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Paulus HF (1988) Beobachtungen und Experimente zur Pseudokopulation auf Ophrys-Arten Kretas II - mit einer Beschreibung von Ophrys sitiaca Paulus & Alibertis nov.spec. aus dem Ophrys fusca-omegaifera-Formenkreis (Orchidaceae) - Mitt.Bl.Arbeitskr.Heim.Orch.Baden-Württ. 20 (4) 817-882.
... By performing both hand and natural pollination experiments, we could now show that the number of pollen grains deposited on the stigma during a single pollination event increases significantly with the time males spent pseudocopulating. The number of pollen grains deposited on control flowers of O. leochroma was thereby found to be sufficient to fertilize all available ovules (Paulus, 1988;Nazarov & Gerlach, 1997). Although more data are needed, we consider that alterations in the lip form can not only reduce the frequency of successful pollinia removals, but will also affect the number of ovules being fertilized. ...
Many species of the sexually-deceptive genus Ophrys are characterized by insect-like flowers. Their form has been traditionally considered to play an important role in pollinator attraction and manipulation. Yet the evolution of the floral form remains insufficiently understood. We hypothesize that pollinator-mediated selection is essential for driving floral form evolution in Ophrys, but that form components are being subjected to varying selection pressures depending on their role in mediating interactions with pollinators. By using the Eucera pollinated Ophrys leochroma as a model, our aim has been to assess whether and in what manner pollination effectiveness is altered by experimental manipulation of the flower form. Our results show that the floral form plays an essential and, so far, underestimated role in ensuring effective pollination by mechanically guiding pollinators towards the reproductive structures of the flower. Pollinators are significantly less effective in interacting with flowers having forms altered to resemble those of species pollinated by different hymenopteran genera. Further, those components used by pollinators as gripping points were found to be more effective in ensuring pollinia transfer than those with which pollinators do not directly interact. Thus, mechanically-active and -inactive components appear to be under different selection pressures. As a consequence, mechanically-active components of the flower form could reflect adaptations to the interaction with particular pollinator groups, while inactive components can vary more freely. Disentangling selection patterns between the functionally different components of flower form may provide valuable insights into the mechanisms driving the morphological diversification of sexually-deceptive pollination-systems. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
... Versuche in späteren Jahren mit Andrena fuscosa mit Pflanzen aus der Umgebung von Elassona im südlichen Thessalien verliefen ebenfalls stets negativ. (PAULUS 1986(PAULUS , 1988(PAULUS , 1990 Diese Art blüht im Mai und Juni und ist im nördlichen Griechenland weit, aber eher regional verbreitet. Große Vorkommen, mit sehr vielen Individuen sind uns nicht bekannt. ...
Paulus, H.F. & M. Hirth (2017): Pollination biology and systematics of the Ophrys mammosa complex in the eastern Mediterranean region, with new descriptions of Ophrys prespaensis and O. willingii from the Greek mainland. - J. Eur. Orch. 49 (2): 219-312.
We present results from our field studies from the last several years of the Ophrys mammosa species group distributed in the Eastern Mediterranean area. To solve some of the systematic and taxonomical problems we investigated the pollination biology of O. mammosa s.str., O. mammosa subsp. posteria, O. mammosa subsp. mouterdeana, O. doerfleri (falsomammosa) in Greece, Cyprus, Crete and Israel/Libanon, as well near related species like O. morio, O. alasiatica in Cyprus, O. hystera, O. mammosa subsp. parviflora, O. leucophthalma, O. mammosa subsp. ustulata and two new species in Greece. Andrena morio as pollinator: The pollinator of Ophrys mammosa s.str. in Greece is Andrena morio and not Andrena fuscosa as erroneously communicated in earlier time. We have many new observations of pseudocopulations from the region of Mt. Olympos, Attica, Prevezza, and from the islands Paros, Kefalonia, Skyros and Samos. Andrena morio is the pollinator of several variants from sea level up to 1000 m of Ophrys mammosa in Cyprus. Especially Ophrys posteria (e.g. population from the Salt Sea near Larnaca) also belongs to O. mammosa s.str. Andrena fuscosa as pollinator: Andrena fuscosa is the pollinator of the mammosa-form in Crete, which is named O. mammosa subsp. falsomammosa. Some new observations confirmed the former finding. From flower morphology and an own pollinator, the Crete plants belong to a separate species. Its name at the species level is Ophrys doerfleri Fleischmann 1925. Andrena fuscosa as pollinator also acts on the mammosa-like plants in Israel. These plants belong in earlier time to the O. transhyrcana group. Meantime it is classified as a species for its own, Ophrys mouterdeana (O. mammosa subsp. mouterdeana), distributed as the only member of the group in Lebanon, Syria, Jordan and SE-Turkey. However, there is an older name, O. adonidis Camus & Gombault 1951 (in GOMBAULT 1951), which has priority over the name O. mouterdeana after investigation of the holotype. DELFORGE (2016) interprets O. adonidis as a similar species to O. alasiatica from a finding of a single plant in northern Libanon. This plant definitely belongs to O. alasiatica and has nothing to do with O. adonidis. Ophrys doerfleri and O. adonidis both have the same pollinator Andrena fuscosa. As in both species we find similarities in their flower forms, it might be that both forms belong to one common species. The consequence of this is a new taxonomic version: Ophrys doerfleri subsp. doerfleri (Crete) and O. doerfleri subsp. mouterdeana (Middle East). We have evidence for the occurrence of an A. fuscosa-pollinated O. mammosatype in Cyprus, too. However, currently there are too few data available. Further results 1. Ophrys leucophthalma is sometimes difficult to separate from O. mammosa. The original description focused only to the conspicuous whitish flower forms. But there are also varieties with more or less dark flowers. All are pollinated by Andrena albopunctata. 2. A further late flowering Ophrys mammosa type, occurring from middle of May to beginning of June, is described as a new species, Ophrys willingii. Its pollinator is Andrena (Melandrena) pyropygia. 3. The relation of Ophrys mammosa subsp. ustulata (syn. O. chaonica Delforge 2015) described from N-Greece to O. hansreinhardii described from Albania was investigated. From flower morphology and flower size, they are both identical. The pollinator is Andrena (Melandrena) assimilis. 4. Ophrys prespaensis Hirth & Paulus from the area between the two Prespa lakes in North Greece is described as a new species. The pollinator is Andrena (Melandrena) danuvia.
5. It is demonstrated that Ophrys mammosa subsp. parviflora is a part of the size variability of Ophrys epirotica. Even these supposed smaller flowers are pollinated by Andrena labialis. 6. Ophrys morio from Cyprus has as pollinator Andrena (Melandrena) limata and not A. morio as it was formerly published. This error comes from a non-separation between what we call today as O. mammosa and this new described O. morio. 7. Ophrys alasiatica is separated with all its variances from O. morio. Andrena bimaculata could often be confirmed as pollinator. 8. Small and large flowered specimens of Ophrys grammica at Prespa lake localities in North Greece had been tested for pollinators. Andrena nigroaenea pseudocopulated with all sizes.
... Daha sonra türün, Kiklad, Oniki Adalar ve Güney Batı Anadolu'da da yayılış gösterdiği belirlenmiştir (Baumann & Dafni, 1981; Paulus & Gack, 1992; Renz & Taubenheim, 1984; Hirth & Spaeth, 1989; Rückbrodt vd., 1992). Sonraki yıllarda, Güney Akdeniz Bölgesi'nde Ophrys omegaifera ile akraba diğer türler, O. israelitica Baumann & Künkele (Baumann & Künkele, 1988), O. sitiaca H.F. Paulus, Ch.Alibertis & A.Alibertis (Paulus vd., 1988), O. mesaritica Paulus, C.Alibertis & A.Alibertis (Paulus vd., 1990), O. basilissa C. Alibertis, A. Alibertis & H.R.Reinhard (Alibertis vd., 1990) ve O. apollonae Paulus & M. Hirth (Paulus & Hirth, 2009) keşfedilmiştir. Bu türlerden O. israelitica ve O. sitiaca'nın Türkiye'de de yayılış gösterdiği belirlenmiştir (Kreutz, 2000). ...
Ophrys apollonae Paulus & M. Hirth (Orchidaceae) Türkiye için yeni bir tür kaydı olarak bildirilmiştir. Makalede türün kısa betimi ve dağılımı verilmiştir.
Rakosy, D., Paulus, H.F. & M. Hirth (2020): Ophrys dimidiata, a hitherto
undescribed species of the Ophrys tenthredinifera complex in Crete
(Orchidaceae).- J. Eur. Orch. 52 (1): 207-226.
According to current knowledge there are three different species within the
Ophrys tenthredinifera complex on the island Crete. DELFORGE (2005) had
described two of them as O. dyctinnae and O. leochroma, whereas he assigned
the third species to the eastern Mediterranean O. villosa. We conducted
pollinator observations and biotests, proving that each taxon is exclusively
pollinated by a different pollinator. Thus, Eucera albofasciata pollinates
O. dyctinnae and Eucera kullenbergi O. leochroma. Whereas, the pollinator of
the third taxon assigned by Delforge as O. villosa is Eucera dimidiata.
However, the eastern Mediterranean O. villosa like O. tenthredinifera s.str. in
the western Mediterranean area is pollinated by Eucera nigrilabris. Therefore
and because of its disjunct distribution and sligtly different morphology,
O. villosa has to be classified as a geographical subspecies of the nominate
species, O. tenthredinifera subsp. villosa. The Cretan species within the
Ophrys tenthredinifera complex which Delforge assigned to O. villosa is a
hitherto undescribed species, which we describe as Ophrys dimidiata. The
name is derived from its pollinator Eucera dimidiata. This green-eyed longhorned
bee is common in North Africa, the Near East, and Cyprus and has its
only European occurrence on the island of Crete. Ophrys dimidiata is endemic
to Crete, whereas O. tenthredinifera subsp. villosa and its pollinator bee
Eucera nigrilabris are lacking on this island. The description of O. dimidiata
Autorenexemplar - copyright by AHO Baden-Württemberg
208 Journal Europäischer Orchideen 52 (1): 2020.
as a separate species and classification of O. villosa as a subspecies of
O. tenthredinifera are further supported by chemical and morphological data.
Rakosy, D., Paulus, H.F. & M. Hirth (2020): Ophrys dimidiata, a hitherto undescribed species of the Ophrys tenthredinifera complex in Crete (Orchidaceae).- J. Eur. Orch. 54 (1): 207-226.
According to current knowledge there are three different species within the Ophrys tenthredinifera complex in Crete. DELFORGE (2005) had described two of them as O. dyctinnae and O. leochroma, whereas he attributed the third species to the Eastern Mediterranean O. villosa. We conducted pollinator observations and biotests, proving that each taxon is exclusively pollinated by a different pollinator. Thus, Eucera albofasciata pollinates O. dyctinnae and Eucera kullenbergi O. leochroma, whereas, the pollinator of the third taxon is Eucera dimidiata. O. villosa is pollinated by Eucera nigrilabris like O. tenthredinifera in the Western Mediterranean area. Therefore, O. villosa belongs to the typical O. tenthredinifera. Its disjunct distribution and sligtly different morphology in the Eastern Mediterranean area suggest it being a geographical subspecies of the nominate species, O. tenthredinifera subsp. villosa. The Cretan O. villosa of Delforge is a further different entity, which we describe as Ophrys dimidiata; the name is coming from the pollinator bee species Eucera dimidiata. This long-horned bee with green eyes is distributed in northern Africa, the Middle East, Cyprus and has its only European occurrence on the island of Crete. Ophrys dimidiata is endemic to Crete, whereas O. tenthredinifera subsp. villosa and its pollinator bee Eucera nigrilabris are lacking on this island. The description of O. dimidiata as a separate species and classification of O. villosa as a subspecies of O. tenthredinifera are further supported by chemical and morphological data.
in order to clarify the names, the original literature was gathered and translated. The text sections were scanned and important passages were underlined in red. From the survey emerge at least three taxa in the section Pseudophrys, subsection Lutea: Ophrys lutea with var. lutea and var. galilaea and Ophrys sicula. The distribution areas overlap between Sardegna and Rhode Island. The epitheton " minor " is eliminated in Ophrys lutea. Ophrys lutea und Ophrys sicula are not separated by phenology. In the overlapping distribution areas hybrids of both species have to be considered.
Bibliographie der in den Mitteilungsblättern des AHO Baden-Württemberg 1969-1993 (Jahrgänge 1-25) erschienen Beiträge Der Arbeitskreis Heimische Orchideen Baden-Württemberg kann auf ein Mitteilungsblatt zurückblicken, das mit dem jetzigen Heft den 25. J ahrgang abschließt. Es erschien uns daher angebracht, eine Bibliographie zu publizieren, um den Überblick über die Fülle der seither erschienen Beiträge zu gewährleisten.
457 vascular plant species (+ 12 infraspecific taxa) are recorded from Gavdos, the southernmost European island, including 297 (+ 11) new records. Matricaria aurea is a new record for the Greek flora; Astragalus epiglottis, Erodium cicutarium subsp. bipinnatum, Lolium subulatum. Valerianella pumila and Vicia saliva subsp. amphicarpa represent new findings, or confirmations, to Kriti or the South Aegean. Bupleurum gaudianum is endemic to Gavdos. Within the Flora Europaea borders of Greece, the following are confined to Gavdos: Arfemisia herba-alba, Callitriche pulchra, Chlamydophora tridentafa and Reseda odorata. The occurrence of several taxa not collected on Gavdos since 1904 is confirmed and comments added for the chorologically significant ones. Gavdos is, phytogeographically, part of the Cardaegean region. There are also strong links to North African Cyrenaica.
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