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Evaluation of antibacterial activity of Bougainvillea glabra 'snow white' and Bougainvillea glabra 'choicy'
... This complex issue alerts us to the need to define the pharmacological properties of a plant material in time and space. Even though there are a number of antibacterial studies of Bougainvillea glabra [7,8], Eucalyptus globulus [9][10][11], Gnaphalium sp. [12,13], and propolis [5,14], each one was based on only one methodology. ...
... The genus Bougainvillae comprises 18 species, and some of them have been used in traditional medicine to treat such disorders as diarrhea, stomach acidity, cough, sore throat, leucorrohea, hepatitis, and as an anti-inflammatory, antiviral and antibacterial agent [7,8]. Leaves and inflorescence of Bougainvillaea glabra C. have been used in Mexican traditional medicine as a remedy for such respiratory illnesses as cough, cold, bronchitis and asthma [18,19]. ...
... Its antimicrobial effect can be associated with the presence of betalains pigments [20], as well as steroidal compounds with anti-inflammatory activity [21]. Gupta et al. (2009) found that a 500 g/disc hydroalcoholic extract from leaves of B. glabra was active against S. aureus (10 mm), B. subtilis (15 mm), E. coli (12 mm), S. typhi (14 mm), and K. pneumoniae (16 mm). These results confirmed the level of activity reported in the present study against S. aureus (13 mm), E. coli (8 mm), and S. typhi (8 mm). ...
Bougainvillea glabra C., Eucalyptus globules Labill., and Gnaphalium attenuatum DC., as well as propolis, have been used in Mexican traditional medicine as a remedy to treat respiratory illnesses. There are few biological reports of such material collected in Mexico, despite the high demand for them as raw material for popular and industrial uses. The antibacterial activity of the plants and propolis studied here were evaluated against a panel of bacteria using three different methodologies: agar disc diffusion, macro and micro dilution methods. E. globules and G. attenuatum extracts showed the strongest active values (P > 0.05) in the agar disc diffusion method with a range of 8 - 22 mm inhibition zone, MIC values ranging from 25 - 250g/mL, and MBC values of 25 - 500g/mL obtained by macro and micro dilution methods. B. glabra extracts were active against E. coli, S. typhi, K. pneumoniae, S. aureus and S. agalactiae, with 8 - 13 mm inhibition zone, MICs ranging from 500 - 3000g/mL, and MBCs of 1000 - 3000g/mL. The propolis extract turned out to be active against E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. aureus and S. agalactiae, with values of 7 - 12 mm, MICs of 1000 - 2000g/mL, and MBCs of 2000 - 2500g/mL. E. globules and G. attenuatum extracts were the most active in the three methodologies assayed. This is also the first time that the antibacterial activity of G. attenuatum has been experimentally demonstrated. The microdilution method showed to be more sensitive, less expensive and minor time-consuming technique compared with the other two.
... Bougainvillea spectabilis, B. glabra and B. peruviana are the three most important horticultural species and the most studied. There are around more than 100 cultivars and hybrids that have not been studied (Gupta et al., 2009;He et al., 2020;El-Sayed et al., 2021). ...
... In Thailand flowers are included in the daily diet to cure stomachache, and nausea (Kaisoon et al., 2012). In Mandsaur, India, bougainvillea helps reduce heartburn, treat sore throat, leucorrhea, blood vessels and hepatitis (Edwin et al., 2007;Gupta et al., 2009). To improve intestinal disorders extracts of B. glabra are used in Africa . ...
The Bougainvillea glabra or bougainvillea is a climbing plant native from South America belonging to the Nyctaginaceae family. The bougainvillea is recognized worldwide for its horticultural importance, due to the color of its bracts, commonly known as “flowers,” made up of bracts, which are the striking parts, and the true flowers, which are white and small. Bougainvillea is widely known in traditional medicine to treat respiratory diseases such as cough, asthma, and bronchitis, gastrointestinal diseases, also for its antibacterial and insecticidal capacity. The antimicrobial potential of the involucre of this plant has not been studied, despite research showing a high phytochemical presence of secondary metabolites such as alkanes, phenols, terpenes, and betalains. This review compiles information about the traditional uses of B. glabra, its botanical description, ecological relevance, phytochemistry, antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity, such as the toxicology of bracts and flowers.
... It will help to cure many diseases caused by microorganisms. Reservoirs of effective chemotherapeutics are present in many plants which can be a atural antibiotics (Gupta et al., 2009). Synthetic pharmaceutical products have limitations which opened avenues for 'Green Medicine' that is considered to be Chemistry, GC University, Faisalabad, 38030, Pakistan. ...
... Bougainvillea is a popular ornamental plant in warm climates including Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, region, the Caribbean, Central America Emirates and the southern mainland, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bougainvillea antibacterial activity in various 80% of the population still relies on the herbal medicines, for there health care estimated by the World Health Organization (Gupta et al., 2009). Research studies on herbal medicine is significantly required to identify and quantify the potential, to promote the use of ., 2011). ...
Present study was conducted to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial activity of variegata Methanolic and Ethanolic extract of these plant leaves were t negative bacterial strains by observing the zone of inhibition. diffusion method at a concentration of 500 µg/disc of the extract, using Ampicillin (Amp), Tetracycline (TE), Neomy Erythromycin (E) as the standard Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginos subtillis and Listeria monocytogenes. against Gram positive and negative bacteria. Extracts were not effective against faecalis Copyright © 2015 Qaiser Zaman. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Att distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
... It will help to cure many diseases caused by microorganisms. Reservoirs of effective chemotherapeutics are present in many plants which can be a atural antibiotics ( Gupta et al., 2009). Synthetic pharmaceutical products have limitations which opened avenues for 'Green Medicine' that is considered to be Chemistry, GC University, Faisalabad, 38030, Pakistan. ...
... Bougainvillea is a popular ornamental plant in warm climates including Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, region, the Caribbean, Central America Emirates and the southern mainland, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bougainvillea antibacterial activity in various 80% of the population still relies on the herbal medicines, for there health care estimated by the World Health Organization ( Gupta et al., 2009). Vol. 7, Issue, 09, pp.20504-20509, September, 2015 INTERNATIONAL Zia and Mohammad Zuber, 2015. ...
Present study was conducted to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial activity of Bougainvillea variegata leaves extract with Bougainvillea spectabillis leaves extract. Antibacterial activity of Methanolic and Ethanolic extract of these plant leaves were tested against Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial strains by observing the zone of inhibition. Antibacterial activity was done by disc diffusion method at a concentration of 500 μg/disc of the extract, using Ampicillin (Amp), Tetracycline (TE), Neomycin (N), Gentamycin (CN), Chloramphenicol (C), Ciprofloxacin (CIP), Erythromycin (E) as the standard. The bacterial strains used in the study were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtillis and Listeria monocytogenes. Both Methanolic and Ethanolic extracts have shown activity against Gram positive and negative bacteria. Extracts were not effective against Enterococcus faecalis.
... The presence and absence of these phytochemicals indicates the effectiveness of antimicrobial activity. Proteins, carbohydrates and amino acids were present in both ethanolic and methanolic extracts in accordance with results obtained by Umamaheswari et al [26] and Gupta et al [30] . Umamaheswari et al [26] carried out phytochemical analysis of B. spectabilis leaves in ethanolic, methanolic, ethyl acetate, diethyl ether, chloroform and aqueous extract. ...
... The observations of no antimicrobial on Vibro cholera and Klebsilla pneumoniae were in accordance with the results of Umamaheswari et al [26] . Gupta et al [30,34] used hydroalcoholic extracts of B. glabra 'snow white' and B. glabra 'choicy' against various Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. They found that B. glabra 'choicy' inhibited all Gram negative and Gram positive, except Proteus vulgaris. ...
AimTo study the qualitative analysis of phytochemicals and antibacterial activity of the ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Bougainvillea spectabilis and Bougainvillea variegata leaves.Methods
Phytochemical constituents were determined qualitatively by the Harborne method, while antimicrobial activities were determined by measuring the zone of inhibition on Mueller Hinton Agar.ResultsThe maximum inhibitory effects were obtained against the Gram positive microbe Staphylococcus aureus for the methanolic extracts of both B. spectabilis [(28.54 ± 0.18) mm] and B. variegata [(21.97 ± 0.06) mm]. The Gram negative microbes Proteus vulgaris [(16.00 ± 0.15) mm] and Serratia marcescens [(16.00 ± 0.06) mm] gave maximum inhibitory effects for the ethanolic extracts of B. variegata, while Salmonella typhimurium [(17.26 ± 0.12) mm] gave a maximum zone of inhibition for the methanolic extract of B. spectabilis. No inhibitory effects were observed for the extracts of B. spectabilis or B. variegate against Enterococcus faecalis, Vibro cholera or Klebsiella pneumoniae.Conclusion
Both B. spectabilis and B. variegata possess significant antimicrobial activity that, following additional studies, could replace commercially known antibiotics.
... La buganvilia contiene antioxidantes y compuestos antibacterianos (Gupta et al., 2009). La actividad antitusiva fue evaluada en ratones y se determinó que la eficiencia antitusiva fue mejor usando Buganvilia color naranja (Jaramillo-Jaramillo et al., 2023). ...
l Jardín Etnobiológico de Quintana Roo es un tesoro viviente que encapsula la rica biodiversidad y el profundo conocimiento tradicional de la región. Este libro, Flora del Jardín Etnobiológico de Quintana Roo: etnobotánica y registro palinológico, es una ventana a la intersección entre la ciencia y la cultura, donde cada planta tiene una historia de uso ancestral. En esta obra, se exploran diecinueve especies seleccionadas para describir aspectos etnobotánicos que permitan entender cómo las comunidades locales han utilizado y manejado estas especies a lo largo de generaciones. A través de detalladas ilustraciones de partes de las plantas, muestras de herbario y registros palinológicos, se ofrece una identidad de la vegetación de Quintana Roo.
... This exploration of Bougainvillea's phenolic world not only expands our understanding of these plants' chemical makeup but also opens doors to potential benefits these compounds might offer [17]. ...
This review dives into the fascinating world of Bougainvillea, exploring its chemical makeup and potential health benefits. While research encompasses 18 species, most studies (phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological) have focused on just four species and their cultivars, along with one hybrid. Interestingly, some Bougainvillea species already have a history of use in traditional medicine. Scientific investigations have confirmed the presence of diverse chemical compounds within Bougainvillea, including aliphatic hydrocarbons, fatty acids, volatile oils, phenolics, flavonoids, and terpenes. These studies suggest that not only the extracts but also isolated active components from Bougainvillea exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities. This exciting potential pave the way for further exploration of Bougainvillea as a source of valuable therapeutic compounds. To unlock the full potential of Bougainvillea, future research should delve deeper into the phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological properties of all species, cultivars, and hybrids. Understanding mechanisms of action, safety, and efficacy is crucial for responsible development of any potential medications derived from this beautiful and promising genus.
... hepatitis. They also possess anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antibacterial properties [27,28] and are 91 ...
Mosquitoes, one of the deadliest animals on the planet, cause millions of fatalities each year by transmitting several human illnesses. Phytochemicals are possible biological agents for controlling pests that are harmful to both human and animal health as well as crops. Plants contain a wide range of potential phytochemicals that are target-specific, rapidly biodegradable, and eco-friendly. The potential of leaf extracts of Bougainvillea glabra, Delonix regia, Lantana camara , and Platycladus orientalis against Culex pipiens and microbial agents was evaluated. Acetone extracts had more toxic effects against Cx. pipiens larvae (99.0–100%, 72 h post-treatment), and the LC 50 values were 142.8, 189.5, 95.4, and 71.1 for B. glabra, D. regia, L. camara , and P. orientalis , respectively. Plant extracts tested in this study showed high insecticidal and antimicrobial potential. L. camara acetone extract inhibited all the tested microbial isolates. D. regia showed higher antioxidant activity than other plant extracts in scavenging free radicals. GC-MS results showed the acetone extract had a higher number of chemical classes, with more terpene compounds. HPLC analysis showed the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds in L. camara and P. orientalis acetone extracts, and Sylimarine and Rutin were the most abundant. ADME analysis of elemene, caryophyllene oxide, caryophyllene, and copaene showed drug-likeness and revealed better gastrointestinal absorption and permeation of the blood-brain barrier by all the tested phytochemicals. Our results confirm that the diversity of phytochemicals found in ornamental plants has promising larvicidal activity and is a safe and effective alternative to chemical insecticides and biotechnology.
... B. glabra powder has a fragrant odor and is light green in hue. The powder had glandular trichomes, calcium oxalate needle-shaped crystals, starch grains, and thick-walled collenchyma cells, according to microscopic examination (Gupta, George, Joseph, Singhal, & Singh, 2009). ...
The anatomical variations of two plants from the Nyctaginaceae family, Bougainvillea spectabilis and Bougainvillea glabra, were studied using light and scanning electron microscopy methods in this work. Bougainvillea is a dicotyledonous with defensive traits that can withstand extreme (hot and dry) settings; according to the findings, crystal inclusions in cells, woody spines, and an abnormal development pattern are all features that help them survive against predators and are unique to this species. The Bougainvillea plant's leaves are arranged in simple pattern, alternate to each other along stem having an undulate leaves edge and an oval form. The xylem and phloem, palisade, parenchyma midrib, spongy mesophyll, raphide crystal bundles, and trichomes were all visible when bracts and leaves were transversally sectioned and dyed with toluidine blue O (TBO). The presence of crystals was confirmed by a detailed examination of the transverse leaves by using bright‐field and cross‐polarizing microscopy. Dissecting microscopic examination showed that all the leaves revealed leaves venation pattern that had midvein, lateral veins areoles, and trichomes. Although trichomes have been identified on both sides, a closer look at a cleaned leaf dyed with TBO showed multicellular abundant trichomes on adaxial surface. Stomata complexes were typically found on the abaxial surface of the leaf according to epidermal peels. Present studies also showed that on adaxial side, stomata were lesser in number or were absent and also showed that the morphologies of the pavement cells on the adaxial and abaxial sides of the leaf differed. Morphology of Bougainvillea glabra (Hook) and Bougainvillea spectabilis Wild.
... Disc diffusion method was employed using ofloxacin as control (5 μg/disc), and the extracts were tested at a concentration of 500 μg/disc. Bacillus subtilis and Micrococcus leuteus were not found sensitive to B. glabra 'snow white' while, Proteus vulgaris was resistant to B. glabra 'choicy' (Gupta et al., 2009a). A different study also reported the significant antibacterial potential (well-diffusion method using ampicillin as standard) of isolated betacyanins from the bracts of B. glabra against Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and E. coli. ...
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Bougainvillea glabra (Choisy). (Family: Nyctinaginacea)
is a valuable ornamental plant with culinary uses and also utilized in traditional medicine for
treating common ailments. It is traditionally employed in treatingagainst several diseases
such as diarrhoea, hypotensionertension, intestinal disorders, stomachache, nausea,
inflammation-related ailmentscases, and as ain pain managementreliever. Though widely
validated via in vitro and in vivo models, to date no endeavour has been made to compile in a
single review the traditional, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of B. glabra.
Aims: To provide an up-to-date, authoritative review with respect to the traditional uses,
chemical composition, in vitro and in vivo pharmacological properties, and toxicological
estimations accomplished either utilizing the crude extracts or, wherever applicable, the
bioactive compounds isolated from B. glabra. Besides, a critical evaluation of the published
literature has been undertaken with regards to the current biochemical and toxicological data.
Materials and methods: Key databases per se, Ovid, Pubmed, Science Direct, Scopus, and
Google scholar amongst others were probed for a systematic search using keywords to
retrieve relevant publications on this plant. A total of 52 articles were included for the review
depending on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
(PRISMA) guidelines.
Results: The studies conducted on either crude extracts, solvent fractions or isolated pure
compounds from B. glabra had reported a varied range of biological effects comprising
antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetic, cytotoxic, analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and
antioxidant activities. Phytochemical analysis of different parts of B. glabra unveiled 105
phytochemicals, belonging to phenolic, flavonoid, betacyanin, terpenoid, glycoside and
essential oils classes of secondary metabolites.
Conclusion: Most of the pharmacological activities of crude extracts from this plant have
been reported. A very few studies have reported the isolation of compounds responsible for
observed biological potential of this plant. Moreover, the toxicity studies of this plant still
need to be explored comprehensively to ensure its safety parameters. Additional
investigations are recommended to transmute the ethnopharmacological claims of this plant species in folklore medicines into scientific rationale-based information.
... The preliminary results of this investigation indicates that Bougainvillea glabra 'Choicy' and Bougainvillea glabra 'Snow White' leaves have good potential of antimicrobial activity 24 . ...
... The methanol extract of Bougainvillea glabra was found to have significant thrombolytic [6] and antihyperlipidemic activities [10]. Gupta [11] found that hydroalcoholic extract from leaves of Bougainvillea glabra was active against some pathogenic microorganisms. materials were powdered using pulverizer and sieved up to 40 meshes. ...
Objective: The objective of the current study was to identify, authenticate and prevent the adulteration of the plant Bougainvillea glabra. The following physicochemical parameters such as standardization, extraction and preliminary phytochemical screening helped in correct identification of the plant Bougainvillea glabra.Methods: Standardization includes the estimation of physicochemical parameters such as loss on drying, determination of pH range, determination of total ash, determination of water soluble ash, determination of acid insoluble ash, determination of sulfated ash and determination of hot water and ethanol-extractable matter. Preliminary phytochemical screening and TLC studies for all the extracts like chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol were carried out by standard methods.Results: Results of loss on drying and the total ash value were found to be 8.1+0.24 and 6.26±0.05 respectively. The result for water soluble ash was found to be 1.34+0.04. The results for acid insoluble ash and sulfated ash were found to be 1.35±0.03 and 1.10±0.07, respectively. The values for water soluble and ethanol soluble extractive parameters were found to be 23.45±1.13 and 12.32±0.41 respectively Preliminary phytochemical screening for all the extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, -glycosides and steroids in Bougainvillea glabra. Major constituents like alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and glycosides were present in methanol extract. Alkaloids and flavonoids were also found in chloroform extract. The thin layer chromatography analysis of Bougainvillea glabra chloroform extract showed the presence of steroids with Rf values of 0.66 and 0.34 in benzene: ethyl acetate (85:15), chloroform: methanol (8:2) solvent systems correspondingly. The TLC analysis of ethyl acetate extract showed the presence of flavonoids with Rf values of 0.66 and 0.75 in toluene: dioxin: acetic acid (78:14:5) chloroform: acetone: formic acid (64:12.3:3.2) solvent systems, correspondingly.Conclusion: The results of standardization parameters ensure quality and purity of the plant material Bougainvillea glabra. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of various phytoconstituents like flavonoids, alkaloids and glycosides. TLC studies indicated the ash value, pH determination and solubility parameters. The data obtained from the present study provide useful data which will helpful in identification and doing research work in future.
... Using a sterile cork borer, mycelial growth was scooped as discs (approx 10 mm) and placed on fresh Sabourauds agar medium pre-coated with 100µl of plant extract [17]. The extent of mycelial growth and sporulation was recorded in control and plates pre-treated with plant extract and fluconazole [20]. ...
The present study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial and anticancer activity of ethanolic extracts of Bougainvillea shubhra and
Bougainvillea peruviana. The ethanolic extracts of both the plants showed antimicrobial activity against gram positive bacteria, gram
negative bacteria and yeast. The antifungal activity of the extracts was measured as extent of mycelial growth and sporulation. By
96 h of incubation, the mycelial growth in control plates showed 3.8 fold increase and extensive sporulation whereas in plates precoated with ethanolic extracts of B. shubhra and B. peruviana, the fold increase in mycelial growth was 2.9 and 2.7 fold respectively
with restricted mycelial sporulation. To study the anticancer activity of ethanolic extracts, Hela cells were treated with 20, 60 and
100 μg/ml of extracts. No inhibitory effects of the extracts were evident till 24 h incubation. After 48 h of treatment, 20 and 60 μg/
ml of extracts showed no distinct changes in cells morphology, however at 100 μg/ml dose the cell number diminished, morphology
was significantly altered and few floating (non-adherent) cells suggesting apoptotic cell population was observed. The cell viability
measured by trypan blue exclusion method showed considerable decrease in viable cells at 100 μg/ml concentration of extracts.
MTT assay showed a dose dependent inhibition of proliferation of the Hela cells. At 100 µg/ml concentration, the ethanolic extracts
of B. shubra and B. peruviana showed 65% and 54% of growth inhibition respectively. These results suggest that both B. shubra and
B. peruviana posses anticancer activity
... Ekstrak tanaman Bougenvillea glabra dilaporkan memiliki aktivitas anti inflamasi, anti hiperglikemik, dan bersifat insektisidal (5).Senyawa bioaktif ekstrak daun dan bunga Bougenvillea glabra dilaporkan memiliki aktivitas anti bakteri (6)(7)(8). Penelitian mengenai kandungan senyawa bioaktif ekstrak daun dan bunga Bougenvillea glabra sebagai anti bakteri belum pernah dilakukan di Indonesia, oleh karena itu penelitian yang akan dilakukan ini sangat bermanfaat untuk memperoleh informasi kandungan senyawa bioaktif dari ekstrak daun dan bunga Bougenvillea glabra serta potensinya sebagai anti bakteri. ...
High incidence of antibiotics resistant bacteria spurred researchers to obtain alternative antibacterial compounds. One source of potential antibacterial compounds i.e plants. Bougainvillea (Bougenvillea glabra) has been believed by the people of Indonesia to have medicinal properties, but its potential as an antibacterial has never been studied in Indonesia. The aims of this study were to determine the bioactive compounds ethanol extract of leaves and flowers of B. glabra as well as the minimum concentration of extract capable of inhibiting and killing bacteria growth. Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) was done used microdilution method and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) agar plate method. Ethanol extract of leaves and flowers of B. glabra possess antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria; Bacillus sp., S. aureus, Salmonella sp., E. coli, P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae. Salmonella, Bacillus sp., and S. aureus growth is most vulnerable (p<0.05). The antibacterial activity of leaf and flower extracts was not significantly different (p>0.05) against all test bacteria. Antibacterial potency of leaves and flowers B. glabra suspected of flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids and alkaloids
... Traditionally, the leaves of Bougainvillea glabra Choisy were used to treat disorders such as diarrhea, stomach acidity, cough, bronchitis, asthma, sore throat and hepatitis [11]. B. glabra leaves reportedly possess several pharmacological antibacterial [12], anti-hyperglycemic [13], antifungal [14], analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities [15]. In addition, leaves of B. glabra contain valuable natural antioxidants with neuroprotective effects such as phytol, tocopherol, squalene, geranylgeraniol, stigmasterol, quercetin and phenolic acids [16][17][18][19][20][21]. ...
Extracts from the leaves of Bougainvillea glabra Choisy are used in traditional medicines, but their actions on the central nervous system have not been studied. In the present study, we investigated the potential neuroprotective effects of Bougainvillea glabra Choisy leaf extract (BG extract) against paraquat (PQ)-induced neurotoxicity. Male adult wild-type flies (1- 4days old) were exposed to PQ (3.5mM) and/or BG extract (120μg/mL) through food for 4days. PQ-fed flies had decreased locomotor capacity in negative geotaxis and crossing number assays and had a higher incidence of mortality than the control group. PQ neurotoxicity was also associated with a marked decrease in dopamine levels and increase in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lipid peroxidation. Co-exposure to BG extract prevented mortality, and dopamine depletion, improved locomotor performance and decreased AChE activity, ROS production and lipid peroxidation. GC-MS and HPLC analyses of BG extract revealed the presence of many antioxidant compounds such as phytol, α,γ-tocopherol, squalene, stigmasterol, geranylgeraniol, quercetin, and caffeic, vanillic, coumaric, ferulic acids. Our results showed neuroprotective effects of BG extract, reflecting the presence of antioxidant compounds. Thus, we suggested that B. glabra leaves could be considered an effective agent in the prevention of neurological disorders, where dopamine depletion and/or oxidative stress are involved, as in Parkinson's disease (PD).
... Its antimicrobial effect can be associated with the presence of betalains pigments 14 , as well as steroidal compounds with anti-inflammatory activity 15 . Gupta (2009) 4 found that a 500 g/disc hydro alcoholic extract from leaves of B. glabra was active against some pathogenic microorganisms. ...
The significance of phytochemicals in chemotherapy is well known. However, most of these are used for systemic applications. There is an equally important need to search affordable source of such phytochemicals which can be used topically as disinfectants primarily as first aid dressing, prior to being treated by registered medical practitioners. This study aims to find one such disinfectant from the leaf extracts of a very common plant like Bougainvillea spectabilis which can be used as an ethanolic extract (tincture). It has been observed to retard the growth of a common gram negative organism like E.coli and a gram positive organism like M. aureus, giving enough time for the patients to be shifted for treatment by appropriate medicines.
... Muller-Hinton agar was poured in to petridishes and after solidification 0.5 ml of test strains were inoculated in the media separately by using sterile cotton swab. Appropriate care was taken to ensure proper homogenization [20][21][22][23]. ...
Over the last few years researchers from all over the world have aimed at identifying and isolating plant derived substances for the treatment of various diseases. The synthetic products of the modern medicine surpassed the importance of medicinal plants for a while and moreover they are toxic and possess various side effects. Now people turning back to the natural drugs of plant origin with the hope of safety and efficacy. In the present work betacyanins were isolated from the bracts of Bougainvillea glabra by using flash chromatography and the isolated betacyanins were characterized by FT-IR, Mass Specrtoscopy. Betacyacins were screened for their in-vitro antioxidant activity by DPPH radical scavenging assay using ascorbic as standard and antibacterial studies were also carried out by well-diffusion method using ampicillin as standard. Results obtained showed that betacyanins posess good radical scavenging activity with 75.92 percent inhibition at 100 µg/ml of sample concentration. In-vitro antibacterial studies showed that betacyanins possess better antibacterial efficacy against Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeroginosa.
... Los médicos tradicionales de Mandsaur (India) utilizan las hojas las emplean como tratamiento para diversos trastornos como antidiarreico y para reducir la acidez de estómago (Gupta et al., 2009). También se ha detectado que la actividad antidiarreica está asociada a la actividad antimicrobiana (Edwin et al., 2007). ...
Las plantas medicinales del Miquihuana Tamaulipas estan repartidas en 30 familias, 56 géneros y 57 especies de plantas vasculares silvestres y cultuvdas. Se clasifican por su forma de crecimiento, procedencia, partes usadas y usos.
In response to the challenge posed by antimicrobial resistance and the demand for innovative anticancer drugs, the aim of this study was to examine the potential source of natural antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer compounds from purple flowers of Bougainvillea glabra. The dried purple flower of B. glabra was sequentially extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water. The extracts were used for investigating antioxidants, antimicrobial activity, anticancer properties, and phytochemical composition. The methanol extraction exhibited the highest total phenolic content and in vitro antioxidant activity. The hexane and ethyl acetate extracts exhibited antimicrobial activity against a broad range of microorganisms in both American type of culture collection (ATCC) and clinical strains, while the methanol extract displayed a narrower antimicrobial profile that implied the promise of B. glabra as a developmental reservoir of specific antimicrobial agents. Notably, the hexane extract demonstrated the most promising anticancer activity against various cancer cell lines, including lung cancer (A549), colon cancer (HT-29), breast cancer (MCF-7), and bile duct cancer (KKU-213A). In conclusion, this study reveals the pharmaceutical potential of crude extracts from B. glabra flowers; thereby, paving the way for future exploration of these compounds within the drug development industry.
Neolamarckia cadamba is a commonly found tree in India and is known for its large green leaves and ball shaped flowers and fruits. Also tree is culturally and economically important plant of India and is traditionally used for preparation of herbal medicines because of its various pharmacological properties. Although bark and leaves are mostly utilized whereas fruits are somewhat lagging behind in terms of its medicinal usages. This present study deals with the antibacterial properties of Neolamarckia cadamba (ripe and unripe) fruits. Six different solvent extracts which includes acetone, benzene, water, DMSO, ethanol and methanol (mg/ml) were prepared for the screening of antibacterial properties of Neolamarckia cadamba fruits against gram negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and gram positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis. It was observed that zone of inhibition was highest in ethanolic extract (14 mm) of ripe fruit against the Bacillus subtilis. Zone of inhibition was found lowest in acetonic extract (5 mm) of ripe fruits whereas no zone of inhibition was found in benzene and ethanolic extract of unripe fruits. Out of both fruits, ripe was found to be most effective against both strains whereas out of six solvents ethanolic and methanolic extracts were found to be most effective.
Objective: The aim of the study is to investigate the Phytochemical, Pharmacognostical, Fluorescence analysis and heavy metal testing of the plant Bougainvillea spectabilis (WILLD.). Methods: The plant powder was extracted with different solvents such as petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water. The different extracts were tested qualitatively for the identification of various phytochemical constituents. The plant powder was subjected to fluorescence analysis in daylight and in ultraviolet-light (254 nm and 365 nm) and heavy metal testing. Results: Water soluble extractive value was found to be higher than ethanol, Ethyl acetate, chloroform and petroleum ether. The total ash values were found to be higher followed by water soluble ash and acid insoluble ash. From the phytochemical screening result showed the presence of various phytochemical constituents such as alkaloid, glycoside, Carbohydrate, Flavonoids, Saponins, Terpenoids, Taninns and phytosterols. Fluorescence analysis of leaf powder of Bougainvillea spectabilis showed characteristic coloration with various chemicals. The presence of heavy metals like cobalt, mercury, nickel, silver and zinc were found negative. Conclusion: Thus the bioactive natural products in leaf extracts of Bougainvillea spectabilis can be used in the development of new pharmaceuticals that enhances therapeutic use.
Objective: Hydroalcoholic and alcoholic extracts of the various parts of Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. (Nyctaginaceae) have been used as a natural therapeutic agent in traditional medicine to treat oxidative damage/ oxidative stress, and inflammation from ancient times. Materials and Methods: Research is principally focused on evaluating the effect of various parts of this plant on its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. In vitro studies were conducted for anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Results: Hydroalcoholic and alcoholic extracts of the various parts of the plants showed scavenging activity against 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical relative to Vitamin C (standard) at P < 0.05, but an excellent activity was observed with flowers as compared with other parts of the plants in hydroalcoholic extract. A remarkable anti-inflammatory activity observed by hydroalcoholic extract (10% w/w) of flowers as compared to leaves, stem, and roots against diclofenac sodium (standard). The present investigation revealed that the hydroalcoholic extracts of the flowers of B. spectabilis Willd. exhibited significant antioxidant activity which is comparable to known standards.
Bougainvillea spectabilis is an ornamental plants that widely distributed in the area of tropical and subtropical. This plant had pharmacological effects such as: anti-inflammatory activity, anti-bacterial, and used as a treatment for itchy. Qualitative phytochemical test of Bougainvillea spectabilis shows that presence of steroid (++++), terpenoid (++), phenolic (++), and saponin (++) compounds. These compounds have some benefit such as: steroid useful as anti-inflammatory, phenolic for anti-bacterial and saponin for anti-microbial. Test of chromatography and microbial activity are not include in this research.
Key words: Bougainvillea spectabilis, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, antimicrobial,
steroid.
This review discusses the current knowledge of the phytochemistry and in vitro and in vivo evaluations carried out using the extracts and, where appropriate, the main active components isolated from the genus Bougainvillea . Out of 18 species, most phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological studies focused on four species with different cultivars and one hybrid. Some plants are used for the treatment of various health disorders. Numerous phytochemical investigations of plants in this genus confirm the presence of aliphatic hydrocarbons, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, volatile compounds, phenolic compounds, peltogynoids, flavonoids, phytosterols, terpenes, carbohydrates, and betalains. Various studies have confirmed that these extracts or active substances that were isolated from the genus Bougainvillea have multiple pharmacological activities. Some species of Bougainvillea have emerged as sources of traditional medicine in human health. More studies of the phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological properties and their mechanisms of action, safety, and efficacy in all Bougainville a species, cultivars, and hybrids are advisable for future research.
Volume 8 is part of a multicompendium Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants, on plants with edible flowers from Geraniaceae to Zingiberaceae (tabular) and 82 species in Geraniaceae, Iridaceae, Lamiaceae, Liliaceae, Limnocharitaceae, Magnoliaceae, Malvaceae, Meliaceae, Myrtaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Nymphaeaceae, Oleaceae, Onagraceae, Orchidaceae, Paeoniaceae, Papaveraceae, Plantaginaceae, Poaceae, Polygonaceae, Primulaceae, Proteaceae, Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae, Rubiaceae, Rutaceae, Solanaceae, Theaceae, Tropaeolaceae, Tyhpaceae, Violaceae, Xanthorrhoeaceae and Zingiberaceae in detail. This work is of significant interest to medical practitioners, pharmacologists, ethnobotanists, horticulturists, food nutritionists, botanists, agriculturists, conservationists and general public. Topics covered include: taxonomy; common/vernacular names; origin/distribution; agroecology; edible plant parts/uses; botany; nutritive/medicinal properties, nonedible uses and selected references.
Ethanolic leaves extract of Alseodaphne semecarpifolia subjected to successive extraction using the solvents like n-hexane, toluene, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol. Prepared various solvents leaves extracts were then subjected to preliminary phytochemical and biochemical studies. It was found that the leaves extract contains steroids, alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, glycosides, essential oils, tannins and saponins etc. The ethanolic extract was selected for the antimicrobial activity against different pathogens of 20 bacteria and 6 fungus and it was determined by using Agar Well diffusion method. Moreover, this extract showed inhibitory effects due to the above mentioned phytochemicals present in the leaves.
The main aim of this study is to determine the antibacterial and antifungal activities of ethanol and hexane extracts of Wedelia chinensis leaf against both pathogenic bacteria and fungi by agar disc diffusion method. Both the extract showed significant antibacterial activities against four gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus luteus) and four gram-negative (Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli) bacteria. The antifungal assay was done against four fungi (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Candida albicans, Alternaria alternata). For all the cases it showed significant result. Thus this plant can be used as phytomedicine to treat the bacterial and fungal diseases.
The plant leaves contain a number of medicinally important compounds. The present study was carried out to identify the phytochemicals present in the Bougainvillea glabra leaves and evaluate antioxidant potential of the extract. Total phenol content was estimated by Folin Ciocalteu method and the phenolic content was 30.00mg/100 of gallic acid equivalent (GE). Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH method and the leaves of Bougainvillea glabra showed 90.66mg/100 of Ascorbic acid Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (AEAC). The GC-MS study also carried out and it showed the presence of phytochemicals like phytol,9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid (z,z,z) (RT:19.11), Squalene (RT:28.71) and Vitamins.
The composition of the essential oil produced from the aerial parts of Bougainvillea spectabilis was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Among the thirty nine compounds constituting 97.2 % of the essential oil, the main components were characterized as methyl salicylate (21.8 %), terpinolene (8.2 %) and α-(E)-ionone (9.8 %).
Bougainvillea glabra, a flowering plant generally used as ornamental plant and seen mostly in areas with warm climate. Apart from its use as ornamental plant, the leaf of B.glabra is reported to have various medicinal values. This current study deals with preliminary phytochemical evaluation and determination of anthelmintic activity of hydro alcoholic leaf extract of Bougainvillea glabra. The study includes preparation of extract by solvent extraction method with soxhlet apparatus using hydro alcohol and petroleum ether as solvents. Then both extracts are evaporated separately at ambient temperature to concentrate it. Preliminary qualitative chemical test done for both extracts show the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrates, anthraquinone, flavanoids, terpenoids, saponins, steroids, proteins, fixed oils, fats and tannins. The in-vitro anthelmintic activity of extracts performed with the Indian earth worm shows better results when compared with Metronidazole as the standard drug.
The present study report the synthesis of the Zn(II) complex with Isonicotinic acid hydrazide and 2-acetylnaphthalene and their characterization using FTIR and Magnetic susceptibility studies. Our studies reveal the presence of different mode of linkages of the ligand with Zn(II). The IR spectra of the ligand imply that the ligand is bidentate with the amide group and azomethine –nitrogen as the two coordination sites was compared. The Zn(II) complex exhibit an identical pattern suggesting them to be isostructural with six coordinated spin free octahedral complex. The complex have been screened for their biological activity against the multidrug resistant bacterial and fungal pathogens. The results of this study show that the Zn (II) complex was effective against fungus than the bacteria.
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