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Armenians in St. Petersburg: Belonging to the church as a key marker of ethnic identity
This paper reviews the theoretical models and the research on self-esteem among Hispanic and Asian American subgroups and compares these findings to the existing literature on African American self-image. The authors describe the major paradigms of ethnic/racial and personal self-esteem utilized in studies of Hispanics and Asian Americans. These paradigms are largely informed by the literature on ethnicity and stress the macrostructural forces that affect self-concept. Paradigms of African American self-image tend to focus more on the sychological mechanisms that transform social context into personal identity. Empirical evidence on both dimensions of self-esteem among Hispanics and Asian Americans is reviewed and contrasted with research on African Americans. -from Authors