable crop elsewhere, its nutritional and non-food uses are not widely known in Botswana community. This study was conducted to determine the chemical composition and mineral contents of leaves of Moringa oleifera trees grown in Gaborone, Botswana. The leaf samples were collected from Moringa trees grown in the backyards of six different households in Gaborone city. They were dried separately at 55 ºC for 24 h and then ground to obtain a powder for analysis. The data on the proximate composition of the Moringa samples were subjected to Analysis of Variance to determine statistical differences among the mean values. The overall mean values of moisture, fat, protein, ash, fiber and total available carbohydrates of the leaves were 6.93 ± 0.16, 7.78 ± 0.13, 27.1 ± 0.43, 7.34 ± 0.31, 9.1 ± 1 and 46.5 ± 3%, respectively. The Moringa leaves contained average values of 520 ± 96.0, 7.7 ± 1.3, 30.1 ± 15.5, 0.8 ± 0.1, 82.6 ± 6.4, 1.7 ± 0.2, 1.6 ± 0.2 and 0.02 ± 0.00 mg/100g of Calcium, Iron, Sodium, Zinc, Magnesium, Aluminum, Manganese and Chromium, respectively. Significant differences were observed for moisture, fat, protein and ash contents among the six Moringa samples. The results showed that the leaves are rich in nutrients, particularly with high amounts of protein and ash. This suggests that Moringa leaf could serve as an important protein and mineral supplement in the diet and can be consumed as a vegetable in Botswana. The difference in composition observed between the Moringa leaf samples suggests a possible genotypic difference between the Moringa trees used in this experiment. Thus, there is a need for further study to verify this.
Graphical Abstract
... According to Fuglie [7], moringa leaves contain extremely high flavonoid compounds acting as antioxidants. Previous research emphasizes that fresh moringa leaves have seven times more antioxidant power than vitamin C. Quercetin is one of the flavonoid groups owned by moringa leaves with antioxidant power four to five times higher than vitamin C and vitamin E [8]. ...
Preparation of serum in the form of extract nanoemulsions allows effective delivery of active ingredients to the skin due to the more stable nanoemulsions, lower viscosity, transparent visual aspects, and high surface area caused by the small globule size. This study aims to obtain an optimal 96% ethanol concentration and sonication time in forming stable nanoemulsions at temperatures of 4° and 40°C with an active ingredient of moringa leaf extracts. The experiment was performed in four sets of 96% ethanol concentration (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) and three sonication periods (30, 60, and 90 minutes). The freeze-and-thaw method was utilized to evaluate the stability of the nanoemulsions. The analysis unveiled that a 96% ethanol concentration of 10% and a sonication time of 46 minutes was the most appropriate formula, generating a particle size of 30.49 nm with a volume of 73.35%. At the same time, the stability test of the preparation revealed that storage time significantly affected the pH response. However, it did not significantly affect the viscosity response.
... Likewise, Moringa oleifera (MO), commonly known as drumstick tree or horseradish tree, is a dietary plant native to the Indian subcontinent. Belonging to the member of the Moringacaea family it is a fast-growing, drought-resistant tree common throughout northern India's sub-Himalayan tracts and found worldwide in the tropics and sub-tropics (Fuglie, 1999;Basha et al., 2021). The bark, leaves, flowers, and fruits of the plant have all been used in the Ayurvedic medicinal system (Anwar and Rashid, 2007;Rakesh et al., 2021). ...
This study investigated the antioxidant potential and free radical scavenging ability of ethanolic extracts from Tribulus terrestris fruit (TTF) and Moringa oleifera leaf (MOL) ethanolic extract. The antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities were measured by using standard protocols for the doses using 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 µg/ml concentrations. Total phenolic and flavonoid content were estimated using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Among the extracts, MOL showed the highest total antioxidant ability followed by TTF. With regard to various scavenging activities, MOL had the highest radical scavenging activity than TTF extract closely resembled the standards. Also, the reducing capacity on ferrous ions was high in MOL than TTF. The phenolic contents of TTF and MOL ethanolic extracts were quantified. A positive correlation (p value<0.001) was observed between phenolic content and free radical scavenging efficiencies. The results confirm that both MOL and TTF are important sources of natural antioxidants and serves as an effective free radical scavenger and/ or inhibitors. Hence, both extracts are suitable plant-based products that can be used as pharmaceutical agents to handle 'free radical-mediated diseases.
... Regarding the foliar applied K and MLE, findings of current study are in accordance with Azeem and Ahmad [87] who reported that leaf chlorophyll contents were increased in tomato by foliar application of sole MLE and in combination of K, Fe and B. Similar findings related to our study were also reported by Mona [88] who stated that foliar application of MLE increased chlorophyll contents in Erusa vesicaria. Increment in gas exchange attributes antioxidant activities by foliar application of sole MLE, K and MLE, might be due to the presence of different alellochemicals and various secondary metabolites like phenols, ascorbate [30] and zeatin [89]. Our results are in line with the findings of Mona [88] and Abdalla [90] who reported increase in transpiration rate and stomatal conductance by foliar application of MLE in Erusa vesicaria. ...
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is of prime importance because of vital source of protein as major food legume. Globally, it is cultivated on large area to meet dietary requirements of humans. Climatic extremes (erratic rainfall, extreme high and low temperature) are key restrains for its production. Optimum sowing time is considered as an important factor to address climatic variations and to attain maximum yield. Foliar application of potassium (K) has also been reported to increase resistance against abiotic stresses. Similarly, exogenous application of plant based growth substances (bio-stimulants) like moringa leaf extract (MLE) are extensively used to enhance productivity of field crops. Therefore, current study was planned to evaluate the impact of foliar applied K and MLE on growth, physiology and productivity of kabuli chickpea grown under varying sowing dates. There were two sowing dates (normal sown; November 15 and late sown; December 15, 2020). Experiment was comprised of treatments i.e. control, water spray, foliar application of K at 1%, foliar application of MLE at 3% and combined application of K and MLE. Foliar applied K and MLE significantly improved physiological, biochemical and yield attributes of kabuli chickpea cultivated under normal and late sown conditions. Increase in growth and yield attributes like plant height, number of nodules per plant, nodules dry weight, branches and pods per plant, 100- grain weight, biological and grain yield were recorded in case of combined foliar application of K and MLE in normal and late sown chickpea. Maximum improvement in gas exchange attributes (stomatal conductance and transpiration rate), chlorophyll contents, antioxidants (catalase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase) and osmolytes (proline) were recorded with combined application of K and MLE in both sowing dates. Thus, combined applied K and MLE can be used to enhance productivity of kabuli chickpea.
... Moringa leaf is said to be an excellent source of vitamins, minerals and proteins, perhaps more than any other vegetable. [18,32] High levels of minerals elements such as calcium, iron, copper, manganese, zinc, selenium and magnesium have been documented to be present in the leaves of the plant. [21] The mineral composition of M. oleifera plays a significant role in nutritional, medicinal and therapeutic values of the plant. ...
Objective: Conventional fish meal makes up about 60% of the total protein source of the aquaculture diet; it is costly and difficult to get. This study was aimed at utilizing Moringa oleifera leaf and shrimp meals as alternative protein sources in fish feed production. Method: Graded levels of Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MLM) (0, 10, 20 and 30%) and same quantity of shrimp meal were added as replacements in a standard formulation to produce fish diets (M0, M10, M20, and M30, respectively). These diets' proximate, mineral and vitamin composition, plus two commercial feeds (foreign - CopensTM; and local - VitalTM) were analyzed and compared using standard procedures. Results: The formulated feeds had significantly higher (p<0.05) contents of crude fat, fibre, and carbohydrate; but much lower in crude protein than the commercial feeds. The formulated feeds were also significantly richer in Cu, Fe, Zn and P; similar in Mn and Mg; and lower in Ca, Na and K. However, the vitamin profiles of the formulated feeds were significantly poor compared to that of the commercial feeds. Among the MLM supplemented feeds, there was a dose-dependent increase in crude fat, crude fibre, protein, carbohydrate, Na, K, and vitamins. M10 was however richer in Cu, Fe, Zn, and P than M20 and M30. Conclusion: Although supplementation with MLM improved protein levels in formulated feeds, it is far from meeting the optimum protein requirement in fish feed. Further studies are recommended to reduce chitin and crude fibre content in the formulated feeds.
KEYWORDS: Moringa oleifera leaf meal, Shrimp meal, Fish feed, Proximate composition, Mineral nutrients, Vitamins profile.
... The plant is highly valued for its medicinal and nutritional properties and its leaves of contain an impressive array of nutrients (Patil et al., 2022;Shivangini et al., 2022). The fresh leaves and dried leaf powder are abundant in vitamin A (beta carotene), calcium, iron, vitamin C, protein, potassium etc. (Fuglie, 1999;Prabhakar and Hebbar 2008;Saini et al., 2013). The development of hybrids in moringa is of utmost importance in the realm of plant breeding and crop improvement to fully explore and harness its potential. ...
Two hybrid seedlings of drumstick (Moringa oleifera) derived from two crosses between Jaffna and PKM1 (MF1H1) and IC632344 and PKM1 (MF1H2) were evaluated for juvenile growth and nutrient content to study the heterosis (hybrid vigor) at College of Agriculture, Kerala agricultural University, Trissur during 2022-2023. Positive heterosis was evident in both the hybrids for seedling height, root collar girth, number of live leaves, stem volume index, dry matter of leaf and beta-carotene. Also they marked superiority over parents and check variety in case of short intermodal length. Specifically noted the positive heterosis of MF1H1 for Seedling vigour index as well as iron content and MF1H2 for protein content. Regarding the seed germination and vit. C content, both hybrids noted for inferior to the parents and check variety. The heterotic advantages emphasize the potential of harnessing hybrid vigor through hybridisation for the genetic improvement of drumstick.
... Salah satu tumbuhan yang dapat dibudidayakan dan dijadikan sebagai sumber nabati (Fuglie, 1999;Anwar et al., 2007;Krisnadi, 2015;Mawardi, 2023 ...
Indonesia adalah salah satu negara yang menghadapi masalah stunting pada balitanya. Data Statistik PBB tahun 2020 mencatat lebih dari 149 juta (22%) balita di seluruh dunia mengalami stunting, dan 6,3 juta diantaranya merupakan anak usia dini atau balita di Indonesia. Prevalensi Stunting anak anak di jawa barat adalah 20,02 %, hanya sedikit lebih baik dari prevalensi nasional sebesar 21,6%. Jawa Barat adalah daerah dengan potensi pertanian yang dapat ditumbuhi berbagai komoditas yang bergizi tinggi yang dapat mencegah terjadinya stunting. Salah satu tumbuhan yang dapat dibudidayakan dan dijadikan sebagai sumber nabati bergizi tinggi adalah tumbuhan kelor (Moringa oleifera). Oleh karenanya LPPM Unjani menginisiasi program reboisasi daerah bantaran sungai dengan pohon kelor. Kegiatan reboisasi ini diharapkan dapat menjadi embrio penumbuhan kesadaran masyarakat dalam memanfaatkan daun kelor untuk kesehatan Masyarakat. Kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat diintegrasikan dengan kegiatan pembersihan area sungai di area satgas Citarum harum sektor 8, penyuluhan kesehatan gigi dan mulut, pemeriksaan kesehatan gigi dan mulut serta penyuluhan pengelolaan daun kelor dan pengelolaan lingkungan dari aspek hukum.
... Three non-governmental organizations in particular-Trees for Life, Church World Service and Educational Concerns for Hunger Organization-have advocated Moringa as "natural nutrition for the tropics."Moringa leaves contain more Vitamin A than carrots, more calcium than milk, more iron than spinach, more Vitamin C than oranges, and more potassium than bananas," and that the protein quality of Moringa leaves rivals that of milk and eggs [49,50]. ...
Throughout the world, moringa oleifera is a multipurpose herbal plant that is utilized for both medicinal and dietary purposes. Researchers now acknowledge that this plant offers a range of medicinal and nutritional benefits for health. According to research reports, moringa leaves are abundant in β-carotene, protein, vitamin C, calcium, and potassium. They also function as a strong source of natural antioxidants, which extend the shelf life of foods that contain fat because of the existence of several kinds of antioxidant substances, including ascorbic carotenoids, phenolics, flavonoids, and acid. It is referred as in the Philippines as "Mother's Best Friend" due to its use in boosting a woman's milk synthesis and is often recommended for anemia. Its nutrients-rich leaves, pods, and flowers are beneficial to both people and animals. Around the world, people have used moringa as a traditional medicine to treat disorders like cholera, anemia, skin infections,
... M. oleifera is a tiny, drought-resistant deciduous tree with a height of 5 to 12 cm [49]. It has an outstanding capacity to provide nutritional, medicinal, and industrial uses to humans, as well as for animal fodder [50]. It is high in amino acids, beta-carotene, ascorbic acid, and vitamins. ...
Citation: Khan, R.U.; Khan, A.; Naz, S.; Ullah, Q.; Laudadio, V.; Tufarelli, V.; Ragni, M. Potential Applications of Moringa oleifera in Poultry Health and Production as Alternative to Antibiotics: A Review. Antibiotics Abstract: Because of developing bacterial resistance and increased public awareness of health and food safety problems, the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in the chicken industry has been outlawed. This problem has spurred the poultry industry and sector to explore for safe antibiotic alternatives and to focus on developing better long-term feed management solutions in order to improve chicken health and growth. As a result, phytogenics have developed as natural antibiotic alternatives, with a lot of potential in the poultry industry. Moringa oleifera has gotten a lot of attention from researchers in the recent past as a natural product with a lot of health advantages for poultry. Moringa is known for its antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hypocholesterolemic properties, as well as its capacity to activate digestive enzymes in the stomach, owing to the presence of hundreds of essential ingredients. The potential influence of M. oleifera as a natural feed supplement on overall gut health, nutritional digestibility, blood biochemical profile, antioxidant benefits, antibacterial potential, and immunological response is emphasized in this review.
... 4,7,8 Moringa oleifera is an excellent source of nutritional, therapeutic and industrial tool for human and livestock ailments. 9,10 It is a small, rapid developing, drought 'deciduous' tree, having tallness within the range of 5-12 m. 11 It belongs to Moringa, (family Moringaceae) under the order Brassicales. It is also known as the miracle tree, horseradish tree and drumstock tree. ...
The plants originated from an agroforestry system have gained immense importance in livestock health and production. The trial was planned to examine the effects of Moringa olei-fera leaf extract (MLE) supplementation on the performance, blood metabolites, immunity and lipid peroxidation in broiler chicks. A total of 350 day old broiler chicks were divided into negative control (MLE 0), positive control (antibiotic; AB-enro), M. oleifera supplementa-tion at the concentration of 60 (MLE 60), 90 (MLE 90) and 120 mL/L (MLE 120) of drinking water. Performance parameters such as feed intake, body weight and feed conversion ratio, anti-body titer against Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis, heterophils and lymphocytes ratio, blood glucose, protein, and malanodialdehyde were determined. The results showed that carcass yield was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in MLE 90 followed by MLE 120 and AB-enro. MLE 60 and MLE 90 showed significant (p < 0.05) increase in antibody titer against New-castle (ND) and Infectious-bronchitis (IB) respectively. Significantly (p < 0.05) lower Heterophil to lymphocyte (H:L) ratio was observed in MLE 90 and MLE 120 compared to the negative control. Significantly (p < 0.05) lower blood glucose concentration and significantly (p < 0.05) higher mean serum protein value were found in MLE 120. The MLE 120 showed significantly (p < 0.05) lower concentration of malanodialdehyde (MDA). It was concluded that M. oleifera leaf extract supplementation at the concentration of 120 mL/L of drinking water improved carcass yield, immunity, blood metabolites and reduced lipid peroxidation in broiler chicks. HIGHLIGHTS Moringa improved the carcass yield of broiler Moringa is an excellent immune potentiating agent in broiler Moringa enhanced the antioxidant potential of broiler
... Moringa leaves also contain many other nutrients, including protein, carbs, vitamins, and minerals. The vitamin content encompasses vitamins A and C, which are abundant in β-carotene (Fuglie & Lowell, 2005). These contents contribute to the weight gain of mice given MLEE. ...
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to insulin resistance. Type 2 diabetes is considerably more prevalent than other forms (85–90%). The risk of type 2 diabetes is higher in women (53.2%). There is an urgent requirement for better and more affordable treatment options considering DM therapy is expensive and may have adverse health effects. The study's objective is to examine how acute toxicity, blood glucose levels, and body weight are affected by Moringa leaf ethanol extract (MLEE). Maceration was employed to eliminate the leaves of the moringa plant. Phytochemical screening was completed to assess the total flavonoid content and screen for alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, and tannins. Acute toxicity testing was performed following OECD guideline 423. Clinical symptoms of acute toxicity were observed every 30 minutes for the first 24 hours post-treatment, followed by observations every 24 hours up to 14 days. The estimated LD50 range was determined. Streptozotocin/ nicotinamide-induced female Mus musculus was administered to evaluate the antidiabetic potential of MLEE. Six groups of mice were utilized, which included a healthy control group (aquades not induced), a negative control group (induced aquades), a positive control group (induced glimepiride 0.8 mg/kg BW), and three treatment groups with varying dosages of MLEE (induced; 0, 100, and 150 mg/kg BW). A semi-auto chemical analyzer was employed on days 0 through 31 to determine blood glucose levels. An analytical digital balance was utilized to calculate the body weight. With a total flavonoid concentration of 20.75%, MLEE incorporated alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, and tannins. MLEE demonstrated a significant effect in lowering blood glucose levels at a dose of 100 mg/kg BW (P<0.05). A significant positive correlation has been identified between body weight and blood glucose levels (P<0.05).
... Bu bitki insanların beslenme, tıbbi ve endüstriyel kullanımlarının yanı sıra hayvanlarda yem hammaddesi olarak kullanımı konusunda olağanüstü bir kapasiteye sahiptir (Fuglie, 1999). Asya ve Afrika'da Moringa'nın baklaları, çiçekleri, kökleri ve yaprakları yeşil sebzelere alternatif olarak pişirilerek tüketilmektedir (Fahey ark., 2001). ...
Diğer hayvancılık kollarında olduğu gibi kanatlı hayvan yetiştiriciliğinde de işletmelerin masraflarının en önemli kısmını yem masrafları oluşturmaktadır. Özellikle, gelişmekte olan pek çok ülkede önemi artan, bulunması zorlaşan ve pahalı hale gelen yem masrafları birçok küçük ölçekli kümes hayvancılığı işletmesinin kapanmasına ve kümes hayvanı üretiminin toplam maliyetinin artmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu durum, kanatlı ürünleri olan tavuk eti ile yumurta fiyatlarının artmasına, gelişmekte olan ve az gelişmiş pek çok ülkede birincil hayvansal protein kaynağı olan kanatlı eti ve ürünlerinin tüketiminin ve alım gücünün düşmesine, yetersiz ve dengesiz beslenme gibi pek çok olumsuz duruma yol açmaktadır. Yem masraflarını düşürmek, dolayısıyla kanatlılardan elde edilen ürünlerin maliyetini azaltmak için alternatif bir yem madde arayışı çok önemlidir. Anavatanı Asya olan Moringa oleifera, besin maddeleri açısından oldukça zengin olan ve soya fasulyesi, mısır gibi geleneksel hayvan rasyonunda kullanılabilen yem maddelerinin bir kısmının yerini alabilecek bitkilerden biridir. Afrika ve Asya’da Moringa oleifera’nın kanatlı performansı ve ekonomik verimlilik üzerindeki etkisini araştıran pek çok araştırma yapılmıştır. Belirli bir oranda Moringa tohumlarının veya yapraklarının rasyona dahil edilmesinin, üretim performansını, et kalitesini, hayvan sağlığını ve refahını artırdığını, ancak daha yüksek miktarlarda kullanıldığında ise hayvanın yaşamını zorlaştırıp, üretim parametrelerinin azalmasına yol açtığı bildirilmiştir. Yapılan çalışmalarda; kanatlı rasyonlarına %5-10 arasında Moringa ilavesinin performansı olumlu etkilediğini gösterirken, rasyona %10’un üzerinde Moringa ilave edildiğinde ise hayvanların performansının kötüleştiğini belirtmişlerdir. Bu derleme, alternatif bir yem maddesi olan Moringa oleifera’nın yapraklarının ve tohumlarının kanatlı hayvanların performansı üzerindeki etkisini belirlemek amacıyla hazırlanmıştır.
... Moringa Pods are used for the treatment of digestive problems and the leavesare also added in different diets due to its low calorific value (Oduro, 2008). Essential Minerals(such as Calcium, Iron and Zinc) for human proper growth and development were reported to be richer in Moringa than in Milk, Beef and Spinach ( (Barminas, 1998 andFuglie, 1999). ...
Moringa is a treasured plantdue to its exceptionally high nutritional content and drought-tolerant in the tropics and subtropics. A study was conducted to investigate the effect of spacing on Growth performance and Nutrient quality of Moringa (Moringa stenopetala) under the semi-arid conditions of Sokoto, Nigeria. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used and replicated three times. Data collected were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and significant differences exist among the means, Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) will be used to separate the mean values. Results from this study revealed that spacing had no significant influence on number of leaves (NL), plant height (PH) and collar diameter (CD) except for number of branches (NB) with 6 NB each at 15 x 15 cm and 20 cm x 20 cm. The study further reveals an increase in leaf area index (LAI) with the values of 1.00 cmand 1.03 cmat 15 cm x 20 cm and 20 cm x 30 cm, root-shoot ratio of 2.53 cm and 2.50 cm at 15 cm x 15 cm and 15 cm x 20 cm respectively. Biomass accumulation were also higher with the values of 39.57 g and 5.9 g for fresh and dry weight both at 15x15 cm plant spacing. However, 20x20 cm plant spacing had indicated higher concentrations of both micro nutrients (Mg, Na, P, S) and macro nutrients (Cr, Fe, Mn and Sr). Therefore, Moringa stenopetala proved to have a good growth performance at a medium plant spacing and could provide nutritional needs of not only human but also livestock in semi-arid region of Nigeria.
... M. oleifera and particularly its leaves, enriched with minerals and nutrients, can be used as a promising food source. It produces the maximum number of leaves at the end of the dry season, when the other food sources are usually scarce (Fuglie 1999). The few reports described clonal proliferation of M. oleifera using nodal explants from young seedlings or older plants (Stephenson and Fahey 2004;Islam et al. 2005;Marfori 2010). ...
The current research work was designed to study the effects of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on morphological and phytochemical profile of in vitro culture of Moringa oleifera . The surface sterilized Moringa seeds were cultured on MS basal medium containing different concentrations of carbon nanotubes (0, 20, 50, 80 and 100 mg/l) and incubated at 25 ± 1°C for germination, and/or callus induction and regeneration. Similarly, the germinated in vitro plants were analysed for biochemical analysis and phytohormones level. The results showed that earlier germination (after 3 days) was recorded on CNTs-fortified medium and the highest used concentration (100 mg/l) of CNTs resulted in 100% germination of the explants. Similarly, in case of callogenesis, we found that as we increased the CNTs concentrations from lower to higher, we obtained higher percentage in callus formation and highest fresh (3.081 ± 0.005 g) and dry weight (1.64 ± 0.0012 g) were recorded on the media with 100 mg/l of CNTs. The induced calli were subjected to regeneration and the best results in the highest number of shoot (5 ± 0.57), shoot length (11 ± 0.57 cm), highest number of leaves (24), highest root number (12 ± 0.57), and root length (9.8 ± 0.35) were all observed on 100 mg/l CNTs-media. The spectrophotometric analysis of the total soluble sugars, proline, flavonoids, and phenolic contents revealed that the highest flavonoids were found on 50 mg/l concentration of CNTs, while the highest sugars, proline, and phenolics were observed on 100 mg/l of CNTs. The phytohormones, indole acetic acid (IAA, salicyclic acid, and gibberellic acid) were quantified. CNTs affected the level of IAA, however SA and GA were not significantly affected by the use of CNTs in the MS media. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first trial in determining the impact of CNTs on the morphological and biochemical characteristics of the medicinally important plant, M. oleifera , where the application of CNTs caused a growth promoting effect on moringa plant and triggered the biosynthesis of essential plant metabolites.
... It is widely cultivated in the tropics as well. [7] Pulp, blue dye, fencing(living trees) In the present study, powdered seed of Moringa oleifera was used to determine the gradation of pH with time on different sources of water as well as the total dissolved solid of the water sources after treatment with Moringa oleifera. The study covers also, the use of Moringa oleifera seed powder to determine the degree of purity of different sources of water by considering their pH, total dissolved solid, and turbidity. ...
Most people in the rural areas, due to high cost of treatment of water, resort to readily available sources of water which are of low quality and thereby get themselves exposed to water borne diseases. This therefore approves the aim of this study which is to determine the degree of purity of water sources in Bali metropolis of Taraba State, Nigeria as treated with Moringa oleifera (zogalle), commercial Alum, and their combination. The phyisco-chemical properties investigated for in the raw and treated water were pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), and turbidity. The pH of the various raw water sources investigated were 7.26 for well water, 8.00 for pond, 7.64 for river Taraba water and 7.50 for borehole. When Moringa oleifera seed powder was used as a sole coagulant in the treatment of the various sources of water, it was observed that the pH of the water sources reduced to the recommended range set by World Health Organization standard for drinking water. The investigation using 5g i.e. (1g/2) Moringa oleifera seed powder to treat different water sources after 24hrs showed that the pH reduced to 6.50 for well, 6.50 for pond, 7.11 for River Taraba water and 6.02 for borehole. There was little increment in value of Total Dissolved Solid in some of the treated water sources than the raw water sources indicating high dissolution of Moringa oleifera in the solution. These increments were observed in Borehole and river water. The turbidity test showed that Moringa dose reduced the different sources of water turbidity to 17.1 NTU, 20.8 NTU, 18.1 NTU and 16.2 NTU for well, pond, river and borehole against 102.0 NTU, 115.5 NTU, 104.3 NTU and 99.10 NTU respectively for a settled period of 2 h. This gave a reduction value of 83.23%, 81.99%, 82.64% and 83.65% for well, pond, river and borehole respectively. Therefore, this investigation about the use of Moringa oleifera for the treatment of drinking water may be an important, sustainable, and affordable indigenous method towards reduction, and improvement of quality of life for a larger size of the poor by providing extra income and food.
... Antioxidant properties with sunflower oil, α-tocopherol and linoleic acid were found in Moringa oleifera leaves extracts (Arabshahi et al., 2007). The leaves of Moringa oleifera are suggested as supplement because of rich in nutrients for breastfeeding mothers and infant in Asia and Africa (Fuglie et al., 1999). Various chemical compounds are isolated from this plant such as Nitrile compounds, mustard oil glycosides, benzyl glycosides, phenolic glycosides, flavonoid glycosides, thiocarbamate glycosides and amino acid (Farooq et al., 2012). ...
The present study is projected to evaluate the antioxidant potential of methanol and ethanol extracts of stem bark of Moringa oleifera (Family:Moringaceae). Moringa oleifera is a speedy growing and drought challenging plant inhabitant to the Indian subcontinent with several biological activities and therapeutic properties. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using total antioxidant capability, total flavonoid and total phenol contents determination assays. Moderate amounts of phenolics and flavonoids were found in the stem bark extracts, expressed as galic acid equivalent (GAE) and quercetin equivalent (QE) respectively. The methanol extract of Moringa oleifera (MEM) demonstrated highest flavonoid content (50.5±0.7 mg/gm QE) and phenolic content (32.5±1.18 mg/gm GAE) than ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera (EEM). In addition, the plant parts displayed good total antioxidant capacity articulated as ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE) with methanol extract of Moringa oleifera (MEM) being the highest one (54.17±3.54 mg/gm AAE). The results of present comprehensive analysis demonstrate that stem bark of Moringa oleifera possess moderate flavonoid, phenolic contents and prospective anti-oxidant activity and might be used as an excellent source of natural antioxidants and could be used for pharmacological test of various therapeutic activities.
... M. oleifera is common in countries such as Nepal, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, India, Cambodia, Philippines, Hawaii (Nouman et al., 2014). M. oleifera has many names in different languages (Ramachandran et al., 1980;Fuglie, 1999;Parrotta, 2009;Paikra et al., 2017;Sujatha and Patel, 2017;World Flora Online, 2022;Trees for Life, 2023). A summary of M. oleifera nomenclature is provided in Supplementary Materials. ...
Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) is a species of tree with an increasing utility, occurring naturally mainly in Pakistan and northern India. M. oleifera is currently cultivated in Africa, South America, Asia and the Middle East. The usage of its leaves, seed oil, bark, fruits, flowers and roots has positive opinions of FDA (American Food and Drug Administration), EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) and CosIng (Cosmetic Ingredients database). The chemical composition of M. oleifera is dominated by: proteins (consisting mainly of amino acids such as arginine or serine), fatty acids (omega-3 and omega-6), vitamins (vitamin A, B and C and tocopherols), mineral salts (including several bioelements, such as calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium), valuable polyphenolic compounds from the group of phenolic acids (e.g., gallic acid, ferulic acid) and flavonoids (e.g., myricetin, rutoside, and kaempferol). The raw materials show antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. Dietary supplements and alimentary products containing M. oleifera are recommended as health-promoting and “novel food” preparations. The main purpose of this work was a review of the latest scientific literature on M. oleifera , with particular emphasis on the studies focusing on its chemical composition, biological activity and safety. Moreover, the review tends to discuss the results of biotechnological studies using this material and the agronomical significance.
... Zeatin plays a significant role in cell division and cell elongation. The rich antioxidant contents of plant extract promote plant growth, and they act as anti-aging effects (Fuglie, 1999;Siddhuraju & Becker, 2003;Anwar et al., 2007). Moringa leaves extract is also rich in proteins (25%), it contains the necessary essential minerals such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron, zinc, and phosphorus (Sodamade et al., 2017). ...
The present study during seasons in 2022 to study the extracts effect of moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaves at (2-, 4-, and 6-ml l-1), garlic (Allium sativum) cloves (5, 10, and 15 ml l-1), and turmeric (Curcuma longa) at (5, 10, and 15 ml l-1) sprayers on Salakhani pomegranate. Thirty uniform trees were selected, and each tree was considered as an experimental unit using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The results showed that spraying pomegranate trees with moringa leaves extract with 2 and 6 ml l-1 and all doses of turmeric extract significantly increased surface area and dry weight of leaf, except 6-ml L-1 and 15 ml l-1 of morenga leaves extract of turmeric extract increased leaf dry weight non-significantly compared to the control. As well as all garlic clove extract levels increased the surface area and dry weight of the leaf significantly compared to the control. Moreover, all plant extract treatments were effective in increasing the number of fruits and yield per tree compared to the control. Additionally, most plant extract treatments improved all chemical parameters including total soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, total sugar, and anthocyanin content as compared to the control.
... The tree has its origin from the South Indian of Tamil Nadu, kerala, from where the name Moringa came. It is believed to have variety usages which include combating malnutrition, anticancer and is being promoted as a panacea (Fahey, 2005;Fuglie, 1999Fuglie, , 2000Galan et al., 2004;Ruckmani et al., 1998). In many cases, published in-vitro (cultured cells) and in-vivo (animal) trials do provide a degree of mechanistic support for some of the claims that have sprung from the traditional medicine lore. ...
This study was designed to evaluate the Hepatoprotective effect of Ethanolic leave Extract of Moringo Oleifera on the Histology of the liver of wistar rats. Fifteen (15) female adult wistar rats were divided into three (3) groups. Group I was the Control group that received distilled water only, group II was the negative control that received 1 g/kg of paracetamol on the 10 th day, and group III received 500 mg/kg of the extract for duration of ten (10) days. Group III was pre-treated with 500 mg/kg of the ethanolic leave extract of Moringa oleifera before inducing the liver damage on the 10 th day with 1 g/kg of paracetamol. Twelve (12) h after administration, the rats were sacrificed and the liver was fixed immediately in Formalin. The liver tissues was processed and stained in Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E).The histological observations showed that the leave extract of Moringa oleifera was hepatoprotective.
... High protein and all essential amino acids are abundant in the leaves which can support livestock production (Makkar andBecker, 1996 andFerreira et al., 2008). In addition, the leaves are packed with essential vitamins and minerals such as Vitamin A, C & B-vitamins, calcium, iron, copper and sulfur (Sreeramulu, 1982;Dahot, 1988;Gupta and Barat, 1989;Fuglie, 2002;Anwar and Bhanger, 2003;Siddhuraju and Becker, 2003;Anhwange et al., 2004;and Anwar et al., 2007). Delivering such powerful nutrition as well as having an ability to absorb and neutralize toxic elements in food could justify the development of the plant as one of the major local feed stuffs for cattle, swine and poultry (Mutayoba, et al., 2011). ...
The effects of feeding Moringa Oleifera leaves meal (MOLM) as a nontraditional feed on performance and immune response were studied in broiler chicks raised on floor litter from 1 till 5 weeks of age. A total of 144 Cobb strain broiler chicks of were distributed into 3 treatments (48 chicks/ treatment) with 4 replicates per treatment and 12 chicks per pen. Dietary MOLM levels of 0, 2, and 4% were supplemented to a basal ration (control) containing 22.4% crude protein and 3100 Kcal/kg metabolizable energy so that the three diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous and met the requirements of broilers for all essential nutrients. Results indicated that at 4 weeks of age, body weight of birds fed the 2% MOLM was numerically higher than those of both the control and 4% MOLM. At 5 weeks of age, however, the body weight of birds offered the 4% dietary MOLM, was lowered (P<.05) by 3.6 and 2.4% as compared to the control and 2% MOLM, respectively. The overall means of feed conversion values of all treatments were comparable (1.9). However, at 5-week-old the 4% MOLM recorded lower FCR (2.7) than (P<.01) both control and 2% MOLM (2.3 and 2.4, respectively). Protein conversion ratio values indicated that the chicks received 2% MOLM were superior (2.36) to the control 0.0% and 4% MOLM fed groups (2.53 and 2.81%, respectively). Performance index (PI) and production number (PN) showed no differences among all treatments. Lymphoid organs weight as (%) of body weight showed that bursa % in the group received 2% MOLM recorded the highest (P<.01) weight in comparison to the control and 4% (.189% vs. .105 and .112%, respectively) in response to dietary supplementation. The percentage of abdominal fat was numerically lower in 2% MOLM fed group and coincided with a decreased (P<.01) level of ether extract % in body composition analyses. In conclusion, MOLM could be incorporated at 2% in broiler diets for improving carcass quality, immune response and protein conversion ratio. _________________________________________________________________________
... Moringa oleifera increases numbering of phagocytic cells and used to decrease the levels of carbon from blood. It facilitates phytate breakdown by action of phytase enzymes which lead to absorption of phosphorus [13]. Moringa oleifera plants treats Hepatitis B infection in humans [14]. ...
... Both extracts showed antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and inhibited formation of cariogenic biofilm. 23 Figure 1: Various parts of Moringa Oleifera [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] As Antimicrobial Agent ...
There are about thirteen species of Moringa trees in the family Moringaceae. Moringa oleifera Lam. (synonym: Moringa pterygosperma Gaertn.) is the most widely known species. All part of the Moringa tree is useful in some way and people depends on it for their livelihood. The leaves of the Moringa tree are an excellent source of Nutrients like Minerals, Protein and Vitamins (A and C). Moringa tree has approximately 46 antioxidants and it is one of the cheapest sources of natural anti-oxidants. Anti-oxidants supply the free atoms needed by the human body and mitigate the effect of free radicals. M. oleifera contains active compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, phenolics, and triterpenoids which possess antibacterial effects. Moringa leaves contains flavonoids and tannins that are thought to have anti-inflammatory effects Moringa oleifera has high mineral and protein content and has been previously investigated for its potential in treating different oral soft tissue diseases. Present review summarises the various medicinal uses of Moringa oleifera. Keywords: Moringa oleifera, Anti-oxidants, Oral diseases, dentistry
... One of the most beneficial trees on earth, Moringa oleifera, may be used practically anywhere for food, medicine, and industrial use 8 . Based on studies [9][10][11] , moringa leaves have seven times the vitamin C of oranges, four times the calcium of milk, four times the Vitamin A of carrots, three times the potassium of bananas, and two times the protein of yoghurt. Newborns and nursing moms are especially encouraged to eat the leaves because they are very nutritious, especially if they are from developing nations or areas where malnutrition is common. ...
Powdered leaves of Moringa oleifera are useful in reducing stunting. Based on nutrigenomic and biological
research, adding powdered Moringa oleifera leaves to supplemental foods may be beneficial to health. Molecular
qualities that are anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anemia-preventing. Therefore, more study in these areas
will be needed in the future. The moringa plant provides all of the essential elements that individuals need. They
contain not only the essential nutrients but also some that aren't. Medical facilities, especially those in rural
regions where malnutrition is common, should emphasize raising awareness of the nutritional and therapeutic
benefits of moringa. One strategy is to brand Moringa as the "Family Tree" in order to encourage its planting in
family compounds. "The purpose of this narrative review was to address undernutrition as a type of malnutrition
in children, the strategies implemented in South Africa to address childhood malnutrition and its difficulties,
complementary feeding practices in South Africa, particularly in KZN and the potential use of MOLP as a
fortifier to increase the nutritional content of home-prepared complementary foods".
... Traditional remedies prescribe an infusion of the leaves to treat conjunctivitis and as a poultice on the abdomen to expel intestinal worms. Fresh leaves are beneficial for pregnant and lactating women as they improve milk production and are also prescribed for anemia (Fuglie, 1999). The leaves are used to treat diarrhea and hypertension (Anwar et al., 2007). ...
... M. oleifera, a compact drought-resistant deciduous tree standing 5-12 cm tall , holds exceptional value for humans and animals alike, providing nutrition, medicinal properties and industrial applications (Mbikay 2012). This plant is rich in beta-carotene, amino acids and vitamins, contributing to its therapeutic potential in treating various ailments (Fuglie 1999). Moreover, it serves as an antioxidant, antimicrobial agent and growth stimulant (Ullah et al. 2022), with antioxidant benefits derived from caffeic acid and cinnamic acid . ...
A total of 180 unsexed, 1-day-old quail chicks were divided into four treatments (three replicates). The treatment groups were designated as MOLE-0, MOLE-1, MOLE-2 and MOLE-3. In the MOLE-0 group, quails received a basal diet without supplementation. For MOLE-1, quails were provided with 100 mg/L of MOLE in their water, while MOLE-2 received 200 mg/L of water with MOLE supplementation. The fourth treatment, MOLE-3, received a concentration of 300 mg/L of MOLE in their drinking water. The findings revealed that MOLE-3 exhibited significantly higher weight gain and dressing percentage, along with a lower feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05), while the control group (MOLE-0) exhibited the least growth performance. MOLE-3 showed statistically higher antibody titres and immune organ weights, followed by MOLE-2 and MOLE-1. Conversely, the control group (MOLE-0) had a lower antibody titre against ND. Additionally, nutrient digestibility analysis indicated that MOLE-3 had higher digestibility of dry matter and crude protein (P < 0.05), while group MOLE-0 exhibited lower digestibility (P < 0.05). We concluded that supplementing Moringa oleifera leaf extract at a rate of 300 mg/L resulted in improved growth performance, immunity and nutrient digestibility in Japanese quails.
... The solution was subsequently purified by wringing the solution (utilizing a mutton cloth). The extract was re-filtered using No. 2 Whatman filter paper (Fuglie, 2000). The extract was utilized within 5 h after extracting and cutting. ...
A potting experiment was conducted was carried out during the two consecutive seasons of 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 to investigate the impact of various bio-stimulant treatments, specifically salicylic acid (SA), ascorbic acid (AA), and Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MLE), as well as their combinations on plant growth, flowering and chemical composition of Dahlia pinnata plants cultivated in sandy soils. The study utilized an experimental design followed by a complete block design with three replications having eight treatments as follows: control, 300 mg/l SA, 300 mg/l AA, 10 mg/l MLE, SA+AA, SA+MLE, AA+MLE, and SA+AA+MLE. The results indicated that the application of various bio-stimulant treatments, either individually or in combination, resulted in enhanced vegetative growth characteristics, flowering attributes, and tuberous root production, as well as improved chemical constituents when compared to untreated plants. In addition, the most effective treatment combinations were found to be MLE + SA + AA, followed by SA + MLE, based on overall outcomes.
... This multi-purpose plant is highly valued for its medicinal and nutritional properties, with its leaves containing an impressive array of nutrients (Moyo et al., 2011;Patil et al., 2022;Shivangini et al., 2022) [16,19,23] . The fresh leaves and dried leaf powder are abundant in vitamin A (beta carotene), calcium, iron, vitamin C, protein, potassium etc. (Fuglie, 1999;Prabhakar and Hebbar, 2008) [7,21] . Due to its ability to thrive in dry periods and poor soils, this fast-growing species has high potential for cultivation worldwide (Morton, 1991) [15] and is regarded as one of the most important and beneficial trees (Anwar et al., 2007) [1] . ...
This study was conducted at College of Agriculture, Vellanikkara, Kerala Agricultural University, during 2022-23 to critically analyse the pollen morphology, viability, germination and stigma receptivity of M. oleifera, on each day of flower anthesis, specifically in PKM1 and Jaffna varieties for maximum reproductive success and genetic improvement. Flower anthesis in both varieties follows a forenoon pattern, with PKM1 from 7: sucrose, sucrose + boric acid, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, and magnesium sulphate on freshly dehisced pollen germination resulted 96.67% in 10% sucrose + 150 ppm boric acid solution, with a mean pollen tube length of 1006 µm. Artificial in-vivo pollination on stigmas at each stage of flower opening using freshly dehisced pollen grains yielded the highest success rates on the 2 nd and 3 rd days (45%) in PKM1 and on the 2 nd day (43%) in Jaffna suggested increased receptivity of the stigma during these specific days.
Throughout the world, Moringa oleifera is a multifunctional herbal plant that is used both as a substitute for traditional medicines and as nourishment for humans. Moringa oleifera is a miracle tree found in tropical and subtropical regions all around the world. Moringa oleifera is highly nutritious and leaves are being consumed as food items in human diets. Moringa oleifera foliage, pods, barks, and roots, have anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidants activities which reduce the side effects for radiotherapy and are extensively utilized in traditional systems of medicine. In recent medical research Moringa oleifera is used to create green nanoparticles to overcome medical and radiotherapy issues. In addition to discussing the production, dietary needs, marketability, and notable pharmacological qualities of this "Miracle Tree". This review examines the usage of Moringa oleifera across disciplines for its medical usefulness.
Moringa oleifera is a plant which has high amount of Antioxidant properties and have greater ability to reduce the oxidative stress and maintain the cell functioning. This study compared total phenol, total flavonoid, total Alkaloid, total Terpenoid, Total Saponins, Total Tannin, content and antioxidant properties between urban and coastal Moringa oleifera The total phenol content in Urban Moringa oleifera is 0.67 mg/L and coastal area is 0.4mg/L. The total flavonoid content in Urban Moringa oleifera is 1.3 mg/L and coastal area is 1.1 mg/L. The total Tannin content in Urban Moringa oleifera is 0.02 mg/L and coastal area is 0.01 mg/L. The Total Saponin content in Urban Moringa oleifera is 2.3 mg/L and Coastal area is 2.6 mg/L. The Total Terpenoid content in Urban Moringa oleifera is 0.05 mg/L and Coastal area is 0.16 mg/l. The Total Alkaloid content in Urban Moringa oleifera is 0.5% and Coastal area is 0.3%.
The effect of dietary inclusion of Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MLP) on the growth, meat quality, carcass characteristics, hematobiochemical profile, and cecal bacteria of broiler chicken was investigated in this research trial. In this study, 192-day-old Arbor Acre broiler chicks were assigned in a completely randomized design to three groups: control, antibiotic, and MLP. A standard basal diet was given to the control group, while the antibiotic group received 75 mg/kg chlortetracycline, and the MLP group received 100 mg/kg M. oleifera leaf powder supplemented basal diet. Each group was further divided into eight replicates consisting of eight birds each, and the trial ran for 35 days. Among the groups, the MLP-fed broilers achieved the highest final body weight (FBW), average daily gain (ADG), and average daily feed intake (ADFI). Notably, the FCR for the whole experimental period was lower in the MLP group, indicating a more efficient use of feed for growth. Supplementation of MLP with basal diet significantly increased (p < 0.05) the weight of thighs and drumsticks relative to live weight %, while the spleen and abdominal fat weight (% of live weight) were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Adding MLP to the diet improved the meat quality of broilers, as indicated by the highest pH of meat at 45 min and the lowest cooking loss (%) observed in this group. MLP exhibited hypocholesterolemic and hypolipidemic effects, with the lowest total cholesterol and triglyceride levels compared to non-supplemented groups. The hematological profile revealed that the MLP group exhibited the highest RBC count and Hb level, while also showing the lowest H/L ratio. Moringa supplementation significantly (p < 0.05) modulated the cecal bacterial population, reducing pathogenic E. coli and Shigella spp. while increasing beneficial Lactobacillus spp. and the total aerobic plate count (TAPC). In conclusion, Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MLP) can be used as a natural feed supplement for promoting the growth, meat quality, healthy blood, and sound health of broilers.
This study aimed to evaluate the diversity of Moringa oleifera Lam plants cultivated in the Melk Zhar experimental field of INRA Agadir and identify the most efficient morphotypes. Thirty-nine individuals were characterised morphologically and genetically by 10 morphological traits and 10 ISSR (inter simple sequence repeat) primers. Additionally, oil contents were extracted using ultrasound-assisted extraction with hexane as solvent. Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering were performed on morphological traits, revealing yield and pod weight variability as the most relevant indicators for discriminating among individuals. The results provided a representative classification into three groups. ISSR molecular markers effectively characterised genetic diversity in M. oleifera, with an average polymorphism of 90% across the 39 individuals. Notably, dinucleotide repeat (GA)n and (AC)n primers, ISSR857, ISSR1/8, ISSR807, and ISSR6, were identified as the most effective. Moreover, the oil yield from M. oleifera seeds exhibited variability ranging from 15 to 34%. Specific individuals like M16 or M32 may be targeted when striving for higher yields. Individual M7 stands out for its exceptional high oil and fruit yield combination. The findings of this study offer morphological and molecular characterisations of M. oleifera. These characterisations can be employed in breeding programs, mainly focusing on traits related to oil yield. They can contribute to the further cultivation of M. oleifera in Morocco as an alternative crop.
This study was carried out during the winter season of 2022-2023 at the Research Station of College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad /AL-Jadiriya, Iraq. In order to know the effect of seed soaking with Moringa leaf extract on some vegetative growth characteristics and biological yield of three bread wheat cultivars. Randomized Complete Block Design with the arrangement of split-plots with three replications was used. Bread wheat cultivars (Rasheed, Buhooth 22, Buhooth 10) occupied the main plots while treatments of soaking with Moringa leaf extract occupied the sub-plots, they included three concentrations (1% , 3% , 5% in addition to 0% tap water as control). The obtained results indicated that cultivar Rasheed was superior in plant height (100.23cm), flag leaf area (48.06cm 2), number of tillers (409.3m-2), spike length (17.38cm), dry weight (1243.3 g m-2) and biological yield (12.45 t ha-1). The results showed that most of the treatments Moringa leaves extracted recorded significant differences from the control treatment which gave the lowest values, except for the number of tillers. The highest values were in the 3% concentration treatment and for all studied traits that were included plant height (105.11cm), leaf area (49.29cm 2), spike length (15.83cm), dry weight (1283.3g m-2) and biological yield (12.24 t ha-1). The effect of interaction for both factors was significant in most studied traits except for the number of tillers. ب البذور تنقيع تأثير المورينك أوراق مستخلص والحاصل النمو صفات بعض في ا البايولوجي أصناف لثالثة الخبز حنطة من م. د. بندر جاسم سرى 1 المستخلص الشتوي الموسم خالل الدراسة هذه أجريت 0200-0202 الزراعية، الهندسية العلوم كلية أبحاث محطة في العراق. الجادرية، / بغداد جامعة تنقيع تأثير لمعرفة المورينك أوراق بمستخلص البذور صفات بعض في ا والحاصل الخضري النمو البايولوجي من أصناف لثالثة حنطة الخبز. العشوائية القطاعات تصميم استخدام تم مكررات. بثالثة المنشقة األلواح بترتيب الكاملة أصناف احتلت الخبز حنطة بحوث (رشيد، 00 و بحوث 12) االلواح معامالت احتلت بينما الرئيسية بمستخلص التنقيع المورينك أوراق ا االلواح الثانوية ثالث وتضمنت (تراكيز 1 ،% 2 ،% 5 إلى باإلضافة % 2 % ال ماء كمقارنة الخام .) رشيد الصنف تفوق النتائج أشارت في (النبات ارتفاع 122.02 سم)، مساحة العلم ورقة (20.24 سم 0 عدد ،) االشطاء (229.2 م-0 السنبلة طول ،) (13.20 الجاف الوزن سم)، (1022.2 غم-0 والحاصل) البايولوجي (10.25 ه طن ـ-1 .) أن النتائج أظهرت القيم أقل أعطت والتي المقارنة معاملة عن معنوية ً فروقا سجلت المورينكا أوراق مستخلص المعامالت معظم االشطاء عدد باستثناء ، تركيز لمعاملة القيم أعلى وكانت 2 شملت والتي المدروسة الصفات ولجميع % ارتفاع (النبات 125.11 (العلم ورقة مساحة سم)، 29.09 سم 0 (السنبلة طول ،) 15.02 الجاف الوزن سم)، (1002.2 غم م-0 والحاصل) البايولوجي (10.02 هـ طن-1 .) في معنويا كان العاملين لكال التداخل تأثير االشطاء. عدد باستثناء المدروسة الصفات معظم
The Effect of Varying Concentrations and Soaking Time of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Extract on the Bioavailability of Nutritional Content and Antioxidant Response of Breadfruit Flour (Artocarpus Communis) as Raw Material for Making MP-ASI Biscuits. The first 2 years are characterized by very rapid physical and social development and growth which is influenced by food and nutritional intake. The aim is to analyze the effect of variations in concentration and soaking time of Moringa leaf extract on the bioavailability of nutritional content in making MP-ASI biscuits. The research used a multi-factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Factor x variation of Moringa leaf extract concentration 0%; 10%; 20% and 30% and the y factor is the soaking time for 6 hours; 12 hours and 18 hours, each treatment was repeated 3 times. Data Analysis Using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). significant differences in treatment in DMRT analysis. The research results show that the treatment with a concentration of Moringa leaf extract of 30% with a soaking time of 18 hours because the average shows an increase in the antioxidant response and good nutritional content, the antioxidant response is 77.51 ppm (strong), vitamin A 356.08 μg/100, iron (Fe) 9.03 mgFe/ 100. For protein, carbohydrates, fat, water and ash, the best results were obtained from a combination treatment of 30% Moringa leaf extract with a soaking time of 6 hours, namely, 10.13% protein, 41.43% carbohydrates, 8.71% fat, 4.95% water and 1.64% ash. There is an influence of variations in concentration and soaking time on the response of antioxidants, protein, carbohydrates, fat, in MP-ASI biscuits as shown by the ρ value 0.000 < α 0.05.
Moringa oleifera Lam. tree is considered a miracle tree due to its nutrientrich profile. This plant has been widely cultivated throughout the world for its medicinal and nutritional benefits. Moringa plant contains a significant amount of various phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and phenolics that are responsible for their various medicinal, nutritional, and other applications. The use of moringa in pharmacological drugs not only increases cultivation but also increases the over-exploitation of this tree. As the conventional methods of moringa reproduction are not much effective, we require additional alternative strategies to multiply moringa plants. Micro-propagation is considered an effective method to produce a large number of transplants within a short time period. This chapter explores the micro-propagation approaches of M. oleifera together with its nutritional profile and biological activities.
Keywords: Antioxidants, Antidiabetic, Anticancer, Bioactive compounds, Flavonoids, In vitro propagation, Moringa oleifera, Micro-propagation, Miracle tree, Pharmacological activities.
The comparative effects of ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera and Boo-Sta Plus on the red blood cell indices and body weight of Wistar albino rats were investigated. Fortification of food is not just trending in the human diet but also in the animal diet. Boo-Sta Plus have been employed in dietary fortification to achieve better results in meat quality, protein mass and weight gain, however, these artificial fortification causes antibiotic resistance and may have other negative health implications. Focus is now being directed on plant-based alternatives such as Moringa oliefera to curb these negative effects. Fresh leaves of Moringa oleifera were washed, oven dried and ground. Twenty (20) Wistar rats weighing (150-170 g) were divided into four groups containing five rats in each group (A, B, C and D). Rats in group A (control) received normal rat chow feed and water. Group B was fed 200 mg/kg body weight Moringa extract (low dose), Group C received 400 mg/kg body weight (high dose) and Group D received Boo Sta-Plus. All the experimental groups received their respective treatment in addition to feeding and water. Weekly body weight was recorded during the duration of 21 days of administration of leaf extract. At the end of 21 days of treatment, blood samples were obtained through cardiac puncture and analysed for haematological indices. The results show that Moringa oleifera leaf extract (low dose) and Boo-Sta Plus caused a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the RBC, Hb, PCV, whereas a high dose of the leaf extract caused a decrease in the red blood cell indices when compared with the control. The administration of extract caused weight increase at a high dose comparatively to the Boo-Sta Plus and control. It is therefore concluded that ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera has positive effects on blood parameters and body weight and could serve as a substitute for Boo-Sta Plus thereby curbing the adverse health implications of artificial boosters.
Recently it has been recognized that herbal plants contain endogenous molecules with biostimulant properties, capable of inducing morphological and biochemical changes in crop plants. Therefore, the present experiment was conducted to screen herbal samples for their plant growth promoting properties. Twenty-five herbal extracts were tested for their biostimulating activity on wheat crop (Triticum aestivum) through seed priming. Morphological parameters chosen for evaluation include: percent seed germination, length and weight of seedling, wheat grass length and biomass. Biochemical parameters include: total phenolic and flavonoid, enzymatic activity of catalase and phenylalanine ammonium lyase and antioxidant activity. Results indicated an increase in the tested parameters by the extracts, however the biostimulant property varied between the selected herbal samples. Some of the samples, such as Phyllanthus emblica, Plumbago zeylanica, Catharanthus roseus and Baccopa monnieri, were highly effective in inducing plant growth promoting parameters. Principal component analysis was performed and herbal samples were grouped into categories based on their activity.
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