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... The healing that always comes with personal transformation can happen fast or slow; great clinicians like Dean Ornish typically uses three months to heal a patient with severe cardiac disease or prostate cancer (21)(22)(23)(24). It does not necessarily take long time to heal a serious disease, but it takes a lot of devotion, trust and conscious suffering, as all the oppressed and denied feelings that lie behind the false beliefs need to be met (see the holistic process theory of healing (42) for an introduction, and more detailed explanations in (28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)). If you are not accustomed to the thinking of shamans or Indian philosophers you might feel dizzy, or even displeased with our presentation now. ...
... We know such spiritual descriptions of depth from Africa (the Sangomas), Australia (the North Australian healers) and from both the North Central and South American Indian tribes and shamanistic cultures. Also in Europe we know the descriptions of the world of druids, witches and wizards mastering and manipulating the good and evil forces in nature; and in the Samic and Eskimo cultures there are spirit manners that go into a trance to meet these levels of reality that are mostly hidden for ordinary people (43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49). ...
About half the population in the western world has a complex, chronic health problem. A third of everybody has either a chronic physical disease, a mental disorder, a personality disturbance or a persistent sexual problem. About one in four suffers from all these in combination. The chronicity, in spite of frequent medical, psychiatric, sexological etc. treatment, indicates their complex nature. The classical Hippocratic evidence-based mind-body medicine is often effective for complex health problems. We present the traditional holistic analysis of the structure of a human being and describe the ideal, healthy state of man, together with theory for healing. We review the diagnostic tools, and describe the scientific holistic methods for treatment of complex physical, mental, and sexual problems, alone or in combination. Holistic medicine activates inner self-healing powers by increasing self-insight and understanding of life. Human problems related to existence are solved, and happiness, joy, motivation, talent etc. is reestablished. Holistic medicine holds that diseases and symptoms primarily arise from the patients conditioned body-mind, in combination with a negative impact from the physical and psychological environment. The method is also effective for modern complex health problems i.e. damages from vaccines and mRNA gene therapy. Chronic pain, organ damages, autoimmune diseases and other immunological imbalances, infertility problems, neurological problems, and symptoms from brain damage can be treated. For research and systematic documentation of symptoms, we recommend QOL10, SEQOL, and our new questionnaire The General Physical Health Questionnaire (GPHQ presented in the appendix).
... This is in our analyses what humiliation is about. And if this is understood every humiliating experienceevery experience of abuse of power, punishment, control over others, and hierarchical displacement -is a key to existential healing (8,9,11,19,20). It is as the universe continues to remind us of what we need to look at to be whole and free. We might not like the lesson. ...
... What are lost in theft are your things. What is lost in humiliation is only your ego (19,21). ...
In our exploration of the concept of humiliation, we penetrate deeper to uncover the concept of gaining and loosing personal power. We look at humiliation in many different situations: humiliation in sexuality and pornography, both public and privately: humiliation in pre- modern cultures and the associated healing rituals where one-session healing seems to be based on fundamental destruction of the person through humiliation on the level of body, mind and spirit, and re-creation and rebirth of the cosmic warrior who comes back fully empowered with all talents and divine gifts. At first glance humiliation in sexual abuse, incest, rape and sexual torture is the most degrading experiences and pain that a person can experience, but a closer look at humiliation is about remembering that we experience universal dis-empowerment, and therefore all experiences of humiliation are really invitations to heal and regain full insight in yourself. The life mission theory can be interpreted as telling us about the first time of humiliation - happening just after conception as we are completely overwhelmed the birthing process and the trials and tribulations of one's entry into a hostile and dangerous environment A thorough understanding of the concept of humiliation is one of the keys to healing some of the most damaging and harmful traumas we have experienced.
... Before presenting the results of our analysis, we review findings in this section that support the contention, long held by many PAT experts, [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] that PI are impactful factors in PAT treatment worthy of appropriate attention in discussions of trial outcomes. ...
Background
Psychedelic-assisted therapy has gained significant attention in recent years. However, there is a lack of empirical clarity on the role of psychosocial interventions (PIs) in clinical trials of psychedelic treatment due in part to deficiencies in reporting practices found in the existing literature. These PI include non-drug support or interventions provided by psychotherapists or facilitators during all phases of treatment, sometimes called “psychological support,” “monitoring,” “psychedelic-assisted therapy,” or “psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy.” A brief review of recent research, historical studies, safety considerations, and participant perspectives suggests that PI has a substantive and critical impact on treatment outcomes.
Methods
This systematic review examines the reporting practices on PI in published clinical trial results. The review employs a search of PubMed/Medline and PSYCinfo databases to identify relevant articles. It includes quantitative clinical studies treating patients with psychiatric indications using classic psychedelics (psilocybin, LSD, DMT, ayahuasca) or empathogenic drugs (MDMA) since 2000. The analytic approach follows a modified version of assessment items based on CONSORT extension statement and TIDieR checklist.
Results
Thirty-three published psychedelic clinical trials met criteria. The review reveals that many published reports on psychedelic clinical trials did not report basic aspects of the intervention: 33% did not report the number of sessions, 45% did not report the duration of sessions, 42% did not report provider credentials, 52% did not report whether their intervention used a therapy manual, 64% did not reference a manual that was available to readers, and 82% did not report that they assessed treatment fidelity. A comparison with non-psychedelic trials shows that psychedelic trial reports underreport on key items related to PI.
Discussion
The study highlights the problems of underreporting and the importance of improving reporting practices regarding PI in psychedelic clinical trials to enhance research standardization and improve treatment outcomes. Recommendations for improving reporting practices are provided.
... Administrace klasických psychedelik (psilocybinu, LSD či ayahuascy) v kontextu různých přístupů a intenzity psychologické/psychoterapeutické či jiné odborné podpory se ukázala mít významný terapeutický potenciál v klinických studiích při léčbě úzkosti a deprese u terminálně nemocných pacientů, 134 160 Tento potenciál je dále podporován řadou observačních studií 67, 161-165 i zkušenostmi z mnohaleté terapeutické praxe. 68,153,[166][167][168] V poslední době také přibývá studií 56 poukazujících na to, že psychedelika nemusí být jen nástrojem léčby psychopatologií, ale mohou také přispět k osobnímu rozvoji a péči o duševní zdraví i zdravých jedinců a potenciálně tak sloužit i v prevenci psychopatologických jevů. 10 Jiná řada studií srovnávající skupiny uživatelů klasických psychedelik s neuživateli přinesla evidenci podporující pozitivní souvislosti užívání psychedelik s vybranými fenomény, jako je nižší míra užívání alkoholu a tabáku 169 či opiátů, 170 sebevražednosti, 162, 171 duševních problémů, 161 ale i třeba páchání partnerského fyzického násilí 172 nebo vyšší mírou zdravého životního stylu u dlouhodobých uživatelů. ...
Tato publikace představuje komplexní úvod do problematiky a dosud první souhrnný přehled situace v oblasti fenoménu užívání psychedelik v České republice, shrnující výsledky výzkumného projektu Aplikace výzkumných metod při tvorbě návrhu systému služeb pro uživatele psychedelických látek realizovaného v letech 2019–2021 v Národním ústavu duševního zdraví a spolufinancovaného se státní podporou Technologické agentury České republiky.
This publication is a comprehensive introduction to the phenomenon
and so far the first complex overview of the situation in the field
of psychedelics use in the Czech Republic, summarizing the results
of the research project Application of Research Methods in Creating
a Design of a System of Services for Users of Psychedelics (hereinafter referred to as National Psychedelic Research) implemented
in 2019–2021 at the National Institute of Mental Health.
... In my early twenties, I read a wonderful book series on LSD-therapy research from Prague by Stanislav Grof, MD (born 1931) (11). Grof worked with psychodynamic psychotherapy enhanced by LSD-25. ...
Most scientists assume that thought is a mental process closely associated to the nervous systems and brain. This paper points to the possibility that thought might be a much more fundamental biological phenomenon associated with the cells of an organism. The idea is that every cell has thoughts that can be energized and fixed, dependent on the conditions. From this follows that cells can be conditioned. Structure, function, and behavior of the cells can change by learning on the level of cell-consciousness. The understanding of cell-thought might give us a better understanding of the process of healing in holistic medicine, holistic sexology and holistic psychiatry.
... We lost the first battle of our life to our parents; and the existential pain from the confrontation was repressed for us to align with our parents and survive. This is basically the story of Freud, Jung, Adler, Lowen, Reich, Horney, Rosen, Grof and the other great psychodynamic thinkers of the last century (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). ...
Holistic theory, strongly inspired by integrative, transcultural medicine and psychodynamic theory (Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) and the tradition of psychoanalysis), perceive a person as a whole (a true self) composed of body (with an Id), a mind (with an Ego) and a spirit (with a " Higher Self "). Therefore the will to exist is manifested though body, mind, spirit and heart, and holistic pain theory claim that pain basically arises, when the will to exist is compromised. Pain is thus existential and related to our wholeness as human beings, but this existential pain can be repressed to one of the three partial existential domains, either the spiritual, mental or the physical part (the spirit, mind or body). The reason for refereed pain to body and mind is mostly repression of unbearable pain. Most pains are according to the theory caused by non-organic, informational disturbances, which are caused by internalized and repressed early existential and emotional conflicts. When these old existential issues are solved, and the patient rediscover herself and her purpose of life, and starts living her mission of life and using her great talents for the benefit of the world, most pain evaporates like " small pearls of water in the hot summer sun ". In this paper we show how a simple holistic theory of pain leads to effective holistic pain management in the clinic, and sometimes even existential and physical healing of the patient.
... While outcome is often hard to evaluate directly due to the chaotic nature of life, where happiness and good periods interchange with challenges and suffering, it is often much easier to see, if there is a positive development and if the patient is healing. According to many researchers, the good life is not a boring, stable state, but is happening on the edge of chaos, with intensive feelings and emotions, and sufficient challenges for personal development (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16). ...
We have developed the " Rating scale for therapeutic progress in clinical holistic medicine, Version 1.0 " that can be used whenever there is a need to use the case record to evaluate if holistic therapy is efficient and to document healing in the patient. 17 questions on the patients progress in feeling, understanding and letting go of negative beliefs gives a score that indicates if healing is happening or not. The rating scale can be used for supervision, and to evaluate therapy when not completed because treatment is interrupted before completion, i.e. if the patient drops out. It can also be used to document effect of therapy, when others question the efficacy of holistic therapy for a specific patient. We recommend that a short questionnaire like QOL1, QOL5 or QOL10 is always used for quality assurance, as the qualitative assessment is much more complicated and time-demanding than the quantitative measuring of the quality of life and self-assessed physical and mental health before and after the treatment.
... Non-drug CAM does not cause significant harm. The hallucinogenic drugs have some rare, but significant adverse effects Comparative analysis 283 but as shamanistic medicine is often very efficient with result that last for life due to increase selfawareness and self-insight, the harm inflicted over a life-span becomes similar to the level of harm inflicted by the other CAM systems, indicating that we might be more open to the potential benefits of pre-modern medicine and drug-induced one session healing, like Grof's LSD therapy (19). ...
Aim: To compare cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness of all types of evidences-based medicine, both pharmaceuticals and non-drug CAM for all clinical conditions. Method: Calculating therapeutic value (TV=NNHtotal/NNT) and cost per cured patient (year 1-50) for 10 different types of evidence-based medicine. Cost is presented as EURO per cured patient, EURO per QALY, EURO per HALY, and number of harmed patients per cured patient. The cost of one year of treatment was set to 2,000€, and the difference between healthy and sick to 20% (quality of life, self-rated health). Results: We found the most effective CAMtypes(mind-body medicine, holistic medicine, shamanism) to be 100 times as cost-effective and 10.000 times less harmful compared to pharmaceuticals. The 50 years estimated cost for one patient cured was for: drugs 1,000,000€; physical therapy 100,000€; psychotherapy 100,000€; mind-body medicine 50,000€; holistic mindbody medicine 20,000€; one-session shamanistic healing with hallucinogenic drugs 2,000€. CAM is more efficient than drugs and has no side effects and adverse events, whereas treatment with drugs always has adverse effects and events. Interpretation: To be useful medicine must have significant Therapeutic Value (good ratio of benefits to harm: TV≥1) and documented long term effect and safety. The shift from drugs to CAM would improve health and quality of life radically in society and reduce harm to patients and the cost of healthcare to a small fraction. Strict laws should be introduced immediately in all countries to stop the pharmaceutical industry from promoting drugs without Therapeutic Value, and from repressing CAM.
... Instead of QALYs, WHO often recommend the use of HALYs (and DALYs), which is exactly the same, only with health (most often self-rated health) instead of quality of life. We know that the strongest measure of health is self-rated health (15)(16)(17)(18), and we also know that sick people experience there health very much the same way as they experience their quality of life (14) allowing us again to use a difference of 20% between healthy and ill people. This gives us table 5, showing that mind-body medicine gives lots of health for the money, while chemical medicine and social medicine does not. ...
Aim: To compare cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness of all types of evidences-based medicine, both pharmaceuticals and non-drug CAM for all clinical conditions. Method: Calculating therapeutic value (TV=NNH total /NNT) and cost per cured patient (year 1-50) for 10 different types of evidence-based medicine. Cost is presented as EURO per cured patient, EURO per QALY, EURO per HALY, and number of harmed and killed patients per cured patient. The cost of one year of treatment was set to 2,000€, and the difference between healthy and sick to 20% (quality of life, self-rated health). Results: We found the most effective CAM-types(mind-body medicine, holistic medicine, shamanism) to be 100 times as cost-effective and 10.000 times less harmful compared to pharmaceuticals. The 50 years estimated cost for one patient cured was for: drugs 1,000,000€ physical therapy 100,000€ psychotherapy 100,000€ mind-body medicine 50,000€ holistic mind-body medicine 20,000€ one-session shamanistic healing with hallucinogenic drugs 2,000€. CAM is more efficient than drugs and has no side effects and adverse events, whereas treatment with drugs always has adverse effects and events. Only chemical medicine has mortality as adverse effect. Interpretation: To be useful medicine must have significant Therapeutic value (good ratio of benefits to harm: TV≥1) and documented long term effect and safety. The shift from drugs to CAM would improve health and quality of life radically in society and reduce harm to patients and the cost of healthcare to a small fraction. Strict laws should be introduced immediately in all countries to stop the pharmaceutical industry from promoting drugs without Therapeutic value, and from repressing CAM.
... The interested reader will find the works of the LSDs gurus Stanislav Grof and Timothy Leary interesting, and will also enjoy spending lots of time reading also Anderson, Mumey, Castaneda, Luna, and White (91)(92)(93)(94)(95)(96)(97)(98). The philosophy of shamanism is quite profound and good introductions to this kind of "magic thinking" are Saint-Exupéry, Huxley, and Castaneda while the advanced reader will benefit from reading The I Ching and The Tibetan Book of the Dead (99)(100)(101)(102)(103). ...
Aim: To compare cost-effectiveness of CAM (non-drug talk touch therapy) and biomedicine (pharmaceutical drugs) for all clinical conditions. Method: Calculating cost per cured patient with physical, mental, existential and sexual health issues, year 1-50 for most efficient CAM treatments and most efficient pharmaceuticals. Mean NNT numbers were used (CAM: NNT=2-6, pharmaceutical: NNT=5-50). The cost of one year of short-term therapy (20 sessions) and drugs was 2,000€ and 2,000€ respectively. Results: We found CAM to be 100 (10-500) times as cost-effective as pharmaceutical drugs for most clinical condition. The 50 years estimated cost for one patient cured was for: drugs 1,000,000€; physical therapy 100,000€; psychotherapy 200,000€; mind-body medicine 100,000€; holistic mind-body medicine 30,000€; one-session shamanistic healing with hallucinogenic drugs 2,000€. A large number of clinical conditions could be cured with CAM but not with drugs, that mostly only reduced symptoms. CAM is more efficient than drugs and has no side (adverse) effects and events while treatment with drugs almost always have many often severe adverse effects and events. Interpretation: Drugs turn patients into chronic patients instead of curing. Half the population of the western world today is chronically ill seemingly because of national health organ's preference of biomedicine instead of CAM. The shift from drugs to CAM would improve health radically in the society and reduce the cost of healthcare to a small fraction. Strict laws should be introduced immediately in all countries to stop pharmaceutical industries from promoting drugs without evidence of long term effect and from repressing CAM.
... In 1964 he visited London to observe and experience the work of Joyce Martin and Pauline McCririck who had developed "anaclitic" therapy. 71 McCririck, a London-based psychoanalyst, had been an assistant to American psychiatrist Harold Abramson (who, as was later disclosed, had been involved in research on the military uses of LSD for the CIA). 72 Drawing from Freud's theory of anaclisis, in which the infant's identification of the love object (usually the mother) was associated with self-preservation, McCririck observed that some patients undergoing LSD psychotherapy appeared to regress into infantile states, requiring affection and comforting. ...
... The recent application of operant conditioning techniques to the modi fication of autonomic responses has generated considerable interest both in laymen (Stoler, 1974) and scientists (Davidson & Krippner, 1972;Schwartz, 1973). Experiments using such techniques have demonstrated that humans can gain some degree of voluntary control over such "involuntary" functions as heart rate (Engel & Chism, 1967), blood pressure (Shapiro, Tursky, & Schwartz, 1970), and vasomotor responses (Christie & Kotses, 1973). ...
8 male Ss were presented with visual and auditory analog feedback regarding the difference between forehead and finger temperature. 4 Ss were instructed to raise the temperature of their finger in comparison with the forehead, while a second group of 4 Ss was instructed to lower the temperature of their finger in comparison with the temperature of the forehead. After 12 15-min. training sessions all Ss were able to produce changes in differential skin temperature in the specified direction. Differential changes in skin temperature correlated highly with changes in absolute finger temperature. These results are discussed as relevant to the clinical application of skin temperature control.
Researchers and doctors all over the world agrees that the COVID-19 virus is not more dangerous than the normal influenza, yet the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the govenments of the world react to it as if it was a new threat to mankind. This book analyses what is happening and why.
Unlabelled:
To review adverse events of intensive, clinical holistic medicine (CHM) as it is practiced in holistic body-psychotherapy in England and Germany. Gerda Boyesen's "biodynamic body-psychotherapy" (BBP) is an intensive type of holistic mind-body medicine used by Boyesen at two centers.
Methods:
About 13,500 patients were treated during 1985-2005 period and studied for side effects and adverse events. The first author worked closely with Boyesen 1995-2005 with full insight in all aspects of the therapy and provided the data on side-effects.
Results:
Therapy helped chronic patients with physical, psychological, sexual, psychiatric and existential problems to improve health, ability, and quality of life (NNT (number needed to treat) = 1-3). Effective in the treatment of mentally ill patients (schizophrenia, anxiety, poor mental health, low general ability). For retraumatization, brief reactive psychosis, depression, depersonalization and derealization, implanted memories, side effects from manipulations of the body, suicide/suicide attempts, hospitalization for physical and mental health problem during or 90 days after treatment, NNH (number needed to harm) > 13,500.
Interpretation:
Intensive, holistic non-drug medicine is helpful for physical, sexual, psychological, psychiatric and existential problems and is completely safe for the patient. The therapeutic value TV = NNH/NNT > 5,000. Altogether about 18,000 patients treated with different subtypes of CHM in four different countries have now been evaluated for effects, side effects and adverse events, with similar results.
Our viability and vigour in general is derived from our state of well being and life as a whole. Some people are harmonious. They thrive and prosper and have the energy to solve all the problems they encounter. These people are ready and willing to communicate and they are alert and attentive to life. They represent resources to be drawn upon. Often they are very valuable to themselves - they love life - and they are shown respect and appreciation. Human beings who communicate great joy in life and a reserve of strength, are those who easily rise to the occasion and quickly adapt to getting on with other people. Quality of life is something inside you and it accompanies you wherever you go. Many people think that it is a matter of chance whether or not there is quality of life and surplus energy. Some people are born under a lucky star, they say, while others had a bad start. By chance some humans have better genes and by nature they are the chosen few, the beautiful, the talented and the marvellous, while the rest of us must accept the twists of nature and accept being plain, a bit boring not possessed of the most brilliant minds. But no. Human beings are to a much greater extent the masters of their good or bad lives. Quality of life implies that you know and accept yourself. This is not as simple as it may sound. But you can shape the good life yourself.
Non-drug medicine has become popular with patients and physicians worldwide as it is realised that CAM (complementary and alternative medicine) is efficient for physical and mental diseases, sexual dysfunctions and existential problems without the side effects of pharmaceutical medicine. We have identified five healing principles related to seven classes of CAM to identify efficient types of treatments. Based on clinical studies where the patients act as their own control we have estimated: Class 1-CAM (Chemical CAM) NNT≥10, NNH=25; Class 2-CAM (Physical therapy but not high-energy manipulations): NNT=2-4, NNH>64,000, Class 3-CAM (Psychotherapy): NNT=3, NNH>64,000; Class 4-CAM (Spiritual therapy) NNT=10, NNH>64,000; Class 5-CAM (Mind-Body medicine): NNT=2, NNH>64,000; Class 6-CAM (Holistic medicine): NNT=2, NNH>64,000, Class 7-CAM (Shamanism with hallucinogenic drugs) NNT=1, NNH≥1000. We compared this to Biomedicine: NNT=5-50, NNH=1-4. Efficient CAM cures exist for subjectively poor physical health (NNT=2), coronary heart disease, (NNT=2-3); cancer (QOL NNT=2, survival NNT=7); chronic pain (NNT=2-3), subjectively poor mental health (NNT=2-3), schizophrenia (NNT=3-5), major depression (NNT=2-3), anxiety (NNT=3), social phobia (NNT=3), subjectively poor sexual functioning (NNT=2); male erectile dysfunction (NNT=2), female orgasmic dysfunction (NNT=1); female lack of desire (NNT=2), female dyspareunia (NNT=2); vaginismus (NNT=2), vulvodynia (NNT=2); infertility (NNT=6); subjectively poor quality of life (NNT=2); sense of coherence (NNT=2-3); suicidal prevention (NNT=1)L; low self esteem (NNT=2); poor working ability (NNT=2). CAM seems cost-efficient. We recommend that nations with nationalised medicine shift to CAM as a primary type of medicine provided.
Our viability and vigor in general derives from our state of well-being and life as a whole. Some people are harmonious. They thrive and prosper and have the energy to solve all the problems they encounter. These people are ready and willing to communicate and they are alert and attentive to life. They represent resources to be drawn upon. Often they are very valuable to themselves - they love life and they are shown respect and appreciation. Human beings who communicate great joy in life and a reserve of strength are those who easily rise to the occasion and quickly adapt to getting on with other people. Quality of life is something inside you and it accompanies you wherever you go. Many people think that it is a matter of chance whether there is quality of life and surplus energy. Some people are born under a lucky star, they say, while others had a bad start. By chance some humans have better genes and by nature they are the chosen few, the beautiful, the talented and the marvelous, while the rest of us must accept the twists of nature and accept being plain, a bit boring not possessed of the most brilliant minds. But no. Human beings are to a much greater extent the masters of their good or bad lives. Quality of life implies that you know and accept yourself. This is not as simple as it may sound. But you can shape the good life yourself.
A brief introductory review is presented of the etiology of affective disorders, the neuropsychopharma-cological modalities used in treating these states, and the mechanisms by which these therapies act. The topological and topographical requisites for effective neuroleptic (antipsychotic) drugs (the major tranquillizers) are outlined. Quantum chemical results, both CNDO/2 and INDO, are presented for promazine, perazine, and their CI and CF3 derivatives. Application of the topographical postulates led us to perform quantum chemical calculations on a series of hitherto unsynthesized and untested compounds, N-piperdinopromazines. We predicted these would be effective neuroleptics. In the interim a compound of this type was synthesized and tested and it is, indeed, a major tranquillizer. The subtle differences in geometrical conformation between tricyclic neuroleptics (which are postsynaptic dopamine blockers) and the closely related tricyclic antidepressants (which inhibit reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin back into the the presynapse) are indicated.
In the area of hallucinogens or psychotomimetic agents, it is emphasized that even though compounds like LSD and mescaline exhibit cross tolerance, they apparently do not act by the same mechanism. Thus the commonalities in structures between these two groups previously invoked by other authors merit reexamination and a sharpening of focus. Quantum chemical results, CNDO/2 and PCILO, are presented for a few of these compounds whose crystal structures have been determined recently. Our interest in these psychotomimetics was twofold; first, because of their intrinsic interest in the hierarchy of psychotropic drugs and second, to gain insight into why many narcotic antagonists are undesirably psychotomimetic.
Today's categorical system of diagnosing personality disorders in ICD-10 and DSM-IV should in ICD-11 and DSM-V be substituted with a simpler, more comprehensive, five-dimensional model. The proposed model gives a tremendous simplification of today's diagnostic universe and empowers the psychiatrist and therapist with tools that facilitate an integrated holistic practice of understanding, diagnosing and healing the mental disorders in general. The five dimensions are based on the classical Hippocratic description of man: 1) body and sexuality, 2) consciousness and psyche, 3) feelings and emotions, 4) spirituality and ability to love and 5) an integrative function of the "I" often called "the heart". We present seven easy-to-use rating scales of 1) Therapist's global impression of the patient (as normal, low self-esteem, low self-confidence, nymphomaniac, dependant, nervous/evasive, compulsive, labile, narcissistic, hysteric/histrionic, dyssocial/antisocial, paranoid, skizoid, autistic, dysphoric, hypomanic, depressive, manic, bipolar, skizo-affective, schizophrenic); 2) Level of sexual development (genital, immature oral/anal/clitoral, infantile autoerotic); 3) State of sexual energy (free or blocked); 4) Patient's affective/emotional state (vital, flat, blocked), 5) Level of mental development (mature, immature, instable, deluded, deluded-instable, disintegrated), 6) Spiritual state (whole, flat or split) and 7) "I-Strength" also called "state of heart" or "degree of development of integrative ability" (fair, intermediate, weak). The seven rating scales makes diagnosis and planning of the psychodynamic or holistic therapy easy and opens up for a constructive dialog about the goal of therapy with the patient. The five-dimensional diagnostic system has been clinically tested and seems to humanize psychiatry and improve treatment efficiency and compliance.
Two studies assessed the extent to which learned control over finger temperature could be developed. In Experiment I subjects received a short-term (five-session) biofeedback training regimen to decrease or increase temperature. Analyses of temperature data for the training periods revealed highly significant between-group differences. Subjects in the Increase condition displayed increases of up to 2.5°F, while subjects in the Decrease condition displayed decreases of up to 2.9°F. Ability to produce the required changes in temperature was found to improve as a function of training. Experiment II evaluated the effect of longer term training to increase temperature (20 sessions). Significant within-session increases in finger temperature were obtained after 3 days of training. There was no significant improvement in temperature control with further training, however. These studies indicate that voluntary control over digital temperature can be established, but that the magnitude of temperature changes is small even with extended feedback training.
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