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A taxonomic study of the genus Syntrichia Brid. (Pottiaceae, Musci) in the Mediterranean Region and Macaronesia
Abstract
A taxonomic revision of the genus Syntrichia Brid. (Pottiaceae, Musci) in the Mediterranean Region and Macaronesia has been carried out, thus contributing to knowledge of its distinguishing morphological characters, geographic distribution and nomenclature. Some 3000 specimens, including the most of type material, were studied. An identification key, morphological descriptions, photographs and numerous observations on taxonomic and nomenclatural problems of the 23 taxa accepted in the study area, are provided. New records for some countries of the Mediterranean basin and Macaronesia are given. Five new synonyms are proposed. The designations of 11 new lectotypes are included and the name Syntrichia aciphylla var. calva J.J. Amann is excluded from the genus Syntrichia.
... data). The generic circumscription of Syntrichia is sufficiently defined (Zander 1989(Zander , 1993Spagnuolo et al. 1999;Gallego et al. 2002;Gallego 2005), but it is still a heterogeneous taxon, especially in extremely diverse areas such as Patagonia. Since the general treatment by Mitten (1869) and other works dealing with Syntrichia species from this area (Lightowlers 1985(Lightowlers , 1986a(Lightowlers , 1986bKramer 1988;Cano and Gallego 2008;Ochyra et al. 2008;, no systematic revisions have been undertaken of the southern South American species of this genus, resulting in a debatable placement of some infrageneric taxa. ...
... Since the general treatment by Mitten (1869) and other works dealing with Syntrichia species from this area (Lightowlers 1985(Lightowlers , 1986a(Lightowlers , 1986bKramer 1988;Cano and Gallego 2008;Ochyra et al. 2008;, no systematic revisions have been undertaken of the southern South American species of this genus, resulting in a debatable placement of some infrageneric taxa. Nevertheless, various studies have notably altered the nomenclature and the number of species recognised for Syntrichia in South America, mainly with the transfer of many species of Tortula Hedw. to Syntrichia (Cano and Gallego 2008;Gallego et al. 2014), new synonymy in the genus (Matteri 2003a;Gallego et al. , 2011, new species (Gallego andCano 2007a, 2009), and new records of Syntrichia for South America (Cano 2003;Gallego et al. 2006;Gallego and Cano 2007b;Gallego et al. 2011). Based on these works and the Chilean checklist of mosses (He 1998;Müller 2009a) along with several works that gather together new regional records (Frey and Schaumann 2002;Ireland et al. 2006Ireland et al. , 2010Ireland et al. , 2017Larraín 2007Larraín , 2016Müller 2009b;Cuvertino et al. 2012), nearly 32 species of Syntrichia are presently recognised for Chile, and specifically the 70% of these are distributed in Chilean Patagonia. ...
Introduction
While studying material of South American Syntrichia for a worldwide revision of the genus, we found that a specimen collected in Parinacota (Chile) did not match the concept of any species known in the genus. We present our argument for recognising this specimen of a South American Syntrichia from Chile as a new species and describe its differentiation from other closely related taxa.
Methods
About 3500 specimens from South America belonging to Syntrichia were studied, using conventional anatomical and morphological methods. Additionally, most of the type material of the taxa attributed to this genus, from throughout the world, was examined. Photographs of key features of the species were obtained for the preparation of illustrations for publication.
Key results and conclusions
A new moss species, Syntrichia splendida M.T.Gallego & M.J.Cano, from northern Chile, is described and illustrated. The species is strikingly distinguished by its abruptly contracted apices to a linear, pluricellular, papillose, mucronate, strongly toothed and chlorophyllose caducous propagule. Possible confusion with other closely related taxa is discussed.
... This widespread species has a broad distribution in the Americas, Africa, Europe, the Pacific Islands, and southern Asia including Iraq and China (Gallego 2005;Mishler 2007 This widespread species, mostly of temperate and subtropical distribution, is known from all continents except Antarctica (Gallego 2005). It is recorded from most countries in southern Africa, and from all provinces of adjacent South Africa (O'Shea 2006;Van Rooy 2006 This species has been reported from Turkey (Kürschner and Erdağ 2005), Africa (Wigginton 2009), Europe (Söderström et al. 2007), Macronesia (Söderström et al. 2002). ...
... This widespread species has a broad distribution in the Americas, Africa, Europe, the Pacific Islands, and southern Asia including Iraq and China (Gallego 2005;Mishler 2007 This widespread species, mostly of temperate and subtropical distribution, is known from all continents except Antarctica (Gallego 2005). It is recorded from most countries in southern Africa, and from all provinces of adjacent South Africa (O'Shea 2006;Van Rooy 2006 This species has been reported from Turkey (Kürschner and Erdağ 2005), Africa (Wigginton 2009), Europe (Söderström et al. 2007), Macronesia (Söderström et al. 2002). ...
... This widespread species has a broad distribution in the Americas, Africa, Europe, the Pacific Islands, and southern Asia including Iraq and China (Gallego 2005;Mishler 2007 This widespread species, mostly of temperate and subtropical distribution, is known from all continents except Antarctica (Gallego 2005). It is recorded from most countries in southern Africa, and from all provinces of adjacent South Africa (O'Shea 2006;Van Rooy 2006 This species has been reported from Turkey (Kürschner and Erdağ 2005), Africa (Wigginton 2009), Europe (Söderström et al. 2007), Macronesia (Söderström et al. 2002). ...
... This widespread species has a broad distribution in the Americas, Africa, Europe, the Pacific Islands, and southern Asia including Iraq and China (Gallego 2005;Mishler 2007 This widespread species, mostly of temperate and subtropical distribution, is known from all continents except Antarctica (Gallego 2005). It is recorded from most countries in southern Africa, and from all provinces of adjacent South Africa (O'Shea 2006;Van Rooy 2006 This species has been reported from Turkey (Kürschner and Erdağ 2005), Africa (Wigginton 2009), Europe (Söderström et al. 2007), Macronesia (Söderström et al. 2002). ...
... The species, which is generally restricted to dry exposed calcareous or gypsum soils, is currently known from Serra de Prades (where at least three subpopulations are known) and Tudela de Segre (Casas de Puig, 1975b;Brugués et al., 1993;Gallego, 2005). The values of EOO and AOO are ca. ...
... The species occurs in eastern Pyrenees: Castellar de n'Hug and several locations in the Ter Valley (Lloret Maya, 1986;Lloret, 1989;Gallego, 2005). The known populations are found on shaded siliceous rocky places, between 100 and 2300 m a.s.l. S. sinensis is currently known from seven locations (EOO= ca. ...
... data). The generic circumscription of Syntrichia is sufficiently defined (Zander 1989(Zander , 1993Spagnuolo et al. 1999;Gallego et al. 2002;Gallego 2005), but it is still a heterogeneous taxon, especially in extremely diverse areas such as Patagonia. Since the general treatment by Mitten (1869) and other works dealing with Syntrichia species from this area (Lightowlers 1985(Lightowlers , 1986a(Lightowlers , 1986bKramer 1988;Cano and Gallego 2008;Ochyra et al. 2008;, no systematic revisions have been undertaken of the southern South American species of this genus, resulting in a debatable placement of some infrageneric taxa. ...
... Since the general treatment by Mitten (1869) and other works dealing with Syntrichia species from this area (Lightowlers 1985(Lightowlers , 1986a(Lightowlers , 1986bKramer 1988;Cano and Gallego 2008;Ochyra et al. 2008;, no systematic revisions have been undertaken of the southern South American species of this genus, resulting in a debatable placement of some infrageneric taxa. Nevertheless, various studies have notably altered the nomenclature and the number of species recognised for Syntrichia in South America, mainly with the transfer of many species of Tortula Hedw. to Syntrichia (Cano and Gallego 2008;Gallego et al. 2014), new synonymy in the genus (Matteri 2003a;Gallego et al. , 2011, new species (Gallego andCano 2007a, 2009), and new records of Syntrichia for South America (Cano 2003;Gallego et al. 2006;Gallego and Cano 2007b;Gallego et al. 2011). Based on these works and the Chilean checklist of mosses (He 1998;Müller 2009a) along with several works that gather together new regional records (Frey and Schaumann 2002;Ireland et al. 2006Ireland et al. , 2010Ireland et al. , 2017Larraín 2007Larraín , 2016Müller 2009b;Cuvertino et al. 2012), nearly 32 species of Syntrichia are presently recognised for Chile, and specifically the 70% of these are distributed in Chilean Patagonia. ...
Introduction. While revising material of South American Syntrichia for a worldwide revision of the genus, one specimen collected in Aysén (Chile) did not match the concept of any of the species known in the genus. Here we present our argument for recognising this moss as a new species and its differentiation from other closely related taxa.
Methods. About 3500 specimens from South America belonging to this genus were studied with the typical anatomical and morphological methods. In addition, most of the type material of the taxa attributed to this genus in the world has been studied. Photographic images of key features of the species were obtained for the preparation of illustrations for publication.
Results and conclusions. A new moss species, Syntrichia lamellaris M.T.Gallego, M.J.Cano & Larraín, is described and illustrated from Chilean Patagonia. The species is corticolous and distinguished morphologically by its stems with irregular hyalodermis, oblanceolate to obovate-lingulate leaves that are extremely fragile, with apices ending in a spinulose red mucro, plane and strongly sinuous to lacerated leaf margins, and dorsal costal surface without stereids in the upper third, but with irregularly lobed dorsal lamellae. Possible confusion with other closely related taxa is discussed.
... The type section of Syntrichia mostly contains the well-known and widely distributed species centered around S. ruralis. These species are described and illustrated in numerous publications (e.g., Kramer 1980, Kramer 1988, Zander 1993, Gallego 2005. Another species that apparently belongs here is Syntrichia squarripila. ...
Phytologia 103(4) 90-103. 22 Dec 2021
<https://www.phytologia.org/uploads/2/3/4/2/23422706/103_4_90-103brindasyntrichiapottiaceae_12-7-21.pdf>
A revised infrageneric classification of the genus Syntrichia Brid. is proposed that includes the segregation of a new genus Syntrichiadelphus for the species currently known as Syntrichia flagellaris (Schimp.) R.H. Zander. In addition, a synopsis of Syntrichia for Madagascar is presented with new synonymy, lectotypifications, and Syntrichia ammonsiana (H.A. Crum & L.E. Anderson) Ochyra newly reported from the island.
... Syntrichia caninervis was found in the steppe vegetation in the Karakoram Mountains as a small admixture in a patch of Grimmia poecilostoma Cardot & Sebille, a species recently reported from Pakistan (Ellis, Afonina, Czernyadjeva, et al. 2019). Apart from the eastern Holarctic, S. caninervis is scattered through the western Mediterranean, occurring in Spain and North Africa (Gallego et al. 2002;Gallego 2005); in western North America (Mishler 2007), and a highly isolated bipolar station from the Trinity Peninsula in the Antarctic . This is the first record of Tetraplodon angustatus in Dagestan Republic and in the Eastern Caucasus. ...
... It is known from France, Portugal, Spain, Austria, and Germany. In SE Europe it is recorded in GR (Gallego 2005), HR (Papp et al. 2013a), MK (Papp et al. 2016b), BG (Papp et al. 2018a), MNE (Papp et al. 2019c) and it has recently been reported on the basis of this collection from SRB (Papp et al. 2019a). It was collected in limestone grasslands near the peaks of Mt Kablar and Mt Ovčar. ...
Papp, B., Pantović, J., Nikolić, N. & Sabovljević, M. S. (2019): Contributions to the bryophyte fl ora of Serbia: Ovčar, Kablar and Vujan Mts.-Studia bot. hung. 50(2): 331-346. Abstract: 140 bryophyte taxa (10 liverworts and 130 mosses) were recorded during a fi eld trip led to a bryologically completely unexplored territory of Serbia in the vicinity of Čačak town, namely the Ovčar, Kablar, and Vujan Mts. 13 species are of conservation interest; rare, threatened in the Balkans or even in Europe. Th e bryophyte fl ora of the studied mountains can be characterised by high number of common species of the temperate zone of Europe. Almost half of the species found belong to this category. Another 20% of the species found are subboreal, boreal species, while more than 20% of the species collected have Mediterranean, sub-Mediterranean character.
Premise of the study: To address the biodiversity crisis, it is important to understand the evolution of all organisms and how they fill geographic and ecological space. Syntrichia is one of the most diverse and dominant genera of mosses, ranging from alpine habitats to desert biocrusts, yet its evolutionary history remains unclear. Methods: We present a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of Syntrichia, based on both molecular and morphological data, with most of the named species and closest outgroups represented. In addition, we provide ancestral-state reconstructions of water-related traits and a global biogeographic analysis.
Key results: We found 10 major well-resolved subclades of Syntrichia that possess geographical or morphological coherence, in some cases representing previously accepted genera. We infer that the extant species diversity of Syntrichia likely originated in South America in the early Eocene (56.5–43.8 mya), subsequently expanded its distribution to the Neotropics, and finally dispersed to the Northern Hemisphere. There, the clade experienced a recent diversification (15–12 mya) into a broad set of ecological niches (e.g., the S. caninervis and S. ruralis complexes). The transition from terricolous to either saxicolous or epiphytic habitats occurred more than once and was associated with changes in water-related traits.
Conclusions: Our study provides a framework for understanding the evolutionary history of Syntrichia through the combination of morphological and molecular characters, revealing that migration events that shaped the current distribution of the clade have implications for morphological character evolution in relation to niche diversity.
Pottiaceae is a large, taxonomically difficult family with numerous xerophytic species, that is well represented in Maghreb. Sixteen taxa (Acaulon mediterraneum, A. muticum, Aschisma carniolicum, Chionoloma tenuirostre var. tenuirostre, Ephemerum crassinervium subsp. sessile, Gyroweisia reflexa, Husnotiella sinuosa, Microbryum rectum, Streblotrichum commutatum, Syntri-chia caninervis var. caninervis, Tortella tortuosa, Tortula caucasica, T. truncata, T. wilsonii, Vine-alobryum nicholsonii, Weissia levieri) are mentioned for the first time in Tunisia as a result of recent fieldwork, increasing the country's known number of Bryophyte species from 314 taxa to 330, and of Pottiaceae from 74 to 90 taxa (an increase of 21.6%), now close to the Pottiaceae diversity in Algeria (106) and Morocco (124). This point to the need for further bryofloristic studies in Tunisia.
Descriptions, taxonomic notes and habitat details are given for the 8 South Georgian species of the genus Tortula. A key for identification is provided together with distribution data. -from Author
A new species, Syntrichia magilliana, is described from Cape, South Africa. It appears to belong to Section Aesiotortula Zand. and is distinguished by thickened outer walls of the dorsal epidermal cells of the costa, which is roughened dorsally. It is known from a single locality.
11 new mosses from Syria are reported, complementing our knowledge of the bryophyte flora of the region, and the distribution and phytogeographical relationships of the different taxa. All belong to drought-adapted, xerophytic Grimmiaceae and Pottiaceae and often close a distributional gap between their hitherto known localities in the Near and Middle East. In addition, distribution maps based on all published records and own collections demonstrate their range in Southwest Asia.
There is no general consensus among bryologists as to the best system for describing sexual expression in mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Existing schemes are not logically consistent: in some cases they emphasize functional considerations and in other cases, genetic considerations. Different authors, especially those working with mosses versus liverworts, use the same term to describe different sexual conditions. Lack of a set of terms collateral with those most widely used for other embryophytes has prevented cross-comparisons to the detriment of understanding in both areas. This paper illustrates these problems and suggests an alternative system of terminology that is logical, consistent, and comprehensive and which coincides with usage for pteridophytes and seed plants.
Tortula papillosa was the dominant plant on a buttressed and tarred roadside wall in Slapton, Devon. Earlier reports describe the species as nitrophilous. Its abundance on pitch points to rather specific growth requirements. The species seems to benefit from some aspects of human activity but not from others.
Syntrichia glabra J.-P. Frahm & M. T. Gallego is described as new from Germany. It is characterized by small size, dark green colour, distant leaves with a short reflexed hyaline hair-point and transparent upper laminal cells with very low papillae. It has been found three times in xerothermic habitats, such as dry, hot rocks and rocky outcrops in vineyards. The new combination Syntrichia densa (Velen.) J.-P. Frahm is made.