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Heterosis for seed cotton yield and its contributing characters in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Abstract
A line × tester crossing programme was taken up with three female lines and ten male parents with a view to obtain best heterotic crosses for seed cotton yield and its attributing traits. Heterosis over better parent and standard check were estimated for yield and its contributing characters in 30 cross combinations. The hybrids viz., GSHV 155 × GSHV 112, G. Cot. 20 × BC 68-2, G. Cot. 20 × 76 IH-20, GSHV 01/1338 × GISV 218, GSHV 155 × Surat dwarf, GSHV 01/1338 × BC 68-2 and GSHV 155 × LRA 5166 showed significant positive standard heterosis as well as heterobeltiosis for seed cotton yield per plant, number of bolls per plant and boll weight. The crosses exhibited highest heterosis due to increase in boll number and boll weight was significantly associated with increase in yield and these crosses could be considered for exploitation of hybrid vigour.
... Relative heterosis (%) [25] , [24] , Ahmad et al. (2002) [3] , Rauf et al. (2005) [22] , Basamma et al. (2009) [6] , Karademir and Gencer (2010) [13] , Basal et al. (2011) [5] , Karademir et al. (2011) [12] , Patil et al. (2011) [19] , Panni et al. (2012) [16] , Patel et al. (2012) [18] , El-Rafaey and El-Razek (2013) [7] , Ranganatha et al. (2013) [20] , Islam et al. (2014) [10] , Patel et al. (2014) [17] , Abid et al. [26] , Rathava et al. (2018) [21] , Yehia and Hashash (2019) [27] and AL-Hibbiny et al. (2020) [4] . .33* ± 0.82 6.99** ± 0.76 14.91** ± 1.53 * and **, significant at 5% and 1%, respectively and " -" represent zero 48** ± 0.59 25.92** ± 0.19 * and **, significant at 5% and 1%, respectively and " -" represent zero 69** ± 0.07 * and **, significant at 5% and 1%, respectively and " -" represent zero ...
... Relative heterosis (%) [25] , [24] , Ahmad et al. (2002) [3] , Rauf et al. (2005) [22] , Basamma et al. (2009) [6] , Karademir and Gencer (2010) [13] , Basal et al. (2011) [5] , Karademir et al. (2011) [12] , Patil et al. (2011) [19] , Panni et al. (2012) [16] , Patel et al. (2012) [18] , El-Rafaey and El-Razek (2013) [7] , Ranganatha et al. (2013) [20] , Islam et al. (2014) [10] , Patel et al. (2014) [17] , Abid et al. [26] , Rathava et al. (2018) [21] , Yehia and Hashash (2019) [27] and AL-Hibbiny et al. (2020) [4] . .33* ± 0.82 6.99** ± 0.76 14.91** ± 1.53 * and **, significant at 5% and 1%, respectively and " -" represent zero 48** ± 0.59 25.92** ± 0.19 * and **, significant at 5% and 1%, respectively and " -" represent zero 69** ± 0.07 * and **, significant at 5% and 1%, respectively and " -" represent zero ...
... The estimates of inbreeding depression were significant and positive for all crosses. This results were in accordance with the findings made by Soomro and Kalhoro (2000) [25] , [24] , Ahmad et al. (2002) [3] , Rauf et al. (2005) [22] , Basamma et al. (2009) [6] , Basal et al. (2011) [5] , Patil et al. (2011) [19] , Panni et al. (2012) [16] , Patel et al. (2012) [18] , El-Rafaey and El-Razek (2013) [7] , Ranganatha et al. (2013) [20] , Patel et al. (2014) [17] , Abid et al. (2015) [1] , Sawarkar et al. (2015) [23] , Eswari et al. (2016) [8] , Gohil et al. (2017) [9] , Isong et al. (2017) [11] , Monicashree et al. (2017) [15] , Tigga et al. (2017) [26] , Rathava et al. (2018) [21] , Yehia and Hashash (2019) [27] and AL-Hibbiny et al. (2020) [4] . All crosses showed positive and highly significant relative heterosis, heterobeltiosis as well as inbreeding depression for average boll weight. ...
... While ginning percentage, seed index and lint yield per plant were secondary contributors toward increased heterotic effects for seed cotton yield per plant in specific cross combinations only. Similar findings have been reported by Jyotiba et al. (2010) [7] , Kaushik and Shastry (2011) [8] and Patil et al. (2011) [14] . Based on data of standard heterosis, it can be concluded that, three cross combinations namely TCH1716 × L 765 and TCH1716 × L 766 appeared to be the most heterotic crosses for seed cotton yield per plant to exploit heterosis in cotton. ...
... While ginning percentage, seed index and lint yield per plant were secondary contributors toward increased heterotic effects for seed cotton yield per plant in specific cross combinations only. Similar findings have been reported by Jyotiba et al. (2010) [7] , Kaushik and Shastry (2011) [8] and Patil et al. (2011) [14] . Based on data of standard heterosis, it can be concluded that, three cross combinations namely TCH1716 × L 765 and TCH1716 × L 766 appeared to be the most heterotic crosses for seed cotton yield per plant to exploit heterosis in cotton. ...
... The ratio of σ 2 GCA/ σ 2 SCA revealed that all the characters manifested less than unity which indicated preponderance of non-additive genetic variance for inheritance of these traits. Saini et al. (2005), Preetha and Raveendran (2008) [11] , Nirania et al. (2010) [5] , Patel et al. (2010) [7] , Patil et al. (2011) [10] , Patel et al. (2012) [9] and Lodam et al. (2014) [3] also found preponderance of non-additive genetic variance for inheritance of several traits of cotton. ...
... The ratio of σ 2 GCA/ σ 2 SCA revealed that all the characters manifested less than unity which indicated preponderance of non-additive genetic variance for inheritance of these traits. Saini et al. (2005), Preetha and Raveendran (2008) [11] , Nirania et al. (2010) [5] , Patel et al. (2010) [7] , Patil et al. (2011) [10] , Patel et al. (2012) [9] and Lodam et al. (2014) [3] also found preponderance of non-additive genetic variance for inheritance of several traits of cotton. ...
The present investigation was carried out to study combing ability of parental lines and hybrids of American cotton (Gossypium hirstum L.). The estimation of combining ability of hybrids were significant for all characters except for ginning percentage. Mean squares due to lines effects were significant for sympodia per plant, seed index and fibre strength, whereas testers effects noticed non-significant for all the traits. Line x tester effects reported significant for all characters except for ginning percentage indicating that considerable GCA and SCA was present for parents and hybrids, respectively. Combining ability analysis revealed importance of both additive and non-additive components in the expression of seed cotton yield and other traits. The cross combinations GSHV 185 x RAH 1069, GSHV 172 x TCH 1824 and GSHV 172 x CPD 1501 recorded higher per se performance as well as significant SCA effect, heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis over both the standard checks for seed cotton yield per plant. The estimates of general combining ability suggested that parents GSHV 172 and RAH 1069 were good general combiner for seed cotton yield per plant.
... The ratio of σ 2 GCA/ σ 2 SCA revealed that all the characters manifested less than unity which indicated preponderance of non-additive genetic variance for inheritance of these traits. Saini et al. (2005), Preetha and Raveendran (2008) [11] , Nirania et al. (2010) [5] , Patel et al. (2010) [7] , Patil et al. (2011) [10] , Patel et al. (2012) [9] and Lodam et al. (2014) [3] also found preponderance of non-additive genetic variance for inheritance of several traits of cotton. ...
... The ratio of σ 2 GCA/ σ 2 SCA revealed that all the characters manifested less than unity which indicated preponderance of non-additive genetic variance for inheritance of these traits. Saini et al. (2005), Preetha and Raveendran (2008) [11] , Nirania et al. (2010) [5] , Patel et al. (2010) [7] , Patil et al. (2011) [10] , Patel et al. (2012) [9] and Lodam et al. (2014) [3] also found preponderance of non-additive genetic variance for inheritance of several traits of cotton. ...
... In cotton, heterosis of 50% over the commercial variety and 20% over the commercial hybrid is considered useful for hybrid development Singh et al. (2012). Patil et al. (2011) reported that some hybrids exhibited significant heterosis in boll number and boll weight which were associated with increased seed cotton yield, thus suggested that such crosses could be considered for exploitation of hybrid vigor in cotton. In intra and inter-specific Heterosis , yield increase over mid and better parent or greater than commercial cultivar ( useful Heterosis ) have been documented (Khan et al., 2007;Khan 2011 andMaria Khanpanni et al., 2012 ). ...
... Therefore inevitably over-dominance pattern of genetic determination governed their inheritance. These finds are in agreement with those of Nidagundi et al. (2011), Patil et al. (2011), Solanki et al. (2014, Mastungi and Ansari (2015) and Muhammad et al. (2015) who also obtained high positive heterosis and heterobeltiosis effects. ...
The study was conducted at Halani District Naushehro Feroze during the kharif season 2013-14, to investigate the heterosis and heterobeltiosis of five parents through diallel cross combination to evaluate the superior parents and cross combinations for knowing the potential to produce F 1 hybrids for hybrid crop development. The analysis of variance revealed that significant difference among the parents and genotypes, which suggested that the occurrence of extensive amount of genetic variability for all the characters studied. For number of bolls per plant hybrid MNH-886 X CIM-511 recorded more bolls over mid parent, while CRIS-134 X MNH-886 was given highest number of bolls over the better parent. The hybrid MNH-886 X CIM-506 obtained highest heterosis for boll weight and seed cotton yield per plant over mid and better parents. Whereas hybrid CRIS-134 X BH-36 produced maximum seed index heterosis over mid parent and hybrid CRIS-134 X CIM-511 for better parent. The maximum heterosis of GOT was obtained by hybrid (CRIS-134 X CIM-506 and MNH-886 X CIM-506) CRIS-134 X CIM-506 over mid parent and MNH-886 X CIM-506 for better parent. Therefore results suggested that hybrids may be exploited in hybrid seed production.
... Heterosis is most often manifested when crossing geographically and genetically distant forms. According to the above signs, heterosis can be manifested independently, that is, it can have a discrete character [34]. ...
The patterns of inheritance and variability of economically valuable traits in cotton, manifestations of heterosis, as well as its preservation in hybrid populations with a high inheritance potential during intraspecific and genotypically distant hybridization were determined. Thus, in order to obtain heterosis hybrid combinations in Fl for the “fiber yield” trait, cotton varieties with the same or closele related indicators of this trait were involved in crossing (UF0800038 K 113 / UF0800040 K 111, UF0800038 K 113 /UF0800256 0212). Dominance of one of the parent forms according to the trait “fiber length” in F1 plants is manifested in hybrids that differ sharply in terms of indicators. An intermediate type of trait inheritance was observed in hybrids genotypically close and geographically distant in origin. When studying the variability and inheritance of the trait “fiber length” in parental varieties and their F1 hybrids, it was found that positive overdominance or positive heterosis for the fiber length trait was observed in hybrids with different genotypes and in geographically distant forms. Negative superdominance based on fiber length, i.e. negative heterosis, was found in hybrids with different genotypes and indicators, as well as in samples geographically distant in origin. In general, analyzing the fiber length inheritance data, it can be concluded that the F1 hybrid combinations mainly showed negative and positive overdominance. Therefore, it can be argued that the fiber length in F1 hybrids is mainly regulated by dominant genes.
... The hybrid Anjali x MCU 5 also recorded highest positively significant relative heterosis (25.70%), heterobeltiosis (24.02%) and standard heterosis (20.72%). The results reported in the present investigation are in agreement with earlier workers (Abro et al., 2009;Jyotiba et al., 2010;Basal et al., 2011;Geddam, et al., 2011;Patil, et al., 2011). ...
The present experiment was carried out at College farm, N.M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University,Navsari. During the year 2011-2012, to investigate the Weed management in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under South Gujarat condition. Ten treatments comprising combination of pre-(Pendimethalin & Alachlor) and post-emergence (Quizalofop-ethyl & Imazethapyr) herbicides including weed
free and weedy check were tested in randomized block design with three replications. Pre-mergence application of Pendimethalin either 1.0 kg ha-1 or Alachlor 1.0 kg ha-1 were found effective to control different weed species. Hand
weeding & IC at 20 and 40 DAS weed free condition was proved effective against all weed species. Being equivalent to hand weeding & IC at 20 and 40 DAS, maximum seed and stover yields of sunflower were recorded under pre-emergence application of Pendimethalin @ 1 kg ha-1 pre-emergence + hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS. Similarly, tend was found in yield attributes parameter viz., number of seed per head, seed weight per head, 100-seed weight and quality of protein yield.
And also nutrient content & uptake was recorded by crop.Application Alachlor @ 1 kg ha-1 pre-emergence + hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS and Alachlor @ 1 kg ha-1 preemergence reflected in higher B:C ratio of 4.16 and 3.85, respectively.
... The eleven crosses showed heterosis more than 40% for seed cotton yield/plant. The crosses with high heterosis for seed cotton yield were H1489 × C 210 ( Heterosis for seed cotton yield in American cotton has also been reported earlier by Nirania et al., (2013), Patil et al., (2011), Jaiwar et al., (2012, Sawarkar et al., (2015), Lingaraja et al., (2017a) and Bankar et al., (2018). From the above results it is clear that, the magnitude of heterosis over standard check varied for cross to cross for various traits studied. ...
... Negative heterosis for plant height was reported by (Khan et al., 2009). Patil et al. (2011) observed considerable heterosis for number of bolls and boll size and these traits were related to enhanced yield and such potential cross combinations can be explored for hybrid breeding. ...
Breeders are aware of the phenomenon that in a hybridization programmes, certain crosses pass-on more favorable genes towards the progenies than others. Thus, identification of potential parents and hybrids remained main concern to cotton breeders for improving various yield and fibre traits in cotton breeding programmes. The present studies were carried-out to estimate the general and specific combining ability estimates and heterotic effects for different characters from line x tester crosses developed from six lines viz., Sindh-1, Sadori, CRIS-134, Chandi-95, Haridost and IR-1524 crossed with three testers i.e. NIA-ufaq, Sohni and Shahbaz. The experiment was laid-out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications during 2016. The degrees of freedom for hybrids were split into lines, testers and line x tester interaction. The mean squares owing to lines and testers were significant for majority of the traits, however the general combining ability of lines for 1 st sympodial node number while general combining ability of testers only boll weight was non-significant. Similarly, the mean square for line x tester interaction which designate specific combining ability were also significant for all traits except staple length, G.O.T. % and seed index. Among the lines, Chandi-95, IR-1524 and from testers Shahbaz expressed higher GCA effects especially for seed cotton yield, thus, proved as good general combiners and suitable parents for hybridization and selection of desirable plants from segregating populations. For SCA effects, F 1 hybrids like Sadori x Shahbaz, Haridost x NIA-ufaq and Sindh-1 x Shahbaz demonstrated as best specific combiners, therefore' these proved promising hybrids. The high heterotic effects were expressed by the hybrids Sadori x Shahbaz for bolls per plant, boll weight and seed cotton yield plant-1 and IR-1524 x NIA-ufaq for staple length thus, these hybrids with dominant and over dominant genes could be potential hybrids for the exploitation of heterosis breeding in cotton.
... CRS-456 × PB-39 (27.22) and VH-259 × CIM-608 (17.83) displayed moderate heterosis and hetrobeltiosis respectively and considered for further selection. Present findings are in accordance withPatil et al. (2011) who had reported moderate heterosis and hetrobeltiosis for plant height.For number of monopodial branches, among hybrids, 14 hybrids depicted significant and positive heterosis while 15 hybrids displayed positive and significant hetrobeltiosis. AA-703 × PB-900 (-44.29) and AA-703 × BH-163 (-48.00) ...
... BT-802 x IR-2620, BT-703 x Sadori and BT-703 x IR-3701. These findings are in conformity with those of Abro et al. (2009) andPatil et al. (2011) who also obtained moderate heterosis for plant height. ...
Heterosis and heterobeltiosis were estimated for eight yield and fiber traits in nine F1 hybrids of upland cotton. Genotypes were highly significant (P≤0.01) for all the characters thus indicated existence of greater genetic variability among the genotypes for studied traits. On the basis of mean performance, the parental line Sadori showed best performance for some traits (sympodial branches plant-1 , bolls plant-1 , boll weight, seed cotton yield plant-1 and lint %). Among the F1 hybrids, the hybrid BT-802 x Sadori performed well for various traits (plant height, bolls plant-1 , boll weight and seed index). Results regarding heterotic performance in F1 hybrids, maximum heterosis and heterobeltiosis were achieved for sympodial branches plant-1 , bolls plant-1 , boll weight, lint% and seed cotton yield plant-1. Positive heterosis over mid-and better parents for seed cotton yield plant-1 ranged from 32.86 to 57.26% and 12.33 to 42.69%, respectively. Overall, current study demonstrated that female lines, NIA-OKRA-01 and BT-802, exhibit greater heterosis and heterobeltiosis in crosses with Sadori and IR-3701 for seed cotton yield plant-1 and fiber traits. Therefore, above parental lines could efficiently be exploited for hybrids development in cotton crop.
The aim of this research was to study heterosis, combining ability and genetic control of most important traits in line × tester crosses. It was found that the non-additive variance (σ2D) was larger than the additive variance (σ2A) for productivity per plant and fiber length revealing the greater importance of non-additive gene action in the inheritance of both traits and the selection of desirable forms should be conducted in the later hybrid generations. Non-additive genetic variance was also more important for boll weight, whereas additive gene action was of greater importance for lint percentage and the selection for this trait can be effective in early segregated generations. Line 266 was identified as a good general combiner for productivity per plant and fiber length, line 346 for lint percentage and fiber length. The Turkish cultivar Nazili 954 can be used in crosses to improve productivity, while the Spanish cultivar FR-H-1001 can be used to increase lint percentage and fiber length. The hybrids 191 × Nazili 954 and 266 × FR-H-1001 exhibited the highest productivity per plant with high SCA effects and the highest heterosis of 30.7-31.7%. The highest lint percentage of 42.1-42.3% was achieved in hybrids from the crosses Nazili 954 × 266 and 346 × FR-H-1001 showing significant positive heterosis of 2.4 - 9.0%. Hybrids from the crosses FR-H-1001 × 266 and 346 × FR-H-1001 had the longest fiber and exhibited heterosis of 8.4% and 5.7%, respectively. The cross combination 346 × FR-H-1001 was very promising for lint percentage and fiber length showing high mean levels for both traits with high SCA effects and positive heterosis.
The present study was conducted with the aim to find out the best general and specific combiner, type of their gene action, hetterotic effects, correlation and path coefficient among morphological, yield and yield contributing and fiber traits through line x tester mating design. In this research work 6 line parents and 6 tester parents along with their 36 F 1 generation were studied. The traits i.e. days to first flower, flower shedding (%), boll formation, boll opening, 1 st monopodial node number plant ⁻¹ , 1 st sympodial nodes number plant ⁻¹ , number of monopodial branches plant ⁻¹ , boll shedding (% age), number of leaves plant ⁻¹ , plant height, total number of fruiting points plant ⁻¹ , number of bolls harvested plant- ¹ , boll weight, seed index, harvest index, biological weight plant ⁻¹ , GOT %, fibre length (mm), fibre strength, micronaire value, fibre mean length, upper half means length and fibre uniformity index (%age) were studied. Results of gene action revealed that flower shedding, number of sympodial branches plant ⁻¹ and number of leaves indicated greater value than 1 revealing over dominance type of gene action at both locations. Total number of fruiting point, number of harvest bolls, flower shedding, number of sympodial branches, boll opening, GOT% and fiber strength showed a greater GCA at CCRI MULTAN . Maximum SCA effects were observed in traits i.e. boll formation, boll opening, number of monopodial branches, number of leaves, plant height, fruiting points, boll weight, seed cotton yield, biological weight and staple length. Heterosis results showed that days to first flower, flower shedding, boll formation, sympodial node number, plant height, fruiting points, number of bolls, seed cotton yield, GOT% and staple length had maximum significant mid heterosis at both locations. The traits including flower shedding, boll formation, sympodial node numbers, number of sympodial branches, boll shedding, plant height, fruiting points, number of bolls harvested, boll weight, seed cotton yield and upper half mean length indicated maximum standard heterosis at both locations. Correlation results indicated that boll shedding, boll formation, boll opening, sympodial node number, number of bolls harvested, boll weight, plant height, GOT%, fiber strength, micronaire value, seed index and seed cotton yield had positive correlation at both locations. Path analysis results indicated that flower shedding, boll formation, boll opening, sympodial branches, fruiting point and boll weight had positive and direct effect on seed cotton yield at both locations. GOT%, staple length and micronaire value showed negative and direct effect at both locations. For estimating genetic diversity 100 simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers were used on 12 parental genotypes. Only 13 markers yielded polymorphic fragments. Genetic diversity ranged from 41.55-73.81. The genotypes Emian-24 and Yumian-1 showed 62.53% similarity. The local line Lumian-21, Gamian-23, Xiangmian-13 showed maximum genetic diversity 73.81%. On the basis of above mentions results it is concluded that the genotypes showing best performances and countable genetic diversity can be used as a potential material for the development of high yielding and desirable fiber characteristics genotypes. Berger et al. (2015) conducted an experiment using eight cotton parents and concluded significant GCA and SCA effects for most of fiber quality trait as well quality traits. Among all parental genotypes; Texas A & M university lines performed for the improvement of fiber length and strength as specified by GCA effects. Natera et al. (2015) carried out studies using six standard varieties of upland cotton and examined the general and specific combining abilities. All the traits exhibited significant differences for GCA effects in parents and SCA effects in hybrids except for seed cotton yield that showed non-significant results. The mixtures of additive and non additive effects were observed for all traits.
The present study was conducted with the aim to find out the best general and specific combiner, type of their gene action, hetterotic effects, correlation and path coefficient among morphological, yield and yield contributing and fiber traits through line x tester mating design. In this research work 6 line parents and 6 tester parents along with their 36 F 1 generation were studied. The traits i.e. days to first flower, flower shedding (%), boll formation, boll opening, 1 st monopodial node number plant ⁻¹ , 1 st sympodial nodes number plant ⁻¹ , number of monopodial branches plant ⁻¹ , boll shedding (% age), number of leaves plant ⁻¹ , plant height, total number of fruiting points plant ⁻¹ , number of bolls harvested plant- ¹ , boll weight, seed index, harvest index, biological weight plant ⁻¹ , GOT %, fibre length (mm), fibre strength, micronaire value, fibre mean length, upper half means length and fibre uniformity index (%age) were studied. Results of gene action revealed that flower shedding, number of sympodial branches plant ⁻¹ and number of leaves indicated greater value than 1 revealing over dominance type of gene action at both locations. Total number of fruiting point, number of harvest bolls, flower shedding, number of sympodial branches, boll opening, GOT% and fiber strength showed a greater GCA at CCRI MULTAN . Maximum SCA effects were observed in traits i.e. boll formation, boll opening, number of monopodial branches, number of leaves, plant height, fruiting points, boll weight, seed cotton yield, biological weight and staple length. Heterosis results showed that days to first flower, flower shedding, boll formation, sympodial node number, plant height, fruiting points, number of bolls, seed cotton yield, GOT% and staple length had maximum significant mid heterosis at both locations. The traits including flower shedding, boll formation, sympodial node numbers, number of sympodial branches, boll shedding, plant height, fruiting points, number of bolls harvested, boll weight, seed cotton yield and upper half mean length indicated maximum standard heterosis at both locations. Correlation results indicated that boll shedding, boll formation, boll opening, sympodial node number, number of bolls harvested, boll weight, plant height, GOT%, fiber strength, micronaire value, seed index and seed cotton yield had positive correlation at both locations. Path analysis results indicated that flower shedding, boll formation, boll opening, sympodial branches, fruiting point and boll weight had positive and direct effect on seed cotton yield at both locations. GOT%, staple length and micronaire value showed negative and direct effect at both locations. For estimating genetic diversity 100 simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers were used on 12 parental genotypes. Only 13 markers yielded polymorphic fragments. Genetic diversity ranged from 41.55-73.81. The genotypes Emian-24 and Yumian-1 showed 62.53% similarity. The local line Lumian-21, Gamian-23, Xiangmian-13 showed maximum genetic diversity 73.81%. On the basis of above mentions results it is concluded that the genotypes showing best performances and countable genetic diversity can be used as a potential material for the development of high yielding and desirable fiber characteristics genotypes. Berger et al. (2015) conducted an experiment using eight cotton parents and concluded significant GCA and SCA effects for most of fiber quality trait as well quality traits. Among all parental genotypes; Texas A & M university lines performed for the improvement of fiber length and strength as specified by GCA effects. Natera et al. (2015) carried out studies using six standard varieties of upland cotton and examined the general and specific combining abilities. All the traits exhibited significant differences for GCA effects in parents and SCA effects in hybrids except for seed cotton yield that showed non-significant results. The mixtures of additive and non additive effects were observed for all traits.
The present study was conducted with the aim to find out the best general and specific combiner, type of their gene action, hetterotic effects, correlation and path coefficient among morphological, yield and yield contributing and fiber traits through line x tester mating design. In this research work 6 line parents and 6 tester parents along with their 36 F 1 generation were studied. The traits i.e. days to first flower, flower shedding (%), boll formation, boll opening, 1 st monopodial node number plant ⁻¹ , 1 st sympodial nodes number plant ⁻¹ , number of monopodial branches plant ⁻¹ , boll shedding (% age), number of leaves plant ⁻¹ , plant height, total number of fruiting points plant ⁻¹ , number of bolls harvested plant- ¹ , boll weight, seed index, harvest index, biological weight plant ⁻¹ , GOT %, fibre length (mm), fibre strength, micronaire value, fibre mean length, upper half means length and fibre uniformity index (%age) were studied. Results of gene action revealed that flower shedding, number of sympodial branches plant ⁻¹ and number of leaves indicated greater value than 1 revealing over dominance type of gene action at both locations. Total number of fruiting point, number of harvest bolls, flower shedding, number of sympodial branches, boll opening, GOT% and fiber strength showed a greater GCA at both Multan; Pakistan and location. Maximum SCA effects were observed in traits i.e. boll formation, boll opening, number of monopodial branches, number of leaves, plant height, fruiting points, boll weight, seed cotton yield, biological weight and staple length. Heterosis results showed that days to first flower, flower shedding, boll formation, sympodial node number, plant height, fruiting points, number of bolls, seed cotton yield, GOT% and staple length had maximum significant mid heterosis at both locations. The traits including flower shedding, boll formation, sympodial node numbers, number of sympodial branches, boll shedding, plant height, fruiting points, number of bolls harvested, boll weight, seed cotton yield and upper half mean length indicated maximum standard heterosis at both locations. Correlation results indicated that boll shedding, boll formation, boll opening, sympodial node number, number of bolls harvested, boll weight, plant height, GOT%, fiber strength, micronaire value, seed index and seed cotton yield had positive correlation at both locations.
The present study was conducted with the aim to find out the best general and specific combiner, type of their gene action, hetterotic effects, correlation and path coefficient among morphological, yield and yield contributing and fiber traits through line x tester mating design. In this research work 6 line parents and 6 tester parents along with their 36 F 1 generation were studied. The traits i.e. days to first flower, flower shedding (%), boll formation, boll opening, 1 st monopodial node number plant ⁻¹ , 1 st sympodial nodes number plant ⁻¹ , number of monopodial branches plant ⁻¹ , boll shedding (% age), number of leaves plant ⁻¹ , plant height, total number of fruiting points plant ⁻¹ , number of bolls harvested plant- ¹ , boll weight, seed index, harvest index, biological weight plant ⁻¹ , GOT %, fibre length (mm), fibre strength, micronaire value, fibre mean length, upper half means length and fibre uniformity index (%age) were studied. Results of gene action revealed that flower shedding, number of sympodial branches plant ⁻¹ and number of leaves indicated greater value than 1 revealing over dominance type of gene action at both locations. Total number of fruiting point, number of harvest bolls, flower shedding, number of sympodial branches, boll opening, GOT% and fiber strength showed a greater GCA at both Wuhan; Hubei and location. Maximum SCA effects were observed in traits i.e. boll formation, boll opening, number of monopodial branches, number of leaves, plant height, fruiting points, boll weight, seed cotton yield, biological weight and staple length. Heterosis results showed that days to first flower, flower shedding, boll formation, sympodial node number, plant height, fruiting points, number of bolls, seed cotton yield, GOT% and staple length had maximum significant mid heterosis at both locations. The traits including flower shedding, boll formation, sympodial node numbers, number of sympodial branches, boll shedding, plant height, fruiting points, number of bolls harvested, boll weight, seed cotton yield and upper half mean length indicated maximum standard heterosis at both locations. Correlation results indicated that boll shedding, boll formation, boll opening, sympodial node number, number of bolls harvested, boll weight, plant height, GOT%, fiber strength, micronaire value, seed index and seed cotton yield had positive correlation at both locations. Path analysis results indicated that flower shedding, boll formation, boll opening, sympodial branches, fruiting point and boll weight had positive and direct effect on seed cotton yield at both locations. GOT%, staple length and micronaire value showed negative and direct effect at both locations.
The fungal occurrence and identification of mycoflora in vegetable cultivating soils.
Rhizosphere soil samples were collected from seven vegetable crops in six villages of three sub-zobas for isolation and identification of soil mycoflora.
Line x tester analysis using four lines as females and eight testers as males was carried out with a view to estimate heterosis in cotton. The experimental material comprised of twelve parents and their thirty two crosses and two standard checks G. Cot. Hy.10 and G. Cot.Hy. 12. A complete set of forty six genotypes was planted in Randomized block design in three replications at the Main Cotton Research Station, NAU, Surat during kharif 2014-15. In case of parents GSHV 171, NDLH 1928 and GISV 267 exhibited higher seed cotton yield per plant. Significant and desired directional heterosis was observed for majority of the yield attributing characters. For seed cotton yield per plant, the higher heterobeltiosis as well as the highest standard heterosis over both the standard checks was recorded by GISV 267 x NDLH 1928. High heterosis for seed cotton yield per plant in this hybrid was due to positive heterotic response in other yield related characters. Combining ability analysis revealed significant and positive variances due to general combining ability (?2GCA) for all characters except number of sympodia per plant which revealed the importance of additive gene action in inheritance of these characters. Similarly, specific combining ability (?2SCA) variances were observed significant for all the characters except lint index and 2.5% span length showed the role of non-additive gene action in inheritance of these traits. The ratio of ?2GCA / ?2SCA revealed that majority of the characters manifested less than unity which indicated preponderance of non-additive genetic variance for inheritance of these traits.
Drought is an abiotic environmental stress that can significantly reduce crop productivity. We examined the mode of inheritance
for different biochemical traits including total soluble proteins, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, total phenolic contents and enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and
catalase), and their relationship with Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin under control and drought conditions. Eight genetically diverse cotton genotypes were selfed for two generations to
ensure homozygosity. Fifteen F1 hybrids were developed by crossing five non-Bt female lines with three Bt male testers. The F1 hybrids and eight parents were finally evaluated under control (100 % field capacity (FC)) and drought (50 % FC) conditions
in 2013. The biochemical traits appeared to be controlled by non-additive gene action with low narrow sense heritability estimates.
The estimates of general combining ability and specific combining ability for all biochemical traits were significant under
control and drought conditions. The genotype-by-trait biplot analysis showed the better performance of Bt cotton hybrids when compared with their parental genotypes for various biochemical traits under control and drought conditions.
The biplot and path coefficient analyses revealed the prevalence of different relationships between Cry1Ac toxin and biochemical
traits in the control and drought conditions. In conclusion, biochemical traits could serve as potential biochemical markers
for breeding Bt cotton genotypes without compromising the optimal level of Bt toxin.
A complete diallel cross experiment was conducted involving five cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) genotypes viz. SLH-41, F-281, COKER-3113, LA-85-52-1 and H-88-8-J.69-J.70 to explore genetic effects controlling various quantitative traits. Data on major agaronomic traits including plant height, number of monopodial branches, sympodial branches, number of bolls per plant and boll weight were recorded. All the genotypes were found to be significantly different from each other for the above mentioned traits. Joint regression analysis proved the validity of the data of all traits for additive-dominance model. All the traits almost showed over dominant type of gene action while the inheritance of number of sympodial branches was of additive type with partial dominance. Over dominance suggested heterosis breeding as an appropriate tool for improvement of these traits. Cotton occupies a unique position in Pakistan's agriculture economy. Efforts on various aspects of cotton crop improvement have been under way to increase its overall production of the country. The economy of Pakistan mainly depends upon cotton production, back bone of foreign exchange earnings, exportable surplus of cotton fiber and fiber made products. The total share of cotton is about 69 % annually in foreign exchange and economy of the country. Its share in the GDP of agriculture is 1.6 % and also significant role in domestic oil production 7 . The crop not only meets the need of the fiber of the local industry but also provides edible oil for cooking purpose and low grade oil for the soap manufacturing industries. Residual seed cake is a valuable protein concentrate that is used for livestock feed
The present study was performed to evaluate the exp
ression per se performance and heterosis effect for
quantitative traits of 12hybrid involving seven var
ieties as testers in line x tester analysis. Experi
ment was grown
under field conditions during 2012-2013 at experime
ntal farm of Nuclear Institute of Agriculture, Tand
o Jam. It
is noticed that the crosses involving genotypes Cha
ndi-95, Bt-703, Bt-802 and Sadori exhibited higher
performance mean and positive heterosis over mid pa
rent and better parent heterosis for yield contribu
ting
characters like for plant height, sympodial branche
s, boll weight, bolls per plant and seedcotton well
. Therefore
transgressive F1 hybrids and heterosis can be explo
ited to create genetic variability followed by the
selection of
high yielding genotypes of cotton and establish lin
es with superior features and improved through subs
idiaries to
bring income seedcotton, however, segregating gener
ations the degree of heterosis is a key factor for
use
Keywords:
Cotton, Heterosis, Heterobeltiosis, Line x tester a
nalysis
Heterosis (F 1 — MP), useful heterosis (F 1 — ‘Deltapine 16’), and gene action estimates were obtained at four locations from the six groups of populations involving ‘Deltapine 16’ ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) crossed with six cultivars (‘Q 1 ,’ ‘Del Cerro 183,’ ‘FTA 263‐20,’ ‘Acala 3080,’ ‘Mo277‐396,’ and ‘Stoneville 603’).
Heterosis for lint yield was detected in each cross. F 1 yields ranged from 92 to 115% of that of Deltapine 16, while F 2 yields ranged from 86 to 107%. Increases in boll size were partially responsible for the increased productivity of the hybrids. Parental lines originating from outside the Delta in general produced hybrid‐by‐location mean squares greater than those from Delta‐derived parents. These interactions were related to the higher relative performance of Deltapine 16 at the locations with higher yield. The potential benefits from utilizing heterosis were especially evident when all traits were considered simultaneous. Four of the six F 1 's produced yields equal to or greater than Deltapine 16 while also having longer, stronger, and finer fiber.
Heterosis for each of the nine traits studied was determined primarily by dominance gene action. Of the 54 possible tests additive‐by‐additive epistasis was significant in only four instances, and even in those four cases the mean squares for epistasis were much smaller than were those for additive or dominance effects.
Additive effects predominated for lint percentage, seed index, fiber strength, fiber elongation, and fiber fineness. However, dominance was greater for boll size. Both were involved for lint yield and fiber length. In every case there were some crosses that did not fit the general trend.
The interaction of additive effects with locations was usually of greater magnitude than the dotninance‐bylocation interaction. There were 28, 13, and 1 instances of significant additive, dominance, and additive by additive epistatic by location interactions, respectively. Interactions with locations were the greatest practical limitation for lint yield selection and they were less important for the other traits. The interactions with locations were particularly large for the cross involving Acala 3080. Breeding implications are discussed.